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WO1991012485A1 - Procede et composition explosive de reduction de la surcharge de trous de forage - Google Patents

Procede et composition explosive de reduction de la surcharge de trous de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991012485A1
WO1991012485A1 PCT/CA1991/000051 CA9100051W WO9112485A1 WO 1991012485 A1 WO1991012485 A1 WO 1991012485A1 CA 9100051 W CA9100051 W CA 9100051W WO 9112485 A1 WO9112485 A1 WO 9112485A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosive composition
explosive
matrix
composition
emulsion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA1991/000051
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert H. Moffett
Mark A. Cherutti
Earl D. Reckzin
Gerald B. Ferweda
Original Assignee
Eti Explosives
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eti Explosives filed Critical Eti Explosives
Publication of WO1991012485A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991012485A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/001—Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres), absorbents for nitroglycerine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase

Definitions

  • This invention relates to emulsion explosive compositions.
  • this invention relates to a method for reducing the overloading of a borehole and an explosive composition to be used pursuant to this method.
  • an emulsion explosive composition may be pre-packaged.
  • the explosive may be manufactured at a fixed location, such as an industrial plant, and then shipped to the site where it would be utilized.
  • the explosive composition may be mixed at a blasting site and packaged prior to loading into a borehole.
  • the explosive composition could be used in an unpackaged format. According to this alternative, the explosive composition would be mixed and the mixture then loaded directly into a borehole.
  • the emulsion explosive composition may be stored in a storage vessel for up to several months prior to being loaded into a borehole.
  • Emulsion explosive compositions may be mixed with other explosive compositions.
  • emulsion/ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO) blends have become popular.
  • ANFO emulsion/ammonium nitrate-fuel oil
  • the ANFO explosive composition is effectively water free and, when blended with an emulsion explosive, produces an explosive composition having increased energy.
  • One problem with emulsion explosive compositions is that they are a fluid mass. On application of sufficient pressure, the emulsion will flow.
  • the flowability of emulsion explosive compositions facilitates the manufacturing of, the transportation of and the loading of emulsion explosive compositions into boreholes.
  • the explosive compositions are to be used in a rock formation which is fractured or otherwise porous to the emulsion explosive composition, then much of the explosive will tend to flow into the fractures and other defects in the rock formation.
  • the overloading will typically be in the range from about 1 to about 8 percent.
  • the overloading may be as much as 25 percent. This would mean that, in order to properly load a borehole, an additional 25 percent of the explosive composition would have to be loaded into a borehole. This substantially increases the cost of the emulsion explosive composition to the site owner. It would be advantageous if such overloading could be avoided.
  • Prepackaged explosives are more expensive due to the additional time and expense involved in packaging the explosives.
  • the explosive will not couple a borehole as efficiently as the unpackaged explosive.
  • United States Patent No. . 3,447,978 discloses an emulsion explosive composition comprising an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate, a carbonaceous fuel, occluded gas and a water-in-oil emulsifying agent.
  • the carbonaceous fuel is sufficiently viscous such that the occluded gas is held in the emulsion at a temperature of 70°F.
  • a wax component is added to the carbonaceous fuel component.
  • the emulsion composition is formed at elevated temperatures and cooled prior to use.
  • non-volatile, water-insoluble polymeric or elastomeric materials of "the group consisting of natural rubber, synthetic rubber and polyisobutylene may be included in the carbonaceous fuel to modify the wax component of the emulsion explosive composition.
  • the carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase of emulsion explosive compositions, much attention has been focused on thickening the fuel component.
  • wax technology such as that described in United States Patent No. 3,447,978, the waif is added to the carbonaceous fuel prior to the emulsification.
  • the presence of the wax in the carbonaceous fuel causes the continuous phase of the emulsion explosive composition to thicken. After processing when the emulsion explosive composition has cooled, t,he explosive composition is thicker and will maintain the occluded gas in the emulsion for extended periods of time.
  • Storage stability has been used in the past to refer to various different properties of an explosive.
  • an explosive composition which comprises at least in part ANFO may include a component to make it water resistant so that, when the explosive composition is placed in a damp environment, the ammonium nitrate particles in the explosive will not become wet and lose their integrity.
  • Storage stability can also refer to increasing ⁇ the shelf life of an explosive by decreasing the deterioration of the air gap sensitivity or the phase separation of an emulsion composition. By way of example of decreasing the deterioration of the air gap sensitivity.
