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US6762520B1 - Induction-type electric machine - Google Patents

Induction-type electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US6762520B1
US6762520B1 US10/069,003 US6900302A US6762520B1 US 6762520 B1 US6762520 B1 US 6762520B1 US 6900302 A US6900302 A US 6900302A US 6762520 B1 US6762520 B1 US 6762520B1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
stator
electric machine
reluctance electric
machine according
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US10/069,003
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Ehrhart
Goetz Heidelberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
L3 Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Magnet Motor Gesellschaft fuer Magnetmotorische Technik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magnet Motor Gesellschaft fuer Magnetmotorische Technik GmbH filed Critical Magnet Motor Gesellschaft fuer Magnetmotorische Technik GmbH
Assigned to MAGNET-MOTOR GESELLSCHAFT FUR MAGNETMOTORISCHE TECHNIK MBH reassignment MAGNET-MOTOR GESELLSCHAFT FUR MAGNETMOTORISCHE TECHNIK MBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: EHRHART, PETER, HEIDELBERG, GOTZ
Assigned to MAGNET-MOTOR GESELLSCHAFT FUR MAGNETMOTORISCHE TECHNIK MBH reassignment MAGNET-MOTOR GESELLSCHAFT FUR MAGNETMOTORISCHE TECHNIK MBH A CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNOR NAME ON REEL 012966 FRAME 0976 Assignors: EHRHART, PETER, HEIDELBERG, GOETZ
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US6762520B1 publication Critical patent/US6762520B1/en
Assigned to L-3 COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION reassignment L-3 COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MAGNET-MOTOR GESELLSCHAFT FUR MAGNETMOTORISCHE TECHNIK MBH
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K19/103—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H02K9/197—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil in which the rotor or stator space is fluid-tight, e.g. to provide for different cooling media for rotor and stator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reluctance electric machine comprising
  • stator part with stator teeth of magnetically conductive material that are provided with coil windings
  • the rotor part having a number discrete poles of magnetically conductive material that project in the direction towards the stator part.
  • Reluctance electric machines differ from other electric machines in that they have no electromagnetic or permanent-magnetic excitation part. Reluctance electric machines operate by using the effect of magnetic attraction of magnetically conducting parts under the influence of magnetic flux flowing through are same. Both the stator and the rotor have distinctive magnetically conductive poles. The coil windings have current flowing therethrough such that they attract an adjacent rotor pole each. The current in the stator pole has to be turned off again at the proper time after attraction of the respective rotor pole, in order to release the rotor pole in running direction. For, if the coil current would continue to flow (irrespective of the direction of flow), continued attraction by the stator pole, i.e. a retroactive force, would result that would prevent further rotation of the rotor.
  • the reluctance electric machine according to the invention is characterized in that cooling with channelled coolant flow is provided at least for partial sections of the coil windings of the stator part.
  • the coil windings are provided with an enclosure each.
  • the stator part is provided with an enclosure in its entirety. In all of the cases mentioned, there may be provided, for the space enclosed by the enclosure, one or more coolant supplies and one or more coolant discharges.
  • the portions between the discrete poles may also be filled with a non-magnetic material so that the rotor part is virtually smooth on the air gap side.
  • the invention teaches to make the cooling of the stator part considerably more efficient than with known reluctance electric machines.
  • the electric machine thus can be subjected to considerably higher loads—permanently and not only for short periods, as before.
  • stator poles by way of suitable enclosures, have individually associated cooling spaces or cooling channels that cover only the end face portions and do not project into the air gap.
  • Known reluctance electric machines also have already made use of cooling means.
  • Known concretely are the non-specific blowing of air through the entire electric machine (stator part, air gap, rotor part) or as cooling on the stator part side directed away from the air gap.
  • the reluctance electric machine according to the invention employs direct or quasi-direct cooling of those portions where the heat losses arise in the first place.
  • a first major portion of generation of heat losses are the coil windings (often referred to as “copper losses”; these are caused mainly by the passage of current).
  • the coil windings are cooled directly by cooling medium flowing therealong.
  • the described cooling operation by flow of cooling medium through spaces accommodating coil windings of the stator part constitutes cooling of the stator teeth since—at least with many design types of the coil windings—the cooling medium flows in the spaces mentioned so as to reach the stator teeth and since the coil windings establishing physical contact with the stator teeth dissipate heat from the stator teeth by thermal conduction. Furthermore, the cooling medium usually flows along the stator back between the stator teeth; the stator back receives heat from the stator teeth by thermal conduction.
