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WO1989002881A1 - Procedes et compositions relatives a des agents emulsifies a degagements gazeux destines a sensibliser des compositions explosives - Google Patents

Procedes et compositions relatives a des agents emulsifies a degagements gazeux destines a sensibliser des compositions explosives Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989002881A1
WO1989002881A1 PCT/US1988/003354 US8803354W WO8902881A1 WO 1989002881 A1 WO1989002881 A1 WO 1989002881A1 US 8803354 W US8803354 W US 8803354W WO 8902881 A1 WO8902881 A1 WO 8902881A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
emulsion
composition
water
approximately
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1988/003354
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English (en)
Inventor
John T. Day
Original Assignee
Mining Services International Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mining Services International Corporation filed Critical Mining Services International Corporation
Publication of WO1989002881A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989002881A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and compositions for sensitizing emulsion explosive compositions. More particularly, the present invention is related to an emulsified gassing agent which produces a gas when mixed with selected emulsion blasting compositions, the gas then sensitizing the resulting mixture.
  • Explosive compositions are widely used in various industries, including construction and mining. For example, in coal mining it is often the practice to drill an array of boreholes and subsequently fill those boreholes with explosives. The boreholes take on a particular pattern depending on the type of result desired. Once the boreholes are completed and filled with explosive compositions, the explosives are detonated, loosening the rock to be mined. '
  • ANFO explosives have been developed which overcome some of the problems encountered in the traditional art including, to a certain extent, the safety concerns.
  • Slurry explosives are generally aqueous based and do not always have good water resistance. Slurry explosives may also be prone to separation of the various components.
  • slurry explosives often must be detonated by another fairly powerful explosive, such as TNT or pentolite.
  • emulsion explosive compositions have been developed. While oil-in-water emulsions have been the subject of experimentation and limited use, the most widely used emulsion explosive compositions are water-in-oil emulsions. Water-in-oil emulsions have been described for use in explosives for over 20 years. They consist essentially of an internal phase of an aqueous solution of oxidizers, with a continuous phase of oils, waxes and emulsifiers. Such emulsions, if appropriately formulated, can be explosive alone. Alternatively, they can be used in conjunction with solid oxidizers, sensitizers or other powerful explosives to form explosive compositions.
  • Water-in-oil emulsion explosives have several advantages. One advantage is that they are generally insensitive to mechanical shock. Thus, handling of these types of explosive compositions is not as dangerous as handling many traditional explosives. Furthermore, emulsion explosives of this type employ components such as wate t fuel oil, and ammonium nitrate, that are not dangerous or difficult to handle prior to incorporation into an explosive composition.
  • Water-in-oil emulsion explosives are also relatively inexpensive. These emulsion compositions employ inexpensive ingredients (such as water, oil, ammonium nitrate, and emulsifying agents). Each of the primary components of this type of emulsion is readily available at relatively low cost.
  • water-in-oil emulsion explosive compositions are made of conventional and inexpensive materials which are not explosive.
  • Self-explosive sensitizers either in dissolved form or in the form of a dispersed solid such as TNT, can be used to sensitize these emulsions. More commonly in commercial explosives, sensitization is achieved by the inclusion of a gas or voids in the explosive. Voids may be added in the form of gas trapping solids such as microspheres of glass or plastic, expanded polystyrene, or blown diatomaceous earth. As an alternative to the addition of mechanical density-reducing agents, emulsions can also be sensitized using chemical gassing agents.
  • Useful chemical gassing agents include compositions such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium nitrite which produce gas bubbles under certain chemical, catalyst, pH or temperature conditions.
  • Chemical gassing * agents are usually added to the emulsion-based explosive in the form of aqueous solutions of the chemical gassing agent. These agents commonly react with a co-reactant, usually hydrogen ions or manganese dioxide, which either exist or must be added to the internal aqueous phase of the emulsion.
  • a co-reactant usually hydrogen ions or manganese dioxide
  • the rate of the gas liberating reaction generally increases with temperature and concentration of hydrogen ions or chemical catalysts in the internal aqueous phase of the emulsion.
