US9131902B2 - Prediction and monitoring of clinical episodes - Google Patents
Prediction and monitoring of clinical episodes Download PDFInfo
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- US9131902B2 US9131902B2 US14/624,904 US201514624904A US9131902B2 US 9131902 B2 US9131902 B2 US 9131902B2 US 201514624904 A US201514624904 A US 201514624904A US 9131902 B2 US9131902 B2 US 9131902B2
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- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/38—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
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- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
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- G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment
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- A61B5/40—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the nervous system
- A61B5/4076—Diagnosing or monitoring particular conditions of the nervous system
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- A61B5/7278—Artificial waveform generation or derivation, e.g. synthesizing signals from measured signals
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- A61B5/7405—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient; User input means using sound
Definitions
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,239,706 to Yoshiike et al. which is incorporated herein by reference, describes an in-bed state detection system including a load detection section for detecting a load applied to a bed and providing a corresponding load signal; a determination section for determining an in-bed state based on the load signal; and a transmission section for transmitting a result of the determination.
- a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of the subject is greater than 90% of a baseline asymptomatic FEV1 of the subject, predicting the onset of the asthma attack at least in part responsively to the sensed parameter.
- sensing the at least one parameter without requiring human compliance includes measuring a pressure in, on, or under a reclining surface upon which the subject lies.
- a non-contact sensor adapted to sense a motion-related parameter of a subject without contacting the subject or clothes the subject is wearing
- control unit adapted to predict the onset at least in part responsively to the sensed parameter.
- FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating breathing rate patterns of a chronic asthma patient, measured during an experiment conducted in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 18 is flow chart that schematically illustrates a method for predicting a physiological condition, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- data acquisition module 20 is adapted to non-invasively monitor breathing and heartbeat patterns of subject 12 .
- Breathing pattern analysis module 22 and heartbeat pattern analysis module 23 are adapted to analyze the respective patterns in order to (a) predict an approaching clinical episode, such as an asthma attack or heart condition-related lung fluid buildup, and/or (b) monitor the severity and progression of a clinical episode as it occurs.
- User interface 24 is adapted to notify subject 12 and/or a healthcare worker of the predicted or occurring episode. Prediction of an approaching clinical episode facilitates early preventive treatment, which generally reduces the required dosage of medication, and/or lowers mortality and morbidity. When treating asthma, such a reduced dosage generally minimizes the side-effects associated with high dosages typically required to reverse the inflammatory condition once the episode has begun.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating breathing pattern analysis module 22 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Breathing pattern analysis module 22 typically comprises a digital signal processor (DSP) 41 , dual port RAM (DPR) 42 , EEPROM 44 , and an I/O port 46 .
- DSP digital signal processor
- DPR dual port RAM
- EEPROM 44 EEPROM 44
- I/O port 46 I/O port 46 .
- Breathing pattern analysis module 22 is adapted to extract breathing patterns from the raw data generated by data acquisition module 20 , and to perform processing and classification of the breathing patterns.
- Breathing pattern analysis module 22 analyzes changes in breathing patterns, typically during sleep. Responsively to the analysis, module 22 ( a ) predicts an approaching clinical episode, and/or (b) monitors episode severity and progression.
- breathing pattern analysis module 22 additionally analyzes changes in breathing rate variability patterns. For some applications, module 22 compares one or more of the following patterns to respective baseline patterns, and interprets a deviation from baseline as indicative of (a) the onset of an attack, and/or (b) the severity of an attack in progress:
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing a respiration signal indicative of Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR), measured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- CSR Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
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Abstract
Description
- Alihanka J et al., “A new method for long-term monitoring of the ballistocardiogram, heart rate, and respiration,” Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 240:384-392 (1981).
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- Piirila P et al., “Objective assessment of cough,” Eur Respir J 8:1949-1956 (1995).
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- Van der Loos H F M et al., “Unobtrusive vital signs monitoring from a multisensor bed sheet,” RESNA′2001, Reno, Nev., Jun. 22-26, 2001.
- Waris M et al., “A new method for automatic wheeze detection,” Technol Health Care 6(1):33-40 (1998).
- “British Guideline on the Management of Asthma: A national clinical guideline,” British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Revised edition April 2004.
