Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N49/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds containing the group, wherein m+n>=1, both X together may also mean —Y— or a direct carbon-to-carbon bond, and the carbon atoms marked with an asterisk are not part of any ring system other than that which may be formed by the atoms X, the carbon atoms in square brackets being part of any acyclic or cyclic structure, or the group, wherein A means a carbon atom or Y, n>=0, and not more than one of these carbon atoms being a member of the same ring system, e.g. juvenile insect hormones or mimics thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/96—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • A01N33/04—Nitrogen directly attached to aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • A01N33/08—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds containing oxygen or sulfur
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
  • A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
  • A01N33/08—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds containing oxygen or sulfur
  • A01N33/10—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds containing oxygen or sulfur having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom directly attached to an aromatic ring system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N39/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing aryloxy- or arylthio-aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds, containing the group or, e.g. phenoxyethylamine, phenylthio-acetonitrile, phenoxyacetone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
  • A01N45/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring having three carbocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
  • A01N57/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds
  • A01N57/32—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds containing heterocyclic radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
  • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
  • C07D239/48—Two nitrogen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
  • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
  • C07D239/50—Three nitrogen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/645—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/6509—Six-membered rings
  • C07F9/6512—Six-membered rings having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 3
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
  • Y10T428/31645—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
  • Y10T428/31649—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel substituted 2,4-diamino-5-cyanopyrimidines and salts and intermediates thereof, to the preparation of these compounds and to their use for controlling noxious insects and ectoparasites.
• novel compounds have the general formula I ##STR5## wherein R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl or C 2 -C 6 alkynyl,
• R 2 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or
• R 1 and R 2 when taken together, are a radical selected from the group consisting of --(CH 2 ) 3 --, --(CH 2 ) 4 and --(CH 2 ) 5 ,
• R 3 is hydrogen or a radical --CO--R 5 or --SO 2 --R 6 ,
• R 4 is a radical selected from the group consisting of --NH 2 , --NH--CO--R 5 , --NH--SO 2 --R 6 , ##STR6##
• R 5 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, perhalogenated C 1 -C 3 alkyl or the radical ##STR7##
• R 6 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl
• R 7 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl
• R 8 and R 9 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl or, when taken together, are a radical selected from the group consisting of --(CH 2 ) 3 --, --(CH 2 ) 4 -- and --(CH 2 ) 5 ,
• R 10 is a radical --SO 2 --R 13 or ##STR8##
• R 11 and R 12 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 alkyl or, when taken together, are a radical selected from the group consisting of --(CH 2 ) 3 --, --(CH 2 ) 4 -- and --(CH 2 ) 5 ,
• R 13 is C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 1 -C 10 alkyl which is substituted by up to 10 halogen atoms, or is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl
• R 14 and R 15 are each independently of the other C 1 -C 10 alkyl
• X and Y are each independently of the othe oxygen or sulfur, and salts thereof.
• halogen atoms and halogen substituents will be understood as meaning fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, with fluorine and chlorine being preferred.
• preferred compounds of formula I are those wherein
• R 1 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl
• R 2 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or
• R 1 and R 2 when taken together, are a radical --(CH 2 ) 4 -- or --(CH 2 ) 5 --,
• R 3 is hydrogen
• R 4 is a radical --NH 2 or --NH--CO--R 5 ,
• R 5 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl or perhalogenated C 1 -C 3 alkyl, and salts thereof; as well as compounds of formula I, wherein
• R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 2 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl or cyclopropyl
• R 3 is hydrogen
• R 4 is a radical --NH 2 or --NH--CO--R 5 ,
• R 5 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl
• R 1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl
• R 2 is cyclopropyl
• R 3 is hydrogen
• R 4 is a radical --NH 2 or --NH--CO--C 2 --H 5 ,
• salts of compounds of formula I are meant the physiologically tolerable addition salts of inorganic and organic acids.
• inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid and nitric acid.
• organic acids are trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, aconitic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and methanesulfonic acid.
• the compounds of formula I can be prepared by
• organic solvent such as acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or a solvent/water mixture.
• process variant (b) in which the 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-5-cyanopyrimidine of formula III is reacted with an amine of formula IV.
• reaction with ammonia is preferably carried out in an autoclave under elevated pressure in the temperature range from 100° to 170° C., usually at about 160° C.
• acylation reactions are carried out under normal pressure in inert solvents or diluents under normal pressure and in the presence of a base in the temperature range from 0° to 120° C., preferably from 40° to 80° C.
• suitable solvents and diluents are: alkanes such as n-pentane as well as homologs thereof, including isomers up to n-heptadecane; ethers such as diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, dibutyl ether, dimethoxyethane, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride or chlorobenzene; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene or xylenes.
• inert solvents and diluents may also be suitably used in the process of this invention.