  • 4,548,660 discloses an emulsion explosive composition
  • an emulsion explosive composition comprising an aqueous oxidizer ' solution, an oily material, an emulsifier and hollow microspheres.
  • the oily material forms the continuous phase of the emulsion.
  • This phase comprises an oil component and at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polybutene, polyisobutylene, petroleum resin, butadiene resin and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • United States Patent No. 4,602,970 discloses a method to retard the phase separation of an emulsion explosive composition. As disclosed in this patent, a polymerizing reaction is effected after the emulsification to bind the molecules of the emulsifier chemically to each other.
  • United Kingdom Patent Application No. 2,206,574A also discloses a method of increasing the shelf life of an emulsion explosive composition.
  • insoluble particulate bentonite is used to thicken or increase the viscosity of explosive compositions.
  • the bentonite is dispersed throughout the emulsion without being dissolved in either the continuous or the discontinuous phases and without causing crystallization. This dispersion produces increased viscosity and rigidity which in turn provides higher gas bubble retention and, accordingly, longer shelf life.
  • the latter patent discloses an explosive composition comprising a particulate inorganic oxidizer salt, an aqueous oxidizer salt solution, a setting agent and a polymeric organic latex. The latex is added to increase the strength of the set explosive composition.
  • United States Patent No. 4,391,659 discloses a further method of stabilizing an emulsion explosive composition. The method comprises adding to-the emulsion, or replacing at least a part of the fuel component in the emulsion with, an aqueous dispersion of a polymer. The emulsification occurs subsequent to the addition of the dispersion. The method produces an emulsion explosive composition having improved low temperature storage stability.
  • the polymers which are utilized are those which have low glass transition temperatures. These polymers act to retard coalescence and enhance stability of the emulsion explosive composition. The polymer is added to the composition prior to emulsification. Upon emulsification, the polymer remains in the continuous phase. Elastomeric materials have been utilized in other areas of the explosives art.
  • United States patent No. 4,736,683 discloses an ANFO composition which also contains a carbonaceous fuel soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of (1) polymers characterized by an h/c value of at least about 1, and (2) polymers characterized by an h/c value of less than 1 and a viscosity average molecular weight of at least about 90,000.
  • Such polymers may include styrene-butadienes, polybutadiene and natural rubber. These compositions are added to the ANFO explosive to improve the oil retention of the carbonaceous fuel on the ammonium nitrate prills.
  • United States Patent No. 4,412,875 discloses the use of specific polybutadienes to improve the fluidity of an uncured propellant slurry.
  • United States Patent No. 2,537,039 discloses the use of a petroleum-soluble elastomeric gelling agent for use in dynamite compositions.
  • Latex and other polymeric materials have been incorporated in the past in slurry explosive compositions.
  • United States Patent No. 3,355,336 discloses water-bearing explosives thickened with the combination of a cross-linked galactomannan and polyacrylamide.
  • United States Patent No. 4,404,051 discloses polymetric material comprising at least four polymeric constituents for use as components of water bearing systems which are in the form of gels or suspensions.
  • United States Patent No. 3,919,016 discloses a process for thickening hydrocarbon oil slurries of ammonium nitrate.
  • a latex containing a polymer selected from the group consisting of cis-l-4-polyisoprene and polyisobutylene is added to a hydrocarbon oil slurry of ammonium nitrate.
  • An oil ' soluble surfactant having a high hydrophile-lipophile balance value is added to the composition to invert the latex.
  • the polymer contained within the latex is solubilized by this addition thus thickening the slurry.
  • Emulsion explosive compositions comprise two phases, namely, a discontinuous phase and a continuous phase.
  • explosive composition is highly plastic, the weight of the explosive will tend to cause the explosive composition to flow into fractures and other defects in a rock formation. Further, if the explosive was thickened to such an extent that it was pla,sticized and would not flow into the fractures and defects in the rock formation under its own weight, then the benefits of a free-flowing, pumpable explosive would be lost.
  • an explosive composition comprising a blend of an emulsion explosive composition and a matrix-forming agent.
  • the matrix-forming agent is added subsequent to the formation of the emulsion explosive composition.
  • an explosive composition is provided comprising a blend of an emulsion explosive composition and a matrix- forming agent.