  • the pH of the aqueous oxidizer phase can be adjusted to suitable levels with acetic acid before the emulsion is formed.
  • Uniform dispersion of the gassing solution in the emulsion is essential in order to effectively sensitize the emulsion.
  • water-in- oil emulsions have a desirable characteristic of high water resistance, while traditional gassing agents occur in aqueous solution.
  • there rs an inherent resistance to mixing between the emulsion and the gassing composition is that a vigorous mixing action is necessary to properly disperse an aqueous solution of gassing chemicals into an emulsion with an external oil phase. Even with such a mixing action, uniform distribution of the gassing agent is difficult to achieve. Thus, decreasing performance of the emulsion explosive composition is observed.
  • the present invention is related to an emulsion composition and methods for its use in improving the blasting characteristics of emulsion explosive compositions.
  • the emulsion of the present invention is formulated in such a manner that it provides desired sensitization and density reduction when added to conventional water-in-oil emulsion blasting compositions.
  • a gas is produced and is evenly dispersed as finely divided bubbles throughout the emulsion. The resulting gas bubbles provide both sensitivity and reduction of the density of the emulsion.
  • compositions and methods of the present invention provide methods whereby emulsion blasting compositions, which are not otherwise detonatable, can be be used alone, without the addition of ammonium nitrate prill, microballoons or other foreign substances as sensitizers. Because the present invention exists in emulsion form it is easily mixed with blasting emulsion compositions. In addition, the emulsion form provides waterproofing so that the- gassing agent is not dissolved, diluted or separated from the blasting emulsion when contacting water in a borehole or other blasting environment. The emulsion also provides completeness of reaction and intimate mixing between the various components. The emulsion of the present invention is stable and does not require the addition of costly antifreeze agents in cold environments.
  • composition of the present invention is comprised of a water-in-oil emulsion containing a gassing agent.
  • the gassing agent releases gas upon contact with the explosive emulsion.
  • the gas may be released by an increase in temperature of the overall mixture, a change in pH, or other chemical reaction with the components of the explosive.
  • gassing agents may be used within the scope of the present invention. Gassing agents from alkali nitrite salts are preferred. One gassing agent of choice is sodium nitrite. Sodium nitrite is stable, soluble in water, and easy to handle and prepare into an emulsion. Other types of gassing agents are also within the scope of the present invention, including carbonates, bicarbonates, peroxides, and nitrites. However, agents which produce gases which are readily soluble (such a gas is CO2) are generally not as effective.
  • a companion salt in the gassing emulsion.
  • Sodium nitrate is a preferred companion salt.
  • Calcium, potassium or other metal nitrates have also been used with success.
  • Other oxidizer salts such as alkali perchlorates can also be used.
  • the functions of the companion salt are to take the place of some of the water in the aqueous phase, to adjust the density of the emulsion, and in some cases 'to adjust the oxygen balance of the entire system.
  • a carrier is also added to the water-in-oil emulsion.
  • the carrier will be water.
  • the amount of water in comparison with the remainder of the emulsion can be adjusted depending on the desired characteristics of the emulsion.
  • An additional desirable component of the gassing emulsion is a vehicle which produces the continuous phase of the emulsion.
  • This vehicle will be an oil in character.
  • Various emulsion carriers such as low cost No. 2 diesel oil, waste sump oils, waxes, mineral oils and the like can be used as vehicles so long as desirable characteristics of the final emulsion are provided.
  • the surfactant acts essentially as an emulsifying agent.
  • Some acceptable surfactants include non-ionic, anionic, or cationic surface active agents such as sorbitan, fatty acid esters including sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan palmitate, and sorbitan monostearate. Other agents will be discussed below.
  • the ranges of the various components may vary widely while still accomplishing the objectives of the invention. It will be appreciated that in order to achieve the objectives of the present invention it is only necessary to provide a water-in-oil emulsion having an integral gassing agent which releases a gas when mixed with the targeted explosive emulsion composition. In addition, the percentage of emulsified gassing agent in the final explosive mixture can vary widely from approximately 0.01% to approximately 50%.
