US3433628A - Process for the manufacture of ferromanganese - Google Patents
Process for the manufacture of ferromanganese Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3433628A US3433628A US577195A US3433628DA US3433628A US 3433628 A US3433628 A US 3433628A US 577195 A US577195 A US 577195A US 3433628D A US3433628D A US 3433628DA US 3433628 A US3433628 A US 3433628A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- manganese
- ferromanganese
- weight
- silicide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- FHTCLMVMBMJAEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)manganese Chemical compound [Si]=[Mn]=[Si] FHTCLMVMBMJAEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 42.0% Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000002908 manganese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
- C22C35/005—Master alloys for iron or steel based on iron, e.g. ferro-alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of low carbon and medium carbon ferromanganese. More particularly the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of low carbon and medium carbon ferromanganese in a fuel fired rotary furnace.
- Ferromanganese is normally produced in an electric arc furnaces by a process which involves charging manganese ore, solid manganese silicide and burnt lime to the furnace and then melting and reacting the charge to produce ferromanganese and slag.
- This process can be carried out either as a one-slag process, wherein the whole of the charge is added at the commencement, or as a two-slag process, wherein portion only of the manganese ore and solid manganese silicide is added at the commencement, with the slag produced being thereafter tapped, and the remainder of the charge then added.
- This process suffers from the disadvantage that it is time consuming, requiring about 4 hours for completion, and consequently the wear on the refractory furnace lining is very high.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a process for the manufacture of ferromanganese which can be carried out in a comparatively short time and which thereby considerably reduces the amount of wear on the refractory furnace lining with a consequential saving on the cost of replacing the lining.
- a process for the manufacture of ferromanganese which comprises charging limestone or burnt lime, manganese ore and steel scrap to a fuel fired rotary furnace, preheating the furnace and the contents thereof to a temperature of from 1,300 to 1,600 O, adding molten manganese silicide to the preheated furnace, rotating the furnace for a period of time toenable the reaction to be completed, and thereafter tapping the ferromanganese produced from the furnace.
- the charge should preferably be proportioned in such a manner that the ratio of the weight of manganese in the ore over the weight of silicon in the silicide is greater than 2.9.
- the ore should contain at least 47% manganese.
- the limestone charge should be of such a weight that the final slag tapped should preferably have a CaO/SiO ratio between 1.4 and 1.7.
- the steel charge should be approximately 10% or less of the weight of manganese silicide charge the exact amount of steel charged depending on the manganese content of the manganese silicide and the desired manganese content of alloy to be produced.
- the time required for completion of the reaction may vary from 2 minutes to 50 minutes, a time of from 5 to 20 minutes normally being sufficient to ensure satisfactory completion of the reaction. While the reaction is taking place the furnace must be rotated at a speed sufficient to ensure adequate mixing of the charge, speeds within the range of 2 to 50 planetuions per minute normally being satisfactory for this purpose.
- manganese ore or steel may be added to the charge if desired.
- the manganese silicide used in the process should pref- 8 Claims 3,433,628 Patented Mar. 18, 1969 erably contain from 17 to 25% by weight silicon and more than 60% by weight manganese. If desired a portion of the limestone or burnt lime in the initial charge may be replaced by raw or burnt dolomite.
- the carbon content of the ferromanganese produced depends primarily on the silicon content of the manganese silicide.
- Manganese silicides having a silicon content of from 17 to 18% by weight result in the production of a medium carbon ferromanganese i.e., one having less than 1.5% by weight carbon, less than 1.5% by weight silicon and more than by weight manganese, while manganese silicides having a silicon content of from 18 to 25 by weight result in the production of a low carbon ferromanganese i.e., one having less than 1.0% by weight carbon, less than 1.5 by weight silicon and more than 75 by weight manganese.
- the present process by enabling the reaction between the manganese silicide and the other components of the charge to be completed in a comparatively short period of time greatly reduces the erosion of the refractory furnace lining and thereby enables considerable savings to be made in the cost of replacement of the lining.
- EXAMPLE 2 Low carbon ferromanganese The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the manganese silicide used was of a different composition.
- EXAMPLE 3 Medium carbon ferromanganese In this example, 262 pounds of limestone, 280 pounds of manganese ore and 20 pounds of steel scrap were preheated in the rotary furnace for '75 minutes to 1,550 C.
- a process for the manufacture of ferromanganese which comprises charging manganese ore, steel scrap and a material selected from the group consisting of limestone and burnt lime to a fuel fired rotary furnace, preheating the furnace and the contents thereof to a temperature within the range of from 1,300 to 1,600 0, adding molten manganese silicide to the preheated furnace, rotating the furnace for a period of time sufficient to enable the reaction to be completed, and thereafter tapping the ferromanganese produced from the furnace.