  • stator teeth have internal flow passages for cooling medium. This provides for direct, particularly efficient internal cooling of the stator teeth. Furthermore, it is pointed out as preferred possibility according to the invention to provide in addition to, or instead of, the described internal cooling of the stator teeth, internal flow passages for cooling medium in the region of the stator part which are set back from the stator teeth.
  • the term “reluctance electric machine” used in the present application comprises both electric motors (conversion of electric energy to mechanical energy) as well as current generators (conversion of mechanical energy to electric energy).
  • stator part is not supposed to mean that the stator part cogently is to be non-moving
  • rotor part is not supposed to mean that the rotor part cogently is supposed to be a rotatable part of the electric machine. Rather, it is easily possible to provide the stator part (i.e. the part of the electric machine provided with coil windings) as rotating machine part and the rotor part as stationary, non-moving machine part.
  • both the stator part and the rotor part rotate at different speeds and/or different directions of rotation, in particular when they are connected to each other via a gear system or part of a gear system, e.g. a planetary gear system.
  • the electric machine according to the invention preferably is formed with electronic activation and deactivation of the coil winding, currents.
  • a suitable sensor or on the basis of electric information from feeding the electric motor, the rotational relative position between stupor part and rotor part is ascertained; the current through the coil windings is turned on and off again at the proper time each.
  • Suitable electric circuits and suitable electronic components for realizing the described current control for electric motors and current withdrawal for generators, respectively, are known and need not be described here in more detail.
  • the reluctance electric machine according to the invention may be designed to have a—roughly speaking—cylindrical air gap (so that cooperating pairs of stator pole and rotor pole, so to speak, are “confronting” each other in radial direction) or—roughly speaking—an air gap located in a plane perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the rotor part (so that cooperating pairs of stator pole and rotor pole, so to speak, are “confronting” each other in axial direction). It is possible in both cases to make use of several air gap portions, i.e.
  • stator part for example several cylindrical air gap portions on different diameters of the electric machine or several “planar” air gap portions axially beside each other; in both cases there is formed a sequence of stator part—rotor part—stator part—rotor part—stator part etc.
  • the stator part is provided with a sealing layer on the side facing the air gap.
  • a sealing layer By means of the sealing layer, it is possible in particularly simple manner in terms of construction to seal the spaces accommodating the coil windings in the direction towards the air gap in tight manner with respect to the cooling medium.
  • the sealing layer In case of the—roughly speaking—cylindrical air gap, the sealing layer normally is cylindrical or substantially cylindrical. In case of the “planar” air gap arranged perpendicularly to the axis of rotation, the sealing layer normally is planar or substantially planar and, in a front view, has substantially the shape of a ring of a circle.
  • the sealing layer has a first layer for fulfilling the sealing function and a second layer for taking up the forces acting on the sealing layer.
  • the first layer may preferably by a plastics film.
  • the second layer may preferably consist of plastics material, in particular fiber-reinforced plastics material (e.g. reinforced with carbon fibers).
  • the thickness of the sealing layer is preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mm.
  • the reluctance electric machine according to the invention may use either liquid cooling medium or gaseous cooling medium.
  • Liquid cooling medium as a rule leads to higher cooling efficiency.
  • the stator part on the side directed away from the rotor part, is designed such that the heat transfer is increased. This can be achieved by increasing the surface area or also and in addition by the generation of turbulent flow. Heat dissipation ribs are indicated as a concrete example in this respect.
  • cooling can be effected either with the same cooling medium ad the one flowing through the flow passages associated with the coil windings.
  • a different cooling medium on this “rear side” e.g. cooling air supplied by a fan or air without forced movement.
  • the coil windings in the winding head portions located on the face side of the stator teeth are provided with flow passages for the cooling medium that are left free between oil winding conductors.
  • the coil winding in the grooves between the stator teeth normally should be wound as densely packed as possible for electric and magnetic reasons, in particular for reducing losses, it is more tolerable in the winding head portions located on the face side of the stator teeth to arrange either individual coil winding conductors in spaced apart manner or, as a further example, to leave small distances between winding layers, e.g. in axial direction.