  • the emulsion explosive composition comprises a liquid carbonaceous fuel having components which form a continuous emulsion phase; an aqueous solution of an inorganic oxidizing salt which forms a discontinuous emulsion phase dispersed within the continuous phase; and, an emulsifying agent for emulsifying the continuous and discontinuous phases.
  • the matrix-forming agent is present in the explosive composition substantial other than in dissolved form in said continuous or said discontinuous phases.
  • a method for preparing an explosive composition comprising the steps of (a) providing a water-in-oil emulsion composition; and (b) adding a matrix-forming amount of a matrix-forming agent to said water-in-oil explosive composition.
  • a method for reducing overloading of an explosive composition in a borehole is provided.
  • This method comprises the steps of (a) providing a water-in- oil emulsion explosive composition; (b) adding a matrix- forming amount of a matrix-forming agent to said water- in-oil emulsion explosive; (c) introducing said matrix- forming agent into said water-in-oil emulsion composition while loading said explosive composition into a borehole.
  • an emulsion explosive composition is provided which comprises as its discontinuous phase an oxidizer salt-containing component, and as its continuous phase a fuel component which is immiscible with the discontinuous phase.
  • the explosive composition also comprises a matrix-forming agent which may be an elastomer.
  • the elastomer is a natural or synthetic rubber.
  • the rubber is in the form of a latex.
  • the latex is added subsequent to the emulsification and the addition of optional agents but prior to loading the explosive composition into the borehole.
  • the latex coagulates and binds the explosive composition together as a cohesive whole.
  • the latex does not become part of the continuous or discontinuous phases but forms a fibrous network which provides internal strength to the explosive and binds it together. This is a visible network of string like fibres which are distributed throughout the explosive composition.
  • the resultant composition acts as a semi- plastic mass and not a fluid* mass.
  • the compositions which form such a network will be referred to as "matrix-forming agents”.
  • a matrix-forming amount of the matrix-forming agent is added to the explosive 'Composition.
  • the matrix- forming a,gent may be present in the amount of at least about 0.1 weight percent based upon the weight of the base emulsion. Preferably, from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of the matrix-forming agent is present and, more preferably, the explosive composition comprises from about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent matrix-forming agent.
  • the exact amount of matrix-forming agent which may be utilized will depend upon the degree of overloading which must be reduced. This will in turn depend upon a number of factors including the degree of fracture in the rock formation, the temperature at which the explosive is being used, and the amount of pressure -being exerted on the product. If the matrix-forming agent is a latex which is being used at a temperature below the freezing point of water in the latex, then water extenders such as ethylene glycol may be added so that the latex will remain in a liquid form at lower temperatures.
  • the emulsion explosive composition may be blended with other explosives known in the art prior to the addition of the matrix- forming agent.
  • the emulsion explosive composition may be blended with AN, ANFO, or a water gel explosive.
  • the emulsion explosive composition is blended with AN or ANFO. Due to the matrix which is formed upon addition of the matrix- forming agent, it is preferred that any such blending occurs prior to the addition of the matrix-forming agent.
  • the explosive compositions containing a matrix-forming agent may be beneficially used in a pre-packaged form or, in addition, in a mine or other environment where the explosive may be loaded into overhead or horizontally drilled boreholes. In such cases, an increased amount of matrix-forming agent may be required .to insure that the explosive remains in the borehole subsequent to loading but prior • to being detonated.
  • the preparation of the explosive composition is simplified. It is not necessary to add a thickening agent in addition to the emulsification agent to the emulsion composition. Thus, the emulsion is of a lower viscosity and is easier to prepare and handle. Further, other components such as ANFO may be added to the emulsion explosive composition prior to the addition of the matrix-forming agent. According to this alternate embodiment, the explosive composition blend is prepared prior to the formation of the matrix within the explosive composition. The late addition of the matrix-forming agent facilitates the preparation of a blend explosive since, prior to the addition of the matrix-forming agent, the explosive composition has increased pumpability and flowability.
  • the emulsion explosive composition according to the instant invention may be made from an emulsion explosive composition as known in the art.
  • Emulsion explosive compositions which may be employed pursuant to the instant invention include those disclosed in United States Patent Nos. 4,357,184; 3,161,551; 4,555,278; 4,420,349; 4,404,050; 4,619,721; 4,111,727 and 3,447,978 and United Kingdom Patent No. 1,306,546.
