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US3771724A - Apparatus and process for spraying liquids - Google Patents

Apparatus and process for spraying liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
US3771724A
US3771724A US27318172A US3771724A US 3771724 A US3771724 A US 3771724A US 27318172 A US27318172 A US 27318172A US 3771724 A US3771724 A US 3771724A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
wall member
liquid
nozzle
orifice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
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English (en)
Inventor
C Rose
R Kelley
R Ravitts
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aqua Aerobic Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Richards of Rockford Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Richards of Rockford Inc filed Critical Richards of Rockford Inc
Priority to US05273181 priority Critical patent/US3771724A/en
Priority to CA152,925A priority patent/CA956671A/en
Priority to AU47547/72A priority patent/AU467709B2/en
Priority to DE2249844A priority patent/DE2249844A1/de
Priority to GB4872372A priority patent/GB1412744A/en
Priority to IT5369872A priority patent/IT966840B/it
Priority to FR7239205A priority patent/FR2193330A5/fr
Priority to IL4253273A priority patent/IL42532A/xx
Priority to US37073473 priority patent/US3833173A/en
Priority to SE7308878A priority patent/SE390357B/xx
Priority to NO271673A priority patent/NO134570C/no
Priority to CH978973A priority patent/CH554700A/xx
Priority to JP7889473A priority patent/JPS4958409A/ja
Priority to ES417011A priority patent/ES417011A1/es
Priority to NL7309987A priority patent/NL7309987A/xx
Publication of US3771724A publication Critical patent/US3771724A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Priority to ES424534A priority patent/ES424534A1/es
Priority to ES424535A priority patent/ES424535A1/es
Priority to US05/600,727 priority patent/US3998389A/en
Priority to GB43367/76A priority patent/GB1506548A/en
Assigned to AQUA-AEROBIC SYSTEMS, INC., A CORP OF IL reassignment AQUA-AEROBIC SYSTEMS, INC., A CORP OF IL ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RICHARD OF ROCKFORD, INC. A CORP OF IL
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/06—Spray cleaning
    • B01D47/08—Spray cleaning with rotary nozzles
    • B01D47/085—Spray cleaning with rotary nozzles with nozzles which are partly immersed in the washing fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/16—Apparatus having rotary means, other than rotatable nozzles, for atomising the cleaning liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/234—Surface aerating
    • B01F23/2342—Surface aerating with stirrers near to the liquid surface, e.g. partially immersed, for spraying the liquid in the gas or for sucking gas into the liquid, e.g. using stirrers rotating around a horizontal axis or using centrifugal force
    • B01F23/23421—Surface aerating with stirrers near to the liquid surface, e.g. partially immersed, for spraying the liquid in the gas or for sucking gas into the liquid, e.g. using stirrers rotating around a horizontal axis or using centrifugal force the stirrers rotating about a vertical axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/06—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in annular, tubular or hollow conical form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/08—Fountains
    • B05B17/085—Fountains designed to produce sheets or curtains of liquid, e.g. water walls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/14—Activated sludge processes using surface aeration
    • C02F3/16—Activated sludge processes using surface aeration the aerator having a vertical axis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/24—Activated sludge processes using free-fall aeration or spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/08—Influencing flow of fluids of jets leaving an orifice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/06—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
    • F28F25/06—Spray nozzles or spray pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/113—Propeller-shaped stirrers for producing an axial flow, e.g. shaped like a ship or aircraft propeller
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/15—Stirrers with tubes for guiding the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/25—Mixers with both stirrer and drive unit submerged in the material being mixed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/50—Movable or transportable mixing devices or plants
    • B01F33/503—Floating mixing devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
    • B01F35/32—Driving arrangements
    • B01F35/321—Disposition of the drive
    • B01F35/3214—Disposition of the drive at the upper side of the axis, e.g. driving the stirrer from the top of a receptacle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method for spraying liquids usable for cooling, aeration, condensing, humidification or stripping of dissolved or entrained gases. More particularly, this invention relates. to an apparatus and method in cooling water for optimizing the size range and number of the droplets in a water spray, the trajectory, and the ratioof velocity head to static head, in order to improve the approach to maximum heat transfer without undesirable atomiza tion that createsa mist that will drift.
  • BACI GROUND'OF THE INVENTION
  • the need for cooling, aeration, condensing, humidification or stripping of dissolved or entrained gases from liquids iswell known.
  • the expanding nuclear power indu'stry in particular has beenplagued currently with the problem of cooling large quantities ofwater in orderto reduce the temperatures of the thermal discharge from generating stations for ecologically oriented reasons.
  • cooling towers frequently provide a satisfactory solution to some cooling problems, there arev many situations in which the demands for high volume. cooling indicate cooling by spraying to be the desirable'economically and technically feasible solution.
  • a transfer areibfi'fi ugo drops (sq. ft.) T w temperature of the H drops (F) T temperature of the surrounding air (F) K mass transfer coefficient (1b,, H O/hr) (sq.
  • Spray devices can be used advantageously to aerate water to prevent stagnation, to enrich the oxygen content. of the water, to humidify air, or to strip dissolved or entrained gases from water or liquids.
  • droplet size in the spray is important to the efficiency of the device.
  • a general object of the present invention is to provide'anew and improved pressure nozzlefor generating an improved liquid spray, and which is adaptable for use-in a spray unit operable to accomplish heat, air, water, or gas transfer to or from a liquid.
  • a further object is to provide a spray nozzle which achieves improved droplet size of the spray so as to achieve improved performance in the economical transfer of heat'and/or water vapor into the surrounding atmosphere.
  • a still further object is to provide a spray device for controlling the spray trajectory and/or energy optimization through control of the ratio of velocity head to static head at the orifice.
