WO1994018826A1

WO1994018826A1 - Bait and/or feeding material for catching and/or alimentation of aquatic animals, process for preparing the bait and/or feeding material and holder device for delivering into water

Info

Publication number: WO1994018826A1
Application number: PCT/HU1993/000081
Authority: WO
Inventors: Zoltán PAPP
Original assignee: Papp Zoltan
Priority date: 1993-02-17
Filing date: 1993-12-28
Publication date: 1994-09-01
Also published as: HU210292B; HU9300429D0; AU5890894A

Abstract

This invention relates to a bait useful for catching and/or feeding fishes and other aquatic animals, particularly to angling bait, as well as a holder device for delivering the bait into water and retain it therein. The angling bait according to the invention or the fry-breeding food, respectively are created by a mixture transformed to a body containing solid granular, preferably powder-like basic material, optionally binding material as well as additives. It is characteristic of this mixture that it contains also a material useful to burst the body, to distribute it as a cloud in the water and to induce effervescence on contracting with water. The bait is in general prepared from the mixture by extrusion-granulation to obtain a body form. The bait cartridge (1) is not fermented, does not become acidic and does not result in contaminations during delivery.

Description

Bait and/or Feeding Material for Catching and/or Alimentation of Aquatic Animals, Process for Preparing the Bait and/or Feeding Material and Holder Device for Delivering into Water.

This invention relates to a bait useful for catching fishes and other aquatic animals, particular¬ ly to angling bait, to the preparation thereof as well as a holder device suitable to deliver (apply) the bait into and retain it in water.

Sport angling is an activity worldwide mobilizing more and more people, providing an active repose and becoming more and more popular. Conclu¬ sively, the most various angling device and tackles as well as a great assortment of bait types have been developed and become a known demand in the commerce.

According to the nature of fishes desired to catch, tackles and methods aimed to the angling of peaceful and predacious, respectively fishes are commonly distinguished. Local endowments (e.g. lake, slow, muddy flow or a running creek with pure water and the like) as well as customs, tradi¬ tions and other factors decide the place, time and arts of angling coming to the limelight. Thus, in Hungary the major part of more hundred thousands of anglers angle for the most part peaceful fishes, mainly carp, furthermore bream and crucian.

Angling is an activity accompanied by repose. withdrawing (getting away) and entertainment with a fundamental condition of the successful catching of fishes. In the case of peaceful fishes, e.g. carp, it is highly important to allure and transi¬ torily retain the fishes close to the angle since the chance of catching suddenly increases in this way. In order to achieve this aim and according to the practice up to the present, the anglers apply (deliver) a great mass or organic feeding material more or less enjoyed by such fishes to the area where they wish to angle peaceful fishes. Considering their nature, sorts, form and state, these show a wide range such as: raw, soaked, cooked seeds (maize, wheat, lupine) as a whole or in ground (milled) state (grits, meals); potato; scrapings; bread; eventually kitchen remains (wastes), slops and the like. The methods of delivery (application) into water of the feeding material are also various: e.g. pouring from a bucket onto the area of angling from a boat; throwing-in of kneaded balls; or shoot¬ ing such balls or seeds (maize) by a slingshot. Recently, it became widespread and popular to deliver (apply) into the water mainly maize grits-based or maize meal-based, mostly rye meal-containing masses and kneaded materials kneaded into feeding baskets and spirals. The feeding baskets are fastened to the end of the fishing line in a fixed form or between two line-tag similarly to the sliding- -lead devices.

It is easy to realize that these feeding methods are loaded by extremely severe disadvantages, of which the greatest problem is connected with the environmental pollution. Considering the great number of anglers and the frequency of anling acti¬ vity - of the anglers, the mass of materials used for feeding is such high and uncontrollable that they cannot disappear in the food chain of living waters; thus, the load of living waters by organic materials which is also otherwise too high, is further increased and a severe environmental pollution is induced. This led to the death of fishes in some cases in the past and caused indirect losses in the tourism. The problem is aggravated by that the materials to be fed are frequently putrid, zymotic (fermented), infected in the time of use and may contain toxic components, too since practi¬ cally no possibility of their control exists.

On using the angling method of feeding basket, it can be considered to be technically disadvanta¬ geous from the viewpoint of catching when the mass used is not sufficiently loose and consists of too large grains, does not suitably expand in water, particularly in standing water and does not exert a successful alluring effect which, of course, negatively influences the efficiency of angling. However, when the mass is too loose, a part thereof or the whole falls out of the basket during throwing- -in and will not be situated in the water space, i.e. close to the angle fitted with the bait, where it is intended by the angler.

In addition, the drawback of the traditional feeding angling cannot be neglected that the mass used to this purpose is so large that its withdrawal from animal keeping may cause a sensible loss of the national economy.

