WO2000014317A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines multiaxialgeleges aus multifilamentfäden - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines multiaxialgeleges aus multifilamentfäden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000014317A1 WO2000014317A1 PCT/DE1999/002611 DE9902611W WO0014317A1 WO 2000014317 A1 WO2000014317 A1 WO 2000014317A1 DE 9902611 W DE9902611 W DE 9902611W WO 0014317 A1 WO0014317 A1 WO 0014317A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- threads
- multifilament
- scrim
- distribution
- sewing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 244000273256 Phragmites communis Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B23/00—Flat warp knitting machines
- D04B23/10—Flat warp knitting machines for knitting through thread, fleece, or fabric layers, or around elongated core material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
- D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
- D04B21/165—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads with yarns stitched through one or more layers or tows, e.g. stitch-bonded fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
- D04H3/115—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
- D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
- D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
- D10B2403/02412—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties including several arrays of unbent yarn, e.g. multiaxial fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a multiaxial scrim from multifilament threads according to the
- a device for producing a multiaxial scrim from multifilament threads has become known, for example, in the literature “Rationalization of the Production of Long-Fiber Reinforced Composites by Using Multiaxial Scrims” by Karlheinz Hörsting, Shaker Verlag, Aachen 1954, in particular pages 30 and 32.
- the multifilament threads are drawn off from bobbins and fed to weft carriages which are moved on adjustable rails and which the multifilament threads in the required Place orientation + 25 ° to 90 ° in a so-called needle transport chain.
- the density of the inserted threads can be set on each weft carriage via a reed, which thus determines the basis weight of the individual layers. It swings for exact insertion into the needle transport chains
- Shot car in the edge area beyond the transport chain.
- the excess material is compensated by a thread storage device.
- the multifilament threads are pressed behind the needles of the transport chain by a corresponding movement.
- the weft carriage reed is then displaced in the direction of production in accordance with the bandwidth of the threads. After the offset, the shot car swings out again and moves to the opposite side of the scrim.
- the scrim is then layered in different orientations.
- the 0 ° filaments - which extend in the production direction - are fed directly from a warp beam or an additional creel immediately in front of a knitting or sewing machine.
- the loose laid scrim is fixed using a conventional knitting or sewing machine. Then the marginal areas of the scrim, which are in the transport chain, are separated, because here they are thicker Filament curvature fiber damage present. The finished multiaxial scrim is then wound onto a fabric tree.
- the weft multifilaments are seen in the production direction at an angle of ⁇ 22.5 ° to ⁇ 60 ° and more and also in a 90 ° direction, while the so-called warp threads are fed in the 0 ° direction, i.e. H. So run parallel to the production direction.
- Such multiaxial scrims often consist of multifilaments made of very bend and break-sensitive fibers and the winding of the finished scrim onto the fabric leads, when the 0 ° multifilaments are arranged in the top layer, to an excessive strain on the fibers of these multifilament threads.
- a large number of individual layers for example six or seven layers
- Multiaxial scrims have therefore been used so far to produce scrims with, for example, three layers, in which the 0 ° multifilaments were also arranged in the uppermost layer, then to turn one of these scrims so that two scrims were then placed on top of each other, with the 0 ° -Multi-filaments were arranged in the middle, theoretically in the so-called neutral zone, in which case these fabrics that had already been sewn were sewn a third time, namely the two fabrics had to be sewn together. This resulted in further damage to the fibers of the multifilaments due to the large number of sewing processes.
- the invention has for its object to provide a multiaxial scrim in which it is possible to feed the 0 ° multifilament threads at any point on the scrim, to secure their predetermined position and still produce a scrim which is composed, for example, of seven layers, but only needs to be sewn once.
- a multiaxial scrim with, for example, seven layers is therefore proposed, the 0 ° layers being able to be incorporated between the other ⁇ 22.5 ° to 90 ° layers and being held securely in their desired orientation, position and distribution.
- the 0 ° positions between their insertion point and the sewing are fixed in their distribution specified at the insertion point by free-floating reeds arranged in front of the sewing point or brought back into their desired distribution position.
- a scrim that is built up in succession from the following layers of thread:
- the free-floating reeds secure the correct position of the 0 ° multifilament threads in front of the sewing or knitting machine, even if these multifilament threads should have shifted when the subsequent multifilament threads, which were deposited by the weft insertion carriages in other orientations, were shifted and are secured at a distance from one another. job fed.
- Another possible embodiment of the invention consists in that the 0 ° multifilaments are supported by a conveying means rotating with the usual needle chains and are guided to the sewing point.
- This conveying means can be designed as a conveyor belt and can be equipped with a large number of fine needles, which ensures that the distribution of all layers up to the sewing point, which is predetermined when inserted into the needle chain, is maintained.
- the 0 ° multifilaments are not tied into the needle transport chain, but are theoretically laid floating on the weft threads that have already been laid down and tied into the needle transport chains, but are held in a position and distribution-safe manner by the fine needles of the conveyor belt .
- a conveyor belt or a lattice cloth or a belt cloth can be used as the funding.