  • Gassing agents preferably comprise from approximately 0.10% to approximately 50% of the final emulsified gassing agent. Concentrations of the companion salt may range from approximately 0% to approximately 45% of the emulsified gassing agent. The percentage of water is generally that which is required to bring the total composition to 100%. The vehicle typically comprises " from approximately 5% to approximately 50% of the emulsified gassing agent.
  • the surfactant may range from approximately 0.5% to approximately 10%.
  • the present invention is related to the preparation of an emulsified gassing agent for use in sensitizing emulsion explosive compositions, particularly water-in- oil emulsion compositions.
  • the emulsion gassing agent and the emulsion explosive can be kept separate until a point in time immediately prior to introduction into a blasting site.
  • the gassing agent itself into a water-in-oil emulsion.
  • the explosive emulsion • and the gassing emulsion therefore, both have external oil phases and are compatible. Since they both have external oil phases they mix readily with relatively gentle mixing action. Uniform dispersion of the gassing emulsion within the main emulsion is much easier to achieve using the methods and compositions of the present invention.
  • the emulsification of the gassing solution in this manner has several advantages. In order to minimize the amount of water added o the explosive, the gassing solution is often prepared in concentrated form. If too concentrated, such solutions may deposit crystals if the gassing chemical is a salt.
  • the gassing emulsion can include chemicals other than the gassing agent itself.
  • the internal phase of the gassing emulsion may include sodium nitrite and thiourea, at relatively high pH. Decomposition of the nitrite, which is aided by thiourea, will only commence when the gassing emulsion is dispersed in the explosive or blasting emulsion, the internal phase of which will have a lower pH. The gassing reaction is then initiated by the hydrogen ions provided by the explosive emulsion.
  • the gassing emulsion may also contain retardants or promoters depending on the extent and speed of gassing which is required.
  • a suitable promoter for the liberation of gas by sodium nitrite is thiourea. Any base, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, anhydrous ammonia, or hexamethylene-tetramine will act as a retardant by raising the pH and reducing the concentration of available hydrogen ions.
  • the explosive emulsion will be comprised of a water-in-oil emulsion.
  • Such emulsions are generally comprised of a carbonaceous fuel, including an ei ⁇ ulsifi ⁇ r, constituting the continuous phase.
  • An aqueous phase containing one or more oxidizer salts constitutes the discontinuous phase.
  • the emulsion may also contain dispersed solid particulate oxidizers or fuels uniformly dispersed throughout the emulsion which form a continuous phase for the composition.
  • suitable solid oxidizer particles are porous prill or crystalline ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and limestone ammonium nitrate (which consists of a mixture of ammonium nitrate and calcium/magnesium carbonate).
  • fuels include silicon, sulfur gilsonite, aluminum and wax.
  • oxidizer salt can also be included in the aqueous phase of gassing emulsion.
  • the oxidizer salt may be any known in the art such as ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate or mixtures thereof. Gassing emulsions containing ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrite in combination can be used but may not be very stable and will require careful pH control.
  • the gassing emulsion will contain a gassing agent.
  • a gassing agent is sodium nitrite.
  • Other gassing agents may include effective carbonates, bicarbonates, peroxides, and nitrites.
  • One preferred composition of the gassing emulsion includes a gassing ' agent, a companion salt, a vehicle, a surfactant, and a carrier such as water.
  • a gassing ' agent e.g., a gassing ' agent, a companion salt, a vehicle, a surfactant, and a carrier such as water.
  • sodium nitrite is one gassing agent which is presently preferred. This gassing agent is crystalline yet fairly stable and soluble in water. It is also easy to handle and easy to add to solution in the emulsion. Sodium nitrite also readily generates gas when placed in a low pH environment such as an emulsion explosive.