It is known that, in the most part, a pul- pified form or hardly cooked yolk is used for the be¬ ginning of feeding the fry in fish-breeding farms working with tempered water as well as industrial fish-breeding systems, fry-hatching and fry-propagat¬ ing plants. This food is daily several times given to the fry. However, this method is in several relations disadvantageous. Namely, on the one part the food is rather one-sided since it contains only small amounts, if any of vitamins as well as minerals and other important substances required to the development of fry. Furthermore, a detrimen¬ tal factor is the high work demand owing to the several daily feedings. Finally, a drawback consists therein that a relatively great part of the food portioned is collected as a residue on the bottom of the fry-breeding pool (and is not taken up e.g. by trout fry). This is uneconomical because of the loss of feeding material and its decomposition detrimentally influences the quality of water: a significant portion of the passive feeding heaps becomes a harmful sediment and therefore, the effi¬ ciency of utilization is decreased by the increase in decomposition products.

The present invention is aimed to provide an angling bait, the basic material of which is one of the traditional baits or a. mixture thereof enjoyed by the fishes; which, however, is capable to exert a much more effective alluring effect by using a small fraction of the usual feeding material doses in comparison to that achieved by the traditional feeding materials. Thus, the above- -discussed drawbacks of the angling methods known till now of peaceful fishes, substantially the environment-polluting consequences can be eliminated. An other aim of the invention is to provide a feeding material for fry-breeding systems, which can prac¬ tically completely be consumed by the fry and the composition of which (vitamins, minerals, medicines and the like) can be adjusted to the best values. Furthermore, the invention is aimed to provide an aid, a holder device being easy to store and handle for delivering the bait to the site of desti¬ nation and retaining it there during a certain period .

The invention is based on the recognition that, by mixing feeding materials, e.g. maize and/or other aromatizing substances commonly used till now for feeding fishes, or a mixture thereof, acting on the sense organs of peaceful fishes, in a state ground (milled) to the appropriate fineness, with the corresponding amount of a bursting-effervescent agent, preparing form-retaining bodies (tablets, cartridges) from the mixture e.g. by compression- -granulation and delivering such a body closed in a solid capsule as an aid (auxiliary device) suitably reticulated by openings, to the area selec¬ ted for angling, the effervescent material will be stretched in the water as a floating cloud of large volume in a sustained form during a period depending on the amount of the effervescent compo¬ nent. As a result, by delivering the bait in an amount forming a negligible fraction of the usual one, an essentially stronger alluring effect can be induced in comparison to any of the feeding methods known up to the present. It has furthermore been recognized that, on the basis of the same principle, fry food as well as feeding bait materials useful for angling with float (bob angling) can also be prepared and used with an excellent result.

Based on the above recognitions according to the invention, the aim was solved by using a bait and/or feeding material created by a mixture transformed to a body containing solid granular, preferably powder-like basic material, optionally a binding material. It is characteristic of this bait and/or feeding material that the mixture contain also (a) substance(s) suitable to burst the body and to disperse it in a cloud form in the water and to cause an effervescence when it is brought into contact with water. Usually, the bursting material is a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate with one or more solid-state acid(s), preferably a mixture of citric or tartaric acid suitably amount¬ ing to about 1.5 to 15 % by weight of the basic material, i.e. about 1 to 30?ό by weight of the total amount of the mixture. The selection of the ratio of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO,) to the acid(s) is obvious for one skilled in the art (e.g. in the knowledge of manufacturing data of efferves¬ cent vitamin tablets produced in the pharmaceutical industry); it may be e.g. in the range between 40 and 60?ό. It is of course that any other substance useful for bursting or combinations thereof may also be used in the bait or feeding material, res¬ pectively according to the invention, in addition to the mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and an acid, which becomes effervescent after being contacted with water. Such substances or combina¬ tions exert their effervescent-bursting effect essentially in the same way, i.e. through the contact with water. According to a preferred example (embodiment), the basic material of the bait and/or feeding material is a material of plant and/or animal origin, prefer¬ ably milled maize, fodder wheat, lupine, rye, soy, sorghum, hemp seed, peanut, coco; as well as alfalfa (lucerne) meal, fish meal, blood meal, powdered egg or a mixture of two or more materials listed above. The basic material may amount to about 40 to 90?ό by weight of the total quantity of the mixture. Suitably, the binding material of the bait is starch, lactose, honey, molasses, eventually a pulp of rye meal or a mixture of two or more above products; on the other hand, anise, vanilla, cinnamon (either in oily or crystalline form), clove, roasted peanut or a mixture of two or more of these products are conveniently employed as flavouring and/or atomatiz- ing agents. The binding material may be about 1 to 30?ό by weight, the flavouring and/or aromatizing agent about 0.2 % by weight of the total amount of the mixture. The mixture may furthermore contain: natural and/or artificial colouring agent(s) (dyes) as additive substances; a sliding substance, e.g. a stearate and/or talc as tabletting auxiliary ingredient; and flavouring additives such as milk powder, ethereal oil(s) or the like. The total amount of these is preferably not more than 6% by weight as calculated for the total weight of the mixture.

