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US3850834A - Soap compositions capable of dispersing lime soaps - Google Patents

Soap compositions capable of dispersing lime soaps Download PDF

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Publication number
US3850834A
US3850834A US00163858A US16385871A US3850834A US 3850834 A US3850834 A US 3850834A US 00163858 A US00163858 A US 00163858A US 16385871 A US16385871 A US 16385871A US 3850834 A US3850834 A US 3850834A
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Prior art keywords
fatty acid
soap
alkyl
acid
composition according
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US00163858A
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English (en)
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K Hellsten
A Klingberg
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Mo och Domsjo AB
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Mo och Domsjo AB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
    • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
    • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
    • C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
    • C11D9/26—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen
    • C11D9/267—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins containing oxygen containing free fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Soap compositions capable of dispersing lime soaps formed by soap in hard water, and comprising a watersoluble fatty acid soap, an amount within the range from about to about 15 percent by weight of free fatty acid having from about ten to about twenty-two carbon atoms, and anamount within the range from about 0.5 to about 3 percent by weight of an alkyl or alkyl phenol ether of an oxyalkylene glycol sulfate.
  • British Pat. No. 945,062 describes toilet soap compositions containing more than 5 percent alkyl ether sul fates.
  • synthetic surfactants such as nonionic surfactants or alkyl ether sulfates
  • the surfactant considerably reduces plasticity, resulting in an increased tendency towards crack formation, and the composition also has an increased tendency to swell when in contact with moisture.
  • soap powders In soap powders, an admixture of as muchas 5 percent of a surfactant or dispersing agent in the form of a nonionic surfactant, such as a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether, results in the powders becoming soft and sticky, so that they are difficult to process during manufacture, and also tend to become lumpy and form large agglomerates in storage. Therefore, in soap powders a small amount of nonionic surfactantis generally used, together with a sodium tripolyphosphate or other sodium polyphosphate salt for lime soap dispersion.
  • a nonionic surfactantis generally used, together with a sodium tripolyphosphate or other sodium polyphosphate salt for lime soap dispersion.
  • an addition of from 4 to 5 percent of an anionic surfactant as the dispersing agent generally causes no change in the physical characteristics of the soap powder, but results in an undesirable stabilization of the lather volume in the washing solution, which is particularly disadvantageous when the composition is used for washing in automatic washing machines.
  • an anionic surfactant for example, an alkyl ether sulfate
  • soap compositions are provided based on a water-soluble fatty acid soap, comprising an amount within the range from about 5 to about 15 percent by weight of the soap of free fatty acid having from about ten to about twenty-two carbon atoms, and an amount within the range from about 0.5 to about 3 percent by weight of the soap of an alkyl or alkyl phenol oxyalkylene ether sulfate in which the alkyl group has from about ten to about twenty carbon atoms and the alkyl phenol has an alkyl chain having from about eight to about fifteen carbon atoms and the oxyalkylene unit is derived from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof.
  • compositions give a substantially complete dispersion of lime soaps at temperatures as low as 40C. and a soap concentration of as low as 1 gram per liter of water having a hardness of 20 These compositions also have substantially the same physical properties as ordinary soap with respect to plasticity and swellability in the presence of moisture.
  • the water-soluble soaps which can be used in the soap compositions-of the invention are the alkali metal soaps, such as sodium, potassium and lithium soaps, as well as the ammonium and organic amine soaps of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having from about ten to about twenty-two carbon atoms.
  • the organic amine can be of any of those noted below.
  • the saturated fatty acids are preferred, since they are more stable, and are not as easily oxidized as the unsaturated acids.
  • fatty acids include capric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, tridecoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ri-
  • cinoleic acid myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, erucic acid and behenic acid