  • the amount of gassing agent in the final mix is determined by the desired proportion of the emulsified gassing agent to the explosive composition. However, emulsified gassing agents with nitrite levels as low as
  • the upper limit is set by the solubility of the gassing agent.
  • the companion salt of choice is sodium nitrate.
  • the major functions of the companion salt are to replace some of the water which adds only inert ingredients to the blasting emulsion, to adjust the density of the emulsified gassing agent for easier dispersion, to reduce gravimetric separation between the emulsions, and possibly to adjust the oxygen balance of the entire system.
  • salts will work in the system. Factors to be considered in selecting a salt are whether or not it is inert (which is to be avoided) and whether or not it is stable in the presence of the gassing agent. For example, ammonium nitrate is found to cause the sodium nitrite to react to form gas if the pH is not carefully controlled. However, potassium nitrate or sodium perchlorate have been found to be satisfactory.
  • the amount of companion salt can range from 0% to the solubility limit of the salt. High concentrations are often avoided in order to prevent the emulsified gassing agent from achieving a blasting agent classification. However, companion salt concentrations of up to 45% of the emulsified gassing agent have been used without problems related to emulsification or stability.
  • Water is the solvent of choice for the dissolution of salts, however, other solvents such as ethylene glycol or alcohols may be used as desired.
  • the amount of water added is generally determined by the amount of other ingredients.
  • the pH of the emulsified gassing agent in the system may be adjusted to prevent premature reaction of the gassing agent. Pretreatment of the water is, however, not normally necessary.
  • the vehicle forms the continuous phase of the emulsion and makes the emulsified gassing agent compatible with the blasting emulsion.
  • the vehicle of choice is generally fuel oil (such as No. 2 diesel oil) because of its low cost and because of the resultant fluidity o.f the emulsified gassing agent.
  • Other invert emulsion carriers can certainly be used as long as their 1 natural pH falls within the desired ranges. Such carriers include waxes, mineral oils, waste sump oils and the like, c
  • the amount of vehicle determines the fluidity and stability of the emulsion. Emulsified gassing agents with oil levels of 5% to 25% have been prepared with success.
  • Emulsions having oil content near the lower 0 levels are much more viscous, while those with oil levels over 20% may show oil separation. Oil levels of approximately 20% provide good fluidity and ease of pumping of the emulsified gassing agent, while retaining the desired stability.
  • the surfactant can be any of the accepted invert emulsion surfactants that do not cause the gassing agent to react.
  • Suitable emulsifying agents found useful 0 herein are the water-in-oil type and include those derivable from sorbitol by esterification with removal of one molecule of water.
  • Such sorbitan emulsifying agents may include sorbitan fatty acid esters such as sorbitan 5 monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate and sorbitan tristearate.
  • the mono- and glycerides of fat-forming fatty acids are also Q useful as water-in-oil type emulsifying agents.
  • water-in-oil type emulsifying agents which may be used include polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters such as the polyoxyethylene sorbitol beaswax derivative materials.
  • Water-in-oil type emulsifying agents such as the isopropyl ester of lanolin fatty acids may also prove useful as may mixtures of higher molecular fatty alcohols and wax esters.
  • water-in-oil type emulsifying agents agents include polyoxyethylene (4) lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene (2) oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether, polyoxyalkylene oleyl/laurate, oleyl acid phosphate, substituted oxazolines and phosphate esters, to mention but a few. Mixtures of these various emulsifying agents as well as other water-in-oil type emulsifying agents may also prove useful.
  • the amount of surfactant may range from 0.5% to approximately 10% depending on the desired characteristics of the emulsion. Lower levels may tend to be less stable due to the lack of molecules at the oil/aqueous phase interface. However, lower levels of surfactant also reduce the overall cost of the emulsified gassing agent.
  • the emulsified gassing agent can also be prepared and used as a two component gassing system which adds both the acid and gassing agent with two separate emulsion compositions. That is, one emulsion could provide the gassing agent containing a nitrite, while another emulsion could provide the acid. Both emulsions would be added to the explosive composition. Such a system could be beneficial when the explosive emulsion was not previously prepared for gassing or where the components of the gassing system add instability to the blasting emulsion.