According to an other aspect of the invention, particularly the food mixture of fry additionally contains: plankton meal and/or meat meal and/or powdered egg; as well as an amount of not more than - % by weight of vegetable and/or animal oil; furthermore vitamin(s), mineral(s) and antioxidant(s), in an amount of at most 6% by weight (concerning the last three components).

Based on those said above, it is obvious that the mixture forming the basis of the bait and/or feeding material can be prepared from extremely much sorts of various products and the number of possible combinations is a multiple of the number of materials used. It should be emphasized that there is not indispensably required to use materials defined as "binding materials" exerting an otherwise very favourable stabilizing effect on the shaped bait body and besides, favourably influencing the taste and flavour thereof by the sugar. Namely (as indicated above), among the powder-like substan¬ ces defined as "basic materials" essentially func¬ tioning as filling and skeletal materials, there are products acquiring under the effect of moisture adhesive-stabilizing properties similar to those of the usually viscous molasses, honey and the like mentioned as "binding materials". If the mixture is prepared only from dry, powdered (ground) basic materials, a suitably liquid, e.g. a polar solvent (except water) such as acetone, ethanol, glycerol and the like may be employed for the formulation. However, this is not indispensable since foods for feeding fish fry or feeding baits for angling with a float can be prepared also by dry extrusion- -granulation. In addition to its function as a flavouring additive in the mixture, milk powder promotes the formation of cloud and strenghtens the alluring effect. The above-mentioned fish meal and blood meal can successfully be used in the angling of rapacious fishes. In this case cod liver oil as flavouring/aromatizing ingredient may be added to the mixture.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the bait and/or feeding material, the particle (grain) size of the basic material is between 250 and 400 microns. The lower limit represents a fineness of a meal whereas the upper limit means the grain structure of grits.

The bait according to the invention can be prepared in several ways, e.g. granulation pro¬ cesses with various systems. In our opinion, the suitable process consists in the formation (formula¬ tion) of bodies under pressure from a mixture prepared by using a solid granular, preferably powder-like basic material. It is characteristic of this process that the components (ingredients) of the mixture, e.g. meal(s), milk powder and bursting material(s) are mixed together the mass obtained is at least once led through ascrew mill and through a sieve of at most 3 mm hole size, then pressed through an extruder and subsequently, the threads of material continuously leaving the extruder are cut (chopped) into pieces. When the mixture contains also wet components, it is suitable to mix together first the dry components and subsequently, to add the wet component ( s) , e.g. honey and/or talc, and/or molasses, oil or the like in several portions to the mixture under continuous stirring; the mass obtained is at least once led through a screw mill and a sieve of at most 3 mm hole size and subsequent¬ ly, pressed through an extruder; the thread of material continuously leaving the extruder is cut (chopped) into pieces and dried, if required. During 2 extrusion, a pressure of about 600 kp/cm occurs which is favourable both from energetical and technological points of view. Actually, tabletting methods and above all, extrusion-granulation methods are in general useful for preparing the bait according to the invention. The dry compression under a high

2 pressure (e.g. 5.0 ton/cm ) seems to be unreasonable for this product though its use cannot be excluded.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a holder device, useful to deliver (apply) the bait discussed above into water by the means of the angling tackle and to retain it there until end of the effervescence of the bait cartridge. The principle of this device consists therein that it possesses a house (casing) which can be opened and closed, has a wall broken through by one or. more opening(s) and an inner space suitable to receive the shaped bait cartridge; which house (casing) is developed for leading through and/or fastening a fishing line and preferably fitted with a ballast (throwing load). The form of the inner space of house (casing) actually functioning a pulverizing vessel fits well to the form of the cylindrical effervescent bait concentrate, i.e. bait cartridge prepared by compression; namely, the device formed to streamlined (rounded at its both ends) has a longish cylindrical house, in the wall of which longitudinal, suitably six slits preferably widening outwards from inside, are deve¬ loped which are distributed from another in distances according to the same arc length. One end of this house is shaped with an outer threaded part and a cap possessing an inner threaded part, screwable onto the above outer threaded part is provided to close the inner space of this house. A device of this kind can be used mainly for angling at bottom (bottom angling). Suitably, the inner width of the parts is 1.0 to 1.5 mm, the outer width is 3.0 to 4.0 mm. Also conveniently, a prolongation belongs to one end of the house (casing), to which the ballast is attached and fastened by an across hole shaped in its body; furthermore, across holes provid¬ ing the leading through of a fishing line, are shaped (developed) in the cap and in the area of the opposite and of the house, preferably in the prolongation.