- Brenner B E et al., “The clinical presentation of acute asthma in adults and children,” In Brenner, B E, ed. Emergency Asthma (New York: Marcel Dekker, 1999:201-232).
- Baren et al., “Current concepts in the ED treatment of pediatric asthma,” Respiratory Medicine Consensus Reports (Thomson American Health Consultants, Dec. 28, 2003).
- “Managing Asthma,” KidsHealth website, (kidshealth.org/parent/medical/lungs/asthma_mgmt.html).
- “Signs and symptoms of asthma,” Indian Chest Society (Mumbai, India) (http://www.indianchestsociety.org/symptomsofasthma.htm).
- “Breathing easier with asthma,” Intermountain Health Care Clinical Education Services (http://www.ihc.com/xp/ihc/documents/clinical/101/3/1/asthma_breathe.pdf).
- “Medical Mutual clinical practice guidelines for asthma: 2004,” Medical Mutual (Cleveland, Ohio) (http://www.medmutual.com/provider/pdf/resources/asthma4.pdf)
- “Peak flow learning center,” National Jewish Medical and Research Center (http://www.njc.org/disease-info/diseases/asthma/living/tools/peak/index.aspx).
- Mintzer R, “What the teacher should know about asthma attacks,” Family Education Network (http://www.familyeducation.com/article/0,1120,65-415,00.html).
- “‘Does my child have asthma?’,” Solano Asthma Coalition, American Lung Association of the East Bay (http://www.alaebay.org/misc_pdf/solano_asthma_coalition_child_asthma.pdf).
- Poteet J, “Asthma” (http://www.nku.edu/˜rad350/asthmajp.html).
- Plaut T, “Tracking and treating asthma in young children,” J Respir Dis Pediatrician 5(2):67-72 (2003).
-
- receive the signal,
- determine at least one breathing pattern of the subject responsive to the signal,
- compare the breathing pattern with a baseline breathing pattern, and
- predict the onset of the episode at least in part responsively to the comparison.
-
- receive the signal,
- determine at least one breathing pattern of the subject responsive to the signal,
- compare the breathing pattern with a baseline breathing pattern, and
- assess a progression of the episode at least in part responsively to the comparison.
-
- receive the signal,
- determine at least one breathing pattern of the subject responsive to the signal,
- compare the breathing pattern with a baseline breathing pattern, and
- detect an abnormal breathing pattern associated with congestive heart failure (CHF), at least in part responsively to the comparison.
-
- receive the signal,
- determine at least one breathing pattern of the subject responsive to the signal,
- compare the breathing pattern with a baseline breathing pattern, and
- detect an abnormal breathing pattern associated with a condition of the subject, at least in part responsively to the comparison, the condition selected from the list consisting of: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), diabetes, and epilepsy.
-
- (a) a first energy level, selected from the list consisting of: an energy level associated with one of the one or more harmonics, and an energy level associated with a frequency of the peak, and
- (b) a second energy level, associated with one of the one or more harmonics;
-
- (a) a first energy level, selected from the list consisting of: an energy level associated with one of the one or more harmonics, and an energy level associated with a frequency of the peak, and
- (b) a second energy level, associated with one of the one or more harmonics;
-
- relatively fast-changing, random breathing patterns, which occur mainly during REM sleep;
- cyclic breathing rate variability patterns, whose typical duration ranges from several seconds to several minutes, e.g. Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR) or periodic breathing;
- slow trends in breathing rates (typically, during normal sleep of a healthy subject, such slow trends include segmented, substantially monotonically declining breathing rates usually lasting several hours; for subjects suffering chronically from certain conditions, such as asthma, the monotonic decline may be less pronounced or absent, as discussed, for example, hereinbelow with reference to
FIG. 5 ); - interruptions in breathing patterns such as coughing and other sleep disturbances; and
- interruptions in breathing patterns caused by momentary waking.
-
- a slow trend breathing rate pattern.
Module 22 interprets as indicative of an approaching or progressing attack an increase vs. baseline, for example, for generally healthy subjects, an attenuation of the typical segmented, monotonic decline of breathing rate typically over at least 1 hour, e.g., over at least 2, 3, or 4 hours, or the transformation of this decline into an increasing breathing rate pattern, depending on the severity of the attack; - a breathing rate pattern.