  • FIG. 1 is an enlarged fragmentary diagrammatic view of a nozzle embodying the principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 2A and 2B are fragmentary diagrammatic views illustrating in cross section spray units having nozzles embodying the principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view with some parts in elevation showing a spray unit containing a nozzle embodying the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary cross sectional view showing the parts for adjusting the nozzle in the spray unit of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of one form of the floating spray unit embodying the novel features of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a somewhat diagrammatic longitudinal cross-sectional view of another form of the floating spray unit embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged transverse cross-sectional view of a spray unit with parts broken away and shown in cross-section illustrating a modified form of nozzle embodying the invention shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic top plan view of the device illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 9E are diagrammatic illustrations in elevational cross-section of various systems for employing the device illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view with parts broken away showing still another type of a spray unit embodying the principles of the invention containing a plurality of nozzles.
  • the present invention relates to a novel pressure nozzle that projects liquid as a spray of numerous droplets. It is a discovery of the invention that droplets of a desired size range and number are produced by generating a sheet of liquid on one side of a nozzle orifice which is intersected by at least one other sheet against a wall prior to the discharge of the resulting liquid stream.
  • two liquid sheets leave the nozzle orifice at a predetermined controlled angle acute to each other, and one sheet impinges against the other on a wall positioned outside of the orifice.
  • the velocity and angular relationships of these two sheets cause the resulting liquid stream to disintegrate in a predictable way, resulting in predetermined average size range and number of particulate droplets.
  • the droplets are ejected to a selected height into the atmosphere in a trajectory for optimum dwell time, for the minimization of droplet coalescence, and for the minimization of wind drift.
  • the radial width of the orifice is selectively adjustable so that, if desired, the thickness of the resulting liquid stream exiting the orifice may be varied. In this way, the radial width of the stream of water exiting the orifice may be reduced so as to increase the static head from the pump or energy source; conversely, adjustment of the radial width of the orifice can be increased to reduce the height of the spray and the diameter of the spray pattern thereby to increase the flow rate or velocity head from the pump or energy source.
  • the liquid under pressure is directed outwardly through a chamber'and then through a biangular nozzle orifice extending in a circle around the periphery of the chamber from which it is discharged upwardly into the atmosphere.
  • the invention comprises the novel construction of a chamber having a peripherally located orifice together with the manual adjustments for varying the radial width of the nozzle orifice throughout its circular extent so as to selectively control the liquid discharge in order to optimize the performance of the spray unit to existing conditions and attain maximum transfer of heat and/or water vapor to the atmosphere.
  • the radial width of the orifice and the resulting trajectory from the biangular nozzle may be independently varied to optimize all operational conditions.
  • the nozzle of the invention is usable on the spray unit as a self-contained assembly with its own pump supported on a buoyant float anchored in any desired location or with other units in a pattern in a channel, pond, lake, or tank. It may be used equally advantageously, however, with spray units having fixed supports, such as a pier, stand, or truss-mount pier. In some instances, it may be advantageous to remotely locate a pumping unit from the spray unit.
  • FIG. 1 a nozzle illustrating the principles of the invention is diagrammatically depicted.
  • Liquid under pressure is supplied to the nozzle orifice 10 from which it is projected into the atmo sphere as it is guided along the surface of wall member 11.
  • the wall member 11 extends from an inlet end 15 to an outlet end 17, the latter of which terminates at a point downstream from the orifice 10.
  • the inlet end 15 is positioned a distance upstream of the orifice 10 sufficient for generation of a unidirectional sheet of liquid A along wall 11, which sheet is laminar adjacent the wall 11, that is conducted downstream to, and outside of, the orifice.
  • a second wall 12 is positioned to generate a second unidirectional sheet of liquid B along wall 12, which second sheet is laminar adjacent wall 12, and to direct such second sheet B for intersection with the first sheet A along the extent of wall 11 exterior to the orifice and before the end 17.
  • the resulting stream of liquid C formed by intersecting sheets A and B is turbulent and unstable, and disrupts and shatters into droplets as it is projected into the atmosphere.
  • the second wall member 12 has an inlet end 14 and an outlet end 16, the latter of which is spaced from the wall member 11 to form the orifice 10.
  • the outlet end of the wall 12 is spaced from and positioned so that the two sheets A and B intersect within the extent of wall 11 between the inlet end 15 and the discharge end 17.
  • the distance between the end 16 of wall 12 and wall 1 l is substantially constant along the peripheral edge of end 16, but may be selectively adjusted in order to vary the thickness of the resulting sheet C and to change the droplet size as will be more fully explained hereinafter.
  • the end 16 of wall 12 is spaced from wall 11 so that the total area of the orifice 10 is less than the supply conduit in order to obtain a predetermined increase in the velocity pressure head of the liquid relative to the static head at the nozzle orifice.
  • the wall 12 is offset from parallel with respect to wall 11 at an acute angle so that the liquid sheet on wall 12 intersects liquid sheet on wall 11 at an acute angle.
  • the acute angle between wall 12 and wall 11 illustrated in the drawings is 30, although it may vary widely in the range fromabout to about 80.
  • the orifice between the walls 11, 12 normally would produce a vena contracta in the discharged stream.
  • the wall 11 extends at least beyond a point corresponding to the inside'surface of wall '12 if the latter were extended beyond orifice 10.
  • the wall 11 thereby provides an area for intersection of the two sheets and for effectively guiding the trajectory of the emerging stream. It has been determined that a majority of the droplets produced by the nozzle of the invention are in the size range from 0.25 inch to about 0.75 inch. It has also been determined that the spray produced by the nozzle of the invention is substantially free from droplets of a size less than about 30 microns which cause mist that can drift.
  • the nozzle orifice 10 is circular.
  • the first wall 1 l is in the form of an inverted frustocone supported on a generally horizontally extending cover plate 20.
  • the second wall 12 is in the form of a cylinder encompassing the lower portion of the frustoconical wall 1 1.
  • Wall 12 is supported by a plate 21.