Finally, it is characteristic of an other embodiment of the device that holes are shaped in the area of one end of the wall of the house;, these holes are preferably widening outwards and have an axis closing an acute angle with the longi¬ tudinal geometrical central axis of the house. This device is useful for angling with float because the openings thus shaped direct the bait cloud downwards, to the environment of the angle fitted with the bait on the end of the fishing line.

The invention will hereinafter be described in detail by the aid of the drawings enclosed, which contain a preferred embodiment (example) of the device provided for delivering the bait into water.

Figure 1 shows from side-view in closed, unfilled state an embodiment of the holder devi¬ ce useful for delivering the bait into water and retaining it there during the bottom angling;

Figure 2 shows in side-view a convenient form of the bait, i.e. bait cartridge in the device illustrated in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a section along the line signed as A_-_A in Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a section along the line signed as _-___ in Figure 3;

Figure 5 illustrates the holder device of Figure 1 from side-view in an open state while putting-in the bait cartridge according to Figure 2;

Figure 6 shows the closed state of the holder device according to Figure 3; the device is filled with the bal cartridge according to Figure 2;

Figure 7 indicates an embodiment for bottom ang¬ ling of the holder device according to the invention shown in Figure 6, which is useful for angling with float; the embodiment is illustrated in axial sec¬ tion, in a closed state filled with the bait cartridge.

The cigar-like holder device, which can be seen in Figures 1, 3 and 4 and is provided for receiving the cylindrical bait cartridge 4 (Figure 2) rounded at both ends, has a cylindrical house (cas¬ ing) 1 , a ballast 3 (throwing load) connected to one end thereof, as well as a cap (locking head) 2, which can be joined by the threaded connection 6 to the end opposite to ballast 3 of house 1. Thus, the closing or opening, respectively of the inner space of house 1 (vessel) become possible. (In Figure 5, the inner thread of cap 2 is signed by the reference number 2a, the outer thread of house 1 onto which cap 2 can be screwed on, is signed by the reference number 1a.) The threaded conjunction 6 results in a suitable safety of closing for the device against the loads occurring at the throwing-in. Of course, the load 3 may also create the cap 2.

In the tube-shaped wall 7 of house 1 , longi¬ tudinal slits 5 are present, which are parallel with the longitudinal geometrical central axis _ of the holder device. As it can particularly well be seen in Figure 4, in the case of the present embodiment (example) house 1 possesses six slits 5 distributed from another at the same side distances (measured on the arc, i.e. according to central angles of 30 each) .

The outer width s_- of these slits exceeds their inner width s_→ ; this means that the slits 5 are widening outwards. There is an across hole 8 in cap 2; similarly an across hole 10 is formed in the prolongation (shaft) 9 protruding from the end of house 1 opposite to the opening thereof, which can be closed by cap 2. The prolongation 9 is provided for fastening the body 11 of ballast 3 mentioned above. In the assembled (closed) state of the device, the holes 8 and 10 are in the longi¬ tudinal geometrical central axis _. There is an across hole 11a formed also in the body 11 of ballast 3: this hole 11a, which has a diameter agreeing or substantially agreeing with the outer diameter of prolongation (shaft) 9, falls into the longitudi¬ nal geometrical central axis _X- By the means of hole 11a the body 11 can be threaded onto shaft 9 and is fastened thereto by a frictional conjunction or can be fastened in an other way, e.g. by sticking (Figure 3) .

House 1 and cap 2 can be prepared from a solid, preferably elastic material, e.g. from poly¬ ethylene having a high impact and bending strength by injection moulding. The ballast (throwing load) 3 can be prepared from lead.

The method of filling the holder device with cartridge 4 is illustrated in Figure 5. The cartridge is introduced to the house 1 according to the arrow j<„, then the cap 2 is fitted to the threaded part 1a of house 1, turned away according to arrow y and thereby, it is moved downwards accord¬ ing to arrow k_→ until complete closing. The filled and closed state of the holder device are illustrated in Figure 6, where the fishing line 13 is also shown as signed by a dotted-drawn line together with the trigger 14 seating at hole 11a and with angle 15. In house 1, the fishing line 13 fits between cartridge 4 and the inner surface of wall 7 of house 1; however, since the wall cartridge loosely fits into house 1, the fishing line 13 has a free longitudinal movement in house 1 and otherwise, the volume of cartridge 4 immediately begins to decrease because of the effervescence after throwing in to the water. Due to the effervescence, the dissolved material of bait cartridge 4 is cloud- -likely distributed in the water through slits 5 of house 1 of the holder device (actually, the holder lies horizontally or substantially horizon¬ tally turned away by 90 in relation to the position according to Figure 6; and the outflow upwards from slits 5 of the aromatized, powder-like bait material lasts for a long time, even for 30 minutes depending on the amount of the effervescent compo¬ nent.