- a process for the manufacture of a low carbon ferromanganese which comprises charging manganese ore, steel scrap and a material selected from the group consisting of limestone and burnt lime to a fuel fired rotary furnace, preheating the furnace and the contents thereof to a temperature within the range of from 1,300 to 1,'600 C., adding molten manganese silicide to the preheated furnace, said manganese silicide containing from 18 to 25% by weight silicon and more than 60% by weight manganese, rotating the furnace for a period of time sufficient to enable the reaction to be completed, and thereafter tapping the ferromanganese produced from the furnace.
- a process for the production of medium carbon ferromanganese which comprises charging manganese ore, steel scrap and a material selected from the group consisting of limestone and burnt lime to a fuel fired rotary furnace, preheating the furnace and the contents thereof to a temperature within the range of from 1,300 to 1,600 C., adding molten manganese silicide to the preheated furnace, said manganese silicide containing from 17 to 18% by weight silicon and more than by weight manganese, rotating the furnace for a period of time sufficient to enable the reaction to be completed, and thereafter tapping the ferromanganese produced from the furnace.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 64,066/ 65 US. C]. 75-80 Int. Cl. C22c 1/02, 35/00, 31/00 The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of low carbon and medium carbon ferromanganese. More particularly the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of low carbon and medium carbon ferromanganese in a fuel fired rotary furnace.
Ferromanganese is normally produced in an electric arc furnaces by a process which involves charging manganese ore, solid manganese silicide and burnt lime to the furnace and then melting and reacting the charge to produce ferromanganese and slag. This process can be carried out either as a one-slag process, wherein the whole of the charge is added at the commencement, or as a two-slag process, wherein portion only of the manganese ore and solid manganese silicide is added at the commencement, with the slag produced being thereafter tapped, and the remainder of the charge then added. This process suffers from the disadvantage that it is time consuming, requiring about 4 hours for completion, and consequently the wear on the refractory furnace lining is very high.
The object of the present invention is to provide a process for the manufacture of ferromanganese which can be carried out in a comparatively short time and which thereby considerably reduces the amount of wear on the refractory furnace lining with a consequential saving on the cost of replacing the lining.
Broadly, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for the manufacture of ferromanganese which comprises charging limestone or burnt lime, manganese ore and steel scrap to a fuel fired rotary furnace, preheating the furnace and the contents thereof to a temperature of from 1,300 to 1,600 O, adding molten manganese silicide to the preheated furnace, rotating the furnace for a period of time toenable the reaction to be completed, and thereafter tapping the ferromanganese produced from the furnace.
The charge should preferably be proportioned in such a manner that the ratio of the weight of manganese in the ore over the weight of silicon in the silicide is greater than 2.9.
The ore should contain at least 47% manganese.
The limestone charge should be of such a weight that the final slag tapped should preferably have a CaO/SiO ratio between 1.4 and 1.7.
The steel charge should be approximately 10% or less of the weight of manganese silicide charge the exact amount of steel charged depending on the manganese content of the manganese silicide and the desired manganese content of alloy to be produced.
The time required for completion of the reaction may vary from 2 minutes to 50 minutes, a time of from 5 to 20 minutes normally being sufficient to ensure satisfactory completion of the reaction. While the reaction is taking place the furnace must be rotated at a speed sufficient to ensure adequate mixing of the charge, speeds within the range of 2 to 50 revoltuions per minute normally being satisfactory for this purpose.
During the period when the furnace is being rotated solid manganese silicide, manganese ore or steel may be added to the charge if desired.
The manganese silicide used in the process should pref- 8 Claims 3,433,628 Patented Mar. 18, 1969 erably contain from 17 to 25% by weight silicon and more than 60% by weight manganese. If desired a portion of the limestone or burnt lime in the initial charge may be replaced by raw or burnt dolomite.
The carbon content of the ferromanganese produced depends primarily on the silicon content of the manganese silicide. Manganese silicides having a silicon content of from 17 to 18% by weight result in the production of a medium carbon ferromanganese i.e., one having less than 1.5% by weight carbon, less than 1.5% by weight silicon and more than by weight manganese, while manganese silicides having a silicon content of from 18 to 25 by weight result in the production of a low carbon ferromanganese i.e., one having less than 1.0% by weight carbon, less than 1.5 by weight silicon and more than 75 by weight manganese.
The present process by enabling the reaction between the manganese silicide and the other components of the charge to be completed in a comparatively short period of time greatly reduces the erosion of the refractory furnace lining and thereby enables considerable savings to be made in the cost of replacement of the lining.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1 Low carbon ferromanganese The manganese ore and limestone charge used were as follows:
Grade Size fraction Weight per charge, pounds Ore 52.157 Mn 1'+V' 355 Limestone 54. 8% CaO 331 Manganese silicide analysis-Mn, 67.2%; C, 0.50%; Si,
Product analysis.-Mn, 80.0%; C, 0.28%; Si, 0.35%.