  • the measures mentioned serve to intensify the heat transfer in the winding head portions mentioned.
  • the coil windings of the stator part are in the form of individual coils that are not interlinked with respect to the magnetic flux. This is conceivable, for example, such that a prefabricated individual coil is slid onto each individual stator tooth.
  • the individual coils either are electrically connected to each other directly (e.g. in series or in parallel) or are connected individually or in groups to the electronic current control.
  • the cooling medium in the internal cooling circuit and the additional cooling medium in the external cooling circuit may be the same cooling media.
  • particularly preferred is a design in which the cooling medium in the internal cooling circuit is electrically non-conductive oil and the additional cooling-medium in the external cooling circuit is a different cooling liquid, in particular water.
  • an additional heat exchanger via which the external cooling circuit dissipates its heat to the environment.
  • the internal cooling circuit has a circulation pump of its own.
  • the internal cooling circuit and the heat exchanger preferably are integrated in terms of space on the reluctance electric machine.
  • the external cooling circuit may, but does not have to, extend a distance away from the reluctance electric machine.
  • the described design with two coupled cooling circuits allows the necessary volume of cooling medium in the internal cooling circuit to be kept low. This is favorable since, as a general rule, special cooling medium has to be employed here which may establish contact with the portions of the electric machine subjected to the coolant, without disturbance being caused thereby.
  • These specific cooling media e.g. electrically non-conductive cooling oil, are comparatively expensive.
  • German patent application 196 51 119.4 A concrete embodiment for an electric motor cooling means with internal and external cooling circuits is described in German patent application 196 51 119.4. The total contents of this laid open publication is made part of the instant application by making reference thereto.
  • the reluctance electric machine according to the invention has one or more features that are disclosed in said German patent application 196 51 119.4.
  • FIG. 1 shows a reluctance electric machine in a cross-sectional view (which is transverse to the axis of rotation of the machine);
  • FIG. 2 shows a part of reluctance electric machine of FIG. 1 in a sectional view along the line II—II in FIG. 1 (which is in circumferential direction and then developed in the drawing plane;
  • FIG. 3 shows part of the reluctance electric machine of FIG. 1 in a sectional view along the line III—III in FIG. 2 (which is a planar section containing the axis of rotation).
  • FIG. 4 shows an electric machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention as seen in the direction of its axes.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates most clearly a stator part 4 located radially farther inside, a rotor part 6 located radially farther outside, and therebetween a—roughly speaking—cylindrical air gap of a reluctance electric machine, which in the following will be briefly referred to as “electric machine 2 ” only.
  • the stator part 4 of the electric machine 2 has a base portion 10 located radially farther inside and having stator teeth 12 projecting radially outwardly therefrom. Progressing in circumferential direction, there is provided a series of stator teeth 12 . A groove 14 is provided between two adjacent stator teeth 12 each. The stator teeth 12 are slightly rounded at the top in the form of a circular curve. The radially outer ends of the stator teeth 12 constitute stator poles 16 which are all located on a common cylinder surface.
  • the stator part 4 consists with its base portion 10 and its stator teeth 12 of stator sheets which are stacked successively in the direction perpendicularly to the drawing plane of FIG. 1 and are connected to each other e.g. by adhesive bonding.
  • the rotor part 6 Located farther radially outside, the rotor part 6 has a base portion 18 from which project discrete rotor poles 20 in the direction towards the air gap 8 .
  • the rotor pole surfaces 22 are substantially as long as the stator pole surfaces 16 .
  • Both the stator part 4 , as described so far, along with its base portion 10 and its stator teeth 12 , and the rotor part 6 along with its base portion 18 and its rotor poles 20 , consist of magnetically conducting material.
  • Each stator pole 12 has a coil 24 arranged thereon.
  • Each stator tooth 12 has a winding wound in opposite direction to that of its two neighboring stator teeth 12 .
  • This illustrated embodiment of the electric machine 2 has a rotatable external rotor part 6 whose axis of rotation is indicated with an arrow 26 .
