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US3470263A - Concurrent cracking - Google Patents

Concurrent cracking Download PDF

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Publication number
US3470263A
US3470263A US529769A US3470263DA US3470263A US 3470263 A US3470263 A US 3470263A US 529769 A US529769 A US 529769A US 3470263D A US3470263D A US 3470263DA US 3470263 A US3470263 A US 3470263A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
ethane
naphtha
cracking
feed
ethylene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US529769A
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English (en)
Inventor
Maurice R Kitzen
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Linde GmbH
Selas Corp of America
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Selas Corp of America
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Publication date
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Assigned to FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION reassignment FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A, A NATIONAL BANKING ASSOCIATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP OF PA
Assigned to SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA reassignment SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.V., FOR ITSELF AND AS AGENT FOR THE PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK
Assigned to LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY reassignment LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/20—C2-C4 olefins

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the cracking of petroleum naphtha, and particularly concerns the production of ethylene from petroleum naphtha by cracking.
  • naphtha may be cracked under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure in a manner to produce ethylene, and also in a manner to produce ethane. It is further known that ethane is a useful feed material for the production of ethylene by separately cracking the ethane. The cracking of ethane requires considerably more severe cracking conditions than the cracking of petroleum naphtha, particularly higher temperatures.
  • the refinery In typical refining operations which produce ethylene, the refinery includes a very considerable number of naphtha crackers which operate at relatively low temperatures, and a very small number of ethane crackers, perhaps only one, specifically arranged for the conversion of ethane to ethylene.
  • the ethane crackers use different tubes, have different tube heights, and require the stocking of a completely separate but full line of spare parts, all of which presents serious disadvantages to the operation of the refinery.
  • ethane crackers require quite frequent decoking, on an average of two months for example, which requires a shut-down of the furnace.
  • naphtha crackers can run for seven to eight months or longer without requiring decoking.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing schematically an arrangement of apparatus for producing ethyene by concurrent cracking in accordance with features of this invention.
  • FIG. l-A is a chart prepared from actual furnace runs, showing the product distribution in weight percent as ordinate and the percent of ethane in the feed, by Weight percent, as abcissa.
  • FIGS. 1-B and 1-B1 are charts similar to FIGS. 1-A, showing the product distribution of other products.
  • FIGS. 2 and 2-A are charts taken from actual furnace runs, showing the once-through yield of certain products from naphtha.
  • the ordinate is products in weight percent
  • the abcissa is weight percent of ethane in total feed.
  • FIGS. 3-A and 3-B are charts showing the ratio of ultimate yield of various products from naphtha feed, the ordinates being expressed in terms of Weight percent of product and the abcissa weight percent of ethane in total feed.
  • FIG. 3-A shows various products and
  • FIG. 3-B shows specifically ethylene.
  • ethane diluent refers not only to the ethane that is recycled as a result of its production in the cracking of naphtha, but may refer as well to additional ethane over and above the ethane produced from the cracking of naphtha.
  • the cracking occurs in furnace tubes under high severity conditions of about 600 to 850 C., with a firebox temperature of about 1170-1180 C. and a heat input rate of about 15,000 to 30,000 B.t.u. per hour per square foot of outside tube surface area, with exposure to those conditions of temperature and heat for a period of about 0.1 to 1.5 seconds duration, all as described in detail in my aforesaid copending application.
  • the reaction takes place under a pressure of about 3-4 atmospheres at the crossover point (the point where cracking begins) down to about /2 to 1 /2 atmospheres at the exit, pref- 0 erably.
  • the number 10 designates a naphtha cracking furnace having a naphtha feed line 11 and having a separating means such as a still 12 for producing ethylene product through product line 13. Still 12 also produces, through line 14, ethane as a significant product.
  • the number 15 designates a concurrent cracking furnace having a feed line 16 for naphtha.
  • the products from the concurrent cracking furnace 15 are conducted to a separating device such as a still 17 having a product line 1 8 for ethylene product.
  • Still 17 also has a product line 20 for ethane recycle, which product line 20 is conducted into the naphtha feed line 16.
  • stills 12 and 17 may be one and the same.
  • ethane diluent is added to the feed in the concurrent cracking furnace 15. While this ethane feed may be acquired from any convenient source, it is preferably acquired by means of a conduit 21 running from the ethane product line 14 from the naphtha furnace 10, and connected into the naphtha feed line 16 of the concurrent cracking furnace 15.
  • the naphtha feed was a light naphtha and the composition of the ethane feed was as follows:
  • thecross-over temperature was approximately 520 C. at a pressure of approximately 3.6 atmospheres
  • the outlet temperature was approximately 827 C., at a pressure of 0.9 to 1.0 atmosphere.
  • FIGS. 1-A, 1-B and l-B-l are graphic representations of the data of Table 1.
  • the dotted lines in these figures represent once-through product yields (obtained by interpolation) which are to be expected for corresponding separate cracking operations. These lines are obtained by proportional interpolation between the points of pure ethane feed on the left and pure naphtha feed on the right.
  • the line L is drawn directly from zero on the ethane abcissa to on the products ordinate, and thus, if we start from pure naphtha as a feed stock for producing ethylene, the intersection of the line L with the ethane 1, 4, z h, Ce a.
  • ETHYLENE YIELD FIGURES percent of ethane in the output divided by the percent ethane in the feed, or (94.9 minus 43.3) divided by 94.9.
  • the maximum ethylene yield, as shown in FIG. 3-B, at about 40% ethane dilution is about 36.5% which represents an increase of 6.5% (absolute) in comparison with separate naphtha cracking.
  • the increased ultimate yield of ethylene from naphtha is probably caused by an increased once-through yield of ethane from naphtha, although this is not absolutely certain.
  • yields of by-products tend to show a reduction.
  • the reduction of dry gas is particularly important, since it affects substantially the operating costs for compression.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
US529769A 1966-02-24 1966-02-24 Concurrent cracking Expired - Lifetime US3470263A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US52976966A 1966-02-24 1966-02-24