  • the space between plates and 21 defines a plenum chamber 22 for distributing liquid from a pressure source through inlet 24 to the nozzle orifice 10.
  • the source of liquid under pressure may be supplied by any suitable pressure head, for example from a remotely located pumping mechanism.
  • the liquid under pressure is supplied to the plenum chamber 22 from above (FIG. 2A) or below (FIG. 2B).
  • the liquid under pressure enters the spray unit through inlet 24 and then is distributed through the plenum chamber 22 to the nozzle orifice 10 from which it is projected at C into the atmoshere.
  • the nozzle two sheets are produced by biangular walls 11 and 12.
  • the sheet produced by wall 12 intersects the sheet produced on the wall 11 to create the unstable condition in the resulting stream C projected into the atmosphere so that the stream C disrupts and shatters into the droplets, as explained heretofore in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the trajectory of the stream C is determined by the angle of wall 11.
  • the wall 11 may be at an angle offset from vertical in a wide range, for example, in cooling systems from 10 to 80, although for other purposes the wall 11 will be offset at different angles.
  • the trajectory of the stream C can be changed by changing the angle of wall 11, which may be accomplished by substituting another cover plate 20 having the wall 11 offset at a different angle.
  • wall 12 is spaced from wall 11 a predetermined substantially fixed amount throughout the circular extent of wall 12.
  • the predetermined spacing controls the size of the droplets throughout the extent of the nozzle 10.
  • the total area between wall 12 and wall 11 is less than the cross-sectional areaof the supply conduit 24 in order to increase the velocity pressure head relative to the static pressure head at the nozzle orifice 10.
  • a spray unit 30 incorporating the nozzle of FIGS. 1 and 2, and which is suitable for use in cooling a parent body of liquid 31.
  • the parent body of liquid 31 may be a canal, stream, lagoon, tank, river, pond, or the like, which is heated, for example, by the hot water discharge of an electric utility generating facility, such as a nuclear or fossil-fuel powered electrical generating plant.
  • the spray unit 30 projects a spray C from the parent body into the atmosphere to cool by latent and sensible heat transfer. I
  • the spray unit 30 incorporates an axial-flow type pump in the form of an impeller or turbine 40 driven by motor 44.
  • the impeller 40 includes a plurality of angularly spaced plates 43 radiating outwardly from the shaft 41 to cut through and propel the water upwardly through a conduit 36.
  • Conduit 36 which extends vertically through the center of the unit, acts as a passage for accommodating the flow of water from the parent body 31 to the plenum chamber 22, as well as acting as a pump chamber bounding the blade tips of the impeller 40.
  • the pump intake may depend from a throat 37 with a downwardly flaring intake shroud 39 immersed in the water, establishing an entry way into the throat 37.
  • the unit will function with or without the intake shroud, and the use of the intake shroud is to control the minimal depth below the surface at which intake water is to be withdrawn, thus controlling the mixing performance in the parent body of liquid 31.
  • spray unit 30 for example anti-erosion plants (not shown) suspended so as to discourage vertical flow directly below the intake shroud, to discourage the establishment of eddy currents, and to establish a relatively horizontal intake flow profile; intake draft tubes (not shown for selective predetermined mixing required as progressive contacting is established through the path of the water flow in the parent body; intake screens (not shown) of a variety of designs may be employed to protect the pump from ingestion of foreign objects, and the like.
  • the impeller, or turbine 40 may be driven by an electric motor 44. While there are many different possible ways of supporting the motor, the structure shown in FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred structure.
  • electric motor 44 is mounted on a platform 45 which is supported above the cover plate 20 by a plurality of upstanding legs 47.
  • the legs extend up-wardly along the outer wall of the conduit 36 from a ring 49 encircling the conduit and welded thereto.
  • the upper end portions of the legs pass through plenum chamber 22 and define wide flow passagesbetween the bottom wall 21 and cover plate 20, for the water to flow outwardly to the biangular nozzle 10.
  • Supporting the platform ontop of the legs is a metal disc 50 which is welded to the upper ends of the legs and includes a central opening to allow passage therethrough of the impeller shaft 41.
  • the platform 45 is above the disc 50 and includes two spaced circular plates 51, each of which have central openings for the impeller shaft.
  • the plates 51 are separated by braces 55 which are welded at their upper and lower ends to the plates.
  • the unit 30 may be supported in the parent body of liquid 31 by any suitable means such as by overhead supports, underwater piers and stands, or by floats.
  • spray unit 30 In operation of spray unit 30, water is pumped upwardly from the parent body 31 through shroud 39, throat 37, conduit 36, and then diffused laterally by the plenum chamber 22 toward the orifice 10.
  • the nozzle orifice 10 projects the water into the air as previously explained in connection with FIGS. 1, 2A and 2B.
  • the radial width 'of the orifice 10 is substantially the same throughout the length thereof.
  • the radial width may be selectively'adjusted, however, to change the thickness of the stream C and thus the characteristics of the resulting spray. If the temperature and humidity of the air are high(e.g., in the summer), the radial width of the orifice may be reduced to decrease the thickness of the sprayed sheet and thus cause the formation of smaller water droplets which are closable of losing heat more rapidly. If temperature and humidity conditions are more favorable as in the winter, the radial width of the orifice may be made greater to increase the thickness of the sheet and cause the formation of larger droplets when the sheet disintegrates.
  • the larger droplets are more stable and are not as susceptible to being blownby the wind into areas surrounding the parent body.
  • the creation of larger droplets results in a reduction in the possibility of wind drift beyond the channel or basin of the parent body of water giving control of precipitation which might wet the surrounding areas, while the creation of smaller droplets results in greater heat transfer and therefore greater cooling under high temperature and humidity conditions.
  • the orifice also may be increased or decreased in width depending upon whether cooling requirements are low or high.
  • the cover plate is flexible vertically so that its outer edge 29 may be adjusted selectively in height relative to the bottom wall 21 of the chamber 22.
  • Vertical movement of the peripheral outer edge of the cover plate 20 controls the width of the orifice because the wall 11 tapers downwardly and inwardly above the outlet end of wall 12.
  • the orifice 10 is opened wider because the distance between the outlet end of wall 12 and the wall 11 is increased.