  • the stator part 4 is non-rotatable. In the rotational relative position of rotor part 6 relative to the stator part 4 , as illustrated in FIG. 1, the windings 24 of all stator teeth 12 are activated. As soon as the rotor part 26 has moved a distance further in a counterclockwise direction, i.e., when rotor poles 20 are each substantially opposite a stator pole 16 , the current is turned off for all windings 24 . The rotor part 6 continues to rotate due to inertia, and the currents through the coils or windings 24 are turned on again as soon as each rotor pole 20 is arranged substantially centrally between two adjacent stator poles 16 .
  • a sealing layer 28 is placed cylindrically around the outside of the stator pole areas 16 and is attached to the stator part 4 .
  • the sealing layer 28 consists of a radially inner, first layer 30 for fulfilling a sealing function and a radially outer, second layer 32 for taking up the forces acting on the sealing layer 28 .
  • the sealing layer 28 By means of the sealing layer 28 , the groove spaces located between two adjacent stator teeth 12 each are closed radially towards the outside so as to provide tightness with respect to the cooling medium.
  • FIG. 1 shows furthermore axially extending flow passages 34 inside the stator teeth 12 as well as axially extending flow passages 36 inside the base portion 10 of the stator part 4 .
  • FIG. 2 shows that he coils 24 are “thicker” in the winding head portions 38 located on the face side of the stator teeth 12 than in the groove portions 14 .
  • the individual layers of the respective coil 24 are arranged at a small spacing so that so to back internal flow passages are formed there.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates how flow passages 39 are formed that are closed on the face side of the stator teeth 12 and extend in a circumferential direction.
  • the stator part 4 has mounted thereon an annular enclosure 40 of U-shaped cross-section.
  • Enclosure 40 consists, e.g., of plastic material.
  • the legs of enclosure 40 have the sealing layer 28 resting thereon on the radial outside thereof.
  • Arrow IV indicates the viewing direction of FIG. 4, described below.
  • cooling medium In the groove portions 14 and flow passages 39 , respectively, there is provided e.g. electrically non-conducting oil as cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium can enter one of the flow passages 39 , e.g. at a specific location such as coolant supply 44 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, for example. It then flows in circumferential direction in this flow passage 39 and cools the winding head portions 38 on this face side of the stator part 4 .
  • the cooling medium can pass over, through the groove flow passages 14 , to the other circumferential flow passage 39 , thus cooling in the groove flow passages 14 the regions of the coils 24 located there.
  • the cooling medium then flows in the other circumferential flow passage 39 and is discharged at such a location, such as coolant discharge 46 in FIGS.
  • the entire stator part 4 has been cooled.
  • the flow of the cooling medium establishes contact with the stator teeth 12 at numerous locations and, at the bottom of the respective groove 14 , also with the base portion 10 of the stator part 4 , so that heat is dissipated from the iron components of the stator part 4 as well.
  • the flow passages 34 and/or 36 may be provided and have cooling medium flowing therethrough, whereby still more intensive cooling of the iron components of the stator part 4 results.
  • the stator part 4 on the inner circumferential area thereof, may be provided with ribs 42 projecting radially inwardly, so that better heat dissipation conditions are present there, e.g. to the liquid cooling medium or, in case a corresponding design of the construction, also to a gaseous cooling medium, in particular air.
  • FIG. 4 shows the entire electric machine 2 (See FIG. 1) as seen from the viewing direction indicated by arrow IV in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 4 shows exemplary locations for the at least on coolant supply 44 and at least one coolant discharge 46 .
