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USRE41314E1 - Gas adsorbing element and method for forming same - Google Patents

Gas adsorbing element and method for forming same Download PDF

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Publication number
USRE41314E1
USRE41314E1 US10/374,604 US37460491A USRE41314E US RE41314 E1 USRE41314 E1 US RE41314E1 US 37460491 A US37460491 A US 37460491A US RE41314 E USRE41314 E US RE41314E
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United States
Prior art keywords
approximately
gas adsorbing
honeycomb
adsorbing
adsorbing element
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Expired - Lifetime
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US10/374,604
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English (en)
Inventor
Toshimi Kuma
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Seibu Giken Co Ltd
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Seibu Giken Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28042—Shaped bodies; Monolithic structures
    • B01J20/28045—Honeycomb or cellular structures; Solid foams or sponges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J20/28011—Other properties, e.g. density, crush strength
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28028—Particles immobilised within fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
    • B01J20/28033—Membrane, sheet, cloth, pad, lamellar or mat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1423—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with a moving bed of solid desiccants, e.g. a rotary wheel supporting solid desiccants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1004—Bearings or driving means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1032—Desiccant wheel
    • F24F2203/1036—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1048—Geometric details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1056—Rotary wheel comprising a reheater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1068—Rotary wheel comprising one rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
    • F24F2203/10—Rotary wheel
    • F24F2203/1084—Rotary wheel comprising two flow rotor segments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas adsorbing element which selectively adsorbs and removes active gases contained in inert gases such as air, especially harmful gases such as organic solvent vapor, bad odor material, etc., to obtain clean inert gases such as air.
  • Zeolite is a molecular sieve and is used as an adsorbent because it mainly consists of aluminosilicate. Zeolite also selectively adsorbs water and other gas molecules such as organic solvent vapor, in accordance with the diameter of the molecules, making good use of the difference in diameters of micropores which are formed by elimination of crystal water.
  • a rotative reactivation type dehumidifier element has been proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 19548/1979 (laid open to the public without examination) which consists of a corrugated and laminated cylindrical honeycomb-structure made of sheets of asbestos paper, glass fiber paper, and etc., with a molecular sieve, for example, 4A, 13X, etc., attached to it. Also in Japanese Patent Publication No.
  • a honeycomb-structure dehumidifier element which is made by adding a binding agent to synthetic zeolite powder of, for example, A type, X type, Y type, or natural zeolite powder such as mordenite and formed, for example, by extruding, press forming, or some other similar method.
  • a honeycomb-structure element is proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 50068/1978 (laid open to the public without examination) as a rotative adsorbing element that adsorbs and separates organic solvent vapor, bad odor gas and other gases from the air.
  • the honeycomb-structure element set forth in this publication is made of paper containing fibrous active carbon.
  • Active carbon is a hydrophobic adsorbent and preferentially adsorbs non-polar molecules such as hydrocarbon. However, it is flammable and has a danger of catching fire when hot air about 130° C. is used for reactivation. Also some types of adsorbed solvent generate high adsorption heat and the adsorbing element has a danger of catching fire. Thus, it is extremely difficult to use. Moreover, the adsorbing capability of the element decreases by the adsorption of oil. After being used for a certain period of time, regeneration of the element at a high temperature of approximately 300° C. is necessary. This active carbon element, however, has a defect such that during high temperature regeneration hot air cannot be used; rather, superheated water vapor should be used for regeneration.
  • a gas adsorbing element in which zeolite is used as an adsorbent having a high silica content to impart a hydrophobic property, and which is formed into a block, i.e., a honeycomb-shaped laminate, having many small channels penetrating from one end surface to the other.
  • the high silica zeolite is exposed on the surface of the small channels.
  • the gas adsorbing element of the present invention does not adsorb vapor in inert gases such as air which contain water vapor and organic solvent vapor and/or bad odor material, and has the ability to efficiently adsorb the organic solvent vapor and the bad odor material.
  • the composition of zeolite is generally shown as xM 2 /nO.Al 2 O 3 .ySiO 2 .zH 2 O (here M is an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, n is its valence and y ⁇ 1 , y is usually 1 ⁇ 10).
  • M is an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal
  • n is its valence and y ⁇ 1 , y is usually 1 ⁇ 10
  • the adsorbent ‘Zeolum A-4’ manufactured by Toyo Soda Co., Ltd. which is a 4A type zeolite, has a composition of 1.0 ⁇ 0.2 Na 2 O.Al 2 O 3 .1.85 ⁇ 0.5SiO 2 .zH 2 O.