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US3470263A true US3470263A (en) 1969-09-30

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US529769A Expired - Lifetime US3470263A (en) 1966-02-24 1966-02-24 Concurrent cracking

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3470263A (fr)
DE (1) DE1593458C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR1604813A (fr)
GB (1) GB1151106A (fr)
NL (1) NL6700141A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3711568A (en) * 1970-09-24 1973-01-16 H Cooper Pyrolysis process
JPS5439003A (en) * 1977-08-30 1979-03-24 Nippon Petrochemicals Co Ltd Thermal decomposition method oh light hydrocarbon

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024012999A1 (fr) * 2022-07-09 2024-01-18 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Systèmes et procédés de production de produits oléfiniques

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2301548A (en) * 1940-02-05 1942-11-10 Winkler Koch Patent Company Petroleum conversion process
CA474635A (fr) * 1951-06-19 G. Nixon Ivor Production d'essence d'aviation
CA516814A (fr) * 1955-09-20 Shell Development Company Craquage et reformation d'hydrocarbures
US2904502A (en) * 1954-02-19 1959-09-15 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Method of cracking hydrocarbons
US2917564A (en) * 1959-01-05 1959-12-15 Phillips Petroleum Co Hydrocarbon cracking furnace and its operation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA474635A (fr) * 1951-06-19 G. Nixon Ivor Production d'essence d'aviation
CA516814A (fr) * 1955-09-20 Shell Development Company Craquage et reformation d'hydrocarbures
US2301548A (en) * 1940-02-05 1942-11-10 Winkler Koch Patent Company Petroleum conversion process
US2904502A (en) * 1954-02-19 1959-09-15 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Method of cracking hydrocarbons
US2917564A (en) * 1959-01-05 1959-12-15 Phillips Petroleum Co Hydrocarbon cracking furnace and its operation

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3711568A (en) * 1970-09-24 1973-01-16 H Cooper Pyrolysis process
JPS5439003A (en) * 1977-08-30 1979-03-24 Nippon Petrochemicals Co Ltd Thermal decomposition method oh light hydrocarbon
JPS6135973B2 (fr) * 1977-08-30 1986-08-15 Nippon Petrochemicals Co Ltd

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1604813A (en) 1972-04-17
NL6700141A (fr) 1967-08-25
DE1593458A1 (de) 1972-03-09
GB1151106A (en) 1969-05-07
DE1593458B2 (de) 1979-10-11
DE1593458C3 (de) 1980-06-26

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AS Assignment

Owner name: FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N A 19TH FL.CENTRE SQ WEST

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP OF PA;REEL/FRAME:003997/0981

Effective date: 19820217

AS Assignment

Owner name: SELAS CORPORATION OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA

Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK N.V., FOR ITSELF AND AS AGENT FOR THE PHILADELPHIA NATIONAL BANK;REEL/FRAME:004096/0520

Effective date: 19821231

AS Assignment

Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT A CORP. OF GERMANY,GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552

Effective date: 19830523

Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCAFT WIESBADEN, GERMANY A CORP.

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SELAS CORPORATON OF AMERICA A CORP. OF PA;REEL/FRAME:004156/0552

Effective date: 19830523