  • fatty acid mixtures derived from natural fats and oils such as tallow fatty acids, linseed oil fatty acids, coconut oil fatty acids, fish oil fatty acids, palm kernel oil fatty acids, cottonseed oil fatty acids, hydrogenated soya bean oil fatty acids, corn oil fatty acids, lard fatty acids, sesame oil fatty acids, peanut oil fatty acids, safflower oil fatty acids, sunflower oil fatty acids, Whale oil fatty acids and sperm oil fatty acids.
  • natural fats and oils such as tallow fatty acids, linseed oil fatty acids, coconut oil fatty acids, fish oil fatty acids, palm kernel oil fatty acids, cottonseed oil fatty acids, hydrogenated soya bean oil fatty acids, corn oil fatty acids, lard fatty acids, sesame oil fatty acids, peanut oil fatty acids, safflower oil
  • the free fatty acid also used as a component of the soap compositions can be any of the acids named above, or fatty acid mixtures derived from natural fats and oils, as indicated above.
  • the free fatty acid can be of the same type as the fatty acids present as the alkali metal or ammonium or organic amine salts, or a different mixture of fatty acids can be used, as desired.
  • alkyl or alkyl phenol oxyalkylene ether sulfates in accordance with the invention have the formula:
  • R is an alkyl group having from about to about 20 carbon atoms or an alkyl phenol group having from 1 to 3 alkyl groups, at least one having from about eight to about carbon atoms; and the others having from one to 15 carbon atoms.
  • R is an alkylene oxide residue derived from ethylene oxide, l,2 or l,3propylene oxide, or l,2, 2,3, 1,3, or l,4-butylene oxide, or mixtures thereof.
  • M is an alkali metal, such as sodium, potassium or lithium, or ammonium, or an organic amine, particularly a strongly basic aliphatic or hydroxyaliphatic amine, such as butylamine, octylamine, hexylamine, diethylamine, ethylbutyl amine, tributylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, or dipropylamine.
  • the organic amine has from about three to about twelve carbon atoms and from about one to about three hydroxyl groups.
  • oxyalkylene is a number from l to 10, and represents the average number of alkylene oxide units (oxyalkylene units). It will be understood that there will be present in admixture species having values both higher and lower than the average value for A preferred class of oxyalkylene units have the formula:
  • 5 in which has a value greater than 0, up to about 10, and preferably is within the range from about 1 to about 5, and denotes the average number of oxyalkylene units in the chain.
  • the oxyalkylene base (CHCIIO)m ll, 1%. can be, for example, oxy-l,2-propylene; oxyethylene; oxy-l,2-butylene; oxy-2,3-butylene; and block copolymers of a polyoxyethylene chain and a polymerized alkylene oxide of at least three carbon atoms, preferably 1,2-propylene oxide.
  • the alkylene oxide condensate may consist entirely of one alkylene oxide, or of a condensed mixture of two or more alkylene oxides, such as a mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, in blocks, or heterogeneously distributed in the oxyalkylene chain.
  • oxyalkylene ether sulfates are obtained by condensation of the corresponding alkylene oxide or mixture thereof with an aliphatic alcohol or alkyl phenol, the corresponding fatty alcohol and alkyl phenol adducts with a range of oxyalkylene units being obtained.
  • the number of oxyalkylene units should be within the range from about 1 to about 10, as an average, and preferably an average of from 1 to 4 oxyalkylene units per fatty alcohol or alkyl phenol unit.
  • the oxyalkylene monoether adducts are then sulfated, using sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, fuming sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide or sulfaminic acid to form the corresponding sulfates.
  • the sulfates are in the form of the alkali metal salts preferably, because they impart the best consistency to the soap composition.
  • exemplary organic compounds having an active hydrogen atom that can be employed to produce alkylene oxide adducts for the radical of the oxyalkylene sulfate esters (R, in the formula R (O-R are the primary alcohols such as octanol, decanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, eicosanol, docosanol, tetracosanol, straight or branched, primary or secondary OXO- alchols, i.e., alcohols prepared by the OXO process, having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms, such as the essentially straight chain alcohols produced from Fischer-Tropsch olefins by the OX0 process, and multi-branched chain alcohols produced from olefins having at least seven carbon
  • the amount of free fatty acid is within the range from about 5 to about 15 percent, preferably from about 5 to about 12 percent, and still more preferably fror n.
  • the amount of the alkyl or alkyl phenol oxyalkylene ether sulfate is within the range from about 0.5 to about 3 percent, preferably from about 0.5 to about 2.5 percent, by weight of the soap.