• Possible bases which may be suitably used in these reactions are e.g. alkylamines such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine, as well as pyridine or N-methylpyrrolidone.
• the starting compounds of formula II are novel and likewise constitute an object of the present invention, especially because they also have good pesticidal, in particular insecticidal, properties. They can be prepared as follows:
• the starting compound of formula III i.e. 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-5-cyanopyrimidine
• the starting compound of formula III is known from Chem. Ber. 1968, 1244, but can be prepared in accordance with the following reaction scheme from the above compound of formula VII by oxidation to the sulfone and replacement of --SO 2 CH 3 by --NH 2 by reaction with ammonia: ##STR18##
• Pesticidal, especially insecticidal, 2,4,6-triamino-5-nitropyrimidines, the amino groups of which may be substituted, are already known from European patent application No. 0084.758.
• the compounds of formulae I and II differ structurally from these known compounds materially in that they contain the cyano group in 5-position.
• the compounds of formulae I and II and salts thereof have excellent properties as pesticides while being well tolerated by plants and having low toxicity to warm-blooded animals. They are particularly suitable for controlling insects and representatives of the order Acarina that attack plants and animals.
• the compounds of formulae I and II are suitable for controlling insects of the orders: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Heteroptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Anoplura, Siphonaptera, Mallophaga, Thysanura, Isoptera, Psocoptera and Hymenoptera, as well as representatives of the order Acarina of the families: Ixodidae, Argasidae, Tetranychidae and Dermanyssidae.
• the compounds of this invention are also suitable for controlling plant-destructive feeding insects in ornamentals and crops of useful plants, especially in cotton (e.g. against Spodoptera littoralis and Heliothis virescens) and in fruit and vegetables (e.g. against Plutella xylostella, Laspeyresia pomonella, Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Epilachna varivestis).
• the compounds of formulae I and II are also effective against rice pests.
• the compounds of formulae I and II have also a pronounced ovicidal and, in particular, larvicidal action against insects, especially against larvae of noxious feeding insects. If the active compounds of are ingested by adult insect stages with the feed, then a diminished oviposition and/or reduced hatching rate is observed in many insects, especially in Coleopterae, e.g. Anthonomus grandis.
• the compounds of formulae I and II can also be used for controlling ectoparasites such as Lucilia sericata, in domestic animals and productive livestock, e.g. by treating animals, cowsheds, barns, stables, etc., and pastures.
• ectoparasites such as Lucilia sericata
• the surprising adhesive action of the active substances provides a long-lasting toxic effect against ectoparasites, e.g. harmful Diptera, on the skin and fur of the animals. This prevents the active substances which have been applied to the skin or fur of productive livestock from being prematurely washed out or washed off by rainwater as it drips off the animals.
• ectoparasites e.g. harmful Diptera
• a particular advantage of the compounds of the invention resides in their oral administration to productive livestock.
• the active ingredients exhibit an effective and prolonged insecticidal activity, in particular in the faeces excreted from the alimentary canal. Consequently, infestation by harmful insects, in particular Diptera, can be prevented before the pests occur in the vicinity of the animals, e.g. in livestock buildings, in enclosures and on grazing land, as the Diptera larvae hatching from the deposited eggs are killed immediately.
• a particularly important feature of this special form of application is that, by virtue of their structural properties, the compounds of formula I are physiologically harmless to warm-blooded animals. This method of selectively controlling the proliferation of insects is considerably more efficient and at the same time more economical than the customary methods of treating livestock buildings and enclosures on a large scale.
• the good pesticidal activity of the compounds of formulae I and II corresponds to a mortality of at least 50-60% of the above pests.
• the activity of the compounds of the invention and of the compositions containing them can be substantially broadened and adapted to prevailing circumstances by addition of other insecticides and/or acaricides.
• suitable additives include: organophosphorus compounds, nitrophenols and derivatives thereof, formamidines, ureas, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and Bacillus thuringiensis preparations.
• the compounds of the invention are used in unmodified form, or preferably together with the adjuvants conventionally employed in the art of formulation, and are therefore formulated in known manner to emulsifiable concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts, granulates, and also encapsulations in e.g. polymer substances.
• the methods of application such as spraying, atomising, dusting, scattering or pouring, are chosen in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances.
• compositions, preparations or mixtures containing the compound (active ingredient) of formula I or II combinations thereof with other insecticides or acaricides, and, where appropriate, a solid or liquid adjuvant are prepared in known manner, e.g. by homogeneously mixing and/or grinding the active ingredients with extenders, e.g. solvents, solid carriers and, in some cases, surface-active compounds (surfactants).
• extenders e.g. solvents, solid carriers and, in some cases, surface-active compounds (surfactants).
