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US3792232A - Electrically heated window - Google Patents

Electrically heated window Download PDF

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Publication number
US3792232A
US3792232A US00292807A US3792232DA US3792232A US 3792232 A US3792232 A US 3792232A US 00292807 A US00292807 A US 00292807A US 3792232D A US3792232D A US 3792232DA US 3792232 A US3792232 A US 3792232A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
bus
units
bands
window
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00292807A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
A Zarenko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Industries SA
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3792232A publication Critical patent/US3792232A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10376—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/023—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means
    • B60S1/026—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means using electrical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent

Definitions

  • the heated windows of this type have this imperfection, that any defective contact between a filament and a bus band, and any break in a resistance filament puts a whole unit out of operation and makes the window useless because the unheated area is too large for the adjacent bands to remedy the failure.
  • a heated window comprising at least one transparent facing layer adherent to a transparent layer of plastic, a plurality of heating units lodged between the two layers and electrically connected in series, such units comprising a plurality of linear heating resistances connected in parallel.
  • the novel heated network is composed of a combination of elements or units formed from a reasonably constant number of undulating, parallel, and equidistant filaments interconnected by several bus bands placed at their extremities near the edges of the windows. These bus bands connect the units of these elements in series between the current supply lines.
  • each unit may be composed of the same number of filaments, providing that the electrical resistance per unit of surface and, consequently, the heating power, is the same throughout when the length of the various filaments in a single unit differ little; the length of the filaments of each of the units, and the shape of the heated area has little or no effect and the lengths of the filaments may vary from one border to the other without impairing operation and effectiveness.
  • the unit affected by the defect is so compact that the neighboring filaments assure the heating of the area contiguous to the broken filament without difficulty. It is equally easy to demonstrate that the overall resistance of the whole network is very little affected by such breakages.
  • bus bands which interconnect the several filaments of each unit may be disposed parallel to each other in a series of steps. In a particularly efficient form of the invention, these are placed end to end spaced apart by a half length from each side of the window, each of them serving to connect two successive units in series.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a first form of the invention, in plan
  • FIG. 2 is a detail of FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale
  • FIG. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a second form of the invention as applied to a trapezoidal window.
  • the input power line 45 is connected to bus band 17 to which are connected six parallel, wavy filaments forming a unit 1 the opposite ends of which are connected to the bus band 2 which extends parallel to the edge of the window and is connected at its lower end to six parallel, wavy filaments of the group 3, the other ends of which are connected to busband 4.
  • Another unit of heating filaments 5 is connected to the upper end of the bus band 4 (see FIG. 2) and extend across the window to connect to the upper end of bus band 6. It will be observed on FIG. 2 that the spacing between the filaments is substantially equal, evan as to the bottom filament of unit 1 and the top filament of unit 5.
  • the bus band 6 is connected at its lower end to the ends of the filaments of unit 7, the other ends of which are connected to bus band 8, the
  • Bus band connects the other ends of unit 9 to the righthand ends of the filaments of unit 11, the lefthand ends of which are connected to bus band 12 which also is connected to and serves unit 13.
  • a bus band 14 interconnects the ends of units 13 and 15, the lefthand ends of which are joined by bus band 16 which also serves as the terminal of power line 46.