- 0 ° position material-locking that is to say, positionally secured or distributed-secured in their arrangement.
- the threads in the 0 ° position can be connected to one another in a material-locking manner or with at least one of the multifilament threads oriented in different orientations. lay.
- the material-tight position securing or distribution securing can be carried out by spraying on an adhesive or wetting the 0 ° threads, these threads then being glued either to themselves or to the adjacent multifilament thread layer.
- Threads in the 0 ° position is avoided, since only a single sewing of the multitude of individual thread layers has to be done. This not only prevents damage, but also saves considerable costs for handling the scrims and the distribution of the 0 ° threads in the area of the sewing point is completely secured.
- the 0 ° warp filaments can be arranged in any layer height of the scrim, so that the scrim can be better adapted to the requirements regarding tensile strength.
- the fixation of the 0 ° warp filament is secured from the entry point to the sewing point - in any case immediately before the sewing point.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a sewing or knitting machine for producing a multi-axial scrim
- Fig. 2 is a view of a reed comb, in
- Fig. 3 is a section bar on the line 3 - 3 in Fig. 2 and in
- Fig. 4 is a view of a modified embodiment of the invention.
- a sewing or knitting machine 1 for producing a multi-axial scrim is shown.
- the weft insertion systems for the +/- 24 ° to 90 ° threads are shown with 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and with 7 and 8 the thread feeds running in the 0 ° position.
- floating reeds 14 and 15 are switched on, which are held in their position between the multifilament threads introduced by the weft insertion systems 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
- these reeds 14 and 15 can be threaded, rope or Wires are held, which are fixed at the beginning of the machine.
- FIG. 2 shows a view of a reed comb, for example of the freely floating reed 14, and FIG. 3 shows how the in
- the 0 ° multifilament thread 7 is returned to its desired position by the floating reed 15 and the 0 ° multifilament threads immediately in front of the Sewing point 16 aligned again in the desired distribution, so that the sewing and thus fixing the overall scrim takes place so that all threads assume the desired position.
- a revolving conveyor belt 20 can be seen, on which multifilament threads are arranged in the +/- 25 ° -90 ° position, 0 ° multifilament threads 7 and 8 being indicated between these threads. While the wefts deposited in the production direction at an angle of +/- 22.5 ° -90 ° are essentially secured in their position by the needle transport chain, they are also secured in their position and distribution by needles 21 arranged on the conveyor belt 20 . 4, these needles are exaggerated in size and shown at an exaggerated distance from one another in order to illustrate the invention. In In practice, these are fine conifers or needle bars, the needles being very fine and at a very short distance from one another.
- Needles 22 are drawn into the scrim and thereby sew the scrim, which is led to a goods tree, not shown in the drawing.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
- Knitting Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE59902591T DE59902591D1 (de) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines multiaxialgeleges aus multifilamentfäden |
EP99953545A EP1112400B1 (de) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines multiaxialgeleges aus multifilamentfäden |
US09/786,152 US6668596B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-18 | Method for producing a multiaxial structure out of multifilament threads |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19839901.4 | 1998-09-02 | ||
DE19839901 | 1998-09-02 | ||
DE19855941.0 | 1998-12-04 | ||
DE19855941A DE19855941A1 (de) | 1998-09-02 | 1998-12-04 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Multiaxialgeleges aus Multifilamentfäden |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000014317A1 true WO2000014317A1 (de) | 2000-03-16 |
Family
ID=26048544
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1999/002611 WO2000014317A1 (de) | 1998-09-02 | 1999-08-18 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines multiaxialgeleges aus multifilamentfäden |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6668596B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1112400B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000014317A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1512784A1 (de) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-03-09 | Karl Mayer Malimo Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vorlegen und Fixieren von bandförmigen Filamentscharen |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7212229B2 (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 2007-05-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Digital camera providing image processing for an attachable printer |
DE10163683C1 (de) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-08-14 | Mayer Malimo Textilmaschf | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung eines mehrschichtigen, vorfixieren Faden-oder Fasergeleges |
DE10258357B4 (de) * | 2002-12-12 | 2005-03-17 | Karl Mayer Malimo Textilmaschinenfabrik Gmbh | Verfahren und Legeanordnung zur Herstellung eines bahnförmigen Multiaxialgeleges, das Multifilamentfäden besitzt |
DE10303992B3 (de) * | 2003-02-01 | 2005-01-20 | Saertex Wagener Gmbh & Co Kg | Multiaxialkomplex |