  • Oils and aqueous inorganic oxidizing salts solutions known to the emulsion explosive art may be employed in preparing the emulsion portion (the base emulsion) of the emulsion explosive compositions of the present invention.
  • the inorganic oxidizing salt which is present in the emulsion's aqueous phase will be an ammonium, alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal nitrate or perchlorate.
  • the inorganic oxidizer salt is ammonium nitrate which is used alone or in combination with one or more addition oxidizer salts.
  • up to about 50 percent calcium nitrate or sodium nitrate may be added to the ammonium nitrate.
  • the amount of inorganic salt present in the base emulsion composition may vary within wide limits depending upon the amount and type of sensitizer which is present and the degree of stability required.
  • the inorganic oxidizing salt used in the preparation of the emulsion may comprise from about 40 to about 80 weight percent oxidizing salt (based upon the weight of the emulsion) .
  • the emulsion will contain from about 50 weight percent to about 90 weight percent oxidizer salt and, more preferably, the emulsion will contain about 75 weight percent oxidizer salt.
  • the use of higher amounts of inorganic oxidizer salts which lower the water content and increase the energy of explosive compositions may be used when it is desired to enhance the overall performance on an explosive composition.
  • the emulsion may be made according to any method which is known in the art, it is preferable to prepare the emulsion from an aqueous solution of the inorganic oxidizer salt.
  • the inorganic oxidizer salt solution may have a strength of from about 50 to about 95 percent and, preferably, it may have a strength of about 80 percent AN.
  • the water content of the .emulsion explosive composition may range from about 4 to about 25 weight percent, and preferably, from about 12 to about 18 weight percent. The exact amount of water which is present in the emulsion explosive composition will vary depending upon the required sensitivity, energy, stability and cost of the explosive composition. These factors are determined by the specific use for which the explosive will be employed.
  • Suitable oils for use in the carbonaceous fuel phase of the emulsion explosive composition include fuel oils, lube oils of heavy aromatic, naphthenic or paraffinic stock, mineral oils, dewaxed oils and other oils which are generally known in the art.
  • the oil content of the emulsion may be sufficient to provide a substantially oxygen-balanced emulsion.
  • the oil content of the emulsion explosive composition may contain excess oil (and be oxidizer-deficient) .
  • the benefits which may be derived from using such a "high oil" emulsion are described in the aforementioned United States Patent No. 4,555,278.
  • the oil may be present from about 3 to about 21 weight percent, more preferably from about 3 to about 12 weight percent and, most preferable, from about 4 to about 7 weight percent (based on the weight of the base emulsion) .
  • the explosive composition is to be an emulsion/ammonium nitrate (AN) blend explosive composition
  • the emulsion may contain 12 weight percent or more oil.
  • the AN prills do not need to be mixed with oil prior to their addition to the explosive composition.
  • the emulsion explosive composition may be sensitized so that it may be detonated by means customarily used to initiate explosives.
  • the sensitization may be accomplished by any convenient manner known in the art #
  • the pre-blended emulsion may have dispersed gas bubbles incorporated therein in the form of gas entraining agents such as glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres, perlite, phenol-formaldehyde microspheres, polystyrene beads, AN prills and other low density bulking agents.
  • a chemical foaming agent such as peroxide, calcium carbonate with nitric acid, sodium nitrate with nitric acid and thiourea with sodium nitrite may be incorporated into the emulsion.
  • Air may also be incorporated into the emulsi ⁇ n by means of a mechanical foaming system such as • air injection.
  • chemical sensitizers such as nitrates (including monomethylamine nitrate), trinitrotoluene, ethylene glycol dinitrate perchlorates, light metals including aluminium and magnesium, etc. may be incorporated into the emulsion.
  • any emulsifier known in the prior art may be utilized to prepare an emulsion blend explosive.
  • Some of the aforementioned patents disclose various types of emulsifiers for use in particular conditions.
  • the emulsifier which is used in the present invention may be any of those known to the art and is to be selected in order to meet various parameters for the emulsion explosive composition including the long term storage- stability of the explosive composition, the temperature at which the emulsion is to be stored prior to blend formulation and detonation.
  • the emulsifying agent is an anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactant.
  • the emulsifying agent is a nonionic surfactant.
  • the nonionic surfactant may be any of those known to the art but preferably is' one or more of sorbitan mono-oleate, sesquioleate, mono-and/or di- glycerides and sorbitan trioleate.
