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US3735293A - High frequency cable - Google Patents

High frequency cable Download PDF

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Publication number
US3735293A
US3735293A US00142574A US3735293DA US3735293A US 3735293 A US3735293 A US 3735293A US 00142574 A US00142574 A US 00142574A US 3735293D A US3735293D A US 3735293DA US 3735293 A US3735293 A US 3735293A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
conductor
center line
constructed
cable
around
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00142574A
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English (en)
Inventor
O Breitenbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kabelmetal Electro GmbH
KM Kabelmetal AG
Original Assignee
KM Kabelmetal AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3735293A publication Critical patent/US3735293A/en
Assigned to KABELMETAL ELECTRO GMBH, KABELKAMP 20, 3000 HANNOVER 1, GERMANY reassignment KABELMETAL ELECTRO GMBH, KABELKAMP 20, 3000 HANNOVER 1, GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KABEL- UND METALLWERKE GUTEHOFFNUNGSHUTTE AG
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H01B11/1808—Construction of the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/06—Cables with twisted pairs or quads with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic disturbances, e.g. screens
    • H01B11/10—Screens specially adapted for reducing interference from external sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high frequency cable and conductor system of the type in which a partial field is developed external to the cable and wherein a conductor or the conductors are enveloped by dielectric material which, in turn, is enveloped by a metallic shield.
  • High frequency signals are sometimes to be transmitted from a stationary transmitter to a mobile receiver, or vice versa, and often under special operating conditions.
  • rail vehicles are to remain in contact with a station ahead, even while passing through a tunnel, wherein regular h-f transmission would be interrupted.
  • a conductive system is required which, on one hand, permits propagation of h-f energy at low losses, but, on the other hand, the conductive system is to radiate such h-f energy at a particular intensity along its extension.
  • a conductive system e.g., a radiating cable, will be installed along the track and the vehicle receiver may pick up signals anywhere along the cable.
  • Another type of radiating conductor which, to some extent, can be regarded as approximation of a coaxial conductor system.
  • the system has inner and outer conductors, but the outer conductor has an axial slot along the entire extension of the cable.
  • the cable radiates through that slot.
  • the known radiating cables of that type have the disadvantage that the electric field and signal strength drops rapidly with (radial) distance from the cable. This is particular due to the following.
  • the field itself has a significant stray component so that there are high dielectric losses and the overall signal attenuation in such a system is therefore high.
  • these dielectric losses are significantly dependent on atmospheric conditions which is the essential contributing factor for a change of the radiation characteristics with weather.
  • the power input for the cable has to be rather high.
  • the dimensions of the cable limit the amount of energy that can be transmitted.
  • the dimensions of the cable could be increased up to a point where sufficient signal strength is available under all conditions.
  • the cable itself becomes more expensive and heavier, i.e., cumbersome, and is therefore, more difficult to install.
  • the conductor system should include a particularly constructed outer conductor, serving either as shield or as return conductor.
  • This outer conductor is to be, on one hand, a physically, closed tube, but of such configuration that current can develop and propagate therein in and along a helical path only, extending around a center line of the conductor system.
  • the outer conductor is constructed from electrically serially interconnected, axially juxtaposed conductor loops providing a closed tube as well as helical conduction path around the center axis of the system.
  • An h-f cable constructed in accordance with the invention has the advantage that the electric field cannot emanate from this physically closed return conductor or screen.
  • the helical, coil-like contour of the current path causes development of an inductive field external to the cable that is useful for signal extraction and low loss pick-up by a receiver.
  • the electric field component does not contribute to the radiation, dielectric losses are eliminated, and the weather dependency of the radiating characteristics of the h-f cable is eliminated accordingly.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross section through a radiating cable and serving as transmitting antenna and signal propagation medium in accordance with the first example of the preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a two-conductor cable in a cross section likewise improved in accordance with the preferred embodiments of the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a section view of a modified construction for the outer conductor of a radiating conductor system, as another example of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows in plan view a sheet from which a still different outer conductor can be constructed
  • FIG. 6 is a section of an almost completed outer conductor, as made from the sheet of FIG. 5.
