US3548821A - Apparatus for artificial ventilation of lungs - Google Patents

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United States Patent 72] inventors Vladimir Spiridonovich Gigauri Kalyaevskaya ul itsa, 39/6, kv. 75; Alexandr Sc'menovich Perelmutr, Giospitalny va l,5,korpus 2,kv.2; Jury Shmulevich Galperin, Ulitsa arbat, 35,kv. 51, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Boris Vladimirovich S molyarov, Ulitsa Mira, 3, kv. 90, Voronezh, U.S.S.R.' Q

[2 l] Appl. No. 662,651

[22] Filed Aug. 23, 1967 [4S] Patented Dec. 22, 1970 [54] APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION 0F LUNGS 2 Claims, 1 Drawing Fig.

[52] (US. (Cl. 128/l45.6 A62b 7/00 [50] Field ofSearch l28/l45.6, 145], 145.8, 186, 202, 203

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,068,857 12/1962 Black l28/l45.8 3,349,766 10/1967 Donofrio l28/145.6

Primary Examiner--Anton 0. Oechsle Assistant Examiner-Theatrice Brown Attorney-Waters, Roditi & Schwartz ABSTRACT: Apparatus for the artificial ventilation of the lungs of a patient comprises a pipe line which is successively supplied with constant volumes of gas and which contains a gas-distributing joint having inspiration and expiration channels, the joint being connected to an auxiliary chamber connected to the patient and containing a bellows whose extension is manually adjustable to vary the size of the space between the chamber and bellows.

PATENTED M22 1970 APPARATUS FOR ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION F LUNGS The present invention relates to devices for ensuring external breathing of a human being in case of insufficiency or complete cessation of respiration and, mainly, to apparatus for ensuring artificial ventilation of the lungs through active blowing of gas mixtures into the patients lungs.

Known in the art is apparatus for artificial ventilation of the lungs, e.g. those of the Swedish Angstrom company. This ap paratus operates at a constant frequency in the following way. A piston stroke inside a power cylinder produces an air pressure, which is transmitted into a pressurized bell containing a respiration bag connected to the patient's lung via a respiration network. The design of the apparatus provides for a complicated system of regulation of the ventilation parameters, and considerable time is required to .prepare and keep the apparatus going. Regulation of the cycle of breathing frequency is effected with the aid of an intricate system of a variator, while the value of breath volume is established by dividing a preset minute ventilation by anartificial ventilation frequency, since to maintain adequate ventilation it is necessary to vary either the volume or the frequency, or both parameters together.

ln view of the fact that the blowing of gas into the lungs results in diverse haemodynamic shifts, variations in the ventilation parameters cause, in turn, a readaptation of the organism and its compensatory mechanisms, which is extremely undesirable.

An object of the invention thus consists in providing an apparatus for artificial ventilation of the lungs, which ensures stable, i.e. adequate, ventilation for a long period of time without varying either volume Orfrequency (and, consequently, the pressure).

Another object of the invention is to provide a device permitting recovery of part of the expired C0 back into the lungs thus to secure prevention of hypocapnia.

These and other objects can be achievedby improving the power and respiration units of the apparatus.

The invention consists in providing an auxiliary chamber of a variable volume between agas-distributing joint and an outlet piping of the apparatus, wherein the gas contained in it can be effectively mixed with an incoming portion of the gas mixture.

It is desirable to provide the auxiliary chamber with a be]- lows coupled with a mechanism for regulating its volume.

It is also desirable to adapt the auxiliary chamber for regulation of the volume up to a value somewhat exceeding the volume of an inspiration.

The invention will be more apparent from the following exemplary embodiment thereof and the appended drawing, the sole figure of which shows a block diagram of the apparatus for artificial ventilation of the lungs.

An electric motor 1 via a reducing gear 2, which has a permanent mechanism ratio, and a gear 3 displaces the lower movable cap 4 of a bellows 5. The mechanism 3 crankor cam-type construction transforms the rotary motion of the rotor of the electrical motor into. a reciprocal motion of the lower cap 4 of the bellows, the latter having an invariable amplitude of motion. The stationary cap of the bellows is fitted with an inlet valve 6. A hose 7 leading to the'patient is also connected to bellows cap 6, and a gas-distributing joint 8 of respiration-valve type normally used in anaesthetic-respiratory installations is provided at the end of said hose 7. Attached close to said joint 8 is an auxiliary variable chamber 9 housing a displacing bellows 10 on whose movable lower cap a nut 11 is fastened. During the turn of a lead screw 12 secured against axial displacement the displacing bellows 10 becomes expanded or compressed, thus varying the effective volume of the auxiliary chamber 9. Calibrated on a sidewall of the vessel is a scale 13 on which a pointer 14 linked with the movable cap of the displacing bellows 10 indicates the effective volume of the auxiliary chamber 9.

The apparatus is operated as follows: The bellows 5 actuated by the electric motor 1 via the reducing gear 2 and the gear 3 feeds a gas mixture into the hose 7 in portions invariable in volume, for instance 500 ml, and at a constant frequency, e.g. 40 cycles per minute. During the inspiration phase, a portion of the gas mixture passes through the hose 7 and valve 8 into the auxiliary chamber 9 of variable volume, wherein it becomes mixed with some portion of the gas mixture remaining inside the chamber 9 after the previous expiration. Then, this gas mixture travels to the patient through an outlet piping 15.

During the expiration phase, the respiratory volume of the gas from the patients lungs passes in succession through the outlet piping 15 of the apparatus, the variable volume auxiliary chamber 9 and goes to the gas-distributing joint 8 from where it may be released to the ambient atmosphere.

Remaining in the chamber 9 is some. portion of the expired gas with a rather high content of CO (3-4percent). During the next inspiration, this remaining portion of the gas mixture becomes mixed with a new portion of the gas and gets into the lungs.

Thus, hypocapnia prevention is attained.

The apparatus of the above design can be lighter and more compact than similar apparatus of known types. its adjustment to a required mode of ventilation is made simpler and achieved with the aid-of a single adjusting mechanism, i.e. the

lead screw 12, varying the effective volume of the chamber 9 The installation and regulation of the apparatus operation is e as follows:

The apparatus is connected with the patient by means of an f intubation tube or a mask, i.e., in a conventional manner; the minimum volume of the variable volume auxiliary chamber 9 is set and the apparatus is activated; then the volume of said chamber is gradually expanded until the ventilation is adequate.

We claim:

1. Apparatus for the artificial ventilation of the lungs of a patient, said apparatus comprising: a pipe line; means for successively feeding invariable volumes of gas into said pipe line; a gas-distributing joint in said pipe line, which has inspiration and expiration tracts; an outlet piping leading to the patient; and an auxiliary chamber connected between said gas-distributing joint and said outlet piping for effective mixing of the gas contained in said chamber with the incoming volumes of

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