  • each unit is composed of filaments connected in parallel and that consecutive units are connected in series so that disconnection for any reason, of a filament, will not impair the efficiency of the network as a whole. It will be observed that network has been shown with seven filaments to indicate the possibility of using different units to achieve different heating effects in particular areas.
  • the stepwise arrangement of the bus bands is efficient.
  • FIG. 4 In FIG. 4 is shown a trapezoidal window in which the power line 45 is connected to a band 44 and bus band 43 which subtends the unit 36, the other end of which is connected to bus band 42 which also serves unit 35.
  • the central portion of the bus band that which lies between the filaments of the two units, constitutes the means which connects the two units in series.
  • the units are arranged in parallel but are connected in series, units 35 and 34 being connected by bus band 41, units 34 and 33 being connected by bus band 40, units 33 and 32 being connected by bus band 39, units 32 and 31 are connected by bus band 38, and terminal bus band 37 is connected to the power line 46.
  • the network is shown in FIG. 3 to be arranged on the interior of a window having outer layers a, 20b of glass which are adhesively conjoined by an interlayer 200 of transparent plastic, for instance polyvinyl butyral.
  • the bus bands and filaments are inset in the plastic interlayer as indicated in FIG. 3 at 17 and l.
  • the spacing of the different filaments is constant throughout the surface of the window andthe filaments are disposed in the undulating or wavy trajectory as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 the flow of current is in effect spiral, either from power line 45 to 46 or vice versa.
  • FIG. 4 the flow of power is back and forth from one side to the other.
  • the diameter of the tungsten filaments is 20 microns and they are laid down at 1.25 mm. from each other.
  • the distance between the crests of the undulations is'l mm. and the amplitude of the undulations is 2 mm.
  • the heating power is 12 W/dm
  • FIG. 4 is trapezoidal and particularly valuable.
  • Six elements 31 to 36, each unit having six parallel filaments which are parallel to the bases of the trapezoid, are connected in series by the bus bands 37 to 43 to form a back and forth arrangement.
  • the length of each of the bus bands corresponds to the width of adjacent units so that all of the bus bands may be placed in line along the opposite edges of the trapezoid. It is advantageous to place the contact band 44 on the face of the intermediate sheet opposite to that which receives the remainder of the heating network, as this improves the insulating effect.
  • This heated window is practically impervious to shocks and even when the breakage of some of its filaments occurs will continue in satisfactory operation.
  • the heating effect of the network is uniform throughout but it can be varied in particular areas by increasing or reducing the number of wires in a unit.
  • a window comprising two sheets of glass and an intermediate layer of transparent plastic all adhered together, said sheets having a trapezoidal shape, a plurality of heating units each including a plurality of electrically conductingresistive filaments, the filaments of all of said units extending substantially parallel to a base of said trapezoidal shape and occupying together a substantially trapezoidal space geometrically similar to said trapezoidal shape, said window further including a plurality of bus bands each connected to the filaments of two of said pluralities whereby the filaments of each of said heating units are connected electrically in parallel and said heating units are connected electrically in series in a zigzag pattern extending from one end of one base of said shape to one end of the other base of said shape, two electrical terminals, a bus band connecting the filaments of a first of said units to one of said terminals, and a bus band connecting the filaments of a last of said units to the other of said terminals, said filaments and bus bands being embedded in said layer of plastic material, the said bus bands, other than those connecting to
  • a window according to claim 1 in which one of said bus bands connecting to a terminal extends parallel to the bus bands of one of said groups and in which said one bus band is spaced from the bus bands of said one group in the direction of the thickness of the window substantially by the thickness of said intermediate layer.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
US00292807A 1971-09-28 1972-09-27 Electrically heated window Expired - Lifetime US3792232A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2148243A DE2148243A1 (de) 1971-09-28 1971-09-28 Elektrisch beheizbare verbundglasscheibe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3792232A true US3792232A (en) 1974-02-12