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 thereof is illustrated a first cable construction having an inner conductor or core 1 which is coaxially enveloped by a return conductor 2 of tubular configuration. There is no slot in this tube.
  • the two conductors 1 and 2 are separated from each other and maintained in concentrical and coaxial position by dielectric material 3.
  • the center line of this conductor system is the center axis of core I.
  • the tubular, outer conductor 2 is additionally enveloped by a jacket 4 of insulating and dielectric material.
  • outer conductor tube 2 can be seen best from FIG. 3.
  • a completely physically closed (radially) tube has been constructed by winding and looping wire onto the tubular dielectric layer 3.
  • the wire or wires 8 are wound on the dielectric tube 3 so that neighboring loops actually engage, without leaving any axial gap of helical contour.
  • the wire should be insulated at least to the extent that upon closely winding the wire in loops, there will be little or no current flow axially from loop to loop.
  • Jacket 4 may be extruded or otherwise deposited on tube 2 and may serve to maintain the loops, establishing tube 2, in position.
  • FIG. 2 two conductors 5 and 6 are disposed in parallel relation to each other along a center line and embedded in that position in a somewhat ovally contoured dielectric layer 3'. That configuration is enveloped by a tube with corresponding cross section, 7. In this case, tube 7 serves only as shield.
  • the tubular configuration of shield 7 is again obtained through the winding of wire or wires in helical configuration around the dielectric body 3.
  • a dielectric jacket 9 is disposed on tube 7.
  • the contour and construction described is analogous to the one before, and it is readily apparent, that in such view the cable of FIG. 2 will appear as shown in FIG. 3. It was found that by using a closed tube made from closely positioned looping wires as shield or as return conductor, the inductive field component as between inner and outer conductors can, in fact, be coupled out of the cable at sufficient signal strength.
  • Either kind of conductor system may have its outer conductor tube constructed differently, as will be explained now with reference to FIG. 4.
  • Strip or tape 11 comprised of a metal layer or strip 12 with insulative, dielectric backing or substrate 13 is wound on the dielectric tube 3 (or 3') with the metal tape 12 facing the body 3 (or 3') and the dielectric backing facing outwardly.
  • the tape is wound so that adjacent loops overlap, to make sure there is no gap in between adjacent loops, but the metal layer in one loop engages only the insulative backing of adjacent loop.
  • the overlap is not essential in principle but a convenient measure to avoid gaps between adjacent loops.
  • the insulative backing serves as outer insulators; however, this does not preclude the possibility of providing an additional jacket. It should be noted, that the avoidance of gaps between adjacent loops is not a principle requirement of operativeness, but any gap introduces lossiness into the cable and should be avoided for that reason.
  • the invention can be practiced somewhat differently but the difference relates in principle only to the manufacturing of the cable to obviate the need for helical winding of tape or wire.
  • the construction begins with a metal strip 15 having oblique, parallel slots 16. The stripping is held together along both edges, as the slots do not traverse the strip completely. That tape, or strip 16, is now longitudinally bent and wrapped around the core 3 or 3'. However, the strip is wider than the circumference of the tube to be made, so that the strip will abut along the lines 161 and 162.
  • edge portions are then bent up, with lines 161 and 162 serving as fold lines, to form a tap as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the abutting edge portions are then tap-welded to ob tain a closed tube.
  • the tape is then cut off, e.g., along the dash-dot lines so that no straight, axially continuous conductor path remains.
  • portion 163 is welded to 164, a continuous helix has been formed
  • a radiating, high frequency, coaxial conductor system having inner and coaxial outer conductors provided for development of a partial external field for utilization outside and along the outer conductor, the improvement comprising:
  • the inner conductor as extending along a center line constructed for current flow in axial direction along the center line; a dielectric substance around the inner conductor and physically enveloping the inner conductor;
  • the outer conductor being tubular conductor, physically enclosing the inner conductor and the substance completely and constructed for establishing a helical path as exclusive flow path for electric current flow around the said center line, there being no shield or conductor around the outer conductor.
  • the tubular outer conductor constructed as a lay of wire or wires helically wound around the center line, adjacent loops engage each other, the wire or wires insulated at least to the extent that current flows essentially only along the wires and not axially between adjacent loops.
  • tubular outer conductor constructed from a sheet with oblique slots, tubularly bent around the center line.
  • the method of transmitting energy from a stationary transmitter to a mobile receiver comprising the steps of placing a radiating coaxial cable along the path of the receiver;
  • an inner conductor as extending along a center line and constructed for current flow in axial direction along the center line, a dielectric substance around the inner conductor and physically enveloping the inner conductor;