The holder device according to the invention may have e.g. the following sizes shown in Figures 3 and : _a = 13.5 mm; Jb = 16.0 mm; _ = 69.0 mm; d_ = 11.0 mm; c_ = 1.5 mm; s_ - 1.5 mm; s_→ = 3.5 mm. A holder device produced with the above sizes har¬ monizes also in its form with an exigent tackle of bottom angling; its air resistance is lowest; it provides the exact throwing (and does not beat the air as an overfilled feeding basket does); and it is simple and rapid to handle (fill). A bait cartridge placed in a holder device possessing the above-defined sizes (dimensions) and suitably filling the inner space thereof exerts its intense cloud-forming remote-bait effect continuously for about 30 minutes beside a lowest material demand. The weight of the cartridge is about 3.7 g.

In Figure 7 - where according to the sense, the identical structural parts are signed by the reference numbers previously used, a holder device provided for angling with float is shown. Here, the holder is between the float and angle, it is fastened to the fishing line (not shown) conclusively, according to the sense, its dimensions are substan¬ tially smaller than those given above for the bottom angling. In comparison to the holder device according to Figures 1 to 6, the device according to Figure 7 shows a difference also therein that no longitudinal slits but holes 12 are formed in the lower zone of the wall 7 of house 1 in such a manner that the holes are directed downwards (the holder device takes place in the water in the manner shown in Figure 7, i.e. vertically with the longitudinal geometrical central axis X_) therefore, after effer¬ vescence the cloud of bait material will float in the environment of the angle suspended under the device and exerts the strongest bait effect. The geometrical axis _y of holes 12 closes an acute angle o with the longitudinal geometrical central axis _X.- The holder device according to Figure 7 may be 20 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter with a weight of about 0.7 to 0.8 g.

After reaching the water, the bait cartridge situated in the house of the device with walls broken through by openings immediately begins to work. From the moving and floating mass of small particles flowing out through the openings (slits) as well as from the dissolved savouring, flavouring and aromatizing agents a highly effective bait cloud arises, which remains (is retained) for a long time, e.g. 30 minutes and attracts the fishes being in its environment. While seeking for a food source, the fishes rapidly find the angle(s) fitted with bait, lying or suspended next to the device. It should be noted that the cloud having a pile form at the beginning, is rapidly spread by the fishes collecting there, in this way the scope of attraction of the cloud is further increased. An eventual flow of the water results in a similar effect .

Hereinafter, the invention will be described in detail by non-limiting Examples relating to the process of preparing the bait cartridge and fry foods.

Example 1

A cylindrical bait cartridge is prepared according to the invention for a holder device

(see Figures 1 and 3 to 6) useful for bottom angling.

The basic mixture is prepared from the following components (ingredients):

Ingredients : g

Maize meal 20

Rye meal 10

Milk powder 10

Starch 60

Honey 10

Sodium hydrogen carbonate 5

Tartaric acid 5

Anise oil and colouring agent 0.1

Maize and rye meals work as filling and skeletal materials, milk powder functions as flavour¬ ing (seasoning) and cloud-forming agent in the mixture, whereas starch is partly a skeletal material and honey is a binding material; sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid are effervescent-bursting ingredients, anise oil is an aromatizing component increasing the efficiency of attraction. The cartridges are prepared by extrusion-granulation.

In the first step of the process, the dry ingredients listed above are mixed together, then the binding materials and aromatizing agent are added in small portions under continuous stirring to the powder mass obtained.

The material mass obtained is pressed by screw compression and pressed through a sieve series of small holes (of at most 3.0 mm hole size) (through a cutoff plate) (the hole size of the invidual sieves may be various and may be selected according to the given demand).

The material partly homogenized by stirring is further homogenized by using the operations described above, then granulated. In the case of the present Example, the granulate obtained is compressed to cylindrical cartridges of 10 mm in diameter, 40 mm in length and dried if required._^ The solidity of the final product is sufficient for packaging, delivery (transport) and use in the angling.

Example 2

A starting food useful for trout fry is prepared by using the process of the invention.