  • the outer edge of cover plate 20 is flexed downwardly,-the orifice is decreased in the width.
  • angularly spaced bolts 60 are fastened to the bottom wall 21 of the chamber 22 and extend upwardly through the chamber and through openings in the cover plate 20.
  • collars 61 and nuts 62 screwed on the bolts 60 hold the cover plate in a selected vertical position and may be threaded upwardly or downwardly on the bolts 60 to adjust the height of the outer edge 29 of the cover plate 20 relative to the bottom wall 21 of the chamber 22.
  • One such bolt, nut and collar arrangement is shown in FIG. 4 wherein the bolt 60 includes a lower head welded at 65 to the bottom wall 21 of the chamber.
  • the body of the bolt extends vertically through the chamber 22 and includes a threaded upper end portion 66 projecting through the opening 75 in the cover.
  • the collar 61 is screwed on the upper end of the bolt and includes a lower flange 67 which engages the inner surface of the cover and an upper threaded shank 68 projecting upwardly through the opening.
  • Flats located on opposite sides of the upper end of the shank advantageously permit the collar to be turned and threaded upwardly and downwardly on the bolt without disassembling any part of the spray unit.
  • the outer surface of the shank is threaded to receive the nut 62 which engages the outer surface of the cover plate 20 around the opening so that the cover plate 20 is held between the flange and the nut.
  • the cover plate 20 may be deflected downwardly by threading the collars downwardly on the bolts and then by forcing the cover plate 20 downwardly with the nuts as the latter are threaded downwardly on the shanks 66.
  • the outer edge of the cover plate 20 may be deflected upwardly or downwardly to control the width of theorifice 10 to any selected width using a spacer gauge for uniform adjustment around the periphery if desired.
  • the spray unit 30 depicted in FIGS. 3 and 4 may be supported on the surface of the parent body of liquid by bouyant float 80.
  • the spray unit on the float may be moored at a given location in the body of water by stringing cables (not shown) from the shore to the eyes 81 angularly spaced around the periphery of the float.
  • the float may be formed of a stainless steel outer shell 84.
  • the outer shell 84 is filled with a low density material 85, such as polyurethane foam.
  • the float supported unit has proved to be particularly advantageous.
  • the spray nozzle of the invention may assume various configurations.
  • the orifice is circular.
  • the orifice is straight.
  • FIG. 8 there is shown in top plan view a float supported spray unit 30'.
  • the bouyant float of a rectangular configuration has spray orifices l0 and 10" located on opposite sides and extending substantially the length of the float along a straight line.
  • a motor 44' supported centrally of float 80' is used to drive a turbine which is supplied water through an intake plenum chamber 39' that extends longitudinally along the length of the float.
  • the water received into intake plenum chamber 39' through intake openings 37' and 38 is delivered by turbine to discharge plenum chamber 22' from which it is projected into the atmosphere through the orifices l0 and 10".
  • the turbine 40 has blades 43 mounted within a cylindrical conduit 36.
  • the intake plenum chamber 39' is provided on opposite sides with intake openings 37' and 38.
  • the ends of cover plate 20 are sealed to wall 21' by suitable means (not shown), so that the water is sprayed through the nozzles 10', 10 located at the side of the spray unit.
  • the discharge plenum chamber 22' is formed between walls 20' and 21' for conducting liquid to orifices l0 and 10" located at opposite sides of the plheum chamber.
  • Each orifice is in the form of a straight line which may approximate the length of the float.
  • a first wall member 11' is secured to cove plate 20".
  • a second wall 12' projects a stream of liquid against wall 11' as described in connection with FIGS. 1-5.
  • a nut and bolt assembly 60' as depicted in FIG. 7 may be used to vary the width of orifice 10 as more fully described in connection with FIG. 4 hereinabove.
  • the device shown in FIGS. 6-8 forms a first liquid sheet on wall 11' which is intersected by a second liquid sheet formed on and projected from wall 12' against wall 11'. If it is desired to vary the width of the orifice l0, bolt and nut assembly 60' is used to move wall member 11' to the desired new position.
  • FIGS. 9A through 9E The device depicted in FIGS. 6-8 may be employed in various situations for producing various effects as shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 9A through 9E.
  • the spray unit 30' may be mounted cross-wise to a channel having a water flowing direction indicated by arrow F.
  • the water is drawn into the spray unit 30' on both the upstream and downstrem sides of the intake as shown by the arrows, and sprayed through the nozzle both upstream and downstream in what is characterized as Mixed Flow.
  • FIG. 9B the downstream intake and spray orifice may be blocked so that the water is withdrawn and discharged only on the upstream side of the spray unit in what is characterized as Reverse Recy- I cle.
  • FIG. 9C Another variation is illustrated in FIG. 9C in which the water is withdrawn on the downstream side and discharged on the upstream side in what is termed Reverse Spray.
  • FIG. 9D Another arrangement is a Forward spray illustrated in FIG. 9D in which the intake is on the upstream side and the spray is on the downstream side of the spray unit.
  • FIG. 9E A Forward Recycle is illustrated in FIG. 9E in which the water is withdrawn and discharged from the downstream side of the spray unit.
  • FIG. 10 Another form of spray device is shown in FIG. 10 in which a plurality of orifices are employed in a spray unit to spray in the same direction by spraying at differing angles.
  • two nozzles I 10 and 210 spray liquid into the atmosphere.
  • the nozzle 110 has a frusto-conical wall 111 which projects spray into the atmosphere at an angle of about 45.
  • a second nozzle 210 has a frusto-conical wall 211 which guides the spray into the atmosphere at an angle of about offset from vertical.
  • Nozzle 110 is provided with a frusto-conical wall 111 and a generally vertical wall 112.
  • the wall 112 conducts a liquid sheet which intersects aliquid sheet on wall 1 1 1, as shown in connection with FIG. 1.
  • nozzle 210 is provided with a wall 211 in the form of a frusto-conical member.
  • a second wall 212 is vertically positioned for conducting a stream that intersects with a streamon wall 211 as described in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the size of the orifice nozzle 110 is selectively adjustable by a nut and bolt assembly 160, the type previously described in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the size of nozzle 210 can be selectively adjustable by a similar nut and bolt assembly 260.
  • the cover plate 120 terminates at nozzle 210 in a downward skirt 212 forming one wall of the biangular nozzle 210.
  • the cover plate 120 is supported at its inner end by upstanding posts 115 in the'plenum chamber 122.
  • a second cover plate 220 extends inwardly from the nozzle 210.
  • the two concentric nozzles 110 and 210 incorporate the principles previously described in connection with the nozzle of FIG. 1.