Family

ID=5820706

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00292807A Expired - Lifetime US3792232A (en) 1971-09-28 1972-09-27 Electrically heated window

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3792232A (xx)
JP (1) JPS4843009A (xx)
AT (1) AT327422B (xx)
BE (1) BE789359A (xx)
CH (1) CH561998A5 (xx)
DE (1) DE2148243A1 (xx)
ES (1) ES407042A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2154587B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1365785A (xx)
IT (1) IT975097B (xx)
LU (1) LU66174A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL7213042A (xx)

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3892947A (en) * 1974-02-27 1975-07-01 Donnelly Mirrors Inc Electrically heated panel with anti-shock conductive strips
US3928748A (en) * 1973-10-31 1975-12-23 Saint Gobain Combined window heater and antenna
US3947618A (en) * 1972-10-31 1976-03-30 General Electric Company Electrically heated transparent panel
US4065848A (en) * 1976-03-15 1978-01-03 Normand Dery Method of applying and repairing rear window defroster
US4109044A (en) * 1976-08-27 1978-08-22 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Electrically heated window having sharply bent portions
US4137447A (en) * 1978-04-28 1979-01-30 Ford Motor Company Electric heater plate
US4209687A (en) * 1977-01-27 1980-06-24 Therglas Gmbh Fur Flachenheizung Laminated transparent pane
EP0122071A1 (en) * 1983-03-16 1984-10-17 Chisso Engineering CO. LTD. Electric heating tape or the like with diagonal electricity feed
US4582983A (en) * 1982-04-16 1986-04-15 Raychem Corporation Elongate electrical assemblies
US4659913A (en) * 1982-04-16 1987-04-21 Raychem Corporation Elongate electrical assemblies
US4707586A (en) * 1981-05-11 1987-11-17 Sierracin Corporation Electro conductive film system for aircraft windows
US4791276A (en) * 1982-04-16 1988-12-13 Raychem Corporation Elongate electrical assemblies
US4874930A (en) * 1983-09-07 1989-10-17 Sierracin Corporation Electroconductive film system for aircraft windows
US4876178A (en) * 1981-05-11 1989-10-24 Sierracin Corporation Electroconductive film system for aircraft windows
US5182431A (en) * 1991-12-18 1993-01-26 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrically heated window
GB2372927A (en) * 2001-03-01 2002-09-04 Pilkington Plc Heated vehicle window
US6559419B1 (en) 2001-08-03 2003-05-06 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Multi-zone arrangement for heatable vehicle window
US6734396B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2004-05-11 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Heatable vehicle window with different voltages in different heatable zones
US20060086714A1 (en) * 2004-10-19 2006-04-27 Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited Heating line pattern structure of defogger
US20070137141A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2007-06-21 Hirschmann Car Communication Gmbh Integration of functional layers in or on transparent plastic parts for vehicle manufacture
US20090107987A1 (en) * 2007-10-29 2009-04-30 Pck Technology, Inc. Heating assemblies providing a high degree of uniformity over a surface area
US20090188904A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-07-30 Raytheon Company Fault Tolerant Heater Circuit
US20110109115A1 (en) * 2008-07-08 2011-05-12 Kazuo Yamada Terminal structure and glass plate with terminal for vehicles
US20110233182A1 (en) * 2008-10-27 2011-09-29 Pilkington Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Heated vehicle window
US20170156178A1 (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-01 E.G.O. Elektro-Geraetebau Gmbh Heating device
US20180176996A1 (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Window glass for a vehicle
US10392810B1 (en) * 2016-06-22 2019-08-27 James Demirkan Universal lightweight and portable deicing mat
EP3572386A4 (en) * 2017-01-19 2020-10-14 Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited LAMINATED GLASS
US11445577B2 (en) 2016-06-17 2022-09-13 Swansea University Glass laminate structure
US11497087B2 (en) * 2018-09-10 2022-11-08 Hyundai Motor Company Heating wire apparatus for vehicle safety glass
WO2023057243A1 (en) * 2021-10-07 2023-04-13 Agc Glass Europe Vehicle laminated glazing

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8100601A (nl) * 1981-02-09 1982-09-01 Philips Nv Ruit voorzien van elektrische draad en draad.
DE4121102A1 (de) * 1991-06-26 1993-01-07 Braas Gmbh Elektrisch beheizbare sichtscheibe
DE4207638C2 (de) * 1992-03-11 1994-01-27 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh Heizbare Verbundglasscheibe mit in der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht angeordneten Widerstandsdrähten
GB9601868D0 (en) 1996-01-30 1996-04-03 Pilkington Glass Ltd Electrically heated window
GB9601865D0 (en) 1996-01-30 1996-04-03 Pilkington Glass Ltd Electrically heated window
DE102007001080A1 (de) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-10 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisch beheizbare Fensterscheibe