  • the emulsified gassing agent system can also be used to add a large variety of components to an emulsion or to adjust the characteristics of the emulsion. A partial list of such components and adjustments of characteristics follows.
  • Sensitizers such as powdered metals such as aluminum, self-explosives such as TNT, PETN, RDX, etc., other oxidizers such as alkali or ammonium perchlorates can be added.
  • Oxygen balancing of the existing emulsion can be accomplished because the emulsified gassing agent can be made with a wide range of oxygen balances.
  • Emulsion desensitization can also be provided for applications such as large borehole shooting and some underground applications. Adding an inert formulated emulsified gassing agent can desensitize a standard formulation emulsion for a given application.
  • the emulsion can be used for emulsion formulation modification.
  • the emulsified gassing agent system can be conveniently used to provide such a modification.
  • Viscosity adjustment can also be accomplished using the emulsified gassing agent. Viscosity is easily varied over a- wide range of viscosities from approximately 1,000 cP to over 100,000 cP. Addition of various amounts of viscosity adjusted emulsion can be used to adjust the final blasting emulsion viscosity.
  • the emulsified gassing agent system of the present invention provides numerous advantages.
  • One advantage is the fact that the system is waterproof. The emulsified gassing agent will not be removed from the blasting emulsion when loaded through water.
  • An additional advantage is the miscibility of the system.
  • the gassing agent is much more easily and thoroughly mixed with the blasting agent.
  • the companion salt in the emulsified gassing agent may reduce the density difference between the gassing agent and the emulsion. This reduces one factor which would tend " to cause separation of the gassing agent and the blasting emulsion in a water environment.
  • the emulsified gassing agent By choosing appropriate temperature, pH and mixing conditions, the emulsified gassing agent generates smaller bubbles than in a similar aqueous system. This desirable effect is likely due to a better distribution of the nitrite containing aqueous droplets throughout the blasting emulsion.
  • the emulsion forming the gassing agent is also much more stable and less likely to crystallize under low temperature conditions than is an aqueous form. This removes the need for costly antifreeze agents which are required in aqueous systems.
  • the emulsified gassing agent works " under a wide variety of parameters.
  • the pH range in the emulsified gassing agent is preferably between approximately 7.5 and approximately 12 showing no major effects on stability.
  • Higher pH's, when achieved with buffering or by adding a basic salt such as hexamine can modify the gassing rate.
  • hexamine or a concentrated buffer system By adding hexamine or a concentrated buffer system to the aqueous portion of the emulsified gassing agent, the reaction rate can be noticeably slowed.
  • the pH of the blasting emulsion can range from approximately 4.0 to approximately 0.5. Lower pH generally causes the reaction to occur faster. Higher pH values may produce a slower reaction.
  • the pH of an aqueous phase of the blasting emulsion from approximately
  • reaction time from approximately 3 to approximately 10 minutes (depending on temperature) achieves the required gassing in most applications.
  • the rate of reaction can also vary over a wide temperature range. Temperatures in the range of from approximately -10°C to approximately 75°C produce desirable results. The rate of reaction is affected as would normally be expected applying chemical kinetics. It is found that the optimum temperature is generally from approximately 30°C to approximately 40°C, while mixing temperatures are best in the range of approximately 20°C to approximately 40°C.
  • the emulsified gassing agent of the present invention provides great flexibility.
  • Various agents can be mixed with emulsion blasting agents to optimize the resulting performance of the blasting agent.
  • reaction parameters can be carefully controlled to produce precise results.
  • An emulsified gassing agent was prepared by mixing the following ingredients:
  • Sorbitan Monooleate 1% The emulsion was made in the conventional manner by dissolving the sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate in the water to form an aqueous phase. This aqueous phase was added by vigorous stirring to the oil, to which had been added the emulsifier, until an emulsion was formed.