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Waveguides (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
US00142574A 1970-05-12 1971-05-12 High frequency cable Expired - Lifetime US3735293A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702022990 DE2022990A1 (de) 1970-05-12 1970-05-12 Hochfrequenzleitung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3735293A true US3735293A (en) 1973-05-22

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ID=5770799

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00142574A Expired - Lifetime US3735293A (en) 1970-05-12 1971-05-12 High frequency cable

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3735293A (it)
DE (1) DE2022990A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2088502B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1305505A (it)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864648A (en) * 1974-03-20 1975-02-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Microwave phase shifter and method for its manufacture
US3949329A (en) * 1973-02-13 1976-04-06 Coal Industry (Patents) Ltd. Radiating transmission lines
US3963999A (en) * 1975-05-29 1976-06-15 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Ultra-high-frequency leaky coaxial cable
US3975700A (en) * 1967-04-21 1976-08-17 Carrier Communications, Inc. Radio-frequency signaling cable for inductive-carrier communications systems
US4152648A (en) * 1975-10-07 1979-05-01 Institut National Des Industries Extractives Radiocommunication system for confined spaces
US4760362A (en) * 1985-01-14 1988-07-26 Control Data Canada Limited Leaky coaxial cable providing inductive coupling by eliminating radiating gaps, and the method of making same
US6751847B1 (en) * 1999-11-04 2004-06-22 Fsu Research Foundation, Inc. Laser-assisted fabrication of NMR resonators
US20040222867A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2004-11-11 Antkowiak Marek Edward Broadband non-directional tap coupler
US20090151978A1 (en) * 2007-12-14 2009-06-18 Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina Coaxial cable including tubular bimetallic outer layer with bevelled edge joint and associated methods
US8059045B1 (en) 2008-08-18 2011-11-15 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna having an impedance matching section for integration into apparel
US8180183B1 (en) 2008-07-18 2012-05-15 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Parallel modulator photonic link
US8750709B1 (en) 2008-07-18 2014-06-10 Hrl Laboratories, Llc RF receiver front-end assembly
CN104167246A (zh) * 2014-08-11 2014-11-26 绵阳市长信电线电缆有限公司 一种新型地埋式螺旋泄漏感应线缆及其制备方法
US8995838B1 (en) 2008-06-18 2015-03-31 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Waveguide assembly for a microwave receiver with electro-optic modulator
US9335568B1 (en) 2011-06-02 2016-05-10 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Electro-optic grating modulator
RU2707385C1 (ru) * 2018-07-19 2019-11-26 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Поволжский государственный университет телекоммуникаций и информатики" Способ информационной защиты элемента распределенной случайной антенны

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1471885A (en) * 1973-05-23 1977-04-27 Communications Patents Ltd Leaky cable communication systems
US5339058A (en) * 1992-10-22 1994-08-16 Trilogy Communications, Inc. Radiating coaxial cable
JP2007311233A (ja) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-29 Yazaki Corp シールド電線

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2447168A (en) * 1942-05-12 1948-08-17 Telegraph Constr & Maintenance High-frequency electric conductors and cables
US2557261A (en) * 1943-09-14 1951-06-19 Emi Ltd High-frequency electric transmission lines or wave guides
US2852423A (en) * 1955-03-18 1958-09-16 Bassett Res Corp Shielding adhesive tape
US3187279A (en) * 1964-12-28 1965-06-01 Hafner Theodore Heating means for surface wave conductors
US3553675A (en) * 1968-08-08 1971-01-05 John A Shaver Floor covering for transmitting electromagnetic energy
US3601721A (en) * 1969-02-14 1971-08-24 Justice Associates Inc Low loss coaxial conductor using overlapped and insulated helical wound strips
US3617890A (en) * 1967-01-12 1971-11-02 Sumitomo Electric Industries Induction radio system for vehicles

