WO1991000963A1 - Pompe a liquide utilisant le phenomene de l'osmose inverse - Google Patents
Pompe a liquide utilisant le phenomene de l'osmose inverse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991000963A1 WO1991000963A1 PCT/GB1989/000806 GB8900806W WO9100963A1 WO 1991000963 A1 WO1991000963 A1 WO 1991000963A1 GB 8900806 W GB8900806 W GB 8900806W WO 9100963 A1 WO9100963 A1 WO 9100963A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- machine
- solvent
- common solvent
- pump
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 44
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/10—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to pumps that use reverse osmosis to drive a liquid therethrough.
- the liquid pump of the present invention c mprises a semi-permeable membrane adapted to operate under reverse osmosis when the pump is in operation, which membrane separates two solutions of differing concentrations of the same or different solute in a common solvent, wherein the pressure on the membrane of the more concentrated solution is sufficiently high when the pump is operating for reverse osmosis to occur, and wherein the said pressure is generated by the hydrostatic head of the more concentrated solution, optionally assisted by pressure generated within the solution by normal osmosis.
- Water is the preferred common solution for use in the present invention, and one particular application of this first embodiment of the present invention is in the extraction of pure water from sea water. If a strong, rigid pipe of many tens of metres in length and having at one end a semi-permeable membrane which can withstand the large pressure differences that will be encountered deep in the sea is lowered vertically into the sea with its open end just above the surface of the sea, fresh water will be driven through the membrane by the hydrostatic pressure of the surrounding sea water and be forced up the pipe to its free end where it can be collected as in the manner of a mountain spring.
- a second semi-permeable membrane is added to the first embodiment of the invention, which second membrane is positioned in contact with the said column of the more concentrated solution above the height of ⁇ the first membrane, wherein when the pump is in operation the second membrane is arranged to operate
- either pure solvent or less concentrated solution is positioned so as to be in contact with the side of the second membrane not in contact with the more concentrated solution.
- the height of the column of the more concentrated solution can be
- the second embodiment of the present 20 invention can have many applications, particularly in testing and studying the behaviour of different semi-permeable membranes.
- a machine comprising a first fluid system comprising a first semi-permeable membrane separating two solutions of differing concentrations of a first solute in a common solvent, the first membrane being adapted to operate under normal osmosis when the machine is in operation, and a second fluid system comprising a second semi-permeable membrane separating two solutions of differing concentrations of a second solute in the common solvent, the second membrane being adapted to operate under reverse osmosis when the machine is in operation, wherein the first and the second fluid systems are in fluid connection and wherein the working fluid for the machine is the common solvent which moves between the first and the second systems when the machine is in operation.
- the first and the second fluid systems are connected directly by sharing a common solution of the higher concentration of the same solvent, with both solutions of the lower concentration being pure solvent.
- the solute is sugar and the common solvent is water.
- a water wheel or turbine can be used to intercept the common solvent that overflows from the second fluid system to the first.
- Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus designed to demonstrate the principle underlying the present invention wherein two membranes are used", the first operating under reverse osmosis and the second under normal osmosis
- Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid pump using the principle demonstrated by the apparatus of Figure 1.
- a ' ⁇ 1 shaped tube 1 having limits A and B is fitted with a first semi-permeable membrane 2 at its lowest point and a second semi-permeable membrane 3 at a point high up one of its limbs B, whereby the tube is divided by the membranes into three parts with its ends being open to atmosphere.
- a concentrated solution 4 of a solute in a common solvent is arranged to fill completely the part of the 'U' tube 1 between the two membranes 2 and 3, and if two portions 5 and 6 of a less concentrated solution of a solute in the solvent fill substantially the remaining two parts of the U-tube so that the liquid levels in the two limbs A and B of the tube are initially the same, then it will be observed that the water level in limb A will rise above the level of the water in limb B and that at equilibrium the height difference h between the two liquid levels can be shown to be given by the equation:-
- H s is the height of the top of the more concentrated solution above membrane 2, i.e. the length of limb B up to the lower surface of the second membrane 3,
- D is the density of less concentrated solution 5 and 6
- d is the difference in density between the more concentrated and the less concentrated solutions. The above formula only applies where the osmotic characteristics of the two membranes are not affected by the hydrostatic pressure of the contacting solution, but where limb heights of only up to ten 5 metres or so are used this assumption appears to be reasonable.