  • the emulsifying agent is sorbitan mono-oleate.
  • the surfactant may be made in situ. A suitable system for use in such cases in linoleic acid and/or oleic acid and sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide.
  • the amount of emulsifying agent which is to be used may vary between fairly broad ranges depending upon the emulsifier which is selected the local conditions under which the emulsion explosive composition is to be formulated and used. Generally, the emulsifying agent may be present from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent, more preferably from about 1 to about 4 weight percent and, most preferably, from about 1.5 to about 2.5 weight percent (based upon the weight of the base emulsion) .
  • the emulsion may also include various other additives which are standard in the art including energy enhancers known in the art including aluminum, magnesium and silicon.
  • the emulsion explosive is prepared by any convenient means. Subsequently, a matrix-forming amount of a matrix-forming agent is added to the base emulsion composition.
  • the matrix-forming material is an agent which, when added to the emulsion composition, forms a matrix which retains the emulsion as a cohesive whole. As mentioned above, without being limited in any manner whatsoever, it appears that the matrix-forming agent coagulates upon addition to the explosive composition to form a fibrous network which holds or binds the emulsion composition together. The matrix-forming agent accordingly is not solubilized in either the continuous or the discontinuous phases of the emulsion.
  • the matrix-forming agent is not in a dissolved form in either the discontinuous phase or the continuous phase of the emulsion but exists separate and apart therefrom.
  • the matrix-forming agent may be an elastomer and preferably a rubber compound.
  • the matrix-forming agent may be either synthetic or natural.
  • the matrix-forming agent is a naturally occurring compound.
  • the matrix-forming agent is present in the form of a latex. Suitable matrix-forming agents which may be utilized pursuant to this invention include polyisoprene.
  • the latex may be a high or low ammonia content latex.
  • the latex has a high ammonia content for latex stability.
  • At least 0.1 weight percent latex (based upon the weight of the base emulsion) is utilized. More preferably, 0.1-10 weight percent matrix-forming agent is utilized and, most preferably, 0.5-3 weight percent matrix-forming agent is utilized.
  • the amount of matrix-forming agent which is utilized increases, the rate of thickening increases and, in addition, the amount of thickening which is achieved also increases. Accordingly, the amount of matrix-forming agent which is selected should be based upon the degree of thickening which is required. If too much matrix-forming agent is added, then a composition will be obtained which is not easily workable. In addition, it is envisioned that in some cases it may be desirable to use latex emulsion explosive compositions pursuant to this invention in conjunction with other thickening agents known in the past. In such a case, the base emulsion would be more viscous and a decreased amount of matrix-forming agent would be required.
  • the amount of matrix- forming agent which is selected should be that which is required to obtain the desired reduction in overloading. If the rock formation is less fractured, then a lesser amount of matrix-forming agent would be required. However, if the emulsion explosive composition is to be used in a borehole which has been drilled in a manner other than substantially vertically downwards (such as a borehole which has been drilled upwards) then larger amounts of matrix-forming agent would be required so that the emulsion explosive composition would remain in the borehole after loading. If significant quantities of organic matrix-forming agent are utilized, then the matrix-forming agent would provide a carbonaceous fuel source of material for the emulsion explosive composition. In such cases, the oxygen, balance would have to include the organic matrix-forming agent.
  • the matrix-forming agent may be mixed with the
  • •explosive composition in any manner known in the art.
  • it ' is advantageous to mix the matrix-forming agent and the explosive composition while the explosive is being loaded into a borehole. This may be accomplished by using concentric pipes. In this manner, the explosive composition and the matrix-forming agent may be pumped while they are in a fluid state. Subsequent to the mixing of the two components by means of the concentric pipes, the explosive composition will thicken while it may in fact be in the borehole.
  • Emulsion explosive compositions including latex may be utilized at any temperature currently used in the industry and may in fact be used at temperatures as low as -30 °C. However, if a matrix-forming agent containing water, such as a latex, is to be added to the emulsion explosive composition at a temperature below the freezing point of water, then water extenders such as ethylene glycol which act to lower the freezing point of the water in the matrix-forming agent should be incorporated in the matrix-forming agent.
  • a matrix-forming agent containing water such as a latex
  • the pH of the emulsion explosive composition is adjusted to a level at which the matrix-forming agent will coagulate and form a matrix to retain the emulsion explosive composition as a cohesive whole.