The basic mixture is prepared from the following ingredients:

Ingredients : g

Plankton meal 25

Fish meal 10

Meat meal (with a protein content of 5858) 10

Powdered egg 25

Extracted soy meal 10

Milk powder 2

Vegetable oil 2 c o n t

Additives (vitamins, mineral premixes and antioxidants) 5

Sodium hydrogen carbonate 5

Tartaric acid 5

The granulates are prepared by dry extrusion- -granulation known _i_n_ se_ from the above basic mixture: in comparison to Example 1, a difference exists therein that it is unnecessary to prepare shaped cartridges with exact sizes according to the holder device, the bodies (granulates) may appear even in the form of irregularly formed granules. (Simul¬ taneously, it is of course not excluded that the bodies prepared for feeding the fry have a completely regular geometric form as are the angling bait cartridges described above.)

The above listed components (ingredients) are mixed together and the mixture is homogenized by pressing through a screw press and a sieve series having small holes (of at most 3.0 to 0.5 mm hole size), then the material homogenized is subjected to dry extrusion. The continuously extruded rodlets are suitably cut to bodies suitably according to the rate of extrusion (by using any optional known method, e.g. rotary tool or a stamper) to shaped or amorphous granules and the mass of granules is dried. The solidity of the final product is sufficient for package, transport and feeding.

Example 3

A starting food is prepared for carp fry by using the process of the invention. The basic mixture is prepared from the following ingredients:

Ingredients : g

Plankton meal 20

Alfalfa meal 5

Fodder wheat meal 5

Extracted soy meal 5

Meat meal 15

Powdered egg 20

Sunflower oil 3

Additives (vitamins, minerals, antioxidants ) 5

Sodium hydrogen carbonate 5

Tartaric acid 5

The granulated feeding material is prepared by dry extrusion-granulation from the basic mixture as described in Example 2.

Example A

A granulated feeding material is prepared for angling with float (particularly for catching carp) by using the process of the invention. For preparing the basic mixture the following ingredients (similar to those used in Example 1) are suggested:

Ingredients : g

Lupine grist 20

Fodder wheat meal 20

Extracted soy grits 20

Maize meal 20

Rye meal 20

Meat meal 10

Milk powder 15

Starch 10

Dextrin honey 10

Lactose 5

Sodium hydrogen carbonate 7

Tartaric acid 7

Crystalline vanillin 0.2 In the first step the dry ingredients are mixed together and then, the liquid or wet materials (honey, starch, oil) are added in little portions to the powder mass under continuous stirring. The mass obtained is homogenized as described in Example 1 and granulated to the particle size desired by extrusion-granulation according to Example 1 or, if desired, subsequently compressed to a body. The amorphous or shaped granulate has to be applied, where the angler throws in the float.

The most important advantageous effects provided by the invention may be summarized as follows.

We think to be one of the important advantages of the invention that, due to the use of the bait, the amount or organic materials coming into the living waters during the angling at present, can be diminished, a fact bearing a very high importance from the viewpoint of environmental protection. Simultaneously, the large amounts of feeding materials inutilized for angling can be utilized in a way corresponding to their originally intended purpose (animal keeping, food industry).

It means a great benefit for the angle that: no large amount of raw materials for prepara¬ tion of the mass should be carried; no care has to be taken of working with the feeding mass, which is in several cases dirty and disgusting; and it is unnecessary to fill the feeding basket before each throwing-in. Bait cartridges correspond¬ ing to an amount of more buckets of a traditional feeding material can practically be carried with in a pocket, in an up-to-date vacuum package which, in addition to the assurance of favourable, easy and loss-free storage and transportation conditions, protects the product from external effects including the moisture content of air and provides the rapid and convient use: the tablet or bait cartridge can instantaneously be taken out and filled into the device during a few seconds. The bait cartridge is not fermented, does not become acidic and does not produce a sticky liquid during the transportation as do the feeding materials used at present.

Furthermore, the bait and holder device according to the invention show extraordinary advantages from the viewpoint of angling techniques.

In addition to that the floating bait could exerts o its effect directly in the environment of the angle(s), its efficiency is a multiple of thre traditional feeding from a basket since, due to their nature and situation in the water, the materials used there settle onto the bottom (passive feeding); whereas the floating clous continuously arising from the cartridge according to the invention and exerting an attracting "remote-bait" effect, results in the "feeding-in" of various water layers through its dynamical movement (active effect).