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE625349C (de) * 1932-12-29 1936-02-07 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Verfahren zur Herabsetzung der durch die magnetischen Laengsfelder entstehenden Stoerungen in Fernmeldeckabeln
DE874475C (de) * 1949-09-04 1953-04-23 Siemens Ag Koaxiales Hochfrequenzkabel mit einem mit kleiner Steigung um einen Traeger gewickelten Innenleiter
DE945165C (de) * 1951-02-20 1956-07-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von elektrischen Leitern zur UEbertragung kurzer Drahtwellen

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2447168A (en) * 1942-05-12 1948-08-17 Telegraph Constr & Maintenance High-frequency electric conductors and cables
US2557261A (en) * 1943-09-14 1951-06-19 Emi Ltd High-frequency electric transmission lines or wave guides
US2852423A (en) * 1955-03-18 1958-09-16 Bassett Res Corp Shielding adhesive tape
US3187279A (en) * 1964-12-28 1965-06-01 Hafner Theodore Heating means for surface wave conductors
US3617890A (en) * 1967-01-12 1971-11-02 Sumitomo Electric Industries Induction radio system for vehicles
US3553675A (en) * 1968-08-08 1971-01-05 John A Shaver Floor covering for transmitting electromagnetic energy
US3601721A (en) * 1969-02-14 1971-08-24 Justice Associates Inc Low loss coaxial conductor using overlapped and insulated helical wound strips

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975700A (en) * 1967-04-21 1976-08-17 Carrier Communications, Inc. Radio-frequency signaling cable for inductive-carrier communications systems
US3949329A (en) * 1973-02-13 1976-04-06 Coal Industry (Patents) Ltd. Radiating transmission lines
US3864648A (en) * 1974-03-20 1975-02-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp Microwave phase shifter and method for its manufacture
US3963999A (en) * 1975-05-29 1976-06-15 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Ultra-high-frequency leaky coaxial cable
US4152648A (en) * 1975-10-07 1979-05-01 Institut National Des Industries Extractives Radiocommunication system for confined spaces
US4760362A (en) * 1985-01-14 1988-07-26 Control Data Canada Limited Leaky coaxial cable providing inductive coupling by eliminating radiating gaps, and the method of making same
US6751847B1 (en) * 1999-11-04 2004-06-22 Fsu Research Foundation, Inc. Laser-assisted fabrication of NMR resonators
US7026888B2 (en) * 2003-05-05 2006-04-11 Marek Edward Antkowiak Broadband non-directional tap coupler
US20040222867A1 (en) * 2003-05-05 2004-11-11 Antkowiak Marek Edward Broadband non-directional tap coupler
US20090151978A1 (en) * 2007-12-14 2009-06-18 Commscope, Inc. Of North Carolina Coaxial cable including tubular bimetallic outer layer with bevelled edge joint and associated methods
US7687718B2 (en) * 2007-12-14 2010-03-30 Commscope Inc. Of North Carolina Coaxial cable including tubular bimetallic outer layer with bevelled edge joint and associated methods
US8995838B1 (en) 2008-06-18 2015-03-31 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Waveguide assembly for a microwave receiver with electro-optic modulator
US8180183B1 (en) 2008-07-18 2012-05-15 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Parallel modulator photonic link
US8750709B1 (en) 2008-07-18 2014-06-10 Hrl Laboratories, Llc RF receiver front-end assembly
US8059045B1 (en) 2008-08-18 2011-11-15 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenna having an impedance matching section for integration into apparel
US9335568B1 (en) 2011-06-02 2016-05-10 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Electro-optic grating modulator
CN104167246A (zh) * 2014-08-11 2014-11-26 绵阳市长信电线电缆有限公司 一种新型地埋式螺旋泄漏感应线缆及其制备方法
RU2707385C1 (ru) * 2018-07-19 2019-11-26 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Поволжский государственный университет телекоммуникаций и информатики" Способ информационной защиты элемента распределенной случайной антенны

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1305505A (it) 1973-02-07
FR2088502A1 (it) 1972-01-07
FR2088502B1 (it) 1976-09-03
DE2022990A1 (de) 1971-12-02

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AS Assignment

Owner name: KABELMETAL ELECTRO GMBH, KABELKAMP 20, 3000 HANNOV

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:KABEL- UND METALLWERKE GUTEHOFFNUNGSHUTTE AG;REEL/FRAME:004284/0182