- FIG. 2 A practical version of such an arrangement is shown in Figure 2, where the equivalent components to those in Figure 1 are denoted by a single prime ⁇ ,n .
- the membranes 2 - and 3' are held within two identical commercially-available osmosis drums 12 and 13 made by Paterson Candy International under the designation MIC - RO 240. Both membranes are of the non- cellulosic type sold under the designation ZF 99.
- the membrane drums 2 1 and 3' are separated by a height difference of about 25 feet and the overflow tube 21 is arranged to be of the order of 1 foot above the upper drum 3'.
- the 5 more concentrated solution 4' is arranged to be "sandwiched" between the two osmosis drums 2' and 3 1 with less concentrated solution being in the remaining tubes.
- the level of dilute solution in tube 11 is
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention se rapporte à des pompes utilisant le phénomène d'osmose inverse pour faire circuler un liquide. La pompe à liquide qui forme l'objet de l'invention comprend une membrane semi-perméable (2) adaptée pour fonctionner sous osmose inverse lorsque la pompe fonctionne, ladite membrane (2) séparant deux solutions (4, 5) de concentrations différentes du même ou de solutés différents dans un solvant commun. La pression sur la membrane de la solution plus concentrée (4) est suffisamment élevée lorsque la pompe fonctionne pour permettre l'osmose inverse, et ladite pression est générée par la tête hydrostatique de la solution plus concentrée (4), aidée facultativement par la pression générée dans la solution à l'aide de l'osmose normale. Selon la présente invention, on décrit une machine comprenant un premier système de fluide comportant une première membrane semi-perméable (3) séparant deux solutions (4, 6) de concentrations différentes d'un premier soluté dans un solvant commun, la première membrane (3) étant adaptée pour fonctionner sous une osmose normale lorsque la machine fonctionne, et un deuxième système de fluide comprenant une deuxième membrane semi-perméable (2) séparant deux solutions (4, 5) de concentrations différentes d'un deuxième soluté dans un solvant commun, la deuxième membrane (2) étant adaptée pour fonctionner sous une osmose inverse lorsque la machine fonctionne. Les premier et deuxième systèmes de fluide sont en liaison, et le fluide de fonctionnement au niveau de la machine est le solvant commun qui se déplace entre les premier et deuxième systèmes lorsque la machine fonctionne. Les premier et deuxième systèmes de fluide sont de préférence reliés directement par le partage d'une solution commune de la concentration plus élevée du même solvant, les deux solutions de la concentration plus faible étant du solvant pur. Le soluté est de préférence constitué de sucre et le solvant commun est constitué d'eau.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8800895A GB2214105B (en) | 1988-01-15 | 1988-01-15 | Liquid pump utilizing reverse osmosis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1991000963A1 true WO1991000963A1 (fr) | 1991-01-24 |
Family
ID=10630024
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1989/000806 WO1991000963A1 (fr) | 1988-01-15 | 1989-07-13 | Pompe a liquide utilisant le phenomene de l'osmose inverse |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2214105B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1991000963A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP7702171B1 (ja) | 2024-05-07 | 2025-07-03 | 西安▲シ▼世尊机電科技有限公司 | ナノ一方向弁浸透によるエネルギー収集の方法及び装置 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1802842A1 (de) * | 1968-10-12 | 1970-05-27 | Krupp Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Trinkwasser aus Salzwasser,insbesondere Meerwasser,und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens |
| FR2484391A1 (fr) * | 1980-06-12 | 1981-12-18 | Lopez Fernand | Procede et dispositif de production d'eau douce a partir d'eau de mer |
| GB2207367A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-02-01 | Permutit Co Ltd | Water purification method and apparatus |
-
1988
- 1988-01-15 GB GB8800895A patent/GB2214105B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-07-13 WO PCT/GB1989/000806 patent/WO1991000963A1/fr unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1802842A1 (de) * | 1968-10-12 | 1970-05-27 | Krupp Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Trinkwasser aus Salzwasser,insbesondere Meerwasser,und Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens |
| FR2484391A1 (fr) * | 1980-06-12 | 1981-12-18 | Lopez Fernand | Procede et dispositif de production d'eau douce a partir d'eau de mer |
| GB2207367A (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-02-01 | Permutit Co Ltd | Water purification method and apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2214105B (en) | 1992-02-05 |
| GB8800895D0 (en) | 1988-02-17 |
| GB2214105A (en) | 1989-08-31 |
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