On a muddy or clastic sea bottom, where the feeding materials traditionally spread and feeding baskets frequently go down to the bottom and become partly or completely uneffective, the holder device, weighted on its one end, rocks out from the loose medium under effect of the bubbles flowing out of its inside, thus, the danger of stoping is diminished to the lowest level and the preferred

"tumbler" effect becomes merkedly valid. The holder device is simple and rapid to handle, the novel cartridge can rapidly be placed therein, the hands remain pure and the most suitable feeding material can be selected in every case. The filled holder device works as a useful throwing load, however, due to the effervescence, the tackle becomes more and more fine. "Phantom catchings" are excluded. No contaminations of the stages or boats, respectively occur as it occurs on applying the traditional feeding materials. Depending on its composition, the bait cartridge can be used in the same holder device both for angling of peaceful and rapacious fishes.

From the viewpoint of both the production engineering and efficiency of the catching, an extraordinarily preferable factor consists therein that the bait (attractive) material and the bait fitted to the angle may consist essentially of the same material, i.e. the feeding bait and the direct bait can be accorded and even completely be harmonized with another. The baits fitted to the angle have the form of small mill cakes, however their structure is suitably looser than that of the bait cartridge (they are prepared by using lower compressing pressure) and preferably contain less effervescent material than the "feeding" bait cartridge. Thus, while the effervescence of e.g. a bait cartridge from the holder device completely proceeds within 30 minutes, the slow disintegration of the angle bait starts on the surface but becomes continuously slower while an elastic inner core is formed which is retained on the angle for a long time. The floating movement in water of the separated material is similar to the behavious (movement) of small planktons and water-fleas, which stimulates the interesting of fishes to a higher grade than the passive (im¬ mobile) baits used at present. An advantage of the fry-breeding starting foods according to the invention appears therein that after reaching the water, they are disintegrated to particles with the desired sizes previously adjusted during the desired time? and these con¬ tinuously forming mobile particles develop a cloud of feeding material extending from the bottom up to the water surface. Thus, the continuous food uptake is provided even for the smallest fish fry at the desired site in the needed quantity. Since the composition of feeding material according to the invention can be adjusted or freely chosen (selected), respectively the best satisfaction of the most up-to-date demands against the foods of fry is provided since e.g. vitamins, minerals and medicines can be introduced to the food in such a way that, due to the homogenation used in the course of decomposition of the granulated material during the manufacture, each liberated floating particle possesses all favourable properties characteristic of the food. The disintegration of the food can be regulated in a wide time interval between a few minutes and one or two hours and during the period of disintegration a continuous and dinamically moving, partly foating cloud of feeding material is formed from the decomposing granulates, which is in a movement similar to that of zooplanktons and elicits a natural stimulus of alimentation of the fishes. Practically, a suitable food can be composed for the feeding of fry of any sort (a so-called target food, too by the concentrated use of vitamins, medicines and the like), in addition the particle (grain) size meant in the bursted form of the foods may be adjusted to the sizes of the given fishes. The granulated food retains its compactness during storage, delivery and utilization therefore, the separation and precipitation of granule (grain) fractions can be excluded and, due to the compactness, no active agents are dissolved from the granulates getting to the water before the desired time. The quantity of food intended for feeding can accurately be calculated according to the given demand therefore, the feeding by using it results in a nearly restless utilization. The work demand of the feeding operation is low. The granulated food retains its quality for a long time.

Finally, the production and commercial advantages of the present invention are believed to be important since all the bait cartridge and angle bait as well as the granulated feeding material and food and further, the holder device can be prepared by using an up-to-date technology of bulk manufacture and, being consumable supplies, their constant demand can be prognostized. The many varieties of the basic and supplementing (auxiliary) materials provides the putting of a broad spectrum of these products on the market in a pleasant and practical package, which can be sold even from automatic equipments. Thus, the commercial traffic results in a significant and sure profit for persons or organisms, respectively being engaged therein. The holder device can be fastened to the fishing line either in sliding or fixed variant.

Of course the invention is not limited to the process examples published or to the embodi¬ ments illustrated and explained of the holder device but it can be accomplished in various ways within the scope of protection defined by the claims. It should be noted that, although the bait has been discussed in connection of the angling of fishes, the bait can be used also for the fishing of other aquatic animals, e.g. crawfishes and the like in rivers and standing waters, sweet waters and seas. The opening and closing of the holder device can be solved not only by a cap with threaded conjunction but also by a locking element by a hinge-joint or bayonet-lock connection. The bait cartridge may be used alone, too and not only in a state placed in the holder device. There are many possibilities of variations in the relation to both the bait and feeding material, as well as the process and holder device without exceeding the scope of protection defined by the main claims.

Claims

C l a i m s

1. Bait and/or feeding material for catching and/or feeding aquatic animals, mainly fishes particularly angling bait or fry-breeding food created by a mixture transformed to a body contain¬ ing solid granular, preferably powder-like basic material, optionally binding material as well as additives (auxiliaries), c h a r a c t e r i z e d thereby that the mixture contains also a material being useful to burst the body, to distribute it as a cloud in the water and to induce effervescence on contacting with water.