Slag analysis.Mn, 16.3%; CaO, 38.0%; 'SiO 26.7%;
MgO, 16.0%.
Weight of product.329 pound-s.
Weight of slag tapped-J08 pounds.
EXAMPLE 2 Low carbon ferromanganese The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the manganese silicide used was of a different composition.
Manganese silicide analysis.-Mn, 66.9%; C, 1.0%; Si,
Product analysis.-Mn, 80.8%; C, 0.54%; Si, 0.55%.
Slag analysis-Mn, 12.2%; 0210, 36.0%; S10 23.5%;
MgO, 14.0%.
Weight of product.-300 pounds.
Weight of slag tapped-3 70 pounds.
EXAMPLE 3 Medium carbon ferromanganese In this example, 262 pounds of limestone, 280 pounds of manganese ore and 20 pounds of steel scrap were preheated in the rotary furnace for '75 minutes to 1,550 C.
with the furnace being rotated at r.p.m. during the preheating. The ore and limestone were of the same analysis and size as those used in Examples 1 and 2.
252 pounds of manganese silicide at 1,390 C. were then added to the preheated furnace and the furnace when rotated for 5 minutes at 1-8 rpm. The rotation of the furnace was then stopped and the product and slag tapped from the furnace.
Manganese silicide analysis.--Mn, 70.2%; C, 1.35%; Si,
Product analysis.Mn, 78.2%; C, 0.92%; Si, 0.23%.
Slag analysis.Mn, 19.0%; CaO, 42.0%, SiO 27.7%;
MgO, 5.2%.
Weight of product.3 pounds.
Weight of slag tapped-433 pounds.
What I claim is:
1. A process for the manufacture of ferromanganese which comprises charging manganese ore, steel scrap and a material selected from the group consisting of limestone and burnt lime to a fuel fired rotary furnace, preheating the furnace and the contents thereof to a temperature within the range of from 1,300 to 1,600 0, adding molten manganese silicide to the preheated furnace, rotating the furnace for a period of time sufficient to enable the reaction to be completed, and thereafter tapping the ferromanganese produced from the furnace.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace is rotated at a speed within the range of 2 to 50 revolutions per minute during the reaction period.
3. A process according to claim 2, characterized in that a material selected from solid manganese silicide, manganese ore and steel is added to the charge in the furnace while said furnace is being rotated.
4. A process according to claim 3, characterized in that the molten manganese silicide added to the preheated furnace contains from 17 to 25% by weight silicon and more than 60% by weight manganese.
5. A process for the manufacture of a low carbon ferromanganese which comprises charging manganese ore, steel scrap and a material selected from the group consisting of limestone and burnt lime to a fuel fired rotary furnace, preheating the furnace and the contents thereof to a temperature within the range of from 1,300 to 1,'600 C., adding molten manganese silicide to the preheated furnace, said manganese silicide containing from 18 to 25% by weight silicon and more than 60% by weight manganese, rotating the furnace for a period of time sufficient to enable the reaction to be completed, and thereafter tapping the ferromanganese produced from the furnace.
6. A process according to claim 5, characterized in that the furnace is rotated at a speed within the range of 2 to revolutions per minute for a period of time of from 2 to 50 minutes.
7. A process for the production of medium carbon ferromanganese which comprises charging manganese ore, steel scrap and a material selected from the group consisting of limestone and burnt lime to a fuel fired rotary furnace, preheating the furnace and the contents thereof to a temperature within the range of from 1,300 to 1,600 C., adding molten manganese silicide to the preheated furnace, said manganese silicide containing from 17 to 18% by weight silicon and more than by weight manganese, rotating the furnace for a period of time sufficient to enable the reaction to be completed, and thereafter tapping the ferromanganese produced from the furnace.
8. A process according to claim 7, characterized in that the furnace is rotated at a speed within the range of 2 to 50 revolutions per minute for a period of time of from 2 to 50 minutes.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 490,961 1/1893 Greene et al -80 X 1,480,267 1/1924 Kalling et al 75-80 2,256,901 9/1941 Horgard 75-433 X 2,830,891 4/1958 Udy. 2,931,708 4/1960 Aamot 7580 X 3,074,793 1/1963 Kuhlmann 75-80 X 3,347,664 10/1967 Bauer et al. 75--133 L. DEWAYNE RUTL'EDGE, Primary Examiner.
HENRY W. TARRING II, Assistant Examiner.