  • the concentric nozzles and 210 project concentric sprays into the atmosphere, but each spray has a trajectory position at a different angle with respect to horizontal.
  • the spray device shown in FIG. 10 is especially useful for spraying large volumes of liquid by a single floating unit.
  • the pressure nozzle has an orifice which increases the dynamic pressure head relative to the static pressure head.
  • a lateral first wall at one side of the orifice extends longitudinally along the liquid flow path from a point upstream to a point downstream of the orifice.
  • the portion of the first wall downstream of, and exterior to, the orifice has a length at least the effective length of the orifice for traversing, and extending across the entire path of liquid flow from other orifice walls; the portion of the wall upstream of, and interior to, the orifice has a length sufficient to form a first unidirectional sheet of liquid which is laminar adjacent to the wall.
  • the sheet is conducted from inside to outside of the orifice along the wall.
  • a second sheet of liquid is similarly generated on an adjacent second wall, upstream of, and interior to, the orifice, and is conducted for intersection at the acute angle with the first sheet at a point outside the orifice.
  • the depth of each liquid sheet so formed is thin relative to its breadth.
  • the resulting stream, formed by the collision of the two thin liquid sheets is unstable and shatters into droplets as it is projected into the atmosphere.
  • the intersection of the laminar sheets of liquid produces a stream that disrupts in a predictable manner into droplets of an optimum size and number, andwhich can be predictably varied by adjusting the size of the nozzle orifice.
  • the surface of the orifice walls contacting the liquid have dimensions and are of a configuration sufficient to generate and maintain a unidirectional sheet of liquid on each wall from a point inside the orifice to a point of collision of the sheets prior to the end of one wall outside of the orifice thereby resulting in an emerging unstable stream which disrupts into droplets of predictable size as they are projected into the atmosphere.
  • the length of the wall upstream of, and interior to, the orifice will necessarily be somewhat smaller in length than the outside dimensioned length of the orifice since the shape configuration of the wall is the t ust um 0 n ..j
  • the pressure nozzle of the invention produces a spray having droplets of an optimum size and number without using rotating parts, as in a spinning nozzle, and by the novel arrangement of stationary walls at the nozzle orifice.
  • the spray is substantially free from droplets of a size, for example of a size less than 30 microns, that will form a mist which will drift.
  • the nozzle of the invention may be used in many different configurations. It may be circular or straight, and may be employed in many different spray units to meet the needs, circumstances and desiderata of many different situations as shown for instance in FIGS. 2A and B, 3, 5, 6, 9A to 9E, and 10.
  • a nozzle for spraying liquid under pressure into the atmosphere and which is adapted to effect improved cooling, aeration, condensing, humidification, or stripping of dissolved or entrained gases, comprising in combination:
  • a wall member at the nozzle orifice for directing liquid under pressure into the atmosphere said wall member extending between an inlet end and a discharge end
  • the nozzle of claim 1 further characterized by said last named means having an outlet member for directing said second sheet of liquid against said first named wall member, said outlet member spaced from said wall member, and means for adjusting the relative distance between said outlet member and said wall member.
  • a nozzle having an orifice for spraying liquid, and which is adapted to optimize the size and number of droplets produced thereby, comprising:
  • a first wall member at the nozzle orifice having an inlet end and a discharge end for generating and conducting a first sheet of liquid under pressure in a path from said inlet end toward said discharge end, and
  • a second wall member having an inlet end and a discharge end for generating a second sheet of liquid
  • the nozzle according to claim 4 further characterized in that said second wall is of an extent sufficient'for said second sheet to substantially traverse the entire path of said first sheet.
  • the nozzle of claim 5 further characterized by means for adjusting the space between said first and second wall members.
  • said wall member extending between an inlet end and a discharge end
  • the nozzle according to claim 8 which further includes means for adjusting the cross-sectional dimension of the orifice.
  • said wall member in the form of an inverted frustoconical surface extending between a fluid inlet end and a fluid discharge end,
  • outlet means for conducting at least one second sheet of liquid under pressure against said wall member at an acute angle that intersects said first sheet on a said first wall member be tween said fluid inlet end and said discharge end sufficient to optimize the size and number of droplets in the liquid spray.
  • the nozzle according to claim 12 which further includes means for adjusting the distance between said outlet means and said wall'member.
  • a nozzle for spraying liquid under pressure into the atmosphere comprising:
  • said wall member having the configuration of an inverted frusto-conical surface
  • said wall member having a circular inlet end and a circular discharge end of greater diameter than said inlet end
  • a P substantially P to Said Wall member directing said second sheet at an acute angle that and intersects said first liquid sheet before said first outlet means for conductmg a Second l Sheet sheet leaves the wall member in order to form a under pressure i Y' member at f liquid spray which is substantially disrupted into acute angle that intersects said first sheet on said droplets wall member between said inlet and discharge ends thereof in order to form a stream of liquid that is ll 'lli y.Sli lpisfl.F EW Q "W- from parallel in the range from 10 to 80.
  • the nozzle according to claim 14 which further 22.
  • the method of claim 20 which further comprises includes means for adjusting the distance between said 15 the stefiof adjusting the Size of the outle means and said wan f 23.
  • Kn apparatus for spraying liquid comprising:
  • distributing chamber means for directing the water under pressure to nozzle means
  • orifice means on said nozzle means for directing the water into the atmosphere
  • biangular wall members at said orifice means for disintegrating the water into droplets as it is projected into the atmosphere
  • said biangular wall members including a first wall for producing a first sheet of water and a second wall member for producing a second sheet of water that plenum chamber means communicating with said conduit means for conducting the propelled liquid outwardly from said conduit means;
  • nozzle chamber means communicating with said plenum chamber means for projecting the liquid into the atmos-phere
  • said orifice means having an opening for increasing the velocity pressure head relative to the static rTssure head
  • the apparatus of claim 17 further characterized by means for adjusting the distance between said wall members in order to vary the size of the orifice.