  • the soap composition of the invention can contain other components which are customary in soap compositions, such as inorganic and organic complex-forming agents, neutral builder salts, soilsuspending agents, optical brightening agents, coloring agents and pigments, and perfumes.
  • inorganic and organic complex-forming agents are added for improving the soil-removing power of the soap composition, particularly for heavily soiled articles.
  • Optical brightening agents that may be used include stilbines, diaminostilbines, acylated cyanuric and triazalyl derivatives of stilbines, diphenyl derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, aminocoumarone salts, derivatives of azotized amino-containing benzoazoles, benzthiazoles, and benzimidazoles.
  • a number of such agents are disclosed in [1.8. Pat. No. 3,122,508.
  • compositions of the invention can be formulated as solutions or slurries which are spray-dried, or as light-duty or heavy-duty concentrated detergent solutions or concentrates.
  • the compositions can also be formed into granules, flakes, chips and powders, using Example 1
  • a 100 ml graduated cylinder there was placed 20 ml of a 0.5 percent aqueous solution of a sodium base soap for toilet soap.
  • the fatty acid composition of this soap was 20 percent by weight of coconut fatty acids and 80 percent by weight tallow fatty acids. Free fatty acids composed of 20 Weight per cent coconut fatty acids and 80 weight per cent tallow fatty acids were then dispersed in this soap solution.
  • compositions were prepared, containing different amounts of free fatty acids based on the weight of the soap, as shown in the attached graph. Then, to these several compositions there were added amounts within the range from 0.5 to 3 percent by weight of sodium ,cetyl stearyl diethylene glycol ether sulfate, and the graduated cylinder filled with distilled water to 80 ml. Finally, 20 ml of water was added, to which had been added calcium chloride to a hardness of 100 of hardness. These solutions were then subjected to a standardized mixing procedure, in the course of which the cylinder was closed, turned upside down 5 times for mixing, and then held in a thermostat bath at C. for 1 hour.
  • the amount of dispersed lime soap was then graphed as the ordinate against the content of free fatty acids as abscissa for the series of different contents of the sodium cetyl stearyl diethylene glycol ether sulfate.
  • a family of curves was obtained, with the content of sodium cetyl stearyl diethylene glycol ether sulfate for each curve indicated on the curve.
  • Example 2 Example 1 was repeated, substituting lauric acid as the free fatty acid, and sodium lauryl triethylene glycol ether sulfate as the alkyl oxyalkylene ether sulfate. All other compositions and test conditions were as set forth in Example 1. The following results were obtained:
  • Example 3 This example illustrates the lime soap dispersing capability of various anionic surfactants in combination with free fatty acid.
  • the soap and the free fatty acid were as in Example 1, while the amounts of 7 percent free fatty acid and 3 percent anionic surfactant by weight of the soap were used in all experiments. In other respects, the experiments were carried out as in Example 1. The following results were obtained:
  • Example 4 To a soap solution according to Example 1 was added 5 percent of tallow fatty acids and various surfactants in an amount of 0.5 percent. In other respects, the experiments were carried out as in Example 1. The following results were obtained:
  • a solid soap composition in bar or cake form capable of substantially completely dispersing lime soap at temperatures as low as 40C. and a soap concentration of as low as 1 gram per liter in water having a hardness of 20, consisting essentially of a water-soluble fatty acid soap selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal soaps, ammonium soaps, and organic amine soaps of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms, an amount within the range from about 5 to about 15 percent by weight of the soap of free fatty acid having from about 10 to about 22 carbonatoms, and an amount within the range from about 0.5 to about 3 percent by weight of the soap of an alkyl or alkyl phenol oxyalkylene ether sulfate having the formula R, (0R 050 M in which R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups having from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and alkyl phenol groups having from one to three alkyl groups at least one having from about eight to about 15 carbon atom
  • m is a number from 1 to about 10, and denotes the average number of oxyalkylene units in the chain; and R and R are selected from hydrogen and methyl.
  • alkyl oxyalkylene ether sulfate is a cetyl stearyl ether adduct with two mols of ethylene oxide and the fatty acid both as water-soluble soapand as free fatty acid is a mixture of tallow fatty acids and coconut oil fatty acids.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US00163858A 1970-07-02 1971-07-19 Soap compositions capable of dispersing lime soaps Expired - Lifetime US3850834A (en)