US8246882B2 (en) | 2003-05-02 | 2012-08-21 | The Boeing Company | Methods and preforms for forming composite members with interlayers formed of nonwoven, continuous materials |
ES2290682T3 (es) * | 2004-03-10 | 2008-02-16 | SAERTEX GMBH & CO. KG | Complejo multiaxial. |
DE102004041401B4 (de) * | 2004-08-27 | 2006-09-28 | Karl Mayer Malimo Textilmaschinenfabrik Gmbh | Wirkmaschine |
ES2289902A1 (es) * | 2005-11-18 | 2008-02-01 | Owens-Cornig Fiberglas España, S.A. | Tejido para impregnacion. |
AU2012245500B2 (en) | 2011-04-18 | 2015-12-17 | Fyfe Co., Llc | Expandable liner for the protection and strengthening of existing pipes |
DE102013216185B4 (de) | 2013-08-14 | 2019-08-14 | Karl Mayer China Ltd. | Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen eines Geleges |
EP3155308A1 (de) | 2014-06-16 | 2017-04-19 | Fyfe Co. LLC | Reparatur von rohren |
WO2016009361A1 (en) | 2014-07-14 | 2016-01-21 | Fyfe Co. Llc | Method of reininforcing a pipe with a pipe lining, reinforced pipe and method of waterproofing a reinforced pipe |
US9993992B2 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2018-06-12 | Fyfe Co. Llc | Structural fabric useful for lining pipe |
CN104846539B (zh) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-06-27 | 常州市新创复合材料有限公司 | 一种单向混编编织物的生产方法 |
US10077855B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2018-09-18 | Ina Acquisition Corp. | Method of lining pipe with high strength liner, high strength liner, and pipe lined with high strength liner |
DE102016111177A1 (de) * | 2016-06-17 | 2017-12-21 | V. Fraas Gmbh | Betonbewehrungsgitterelement, ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung, eine Wirkmaschine für dessen Herstellung sowie dessen Verwendung |
US11173634B2 (en) | 2018-02-01 | 2021-11-16 | Ina Acquisition Corp | Electromagnetic radiation curable pipe liner and method of making and installing the same |
US10704728B2 (en) | 2018-03-20 | 2020-07-07 | Ina Acquisition Corp. | Pipe liner and method of making same |
US10920351B2 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-02-16 | Xerox Corporation | Sewing method and apparatus to increase 3D object strength |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4325999A (en) * | 1979-11-23 | 1982-04-20 | Hitco | Bias fabric |
GB2131839A (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1984-06-27 | Polylok Corp | Stitch-through fabric system with biased filling |
US4556440A (en) * | 1984-04-23 | 1985-12-03 | Jb Group, Inc. | Method and apparatus for production of bias fabrics |
US4741941A (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1988-05-03 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven web with projections |
Family Cites Families (9)
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US3952550A (en) * | 1973-12-10 | 1976-04-27 | W. Schlafhorst & Co. | Knit fabric incorporating a warp stitch weave |
DE2545782C3 (de) * | 1975-10-13 | 1980-08-21 | Volker 8712 Volkach Friedrich | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Diagonalgeleges |
US4567738A (en) * | 1980-11-26 | 1986-02-04 | Knytex, Inc. | Structural fabric and method for making same |
DE3343048C2 (de) * | 1983-11-28 | 1987-05-14 | Liba Maschinenfabrik Gmbh, 8674 Naila | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Legen von Querschußfäden für eine Kettenwirkmaschine |
DE3529287C1 (de) * | 1985-08-16 | 1986-12-18 | Karl Mayer Textil-Maschinen-Fabrik Gmbh, 6053 Obertshausen | Legevorrichtung mit umlaufenden Fadenlegern fuer Kettenwirkmaschinen |
DE3910245C2 (de) | 1988-03-30 | 2002-10-24 | Volker Friedrich | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Fadengitters |
US5269863A (en) * | 1990-09-24 | 1993-12-14 | Akzo Nv | Continuous process for the manufacture of substrates for printed wire boards |
US5809805A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1998-09-22 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Warp/knit reinforced structural fabric |
DE19852281C2 (de) * | 1998-11-13 | 2003-04-30 | Mayer Malimo Textilmaschf | Vorrichtung zur Zuführung einer mehrlagigen, multiaxialen Fadenschicht zu der Wirkstelle einer Kettenwirkmaschine |
-
1999
- 1999-08-18 US US09/786,152 patent/US6668596B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-18 WO PCT/DE1999/002611 patent/WO2000014317A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-08-18 EP EP99953545A patent/EP1112400B1/de not_active Revoked
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4325999A (en) * | 1979-11-23 | 1982-04-20 | Hitco | Bias fabric |
GB2131839A (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1984-06-27 | Polylok Corp | Stitch-through fabric system with biased filling |
US4556440A (en) * | 1984-04-23 | 1985-12-03 | Jb Group, Inc. | Method and apparatus for production of bias fabrics |
US4741941A (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1988-05-03 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven web with projections |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"MULTI-AXIALE KETTENGEWIRKE ALS TEXTILE VERSTARKUNG IN FASERVERBUNDWERKSTOFFEN", MELLIAND TEXTILBERICHTE, INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE REPORTS,DE,MELLIAND TEXTILBERICHTE K.G. HEIDELBERG, VOL. 70, NR. 2, PAGE(S) 109-112, ISSN: 0341-0781, XP000026288 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1512784A1 (de) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-03-09 | Karl Mayer Malimo Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vorlegen und Fixieren von bandförmigen Filamentscharen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1112400B1 (de) | 2002-09-04 |
EP1112400A1 (de) | 2001-07-04 |
US6668596B1 (en) | 2003-12-30 |
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