• Suitable solvents are: aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably the fractions containing 8 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. xylene mixtures or substituted naphthalenes, phthalates such as dibutyl phthalate or dioctyl phthalate, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, alcohols and glycols and their ethers and esters, such as ethanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether, ketones such as cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylformamide, as well as vegetable oils or epoxidised vegetable oils such as epoxidised coconut oil or soybean oil; or water.
• aromatic hydrocarbons preferably the fractions containing 8 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g. xylene mixtures or substituted naphthalenes, phthalates such as dibut
• the solid carriers used e.g. for dusts and dispersible powders are normally natural mineral fillers such as calcite, talcum, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite.
• Suitable granulated adsorptive carriers are porous types, for example pumice, broken brick, sepiolite or bentonite; and suitable nonsorbent carriers are materials such as calcite or sand.
• a great number of pregranulated materials of inorganic or organic nature can be used, e.g. especially dolomite or pulverised plant residues.
• suitable surface-active compounds are non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties.
• surfactants will also be understood as comprising mixtures of surfactants.
• Suitable anionic surfactants can be both water-soluble soaps and water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds.
• Suitable soaps are the alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or unsubstituted or substituted ammonium salts of higher fatty acids (C 10 -C 22 ), e.g. the sodium or potassium salts of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures which can be obtained, e.g. from coconut oil or tallow oil.
• Further suitable surfactants are also the fatty acid methyltaurin salts as well as modified and unmodified phospholipids.
• so-called synthetic surfactants are used, especially fatty sulfonates, fatty sulfates, sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives or alkylarylsulfonates.
• the fatty sulfonates or sulfates are usually in the form of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts or unsubstituted or substituted ammonium salts and contain a C 8 -C 22 alkyl radical which also includes the alkyl moiety of acyl radicals, e.g. the sodium or calcium salt of lignosulfonic acid, of dodecylsulfate, or of a mixture of fatty alcohol sulfates obtained from natural fatty acids.
• acyl radicals e.g. the sodium or calcium salt of lignosulfonic acid, of dodecylsulfate, or of a mixture of fatty alcohol sulfates obtained from natural fatty acids.
• These compounds also comprise the salts of sulfated and sulfonated fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide adducts.
• the sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives preferably contain 2 sulfonic acid groups and one fatty acid radical containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
• alkylarylsulfonates are the sodium, calcium or triethanolamine salts of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, or of a condensate of naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde.
• corresponding phosphates e.g. salts of the phosphoric acid ester of an adduct of p-nonylphenol with 4 to 14 moles of ethylene oxide.
• Non-ionic surfactants are preferably polyglycol ether derivatives of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, or saturated or unsaturated fatty acids and alkylphenols, said derivatives containing 3 to 30 glycol ether groups and 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the (aliphatic) hydrocarbon moiety and 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety of the alkylphenols.
• non-ionic surfactants are the water-soluble adducts of polyethylene oxide with polypropylene glycol, ethylenediaminopolypropylene glycol and alkylpolypropylene glycol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, which adducts contain 20 to 250 ethylene glycol ether groups and 10 to 100 propylene glycol ether groups. These compounds usually contain 1 to 5 ethylene glycol units per propylene glycol unit.
• non-ionic surfactants are nonylphenolpolyethoxyethanols, castor oil polyglycol ethers, polypropylene/polyethylene oxide adducts, tributylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, polyethylene glycol and octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol.
• Fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, e.g. polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate, are also suitable non-ionic surfactants.
• Cationic surfactants are preferably quaternary ammonium salts which contain, as N-substituent, at least one C 8 -C 22 alkyl radical and, as further substituents, unsubstituted or halogenated lower alkyl, benzyl or hydroxy-lower alkyl radicals.
• the salts are preferably in the form of halides, methylsulfates or ethylsulfates, e.g. stearyltrimethylammonium chloride or benzyldi(2-chloroethyl)ethylammonium bromide.
• the pesticidal compositions usually contain 0.1 to 99%, preferably 0.1 to 95%, of active ingredient or combination thereof with other insecticides or acaricides, 1 to 99.9% of a solid or liquid adjuvant, and 0 to 25%, preferably 0.1 to 20%, of a surfactant.
• compositions may also contain further ingredients, such as stabilisers, antifoams, viscosity regulators, binders, tackifiers as well as fertilisers or other active ingredients in order to obtain special effects.
• further ingredients such as stabilisers, antifoams, viscosity regulators, binders, tackifiers as well as fertilisers or other active ingredients in order to obtain special effects.
• a reaction vessel is charged at 0° C. with a suspension of 50 g of finely powdered 2-chloro-4-amino-5-cyano-6-methylthiopyrimidine in 750 ml of dioxane and 250 ml of water. With stirring and without cooling, a strong stream of chlorine gas is passed into this suspension. A clear solution forms after about 20 minutes. The introduction of chlorine is complete after a further 30 minutes and the batch is stirred for 1/2 hour. The reaction mixture is concentrated by evaporation and the residue is suspended in 600 ml of ice-water and the suspension is filtered. 46.4 g of the residual 2-chloro-4-amino-5-cyano-6-methylsulfonylpyrimidine (m.p. 253° C.