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SE09169/70A SE347013B (it) 1970-07-02 1970-07-02

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US (1) US3850834A (it)
DE (1) DE2132533A1 (it)
DK (1) DK134568B (it)
FI (1) FI55050C (it)
GB (1) GB1319186A (it)
NO (1) NO135992C (it)
SE (1) SE347013B (it)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4094807A (en) * 1974-03-07 1978-06-13 Lever Brothers Company Preparation of detergent bars containing zinc oxide
US4284434A (en) * 1977-03-24 1981-08-18 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Process for spray cleaning of metal surfaces
US4286956A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-09-01 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Fluid, cold-stable, two-component washing compositions
US4288225A (en) * 1979-08-18 1981-09-08 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Fluid, cold-stable, two-component washing compositions and method of washing textiles
US4304680A (en) * 1973-02-05 1981-12-08 Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry soap
US5028353A (en) * 1988-10-07 1991-07-02 Colgate-Palmolive Company Process of preparing a combination detergent and soap bar with enhanced mildness
US5091101A (en) * 1990-02-28 1992-02-25 Hildreth Eslie D Detergent composition containing C5-C14 free fatty acids and one or more surfactant
US6274541B1 (en) 1994-02-23 2001-08-14 Ecolab Inc. Alkaline cleaners based on alcohol ethoxy carboxylates
US6336945B1 (en) * 1996-11-14 2002-01-08 Kao Corporation Abrasive composition for the base of magnetic recording medium and process for producing the base by using the same
US20030139315A1 (en) * 1994-02-23 2003-07-24 Man Victor Fuk-Pong Alkaline cleaners based on alcohol ethoxy carboxylates
US20040107504A1 (en) * 2002-12-05 2004-06-10 Blangiforti Anna Carner Leather therapy treatment
US8440053B2 (en) 2010-04-02 2013-05-14 International Paper Company Method and system using surfactants in paper sizing composition to inhibit deposition of multivalent fatty acid salts
US8608908B2 (en) 2010-04-02 2013-12-17 International Paper Company Method and system using low fatty acid starches in paper sizing composition to inhibit deposition of multivalent fatty acid salts
US20160289613A1 (en) * 2013-12-18 2016-10-06 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Preservative system for washing agents

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2588264A (en) * 1944-12-01 1952-03-04 Mcdonald Louis Detergent composition
US2758977A (en) * 1951-05-25 1956-08-14 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Detergent composition and method of producing same
GB943927A (en) * 1960-07-20 1963-12-11 Procter & Gamble Ltd Detergent compositions in bar form
GB945062A (en) * 1960-09-05 1963-12-18 Procter & Gamble Ltd Improvements in detergent bars
US3232879A (en) * 1962-03-08 1966-02-01 Chevron Res Detergent bars having good sudsing and lime soap dispersant characteristics
US3247121A (en) * 1962-04-30 1966-04-19 Procter & Gamble Washing composition
US3324183A (en) * 1960-05-05 1967-06-06 Terg-o-tometee test results
GB1213333A (en) * 1968-08-09 1970-11-25 Ethyl Corp A composition for use in the manufacture of soap