  • high silica zeolite having a high silica content so that y is above approximately 8 When used, it obtains a hydrophobic property. That is, it has a decreased ability to adsorb highly polar materials such as water molecules, and an increased ability to adsorb non-polar or low polar materials such as organic solvent vapor and bad odor materials.
  • a prior art method includes de-aluminizing a typical zeolite having a y of 1-6. Another method is a direct synthesis from a Na 2 O—Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —H 2 O composition. In the prior art de-aluminizing methods, there include:
  • a gas adsorbing element is formed into a block having many small channels penetrating from one end surface to the other, i.e., a honeycomb structure, so that the above-mentioned high silica zeolite having a hydrophobic property efficiently adsorbs and separates organic solvent vapor and bad odor material.
  • a honeycomb structure there is a method, for example, in which the above-mentioned high silica zeolite is mixed with inorganic binder such as kaolinite and is formed into a honeycomb structure by extruding, press forming, etc.
  • inorganic fiber papers are used which have no danger of catching fire.
  • These inorganic fiber papers include paper formed from ceramic fibers, rock fibers, slag fibers, or glass fibers, or paper mainly consisting of a mixture of these fibers.
  • the use of asbestos fiber, which is also an inorganic fiber and does not pose a danger of catching fire, is not preferable because asbestos is harmful to the health of humans.
  • the paper is baked to burn and the small amount of organic ingredients contained therein are removed.
  • a nonflammable paper made by mixing high silica zeolite powder.
  • the wavelength 1 is 2.5 to 4.5 mm and the wave height h is 1.0 to 3.0 mm.
  • the total surface area of the gas adsorbing element becomes smaller. Consequently, the efficiency of gas adsorption drops.
  • pressure drops in the process air and the reactivation air become large, and subsequently an economical operation is not possible.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a gas adsorbing element according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a single-faced corrugated sheet
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an example of a gas adsorbing and concentrating apparatus, a portion being broken away for the purpose of illustration;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a change in the efficiency of the gas adsorbing element of the present invention due to a change in process air humidity at the inlet;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing a change in the efficiency of the gas adsorbing element of a contrasting example due to a change in process air humidity at the inlet;
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing a change in the efficiency of the gas adsorbing element of the present invention due to a change in element rotation speed
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing a change in the efficiency of the gas adsorbing element of the present invention due to a change in the length of the small channels.
  • a small amount of organic synthetic fiber and a small amount of an inorganic or organic binder were added to ceramic fiber of silica alumina series to prepare low density paper having an apparent specific gravity of approximately 0.3 ⁇ 0.45 (about 60-150 g/m 2 weight) and a thickness of approximately 0.10 ⁇ 0.30 mm.
  • the paper was then corrugated so that it had a width of 400 mm, a wavelength of 3.4 mm and a wave height of 1.8 mm.
  • an adhesive including a mixture of synthetic resin such as polyvinyl acetate and inorganic binder, a flat paper 1 and a corrugated paper 2 were bonded together at all ridged portions of the corrugated paper 2 as shown in FIG.
  • the corrugated sheet was wound around a core material as shown in FIG. 1 and formed into a honeycomb-shaped laminate having a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 320 mm and having many small channels 3 penetrating from one end surface to the other.
  • Zeolite of xNa 2 O.Al 2 O 3 .ySiO 2 .zH 2 O (here x ⁇ ⁇ 1, y ⁇ ⁇ 200, z ⁇ ⁇ 9 and having a micropore diameter of approximately 10 ⁇ ), such as DAY Zeolite manufactured by Degussa Aktiengesellschaft of the Federal Republic of Germany was used as the high silica zeolite.
  • This zeolite is obtained by treating NaY zeolite, i.e., xNa 2 O.Al 2 O 3 .ySiO 2 .zH 2 O (here x ⁇ ⁇ 1, y ⁇ ⁇ 5, z ⁇ ⁇ 9 and having a micropore diameter of approximately 10 ⁇ ) with silicon tetrachloride and partially substituting the Al 2 0 3 Al 2 O 3 contained therein with SiO 2 .
  • the zeolite was finely pulverized and dispersed in hydrosol of either silica or alumina .
  • the above-mentioned cylindrically formed body was soaked in sol to make the high silica zeolite adhere in fiber apertures of and on the surface of the inorganic fiber papers 1 and 2 with fine particles of silica or alumina in the hydrosol as a binding agent.
  • the element was dried and then baked for 3 ⁇ 4 hours at 450° C. to remove organic materials in the sheet and to dehydrate the zeolite and thus obtain a gas adsorbing element.
  • the rate of high silica zeolite attached to the inorganic fiber paper is approximately 35 wt. %. This baking may occur before the impregnation of zeolite.
  • FIG. 3 is a gas adsorbing apparatus using a cylindrical gas adsorbing element shown in FIG. 1 .
  • 4 is a gas adsorbing element
  • 5 is a casing
  • 6 is a separator
  • 7 is a process zone
  • 8 is a reactivating zone
  • 9 is a geared motor
  • 10 is a driving belt
  • 11 is process air
  • 12 is reactivation air.