  • a latex will coagulate in the presence of an acid, solvent or metal salts.
  • the emulsion will tend to have a slightly acidic pH such as 4-7. In such cases, the latex will coagulate when it is added to the emulsion explosive composition.
  • an anionic surfactant is utilized, then the emulsion will tend to have a pH which is basic.
  • an acid may be added to the emulsion explosive composition to decrease the pH of the emulsion to a range whereat the latex will coagulate.
  • Weak acids such as acetic acid and formic acid may be added to the emulsion explosive composition to obtain an emulsion explosive composition having a weak pH.
  • the explosive composition may be an emulsion/AN blend or an emulsion/ANFO blend explosive composition.
  • the emulsion may also be blended with a water gel explosive.
  • the emulsion explosive composition would be prepared.
  • the AN, ANFO or water gel explosive may then be added to the prepared emulsion composition.
  • the matrix-forming agent may be added. In this manner, the explosive composition is maintained in a more workable form for a greater period of time.
  • a base emulsion was prepared by blending 93.3 weight percent AN liquor (82 percent strength), 1.5 weight percent sorbitan mono-oleate and 5.2 weight percent stove oil. The emulsion was prepared in a turbine mixer.
  • Sorbitan mono-oleate was pre-mixed with the stove oil and added to the mixer. Subsequently, the AN liquor was added to the mixer and the ingredients were blended for 8 minutes. Finally, the base emulsion was removed from the mixer and the pH, viscosity, temperature and density were recorded.
  • the base emulsion prepared in this manner had a density of 1.35 g/cc, a viscosity of 400,000 cps and pH of 4.9.
  • a mixture of about 30 weight percent glycol and about 70 weight percent natural latex was prepared.
  • the natural latex was a dispersion of 60-62 weight percent polyisoprene in 38-40 weight percent water. 1.5 weight percent of this mixture was added to the base emulsion of
  • Example 1 and blended for 8 seconds. A thickened emulsion explosive composition was obtained.
  • EXAMPLE 3 The natural latex, without the glycol used in Example 1 and the natural latex/glycol mixture of Example 2 were stored in a freezer at -25°C for 2 weeks. After 24 hours, the natural latex without the glycol had hardened. However, the natural latex/glycol mixture of Example 2 was still in a liquid form even after 2 weeks.
  • ANFO composition 20 Kg ANFO composition was prepared by mixing together AN prills and diesel oil in a ratio of 94:6.
  • This mixture was mixed in a cement mixer for two minutes.
  • the blend explosive composition was pumped through a piston pump at a density to 1.25 g/cc. 750
  • the blend explosive was loaded into a. standard schedule 40 mild steel pipe 10.0 centimetres in diameter and 76 centimetres in length. One end of the pipe was covered with a plastic top prior to the explosive being loaded into the pipe. The pipe was tapped as it was filled to allow the sample to settle and fill the volume of the pipe. A one pound TROJAN* cast primer was placed into the explosive at the open end of the pipe. The pipe had three holes drilled into it in a linear fashion. Each hole was 5 centimetres apart from the proceeding hole. The target wire was red through each hole and placed within the explosive.
  • the explosive was detonated and the velocity of the detonation was recorded using a calibrated oscilloscope.
  • the velocity of detonation as measured between the first and second target wires was 4703 m/s and the velocity of detonation between the second and third target wires was 5291 m/s.
  • Example 5 The procedure of Example 4 was repeated with the exception that 1500 grams of the 70/30 natural latex/glycol mixture was added to the emulsion blend explosive composition. In addition, the explosive was loaded into a standard schedule 40 mild steel pipe 15 centimetres diameter and 76 centimetres in length. The velocity of detonation measured between the first and second target wires and the second and third target wires was 4535- m/s.
  • EXAMPLE 6 13.333 kg of ANFO was prepared by mixing together ammonium nitrate prills and diesel oil in a ratio of 94:6. This mixture was mixed in a cement mixer for two minutes. At the end of this time, 20.0 kg of the base emulsion prepared according to Example 1 was added to the cement mixture and the composition was mixed until a composition having uniform consistency was obtained.
  • the emulsion/ANFO blend explosive composition had a density of 1.35 g/cc and a pH of 5.3.
  • the blend explosive was loaded into a plexiglass tube.
  • the plexiglass tube had an inner diameter of 16.50 cm and a length of 135.0 cm.