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US05273181 1972-07-19 1972-07-19 Apparatus and process for spraying liquids Expired - Lifetime US3771724A (en)

Priority Applications (19)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05273181 US3771724A (en) 1972-07-19 1972-07-19 Apparatus and process for spraying liquids
CA152,925A CA956671A (en) 1972-07-19 1972-09-29 Apparatus and process for spraying liquids
AU47547/72A AU467709B2 (en) 1972-07-19 1972-10-09 Apparatus and process for spraying liquids
DE2249844A DE2249844A1 (de) 1972-07-19 1972-10-11 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum verspruehen von fluessigkeiten
GB4872372A GB1412744A (en) 1972-07-19 1972-10-23 Apparatus and method for spraying liquids
IT5369872A IT966840B (it) 1972-07-19 1972-10-30 Perfezionamento nei dispositivi e procedimenti per spruzzare liquidi
FR7239205A FR2193330A5 (no) 1972-07-19 1972-11-06
IL4253273A IL42532A (en) 1972-07-19 1973-06-18 Method and apparatus for spraying liquids
US37073473 US3833173A (en) 1972-07-19 1973-06-18 Apparatus and process for spraying liquids
SE7308878A SE390357B (sv) 1972-07-19 1973-06-25 Munstycke for finfordelning och spridning av vetska under tryck i atmosferen
NO271673A NO134570C (no) 1972-07-19 1973-07-02
CH978973A CH554700A (de) 1972-07-19 1973-07-05 Verfahren zum verspruehen von fluessigkeiten sowie vorrichtung zur ausfuehrung des verfahrens.
JP7889473A JPS4958409A (no) 1972-07-19 1973-07-12
ES417011A ES417011A1 (es) 1972-07-19 1973-07-17 Una disposicion de tobera para pulverizar liquido a presiona la atmosfera.
NL7309987A NL7309987A (no) 1972-07-19 1973-07-18
ES424534A ES424534A1 (es) 1972-07-19 1974-03-22 Un aparato para pulverizar liquidos.
ES424535A ES424535A1 (es) 1972-07-19 1974-03-22 Un metodo de pulverizar liquido.
US05/600,727 US3998389A (en) 1972-07-19 1975-07-31 Apparatus for gas treatment of liquids
GB43367/76A GB1506548A (en) 1972-07-19 1976-10-19 Apparatus for treating liquids by contact with gases