  • the gas adsorbing element 4 is held rotatably in the casing 5 which is separated by the separator 6 into the process (gas adsorbing) zone 7 and the reactivating zone 8 .
  • the element 4 is rotated by the geared motor 9 and the driving belt 10 .
  • the process air 11 is input to the process zone 7 and hot reactivation air 12 is input to the reactivating zone 8 to adsorb active ingredients in the process air 11 such as organic solvent vapor and bad odor materials to obtain clean air 13 .
  • 14 is a pulley
  • 15 is a tension pulley
  • 16 is a rubber seal
  • 17 is a reactivation air heater.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph of the solvent removal rate (%) when the cylindrical length of the element 4 is 400 mm, the rotating speed is 10 r.p.h., the ratio of reactivation air volume to process air volume is 1:10, the process air temperature at the inlet is 25° C. ⁇ 2° C., the velocity of process air and reactivation air is 2 m/sec. and the reactivation air temperature at the inlet is 150° C. ⁇ 2° C.
  • Process air is passed as follows:
  • Solvent removal rate in this instance means the value obtained by subtracting the quotient, which is obtained by dividing the solvent containing rate of process air at the outlet by that of process air at each inlet, from 1. Even when the solvent concentration in process air at the inlet changes, the solvent removal rate hardly changes.
  • FIG. 5 shows the result of a similar test, i.e., the solvent removal rate of a gas adsorbing element manufactured in the same conditions as the above example using, for example, ‘Zeolum F-9’ (having a micropore diameter of 10 ⁇ ) manufactured by Toyo Soda Co., Ltd., which is a hydrophilic zeolite on the market.
  • ‘Zeolum F-9’ having a micropore diameter of 10 ⁇
  • Toyo Soda Co., Ltd. which is a hydrophilic zeolite on the market.
  • elements were prepared in which inorganic fiber paper having a thickness of 0.20 mm after impregnation with zeolite as in the above example was corrugated so that a wavelength was 3.4 mm and a wave height was 1.8 mm, and the length of the small channels L was changed from 100 mm to 500 mm.
  • the prepared elements were then put into the equipment of FIG. 3 .
  • the equipment was then operated under the following conditions.
  • the process air temperature at the inlet was 15° C.
  • the reactivation air temperature at the inlet was 150° C.
  • the process air velocity and reactivation air velocity were both 2 m/sec.
  • the absolute humidity of process air at the inlet was 15 g/kg
  • the solvent vapor concentration in process air at the inlet was 1100 ppm of xylene and the rotation speed of the elements was 15 r.p.h.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph of the xylene removal rate with respect to varying lengths of the small channels. From the graph of FIG. 7 it can be seen that in small channels having a length of 100 to 300 mm, the removal of solvent is not sufficient. In small channels having a length about approximately 400 mm, the solvent removal rate is above 95%. That is, removal of solvent is nearly total and, the use of small channels longer than approximately 400 mm is wasteful.
  • a gas adsorbing element manufactured as described above using hydrophobic high silica zeolite as an adsorbent adsorbs a comparatively small amount of organic solvent vapor or bad odor component contained in an inert gas such as air, and adsorbs very little water vapor which is always in the air. Therefore, the gas adsorbing element of the present invention is capable of effectively adsorbing, concentrating, and removing organic solvent vapor or bad odor components contained in the inert gas such as air regardless of the humidity.
  • the element since an organic solvent or bad odor component adsorbed by the element can be mostly desorbed at a temperature of approximately 100° ⁇ 160° C., the element is incorporated into a rotary reactivation type gas adsorbing equipment as shown, for example, in FIG. 3 , to continuously adsorb, concentrate and burn to remove active gas contained in the inert gas such as air.
  • a rotary reactivation type gas adsorbing equipment as shown, for example, in FIG. 3 , to continuously adsorb, concentrate and burn to remove active gas contained in the inert gas such as air.
  • This fireproof property is made more complete by baking non-flammable paper forming the element or the honeycomb-shaped laminate approximately 3 ⁇ 4 hours at 450° C. to remove, by decomposing or burning, the small amount of organic material contained in it.
  • hot air of approximately 350° C. is passed through the element to remove the oil mist and to regenerate the element.
  • a sheet of non-flammable paper, etc. is formed into a honeycomb shape, baking the honeycomb at 450°-500° C. and high silica zeolite powder is impregnated using an inorganic binder, etc., and adhered to it.
  • high silica zeolite fixes not only on the surface of the inorganic fiber paper but also in the apertures between the fibers to increase the carrying ability of the element.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
US10/374,604 1990-05-02 1991-04-30 Gas adsorbing element and method for forming same Expired - Lifetime USRE41314E1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2-116632 1990-05-02
JP11663290 1990-05-02
PCT/JP1991/000592 WO1991016971A1 (en) 1990-05-02 1991-04-30 Gas adsorbent element

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US (2) US5348922A (de)
JP (1) JP2645251B2 (de)
DE (2) DE4190940T (de)
SE (1) SE507129C2 (de)
WO (1) WO1991016971A1 (de)

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US5348922A (en) 1994-09-20
DE4190940T (de) 1992-05-14
WO1991016971A1 (en) 1991-11-14
SE9103808D0 (sv) 1991-12-20
SE9103808L (sv) 1991-12-20
JP2645251B2 (ja) 1997-08-25

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