  • the plexiglass tube was 0.635 cm thick, and the bottom of the tube was sealed off.
  • FrVe holes were made in the plexiglass tube approximately 20 cm from the bottom of the tube. These holes were placed equidistantly around the circumference of the tube. A second row of 5 equidistantly spaced holes were made 5 cm below the first row of holes. The third row of equidistantly spaced holes was similarly made 5 cm below the second row of holes. In total, the plexiglass tube had fifteen holes each having a diameter of 1.75 cm.
  • the blend explosive composition was loaded into the plexiglass tube.
  • the tube was lightly tapped as the explosive was added to the tube to eliminate any air pockets that may be present.
  • the bottom of the tube was then placed in a pail.
  • a stop watch was started when the first rubber stopper was removed. All fifteen rubber stoppers were removed and, after 60 seconds, approximately 14.6 kg of the blend explosive composition had collected in the pail.
  • Example 2 Five hundred grams of the 70/30 natural latex/glycol composition of Example 2 was added to the emulsion/ANFO blend explosive composition prepared according to this Example and the composition was mixed to obtain a uniform consistency. This explosive composition was placed in the plexiglass tube as described above. Once again, the blend explosive composition was lightly tamped to eliminate any-air pockets that may exist in the tube. Once again, the stop watch timer was started 5 when the first rubber stopper was removed from the plexiglass tube. ' All fifteen rubber stoppers were removed. After sixty seconds, approximately 26.0 g of the blend explosive composition had collected in the pail.
  • the composition in the cement mixer was mixed until a composition having a uniform consistency was obtained.
  • the emulsion/ANFO blend explosive composition had a density of 1.35 g/cc and a pH of 5.3.
  • the blend explosive composition was loaded into
  • Example 6 A nylon piston (16.5 cm in diameter) with an 0-ring disc was placed in the top of the plexiglass tube and approximately 20.0 kg of weight was placed on the top of the nylon piston. The timer was
  • a base emulsion was prepared as follows. 3.7 weight percent linoleic acid and 5.2 weight percent stove oil were premixed and added to a turbine mixer. Subsequently, 89.5 weight percent of an AN liquor (82% strength) was added to the mixer. Subsequently, 1.6 weight percent of a mixture of 50:50 sodium hydroxide/water was added to the mixer. The ingredients were blended for 10 minutes. The base emulsion was removed from the mixer and cooled.
  • the pH, viscosity, temperature and density of the base emulsion were recorded.
  • the base emulsion had a density of 1.36 g/cc, a viscosity of 350,000 cps, a pH of 7.2 and a temperature of 31°C. 1.5 weight percent of a mixture of 70/30 natural latex/glycol was added to the base emulsion and blended for 15 seconds. After 15 seconds, a thickened emulsion explosive composition was obtained.
  • the emulsion had a fibrous network which was not as well defined as that of the explosive composition of Example 1.
  • ANFO 13.333 kg of ANFO was prepared by mixing together ammonium nitrate prills and diesel oil in a ratio of 94:6. This mixture was mixed in a cement mixer for two minutes. At the end of this time, 20.0 kg of the base emulsion prepared according to Example 8 was added to the cement mixer and the composition was mixed until a mixture having a uniform consistency was obtained.
  • the emulsion/ANFO blend explosive composition had a density of 1.35 g/cc and a pH of 7.6.
  • the blend explosive composition was loaded according the method of Example 6 into the plexiglass tube of Example 6.
  • the timer was started when the first rubber stopper was removed. All fifteen rubber stoppers were removed and, after 60 seconds, approximately 17.2 kg of the blend explosive composition had collected in the pail. Subsequently, 500 g of the 70/30 natural latex/glycol composition was added to the blend explosive composition prepared according to this Example. The blend explosive composition was then reloaded into the plexiglass tube and the rubber stoppers removed. After 60 seconds, approximately 2.5 kg of the blend explosive composition had collected in the pail.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

Un composition explosive comprend une émulsion explosive et une quantité efficace d'un agent générateur de matrice. L'agent générateur de matrice est ajouté après la formation de l'émulsion explosive mais avant l'introduction de l'émulsion explosive dans un trou de forage.