  • circulation pump 48 Also shown in FIG. 4 are circulation pump 48 , heat changer 50 , and external cooling circuit 52 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
US10/069,003 1999-08-20 2000-08-14 Induction-type electric machine Expired - Fee Related US6762520B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19939598A DE19939598A1 (de) 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Reluktanz-Elektromaschine
DE19939598 1999-08-20
PCT/EP2000/007929 WO2001015304A1 (de) 1999-08-20 2000-08-14 Reluktanz-elektromaschine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US6762520B1 true US6762520B1 (en) 2004-07-13

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US10/069,003 Expired - Fee Related US6762520B1 (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-14 Induction-type electric machine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6762520B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1205019B1 (de)
AU (1) AU6838700A (de)
DE (2) DE19939598A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2001015304A1 (de)

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US20060232145A1 (en) * 2005-04-15 2006-10-19 Nikon Corporation System for cooling motors
US20060250037A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2006-11-09 Siemens Aktiengessellschaft Electrical machine having a stator that is enclosed in an explosion-proof manner
US20070200441A1 (en) * 2006-02-27 2007-08-30 El-Antably Ahmed M Cooling system for a stator assembly
US20100327688A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2010-12-30 Ddis Electric machine with axial flux and permanent magnets
US20120068569A1 (en) * 2009-04-08 2012-03-22 Holger Henning Dynamoelectric machine
US20130088116A1 (en) * 2010-04-13 2013-04-11 Robert Chin Electrical Machine With Circumferentially Skewed Rotor Poles Or Stator Coils
US20130113311A1 (en) * 2011-09-30 2013-05-09 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Internal cooling of magnetic core for electric machine
US20130140935A1 (en) * 2009-06-29 2013-06-06 Martin Houle Slot Liner and Interphase Insulator Combination
US20130241368A1 (en) * 2010-11-12 2013-09-19 Yujing Liu Rotating Electrical Machine And Corresponding Method
US20130249345A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2013-09-26 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Segmented rotor in a rotor assembly
US20140015347A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Lcdrives Corp. Liquid cooled high efficiency permanent magnet machine with in slot glycol cooling
US20140015352A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Lcdrives Corp. High efficiency permanent magnet machine with concentrated winding and double coils
US20140015351A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Lcdrives Corp. Liquid cooled high efficiency permanent magnet machine with glycol cooling
US20140361546A1 (en) * 2012-01-27 2014-12-11 Alstom Renovables España, S.L. Stator assembly for a wind turbine generator
US20150171694A1 (en) * 2013-02-20 2015-06-18 Raymond James Walsh Halbach motor and generator
US20160156251A1 (en) * 2013-07-16 2016-06-02 Equipmake Ltd A Stator And A Rotor For An Electric Motor
US20160226327A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Prippel Technologies, Llc Electric machine stator with liquid cooled teeth
US20170005537A1 (en) * 2013-12-05 2017-01-05 Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. Rotary Electric Machine
EP2523314A3 (de) * 2011-05-12 2018-01-03 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Verbessertes Zweiflüssigkeitenkühlsystem für einen elektrischen Motor
EP3396820A1 (de) * 2017-04-24 2018-10-31 Rolls-Royce plc Elektromaschinenvorrichtung
US10483817B2 (en) 2013-07-16 2019-11-19 Equipmake Ltd Rotor for an electric motor including a structure for retaining rotor segments and permanent magnets on a hub thereof
US20210001714A1 (en) * 2019-07-03 2021-01-07 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Drive train for a motor vehicle having a directly cooled electric machine and a transmission, and a motor vehicle
WO2021055913A1 (en) * 2019-09-20 2021-03-25 Helix Power Corporation Stator cooling for flywheel energy storage system
US11143277B2 (en) 2019-09-20 2021-10-12 Helix Power Corporation Rotor hub for flywheel energy storage system
US11146131B2 (en) 2019-09-20 2021-10-12 Helix Power Corporation Composite rotor for flywheel energy storage system
US11211837B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2021-12-28 General Dynamics Land Systems—Canada Actuator with individually computerized and networked electromagnetic poles
US11356005B2 (en) * 2017-05-15 2022-06-07 Huazhong University Of Science And Technology Rotor, stator and multi-working-harmonic permanent magnet motor
US11456639B2 (en) 2017-05-24 2022-09-27 Equipmake Ltd Rotor for an electric motor
US11588379B2 (en) * 2019-07-01 2023-02-21 Dr. Ing. H. C. F. Porsche Ag Arrangement for cooling an electric machine in a motor vehicle, and method for operating the arrangement

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DE202014011204U1 (de) 2014-12-01 2018-08-14 Compact Dynamics Gmbh Elektrische Maschine mit Nutverschluss
ES2815574T3 (es) 2015-04-09 2021-03-30 Ge Energy Power Conversion Technology Ltd Máquina eléctrica y método
US10778056B2 (en) * 2017-05-16 2020-09-15 Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation Generator with enhanced stator cooling and reduced windage loss
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DE19939598A1 (de) 2001-03-08
DE50002381D1 (de) 2003-07-03
EP1205019B1 (de) 2003-05-28
WO2001015304A1 (de) 2001-03-01
WO2001015304A9 (de) 2002-09-06
EP1205019A1 (de) 2002-05-15

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