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2588264A (en) * 1944-12-01 1952-03-04 Mcdonald Louis Detergent composition
US2758977A (en) * 1951-05-25 1956-08-14 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Detergent composition and method of producing same
US3324183A (en) * 1960-05-05 1967-06-06 Terg-o-tometee test results
GB943927A (en) * 1960-07-20 1963-12-11 Procter & Gamble Ltd Detergent compositions in bar form
GB945062A (en) * 1960-09-05 1963-12-18 Procter & Gamble Ltd Improvements in detergent bars
US3232879A (en) * 1962-03-08 1966-02-01 Chevron Res Detergent bars having good sudsing and lime soap dispersant characteristics
US3247121A (en) * 1962-04-30 1966-04-19 Procter & Gamble Washing composition
GB1213333A (en) * 1968-08-09 1970-11-25 Ethyl Corp A composition for use in the manufacture of soap

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
McCutcheon s Detergents & Emulsifiers 1969 Annual, page 42, TP990. D4. *
The Action of Various Lime Soap Dispersants by N. Schonfeldt, J. Am. Oil Chemists Soc., 45, Pages 80 82, February, 1968. *
Triton Surface Active Agents, bulletin of Rohm & Haas Co., 1955, Page 14. *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4304680A (en) * 1973-02-05 1981-12-08 Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry soap
US4094807A (en) * 1974-03-07 1978-06-13 Lever Brothers Company Preparation of detergent bars containing zinc oxide
US4284434A (en) * 1977-03-24 1981-08-18 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Process for spray cleaning of metal surfaces
US4286956A (en) * 1978-11-02 1981-09-01 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Fluid, cold-stable, two-component washing compositions
US4288225A (en) * 1979-08-18 1981-09-08 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Fluid, cold-stable, two-component washing compositions and method of washing textiles
US5028353A (en) * 1988-10-07 1991-07-02 Colgate-Palmolive Company Process of preparing a combination detergent and soap bar with enhanced mildness
US5091101A (en) * 1990-02-28 1992-02-25 Hildreth Eslie D Detergent composition containing C5-C14 free fatty acids and one or more surfactant
US7037884B2 (en) 1994-02-23 2006-05-02 Ecolab Inc. Alkaline cleaners based on alcohol ethoxy carboxylates
US6274541B1 (en) 1994-02-23 2001-08-14 Ecolab Inc. Alkaline cleaners based on alcohol ethoxy carboxylates
US6479453B2 (en) 1994-02-23 2002-11-12 Ecolab Inc. Alkaline cleaners based on alcohol ethoxy carboxylates
US20030139315A1 (en) * 1994-02-23 2003-07-24 Man Victor Fuk-Pong Alkaline cleaners based on alcohol ethoxy carboxylates
US6336945B1 (en) * 1996-11-14 2002-01-08 Kao Corporation Abrasive composition for the base of magnetic recording medium and process for producing the base by using the same
US6797011B2 (en) * 2002-12-05 2004-09-28 Anna Carner Blangiforti Leather therapy treatment
US20040107504A1 (en) * 2002-12-05 2004-06-10 Blangiforti Anna Carner Leather therapy treatment
US8440053B2 (en) 2010-04-02 2013-05-14 International Paper Company Method and system using surfactants in paper sizing composition to inhibit deposition of multivalent fatty acid salts
US8608908B2 (en) 2010-04-02 2013-12-17 International Paper Company Method and system using low fatty acid starches in paper sizing composition to inhibit deposition of multivalent fatty acid salts
US20160289613A1 (en) * 2013-12-18 2016-10-06 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Preservative system for washing agents

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK134568B (da) 1976-11-29
DK134568C (it) 1977-06-20
SE347013B (it) 1972-07-24
GB1319186A (en) 1973-06-06
FI55050B (fi) 1979-01-31
DE2132533A1 (de) 1972-01-20
FI55050C (fi) 1979-05-10
NO135992C (it) 1977-07-06
NO135992B (it) 1977-03-28

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