Module 22 interprets as indicative of an approaching or progressing attack an increase or lack of decrease in breathing rate during the first several hours of sleep, e.g., during the first 2, 3, or 4 hours of sleep. - a breathing rate variability pattern.
Module 22 interprets as indicative of an approaching or progressing attack a decrease in breathing rate variability. Such a decrease generally occurs as the onset of an episode approaches, and intensifies with the progression of shortness of breath during an attack; - a breathing duty-cycle pattern.
Module 22 interprets a substantial increase in the breathing duty-cycle as indicative of an approaching or progressing attack. Breathing duty-cycle patterns include, but are not limited to, inspirium time/total breath cycle time, expirium time/total breath cycle time, and (inspirium+expirium time)/total breath cycle time; - a change in breathing rate pattern towards the end of night sleep (typically between about 3:00 A.M. and about 6:00 A.M.); and
- interruptions in breathing pattern such as caused by coughs, sleep disturbances, or waking.
Module 22 quantifies these events, and determines their relevance to prediction of potential asthma attacks.
- a slow trend breathing rate pattern.
F=A1*ΔP1+A2*ΔP2+ . . . +An*ΔPn (Equation 1)
where Ai is the relative weight given to parameter Pi, and ΔPi is the difference between the value of Pi for a given night and a baseline value defined for Pi. F is typically calculated on an hourly or a nightly basis and compared to a reference value that is predefined or determined based on personal history. If the value of F exceeds the reference value, the system alerts the subject and/or a healthcare worker. As appropriate for any of the parameters Pi, the absolute value of ΔPi may be evaluated, instead of the signed value of ΔPi. As appropriate for any of the parameters Pi, the square, square root, exponential, log, or any other similar function may be evaluated. Alternatively or additionally, for any of the parameters Pi, instead of using ΔPi, a value generated by inputting ΔPi into a lookup table is used. Further alternatively or additionally, the resulting function F is entered into a lookup table (either predefined or learned) in order to interpret the result.
-
- upon each occurrence of an episode, the subject or a healthcare worker enters an indication of the occurrence of the episode into
system 10 viauser interface 24. Alternatively or additionally, the system itself identifies an episode by detecting parameters clearly indicative of an episode (e.g., a respiration rate of over 30 breathers per minute). Further alternatively,system 10 determines that an episode has occurred based on input from drug administration device 266 (e.g., the system interprets a level of usage of an inhaler beyond a certain threshold as indicative of an occurrence of an episode). - from time to time (e.g., once every two weeks),
system 10 compares actual episodes with episodes about which the system provided a warning; - for each correctly predicted episode, false negative, and false positive, the system checks the accuracy of the prediction given by the system according to the current thresholds, weights, and probability distribution; and
- responsively to this check, the system incrementally adjusts one or more of the thresholds, weights, or probability distributions.
- upon each occurrence of an episode, the subject or a healthcare worker enters an indication of the occurrence of the episode into
J(i)=(1−alpha)*J(i−1)+alpha*abs(X(i)) (Equation 2)
where X(i) is the raw signal as sampled from
Score=K*Param+J*DeltaParam+L*DeltaParamRate (Equation 4)
where K, J, and L are coefficients (e.g., equal to 1, 0.2, and 0.4, respectively); Param is the current value of the clinical parameter, for example respiration rate or heart rate; DeltaParam is the difference (e.g., expressed as a percentage) of the parameter versus the patient's baseline; and DeltaParamRate is the change in percent of the parameter between the current time and that in a previous time period, for example between about 10 and about 20 minutes earlier, e.g., about 15 minutes earlier. Typically, Param has a unit of measurement, e.g., breaths per minute, or heartbeats per minute, while DeltaParam and DeltaParamRate do not have units. For some applications, Param is normalized, such as by dividing the measured value by the baseline value and multiplying by a constant, e.g., 100. For example, the upper and lower thresholds for Score may be set to 6 and 40, respectively, for monitoring respiration rate. If Score falls outside the range between the thresholds, the system generates an alert.
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US20140207204A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
US8603010B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
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US20080269625A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
US20150164433A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
US8403865B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 |
US20130144178A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
US8679034B2 (en) | 2014-03-25 |
US20130137998A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
US8992434B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
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