  • the thus formed gassing emulsion composition was then added with stirring to a conventional water-in-oil explosive composition at a rate of 0.6 cc per 1,000 grams. A uniform distribution of the emulsified gassing agent through the explosive emulsion was easily achieved. Gas bubbles of uniform size and distribution were observed in the resulting matrix.
  • Example 2 An emulsified gassing composition was made using the following ingredients:
  • Sorbitan Monooleate 2 The thus formed gassing emulsion composition was added with stirring to a conventional water-in-oil explosive emulsion at a rate of 12% by mass. A uniform distribution of the gassing emulsion through the explosive emulsion was easily achieved and gas bubbles of uniform size and distribution were observed in the resulting matrix.
  • Example 3 The emulsified gassing agent of Example 1 was modified to reduce the rate of the gassing reaction.
  • Example 1 100 grams of the emulsion of Example 1 was added 100 grams of a solution consisting of 43% water and 57% hexamine (hexamethylene tetramine). This basic solution was readily incorporated into the internal phase of the gassing emulsion of Example 1 to form a new emulsified gassing agent containing basic hexamine as a gassing rate retardant.
  • An emulsified gassing agent is prepared according to the method of Example 1.
  • the various ingredients and their percentages are as follows:
  • the emulsified gassing agent prepared according to the above specifications produces an acceptable gassing agent for addition to water-in-oil explosive compositions.
  • Example 5 An emulsified gassing agent is prepared according to the method of Example 1. The various ingredients and their percentages are as follows:
  • Example 6 An emulsified gassing agent is prepared according to the method of Example 1. The various ingredients and their percentages are as follows:
  • Example 7 An emulsified gassing agent is prepared using the methods of Example 1 and the ingredients of Example 1, with the exception that potassium nitrite is substituted for sodium nitrite.
  • This emulsified gassing agent is acceptable for adding to a water-in-oil explosive composition to produce gas.
  • An emulsified gassing agent is prepared using the methods of Example 1 and the ingredients of Example 1, with the exception that calcium nitrite is substituted for sodium nitrite.
  • This emulsified gassing agent is acceptable for adding to a water-in-oil explosive composition to produce gas.
  • Example 9 An emulsified gassing agent is prepared using the methods of Example 1 and the ingredients of Example 1, with the exception that barium nitrite is substituted for sodium nitrite. This emulsified gassing agent is acceptable for adding to a water-in-oil explosive composition to produce gas.
  • Example 10 An emulsified gassing agent is prepared using the methods of Example 1 and the ingredients of Example 1, with the exception that hydrogen peroxide is substituted for sodium nitrite and an effective quantity of manganese dioxide is added to the blasting emulsion.
  • This emulsified gassing agent is acceptable for adding to a water-in-oil explosive composition to produce gas.
  • the present invention accomplishes each of the objects listed above.
  • the present invention provides methods and compositions for increasing the effectiveness of emulsion explosive compositions.
  • the emulsified gassing agent of the present invention is usable for sensitizing and adjusting density in such emulsion blasting compositions. This is done largely through providing a gas which is generated when the emulsified gassing agent is combined with the emulsion blasting composition.
  • this invention provides several advantages.
  • the sensitization can be added at the last minute before the emulsion is put into place for blasting.
  • the water-in-oil emulsified gassing agent allows easy mixing with the blasting emulsions. Thus, complete distribution of the gassing' agent within the blasting emulsion is accomplished.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)

Abstract

Procédés et compositions permettant la production d'un agent émulsifié à dégagement gazeux destiné à être utilisé pour sensibiliser des compositions explosives en émulsion. L'agent émulsifié à dégagement gazeux est de préférence une émulsion huileuse de sorte qu'elle soit facilement combinable avec des compositions d'émulsions explosives huileuses. On peut garder séparément l'agent émulsifié à dégagement gazeux et l'explosif en émulsion jusqu'au moment précédant immédiatement l'introduction dans le site d'explosion. L'agent émulsifié à dégagement gazeux contient un agent à dégagement gazeux libérant du gaz une fois mis en contact avec la composition explosive en émulsion. Le nitrite de sodium est un agent à dégagement gazeux préféré, mais d'autres agents à dégagement gazeux sont également utilisables. L'émulsion peut également comprendre un sel d'accompagnement tel que le calcium ou le nitrate de sodium, un véhicule tel que du carburant no 2, un tensio-actif, et un support tel que l'eau.