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB164435A (en) * 1920-02-24 1921-05-24 Ernest Stubbs Improvements in, or relating to, wind screens
US2395152A (en) * 1944-04-15 1946-02-19 William Bradford Electrically heated blanket
US2503457A (en) * 1947-04-04 1950-04-11 Curtiss Wright Corp Propeller blade deicing shoe
US2813960A (en) * 1952-01-25 1957-11-19 Bethge Walther Electric surface heater
US2878357A (en) * 1956-07-13 1959-03-17 Gen Dynamics Corp Electric heated laminated glass panel
FR1288186A (fr) * 1961-02-09 1962-03-24 Perfectionnements aux vitrages chauffants
US3287684A (en) * 1964-02-27 1966-11-22 Motson Services Inc Electrical heating device
US3313920A (en) * 1963-04-30 1967-04-11 Glaverbel Heater panel
CH462641A (de) * 1966-08-23 1968-09-15 Partsch Ernst Elektrisch heizbare Glas- oder Kunststoffscheiben-Anordnung
US3414713A (en) * 1966-09-23 1968-12-03 Umc Ind Electrically heated glass closure
US3440408A (en) * 1962-07-16 1969-04-22 Triplex Safety Glass Co Laminated transparent panels incorporating heating wires
US3484583A (en) * 1968-07-23 1969-12-16 Ppg Industries Inc Combination of electrically heated transparent window and antenna
DE1912667A1 (de) * 1969-03-13 1970-09-24 Detag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beheizen einer Heizscheibe durch elektrische Widerstandsbeheizung

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1544718A (fr) * 1966-08-08 1968-11-08 Triplex Safety Glass Co Procédé pour appliquer au moins un conducteur électrique à un corps vitreux mauvais conducteur

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB164435A (en) * 1920-02-24 1921-05-24 Ernest Stubbs Improvements in, or relating to, wind screens
US2395152A (en) * 1944-04-15 1946-02-19 William Bradford Electrically heated blanket
US2503457A (en) * 1947-04-04 1950-04-11 Curtiss Wright Corp Propeller blade deicing shoe
US2813960A (en) * 1952-01-25 1957-11-19 Bethge Walther Electric surface heater
US2878357A (en) * 1956-07-13 1959-03-17 Gen Dynamics Corp Electric heated laminated glass panel
FR1288186A (fr) * 1961-02-09 1962-03-24 Perfectionnements aux vitrages chauffants
US3440408A (en) * 1962-07-16 1969-04-22 Triplex Safety Glass Co Laminated transparent panels incorporating heating wires
US3313920A (en) * 1963-04-30 1967-04-11 Glaverbel Heater panel
US3287684A (en) * 1964-02-27 1966-11-22 Motson Services Inc Electrical heating device
CH462641A (de) * 1966-08-23 1968-09-15 Partsch Ernst Elektrisch heizbare Glas- oder Kunststoffscheiben-Anordnung
US3414713A (en) * 1966-09-23 1968-12-03 Umc Ind Electrically heated glass closure
US3484583A (en) * 1968-07-23 1969-12-16 Ppg Industries Inc Combination of electrically heated transparent window and antenna
DE1912667A1 (de) * 1969-03-13 1970-09-24 Detag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Beheizen einer Heizscheibe durch elektrische Widerstandsbeheizung