U.S. C1.X.R. 75-133,
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FERROMANGANESE WHICH COMPRISES CHARGING MANGANESE ORE, STEEL SCRAP AND A MATERIAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF LIMESTONE AND BURNT LIME TO A FUEL FIRED ROTARY FURNACE, PREHEATING THE FURNACE AND THE CONTENTS THEREOF TO A TERMPERATURE WITHIN THE RANGE OF FROM 1,300* TO 1,600*C., ADDING MOLTEN MANGANESE SILICIDE TO THE PREHEATED FURNACE, ROTATING THE FURNACE FOR A PERIOD OF TIME SUFFICIENT TO ENABLE THE REACTION TO BE COMPLETED, AND THEREAFTER TAPPING THE FERROMANGANESE PRODUCED FROM THE FURNACE.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU64066/65A AU407328B2 (en) | 1965-09-15 | 1965-09-15 | Process for the manufacture of ferromanganese |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3433628A true US3433628A (en) | 1969-03-18 |
Family
ID=3748801
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US577195A Expired - Lifetime US3433628A (en) | 1965-09-15 | 1966-09-06 | Process for the manufacture of ferromanganese |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3433628A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU407328B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE686959A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1088369A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO116918B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE301497B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3652263A (en) * | 1968-04-30 | 1972-03-28 | Taiheiyo Kinzoku Co Ltd Kk | Direct production method for medium- and low-carbon ferromanganese |
| FR2440408A1 (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1980-05-30 | Pacific Metals Co Ltd | Direct mfr. of high grade ferro-manganese - by feeding mixt. of manganese-contg. melt, non-carbon reducing agent and flux into reactor and agitating |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US490961A (en) * | 1893-01-31 | Process of producing metallic alloys | ||
| US1480267A (en) * | 1922-02-01 | 1924-01-08 | Ferrolegeringar Ab | Process for the manufacture of manganese or of manganese alloys poor in carbon and silicon |
| US2256901A (en) * | 1938-08-22 | 1941-09-23 | William Bell Arness | Production of ferroalloys |
| US2830891A (en) * | 1955-07-22 | 1958-04-15 | Strategic Udy Metallurg & Chem | Process for the production of ferromanganese products from manganesebearing materials |
| US2931708A (en) * | 1954-07-02 | 1960-04-05 | Olav C Aamot | Metallurgical process and apparatus |
| US3074793A (en) * | 1961-09-21 | 1963-01-22 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for the production of mediumto low-carbon ferromanganese |
| US3347664A (en) * | 1965-03-23 | 1967-10-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for the production of low silicon, medium-to-low carbon ferromanganese |
-
1965
- 1965-09-15 AU AU64066/65A patent/AU407328B2/en not_active Expired
-
1966
- 1966-09-06 NO NO164579A patent/NO116918B/no unknown
- 1966-09-06 US US577195A patent/US3433628A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1966-09-14 SE SE12367/66A patent/SE301497B/xx unknown
- 1966-09-15 BE BE686959D patent/BE686959A/xx unknown
- 1966-09-15 GB GB41346/66A patent/GB1088369A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US490961A (en) * | 1893-01-31 | Process of producing metallic alloys | ||
| US1480267A (en) * | 1922-02-01 | 1924-01-08 | Ferrolegeringar Ab | Process for the manufacture of manganese or of manganese alloys poor in carbon and silicon |
| US2256901A (en) * | 1938-08-22 | 1941-09-23 | William Bell Arness | Production of ferroalloys |
| US2931708A (en) * | 1954-07-02 | 1960-04-05 | Olav C Aamot | Metallurgical process and apparatus |
| US2830891A (en) * | 1955-07-22 | 1958-04-15 | Strategic Udy Metallurg & Chem | Process for the production of ferromanganese products from manganesebearing materials |
| US3074793A (en) * | 1961-09-21 | 1963-01-22 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for the production of mediumto low-carbon ferromanganese |
| US3347664A (en) * | 1965-03-23 | 1967-10-17 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for the production of low silicon, medium-to-low carbon ferromanganese |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3652263A (en) * | 1968-04-30 | 1972-03-28 | Taiheiyo Kinzoku Co Ltd Kk | Direct production method for medium- and low-carbon ferromanganese |
| FR2440408A1 (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1980-05-30 | Pacific Metals Co Ltd | Direct mfr. of high grade ferro-manganese - by feeding mixt. of manganese-contg. melt, non-carbon reducing agent and flux into reactor and agitating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6406665A (en) | 1968-03-07 |
| NO116918B (en) | 1969-06-09 |
| BE686959A (en) | 1967-02-15 |
| AU407328B2 (en) | 1970-10-27 |
| SE301497B (en) | 1968-06-10 |
| GB1088369A (en) | 1967-10-25 |
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