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US05273181 US3771724A (en) 1972-07-19 1972-07-19 Apparatus and process for spraying liquids

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US37073473 Expired - Lifetime US3833173A (en) 1972-07-19 1973-06-18 Apparatus and process for spraying liquids

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CA (1) CA956671A (no)
CH (1) CH554700A (no)
DE (1) DE2249844A1 (no)
ES (3) ES417011A1 (no)
FR (1) FR2193330A5 (no)
GB (1) GB1412744A (no)
IL (1) IL42532A (no)
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US3980740A (en) * 1973-12-12 1976-09-14 Landustrie Sneek, Machinefabriek Elektrotechniek B.V. Devices for aerating liquids
US3998389A (en) * 1972-07-19 1976-12-21 Richards Of Rockford Apparatus for gas treatment of liquids
US4537679A (en) * 1977-11-04 1985-08-27 Reid John H Conservation of momentum in a barrier oxidation ditch
US4543185A (en) * 1977-11-04 1985-09-24 Reid John H Conservation of momentum in a barrier oxidation ditch
FR2626960A1 (fr) * 1988-02-08 1989-08-11 Peme Pompes Procedes Mod Eleva Fontaine lumineuse
US6503362B1 (en) 1992-09-29 2003-01-07 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Atomizing nozzle an filter and spray generating device
US20030127754A1 (en) * 2002-01-09 2003-07-10 Ruzicka Wayne E. Wave generator with oxygen injection for treatment of a body of fluid
WO2004024307A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-25 Mcneill Willie B Jr Directional wastewater aerator and method
US20040159319A1 (en) * 1997-09-26 2004-08-19 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Microstructured filter
US20050280167A1 (en) * 2004-06-21 2005-12-22 Hills Blair H Apparatus and method for diffused aeration
US20070063362A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2007-03-22 Risto Huhta-Koivisto Apparatus and method for aeration/mixing of water
US20070200261A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-30 Hills Blair H Apparatus for surface mixing of gasses and liquids
US20070200262A1 (en) * 2004-06-21 2007-08-30 Hills Blair H Apparatus for mixing gasses and liquids
US20070233420A1 (en) * 2006-02-09 2007-10-04 Potucek Kevin L Programmable aerator cooling system
US20170213451A1 (en) 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 Hayward Industries, Inc. Systems and Methods for Providing Network Connectivity and Remote Monitoring, Optimization, and Control of Pool/Spa Equipment
US20200319621A1 (en) 2016-01-22 2020-10-08 Hayward Industries, Inc. Systems and Methods for Providing Network Connectivity and Remote Monitoring, Optimization, and Control of Pool/Spa Equipment
US10976713B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-04-13 Hayward Industries, Inc. Modular pool/spa control system

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GB2206951B (en) * 1987-07-03 1991-05-01 Bonsack Baths Water outlets
US5246166A (en) * 1991-09-30 1993-09-21 Her Majesty The Queen In The Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Forestry Spraying apparatus
FR2709987B1 (fr) * 1993-09-16 1995-11-17 Claude Faivre Aérateur de surface pour bassin.
GB2297727B (en) * 1995-02-08 1998-04-22 Griffith David Haffield A pond float
DE10024889B4 (de) * 2000-05-16 2008-09-04 Gea Wtt Gmbh Plattenwärmeübertrager mit Zerstäuber
US20050029846A1 (en) * 2003-07-29 2005-02-10 Arnold Jonas Adjustable chair, in particular to prevent users from deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
WO2007076962A1 (de) * 2006-01-02 2007-07-12 Ryll-Tech Gmbh Heizbrenner
CN104048553B (zh) * 2014-07-01 2015-11-18 上海理工大学 冷却塔中不同流量时均匀布水的装置及方法
DE102018115879A1 (de) 2018-06-29 2020-01-23 Uwe Richter Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur konturnahen Temperierung schalenförmiger Formwerkzeuge
CN110369210B (zh) * 2019-07-29 2021-04-30 贵州同利环境科技有限公司 一种组合式假山景观用旋转水帘喷泉
US11752509B2 (en) 2021-06-17 2023-09-12 Upside Foods, Inc. Fluid dispenser for recovering material from a surface
CN113413715A (zh) * 2021-08-08 2021-09-21 张晓龙 一种挖掘机喷水防灰器装置

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Cited By (42)