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3947618A (en) * 1972-10-31 1976-03-30 General Electric Company Electrically heated transparent panel
US3928748A (en) * 1973-10-31 1975-12-23 Saint Gobain Combined window heater and antenna
US3892947A (en) * 1974-02-27 1975-07-01 Donnelly Mirrors Inc Electrically heated panel with anti-shock conductive strips
US4065848A (en) * 1976-03-15 1978-01-03 Normand Dery Method of applying and repairing rear window defroster
US4109044A (en) * 1976-08-27 1978-08-22 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Electrically heated window having sharply bent portions
US4119425A (en) * 1976-08-27 1978-10-10 Libbey-Owens-Ford Company Method of bending a glass sheet to a sharp angle
US4209687A (en) * 1977-01-27 1980-06-24 Therglas Gmbh Fur Flachenheizung Laminated transparent pane
US4137447A (en) * 1978-04-28 1979-01-30 Ford Motor Company Electric heater plate
US4707586A (en) * 1981-05-11 1987-11-17 Sierracin Corporation Electro conductive film system for aircraft windows
US4876178A (en) * 1981-05-11 1989-10-24 Sierracin Corporation Electroconductive film system for aircraft windows
US4582983A (en) * 1982-04-16 1986-04-15 Raychem Corporation Elongate electrical assemblies
US4659913A (en) * 1982-04-16 1987-04-21 Raychem Corporation Elongate electrical assemblies
US4791276A (en) * 1982-04-16 1988-12-13 Raychem Corporation Elongate electrical assemblies
US4645912A (en) * 1983-03-16 1987-02-24 Chisso Engineering Company Ltd. Pipeline heated by a diagonal feeding, band-form, electrical heat-generating apparatus
EP0122071A1 (en) * 1983-03-16 1984-10-17 Chisso Engineering CO. LTD. Electric heating tape or the like with diagonal electricity feed
US4874930A (en) * 1983-09-07 1989-10-17 Sierracin Corporation Electroconductive film system for aircraft windows
US5182431A (en) * 1991-12-18 1993-01-26 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrically heated window
GB2372927A (en) * 2001-03-01 2002-09-04 Pilkington Plc Heated vehicle window
US6559419B1 (en) 2001-08-03 2003-05-06 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Multi-zone arrangement for heatable vehicle window
US6734396B2 (en) 2001-09-07 2004-05-11 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Heatable vehicle window with different voltages in different heatable zones
US20060086714A1 (en) * 2004-10-19 2006-04-27 Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited Heating line pattern structure of defogger
US7211768B2 (en) * 2004-10-19 2007-05-01 Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited Heating line pattern structure of defogger
US20070137141A1 (en) * 2005-11-30 2007-06-21 Hirschmann Car Communication Gmbh Integration of functional layers in or on transparent plastic parts for vehicle manufacture
US8399814B2 (en) * 2007-10-29 2013-03-19 PCK Technology Inc. Heating assemblies providing a high degree of uniformity over a surface area
US20090107987A1 (en) * 2007-10-29 2009-04-30 Pck Technology, Inc. Heating assemblies providing a high degree of uniformity over a surface area
US20090188904A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-07-30 Raytheon Company Fault Tolerant Heater Circuit
US20110109115A1 (en) * 2008-07-08 2011-05-12 Kazuo Yamada Terminal structure and glass plate with terminal for vehicles
US20110233182A1 (en) * 2008-10-27 2011-09-29 Pilkington Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Heated vehicle window
US8563899B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2013-10-22 Pilkington Automotive Deutschland Gmbh Heated vehicle window
US20170156178A1 (en) * 2015-11-26 2017-06-01 E.G.O. Elektro-Geraetebau Gmbh Heating device
US10645758B2 (en) * 2015-11-26 2020-05-05 E.G.O. Elektro-Geraetebau Gmbh Heating device
US11445577B2 (en) 2016-06-17 2022-09-13 Swansea University Glass laminate structure
US10392810B1 (en) * 2016-06-22 2019-08-27 James Demirkan Universal lightweight and portable deicing mat
US20180176996A1 (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Window glass for a vehicle
US10723318B2 (en) * 2016-12-20 2020-07-28 AGC Inc. Window glass for a vehicle
EP3572386A4 (en) * 2017-01-19 2020-10-14 Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited LAMINATED GLASS
US11497087B2 (en) * 2018-09-10 2022-11-08 Hyundai Motor Company Heating wire apparatus for vehicle safety glass
WO2023057243A1 (en) * 2021-10-07 2023-04-13 Agc Glass Europe Vehicle laminated glazing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE789359A (fr) 1973-03-27
JPS4843009A (xx) 1973-06-22
FR2154587B1 (xx) 1976-10-29
AT327422B (de) 1976-01-26
GB1365785A (en) 1974-09-04
CH561998A5 (xx) 1975-05-15
ES407042A1 (es) 1975-11-01
LU66174A1 (xx) 1973-04-02
IT975097B (it) 1974-07-20
DE2148243A1 (de) 1973-04-05
FR2154587A1 (xx) 1973-05-11
ATA822272A (de) 1975-04-15
NL7213042A (xx) 1973-03-30

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