2. A bait and/or feeding material as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d thereby that the bursting material is a mixture of sodiu.m hydrogen carbonate with one or more acid(s) prefer¬ ably citric and tartaric acid amounting to about 1 to 30 % by weight of the total weight of the mixture.

3. A bait and/or feeding material as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d thereby that the basic material thereof is an organic material of plant and/or. animal origin, preferably milled maize, fodder wheat, lupine, rye, soy, sorghum, hemp seed, peanut, coco; alfalfa meal, fish meal, blood meal, powdered egg or a mixture of two or more of these materials amounting to about 40 to 90 % by weight of the total weight of the mixture.

4. A bait and/or feeding material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d thereby that the binding material thereof is starch, lactose, honey, molasses, rye meal-pulp or a mixture of two or more thereof amounting to about 10 to 30 % by weight of the total weight of the mixture.

5. A bait and/or feeding material as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 4, c h a r a c t e ¬ r i z e d thereby that it contains anise, vanilla, cinnamon, clove, roasted peanut or a mixture of two or more thereof as additional flavouring and/or aromatizing agents in an oily and/or crystalline form in an amount of at most 0.2 % by weight.

6. A bait and/or feeding material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, c h a r a c t e r i z e d thereby that the mixture contains: native and/or artificial colouring agent(s) as additives; a sliding material such as a stearate and/or tal.c as tabletting auxiliaries; a flavouring additive such as milk powder; ethereal oil(s) and the like.

7. A bait and/or feeding material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, c h a r a c t e r i z e d thereby that the grain (particle) size of the basic material is between 250 and 450 microns.

8. A bait and/or feeding material as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 7, c h a r a c t e ¬ r i z e d thereby that the food mixture of fry contains plankton meal and/or meat meal and/or powdered egg as well as, in an amount of at most 4 % by weight oil(s) of plant and/or animal origin, furthermore vitamin(s), mineral(s), antioxidant(s) , the latter three components together in an amount of at most 6 % by weight.

9. Process for the preparation of a bait and/or feeding material, wherein a mixture prepared by using a solid granular, preferably powder- like basic material is transformed to a body under pressure, which c o m p r i s e s: mixing together the components of the mixture such as meal(s), milk powder and bursting material(s) ', leading the material mass obtained at least once through a screw mill and a sieve of at most 3 mm hole size; then pressing it through an extruder, cutting to pieces the material thread continuously leaving the extruder; and drying it, if required.

10. A process as claimed in claim 9, which c o m p r i s e s mixing together firstly the dry components, when the mixture contains also wet components, adding to the mixture obtained the wet components such as honey and/or starch and/or molasses, oil or the like in several portions while continuously stirring the material mass*, leading the mass obtained at least once through a sdcrew mill and a sieve of at most 3 mm hole size; pressing it through an extruder; cutting into pieces the material thread continuously leaving the extruder? and drying it, if required.

11. Holder device for delivering (applying) into water the bait and/or feeding material as claimed in any of claims 1 to 10, and retain it therein, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by an openable- closable house (1) possessing an inner space useful to receive a bait cartridge (4) having a wall (7) broken through by one or more opening(s), which is developed to a form useful for leading through and/or fastening a fishing line (13) and preferably provided with a ballast (3) (throwing load).

12. A holder device as claimed in claim 11, c h a r a c t e r i z e d thereby that it has a longish cylindrical house (1), in the wall (7) of which longitudinal, preferably six slits (5) widening preferably outwards from inside, distributed from another to distances measured by identical arc length, are present*, and one end of house (1) is developed with an outer threaded part (1a); and a cap (2) possessing an inner threated part (2a) screwable onto the above outer threated part (1a) is provided for closing the inner space of house (1 ) .

13. A holder device as claimed in claim 12, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by slits (5) of 1.0 to 1.5 mm inner width (s.) and 3.0 to 4.0 mm outer width (s₂).

14. A holder device as claimed in any of claims 11 to 13, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by a prolonga¬ tion (9) belonging to one end of the house (1) onto which the load (3) is attached and fastened by an across hole (12a) formed in its body (11).

15. A holder device as claimed in any of claims 11 to 14, c h a r a c t e r i z e d thereby that in the cap (2) and in the zone of the opposite end of house (1), preferably in the prolongation (9) thereof across holes (8,10) are formed which provide the leading through of a fishing line (13).

16. A holder device as claimed in any of claims 11, 14 or 15, c h a r a c t e r i z e d thereby that in the zone of one end of the wall (7) of house (1) holes (12) preferably widening outwards are formed with an axis (y) closing an acute angle ( < ■ ) with the longitudinal geometrical central axis (X).