PCT/CA1991/000051 1990-02-16 1991-02-15 Procede et composition explosive de reduction de la surcharge de trous de forage WO1991012485A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB909003613A GB9003613D0 (en) 1990-02-16 1990-02-16 Method of reducing the overloading of a borehole and explosive composition used therefor
GB9003613.8 1990-02-16

Publications (1)

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WO1991012485A1 true WO1991012485A1 (fr) 1991-08-22

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PCT/CA1991/000051 WO1991012485A1 (fr) 1990-02-16 1991-02-15 Procede et composition explosive de reduction de la surcharge de trous de forage

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AU (1) AU7233891A (fr)
GB (1) GB9003613D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991012485A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA911145B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0621249A1 (fr) * 1993-04-14 1994-10-26 The Lubrizol Corporation Composition explosive réticulée en émulsion
CN110631442A (zh) * 2019-10-16 2019-12-31 陕西北方民爆集团有限公司 一种隧道光面爆破自动化装药设备

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3791255A (en) * 1971-01-18 1974-02-12 Ici Australia Ltd Method of filling boreholes with viscous slurried explosives
GB1393859A (en) * 1972-05-03 1975-05-14 Ici Australia Ltd Explosives
US3894980A (en) * 1973-04-30 1975-07-15 Rohm & Haas Thickener
EP0055801A2 (fr) * 1980-12-24 1982-07-14 Röhm Gmbh Procédé d'épaississement de systèmes aqueux
EP0067520A2 (fr) * 1981-05-26 1982-12-22 Aeci Limited Explosif en forme d'émulsion et procédé de fabrication et stabilisation d'un tel explosif
EP0097030A2 (fr) * 1982-06-11 1983-12-28 Ici Australia Limited Composition explosive du type émulsion eau dans huile et son procédé de fabrication
EP0131355A2 (fr) * 1983-05-12 1985-01-16 Eti Explosives Technologies International Inc. Explosifs stables du type à émulsion comportant un nitrate d'ammonium et émulsion utilisée pour leur fabrication
EP0194774A1 (fr) * 1985-03-11 1986-09-17 Eti Explosives Procédé pour la production d'explosifs sous forme de suspensions aqueuses de particules solides à haute densité dans des trous de mines
EP0276934A2 (fr) * 1987-01-30 1988-08-03 Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited Composition explosive
WO1988009779A1 (fr) * 1987-06-04 1988-12-15 Exploweld Ab Materiau explosif elastique et resistant a l'eau

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3791255A (en) * 1971-01-18 1974-02-12 Ici Australia Ltd Method of filling boreholes with viscous slurried explosives
GB1393859A (en) * 1972-05-03 1975-05-14 Ici Australia Ltd Explosives
US3894980A (en) * 1973-04-30 1975-07-15 Rohm & Haas Thickener
EP0055801A2 (fr) * 1980-12-24 1982-07-14 Röhm Gmbh Procédé d'épaississement de systèmes aqueux
EP0067520A2 (fr) * 1981-05-26 1982-12-22 Aeci Limited Explosif en forme d'émulsion et procédé de fabrication et stabilisation d'un tel explosif
EP0097030A2 (fr) * 1982-06-11 1983-12-28 Ici Australia Limited Composition explosive du type émulsion eau dans huile et son procédé de fabrication
EP0131355A2 (fr) * 1983-05-12 1985-01-16 Eti Explosives Technologies International Inc. Explosifs stables du type à émulsion comportant un nitrate d'ammonium et émulsion utilisée pour leur fabrication
EP0194774A1 (fr) * 1985-03-11 1986-09-17 Eti Explosives Procédé pour la production d'explosifs sous forme de suspensions aqueuses de particules solides à haute densité dans des trous de mines
EP0276934A2 (fr) * 1987-01-30 1988-08-03 Ici Australia Operations Proprietary Limited Composition explosive
WO1988009779A1 (fr) * 1987-06-04 1988-12-15 Exploweld Ab Materiau explosif elastique et resistant a l'eau

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0621249A1 (fr) * 1993-04-14 1994-10-26 The Lubrizol Corporation Composition explosive réticulée en émulsion
US5401341A (en) * 1993-04-14 1995-03-28 The Lubrizol Corporation Cross-linked emulsion explosive composition
CN110631442A (zh) * 2019-10-16 2019-12-31 陕西北方民爆集团有限公司 一种隧道光面爆破自动化装药设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9003613D0 (en) 1990-04-11
AU7233891A (en) 1991-09-03
ZA911145B (en) 1992-03-25

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