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US3998389A (en) * 1972-07-19 1976-12-21 Richards Of Rockford Apparatus for gas treatment of liquids
US3980740A (en) * 1973-12-12 1976-09-14 Landustrie Sneek, Machinefabriek Elektrotechniek B.V. Devices for aerating liquids
US4537679A (en) * 1977-11-04 1985-08-27 Reid John H Conservation of momentum in a barrier oxidation ditch
US4543185A (en) * 1977-11-04 1985-09-24 Reid John H Conservation of momentum in a barrier oxidation ditch
FR2626960A1 (fr) * 1988-02-08 1989-08-11 Peme Pompes Procedes Mod Eleva Fontaine lumineuse
EP0327779A1 (fr) * 1988-02-08 1989-08-16 Pompes Et Procedes Modernes D'elevation D'eau P.E.M.E. Fontaine lumineuse
US7246615B2 (en) 1992-09-29 2007-07-24 Boehringer International Gmbh Atomising nozzle and filter and spray generating device
US6503362B1 (en) 1992-09-29 2003-01-07 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Atomizing nozzle an filter and spray generating device
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US6977042B2 (en) 1997-09-26 2005-12-20 Klaus Kadel Microstructured filter
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US7645383B2 (en) 1997-09-26 2010-01-12 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Microstructured filter
US20060032494A1 (en) * 1997-09-26 2006-02-16 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Microstructured filter
US20040159319A1 (en) * 1997-09-26 2004-08-19 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Microstructured filter
US20030127754A1 (en) * 2002-01-09 2003-07-10 Ruzicka Wayne E. Wave generator with oxygen injection for treatment of a body of fluid
US7121536B2 (en) * 2002-01-09 2006-10-17 Pond Doctor, Inc. Wave generator with oxygen injection for treatment of a body of fluid
WO2004024307A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-25 Mcneill Willie B Jr Directional wastewater aerator and method
US7644909B2 (en) * 2004-01-27 2010-01-12 Waterix Oy Apparatus and method for aeration/mixing of water
US20070063362A1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2007-03-22 Risto Huhta-Koivisto Apparatus and method for aeration/mixing of water
US7398963B2 (en) * 2004-06-21 2008-07-15 Hills Blair H Apparatus and method for diffused aeration
US20070200262A1 (en) * 2004-06-21 2007-08-30 Hills Blair H Apparatus for mixing gasses and liquids
US8585023B2 (en) 2004-06-21 2013-11-19 Blair H. Hills Apparatus for mixing gasses and liquids
US20050280167A1 (en) * 2004-06-21 2005-12-22 Hills Blair H Apparatus and method for diffused aeration
US8146894B2 (en) 2004-06-21 2012-04-03 Hills Blair H Apparatus for mixing gasses and liquids
US20070200261A1 (en) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-30 Hills Blair H Apparatus for surface mixing of gasses and liquids
US8056887B2 (en) 2006-01-30 2011-11-15 Hills Blair H Apparatus for surface mixing of gasses and liquids
US20070233420A1 (en) * 2006-02-09 2007-10-04 Potucek Kevin L Programmable aerator cooling system
US20070244576A1 (en) * 2006-02-09 2007-10-18 Potucek Kevin L Programmable temperature control system for pools and spas
US9501072B2 (en) 2006-02-09 2016-11-22 Hayward Industries, Inc. Programmable temperature control system for pools and spas
US11256274B2 (en) 2006-02-09 2022-02-22 Hayward Industries, Inc. Programmable temperature control system for pools and spas
US11822300B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2023-11-21 Hayward Industries, Inc. Modular pool/spa control system
US10976713B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-04-13 Hayward Industries, Inc. Modular pool/spa control system
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US11096862B2 (en) 2016-01-22 2021-08-24 Hayward Industries, Inc. Systems and methods for providing network connectivity and remote monitoring, optimization, and control of pool/spa equipment
US11122669B2 (en) 2016-01-22 2021-09-14 Hayward Industries, Inc. Systems and methods for providing network connectivity and remote monitoring, optimization, and control of pool/spa equipment
US11129256B2 (en) 2016-01-22 2021-09-21 Hayward Industries, Inc. Systems and methods for providing network connectivity and remote monitoring, optimization, and control of pool/spa equipment
US10219975B2 (en) 2016-01-22 2019-03-05 Hayward Industries, Inc. Systems and methods for providing network connectivity and remote monitoring, optimization, and control of pool/spa equipment
US11720085B2 (en) 2016-01-22 2023-08-08 Hayward Industries, Inc. Systems and methods for providing network connectivity and remote monitoring, optimization, and control of pool/spa equipment
US20170213451A1 (en) 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 Hayward Industries, Inc. Systems and Methods for Providing Network Connectivity and Remote Monitoring, Optimization, and Control of Pool/Spa Equipment

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Publication number Publication date
SE390357B (sv) 1976-12-13
AU467709B2 (en) 1975-12-11
ES417011A1 (es) 1976-03-01
GB1412744A (en) 1975-11-05
CH554700A (de) 1974-10-15
ES424534A1 (es) 1976-07-01
FR2193330A5 (no) 1974-02-15
AU4754772A (en) 1974-04-26
JPS4958409A (no) 1974-06-06
US3833173A (en) 1974-09-03
ES424535A1 (es) 1976-06-16
NL7309987A (no) 1974-01-22
NO134570C (no) 1976-11-03
DE2249844A1 (de) 1974-01-31
IL42532A (en) 1975-08-31
CA956671A (en) 1974-10-22
NO134570B (no) 1976-07-26
IL42532A0 (en) 1973-08-29
IT966840B (it) 1974-02-20

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Owner name: AQUA-AEROBIC SYSTEMS, INC., 6306 NORTH ALPINE ROAD

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RICHARD OF ROCKFORD, INC. A CORP OF IL;REEL/FRAME:004644/0415

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Owner name: AQUA-AEROBIC SYSTEMS, INC., A CORP OF IL, ILLINOI

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:RICHARD OF ROCKFORD, INC. A CORP OF IL;REEL/FRAME:004644/0415

Effective date: 19861201