• Formulations for active ingredients according to Examples 1 to 3 or combinations thereof with other insecticides or acaricides (throughout, percentages are by weight)
• the active ingredient or combination is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders which can be diluted with water to give suspensions of the desired concentration.
• Emulsions of any required concentration can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.
• Ready for use dusts are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with the carrier, and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill.
• the active ingredient or combination is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is subsequently moistened with water.
• the mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.
• the finely ground active ingredient or combination is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granulates are obtained in this manner.
• the finely ground active ingredient or combination is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired concentration can be obtained by dilution with water.
• the active ingredient is dissolved in the bulk of the mixture of the two solvents.
• the sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate is subsequently dissolved in the resultant solution, with heating if necessary, and the rest of the solvent mixture is added.
• Each batch of flushed out pupae is counted to determine the toxic effect of the test compound on the maggot development. A count is then made after 10 days of the number of flies which have hatched out of the pupae.
• Freshly deposited eggs of the blowfly (L. cuprina) are put in small portions (30-50 eggs) into each of a number of test tubes, in which 4 ml of nutrient medium have been mixed with 1 ml of test solution. After inoculation of the culture medium, the test tubes are sealed with cotton-wool plugs and are then incubated in an incubator at 30° C. for 4 days. In the untreated medium serving as control, larvae about 1 cm in length (stage 3) have developed by the end of this 4-day period. When a substance is active, by the end of this period the larvae are either dead or moribund.
• Repellency is also taken into account, since this causes the larvae to migrate from the medium and consequently to starve to death.
• a concentration of 800 ppm is obtained by pipetting a specific amount of a 0.1% solution of the test compound in acetone onto the surface of 150 ml of water in a beaker. After the acetone has evaporated, 30 to 40 two-day old larvae of Aedes aegypti are put into the beaker containing the test compound. Mortality counts are made after 1, 2 and 5 days.
• compounds of 1.1 and 1.2 effect 80-100% kill against Spodoptera larvae at a concentration of 200 and 400 ppm respectively.
• Compounds 1.1 and 1.2 effect 80-100% kill against Heliothis larvae at a concentration of 100 ppm and 400 ppm respectively.
• test tube 50 nymphs are counted into a test tube and immersed for 1 to 2 minutes in 2 ml of an aqueous emulsion prepared from a dilution series containing 400 ppm of test compound.
• the test tube is then sealed with a standard cotton wool plug and placed on its head to enable the cotton wool to absorb the emulsion. Evaluation is made 1 week later. Two replicates are carried out for each test compound.
• Tests are carried out with 20 OP-sensitive and 20 OP-resistant larvae using a dilution series similar to that used in Test A. (The resistance refers to the tolerance towards diazinone).
• compounds of formulae I and II according to Examples 1 to 3 are very effective against nympths and larvae of the ticks Ambylomma hebraeum and Boophilus microplus.
• Rice plants are sprayed with a solution containing 400 ppm of test compound. After the spray coating has dried, the plants are populated with nymphs of Nilaparvata lugens in the N 2 or N 3 stage. Two plants are used per test compound and per test species. Evaluation of the mortality rate is made 6 days later. The test is carried out at 26° C. and 60% relative humidity. In this test, compound 1.1 is 80-100% effective against nymphs of Nilaparvata lugens.
• the test is carried out with growing plants. For this purpose rice plants about 20 days old and about 15 cm in height are planted into each of a number of pots (diameter: 5.5 cm).
• each plant in each pot are sprayed on a rotary table with 100 ml of an acetonic solution containing 400 ppm of the test compound. After the spray coating has dried, each plant is populated with 20 nymphs of the test organisms in the second or third stage. To prevent the cicadas from escaping, a plexiglass cylinder is slipped over each of the plants and sealed with a gauze top. The nymphs are kept for 5 days on the treated plants, which have to be resprayed at least once. The test is carried out at a temperature of about 23° C. and at 55% relative humidity. The plants are exposed to light for a period of 16 hours per day.
• compound 1.1 according to Example 1 is 80-100% effective.
• Potted Chinese cabbage plants (pot size: 10 cm diameter) in the 4-leaf stage are sprayed with aqueous emulsions which contain the test compound in concentrations of 3 to 400 ppm and which dry on the plants.
• each treated Chinese cabbage plant is populated with 10 Plutella xylostella larvae in the L 2 -stage.
• the test is carried out at 24° C. and at 60% relative humidity in dim light. After 2 and 5 days evaluation is made to determine the percentage mortality of the larvae.

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• 1987
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