PCT/US1988/003354 1987-09-30 1988-09-28 Procedes et compositions relatives a des agents emulsifies a degagements gazeux destines a sensibliser des compositions explosives WO1989002881A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US102,911 1979-12-12
US10291187A 1987-09-30 1987-09-30
US24567488A 1988-09-20 1988-09-20
US245,674 1988-09-20

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WO1989002881A1 true WO1989002881A1 (fr) 1989-04-06

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Cited By (9)

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EP0448379A1 (fr) * 1990-03-20 1991-09-25 Dyno Nobel Inc. Agent tensio-actif pour explosif en émulsion contenant des bulles de gaz générées in situ
EP0775681A1 (fr) * 1995-11-24 1997-05-28 ICI Canada Inc. Microémulsion et système oleosoluble générateur de gaz
EP0881999A1 (fr) * 1996-02-22 1998-12-09 Nelson Brothers, Inc. Emulsion a deux phases convenant aux compositions explosives
WO1999010299A1 (fr) * 1997-08-22 1999-03-04 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Composition de gazage d'explosifs et procede correspondant
AU753828B2 (en) * 1997-08-22 2002-10-31 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Explosives gasser composition and method
WO2011060455A1 (fr) * 2009-11-12 2011-05-19 African Explosives Limited Composition sensibilisante pour un explosif
US7972454B2 (en) 1995-12-29 2011-07-05 Orica Australia Pty Ltd. Gasser composition and method of gassing
US11203555B2 (en) 2015-09-01 2021-12-21 The University of Sydney Commercial Development & Industry Partnerships Blasting agent
US11346643B2 (en) 2018-02-20 2022-05-31 Dyno Nobel Inc. Inhibited emulsions for use in blasting in reactive ground or under high temperature conditions

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US4676849A (en) * 1984-12-11 1987-06-30 Ici Australia Limited Gas bubble-sensitized explosive compositions
US4711678A (en) * 1985-05-08 1987-12-08 Nitro Nobel Ab Process for the preparation of a water-in-oil emulsion explosive and a fuel phase for use in such process

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0448379A1 (fr) * 1990-03-20 1991-09-25 Dyno Nobel Inc. Agent tensio-actif pour explosif en émulsion contenant des bulles de gaz générées in situ
EP0775681A1 (fr) * 1995-11-24 1997-05-28 ICI Canada Inc. Microémulsion et système oleosoluble générateur de gaz
US7972454B2 (en) 1995-12-29 2011-07-05 Orica Australia Pty Ltd. Gasser composition and method of gassing
EP0881999A1 (fr) * 1996-02-22 1998-12-09 Nelson Brothers, Inc. Emulsion a deux phases convenant aux compositions explosives
EP0881999A4 (fr) * 1996-02-22 1999-05-19 Nelson Brothers Inc Emulsion a deux phases convenant aux compositions explosives
WO1999010299A1 (fr) * 1997-08-22 1999-03-04 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Composition de gazage d'explosifs et procede correspondant
AU753828B2 (en) * 1997-08-22 2002-10-31 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Explosives gasser composition and method
WO2011060455A1 (fr) * 2009-11-12 2011-05-19 African Explosives Limited Composition sensibilisante pour un explosif
US11203555B2 (en) 2015-09-01 2021-12-21 The University of Sydney Commercial Development & Industry Partnerships Blasting agent
US11346643B2 (en) 2018-02-20 2022-05-31 Dyno Nobel Inc. Inhibited emulsions for use in blasting in reactive ground or under high temperature conditions

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AU2607688A (en) 1989-04-18
ZW13188A1 (en) 1989-05-17

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