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US3213394A - Coupling between waveguides using arcuate slots with vacuum-tight dielectric window in region of low electric field - Google Patents

Coupling between waveguides using arcuate slots with vacuum-tight dielectric window in region of low electric field Download PDF

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Publication number
US3213394A
US3213394A US337806A US33780664A US3213394A US 3213394 A US3213394 A US 3213394A US 337806 A US337806 A US 337806A US 33780664 A US33780664 A US 33780664A US 3213394 A US3213394 A US 3213394A
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United States
Prior art keywords
wave
coupling
window
transmission system
region
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Expired - Lifetime
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US337806A
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English (en)
Inventor
Liebscher Roland
Mayerhofer Erich
Veith Werner
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Siemens and Halske AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/08—Dielectric windows

Definitions

  • the invention disclosed herein is concerned with a transmission system for ultra high frequency electromagnetic waves, especially for use in connection with high capacity ultra high frequency tubes, comprising two wave guides which are mutually connected by way of at least one slot-shaped coupling opening which is' closed vacuum-tight by means of a dielectric window through which the electromagnetic wave energy passes from one wave guide to the other.
  • wave guides are directly connected with the delay line in order to avoid contacting ditficulties.
  • a part of the wave guides forms in this man ner, a part of the vacuum envelope of the tube and therefore must be closed vacuum-tight by means of windows made of dielectric material which windows are permeable by the high frequency waves. It is thereby important that the unavoidable losses occurring in the dielectric window remain small over as great a frequency range as possible. This may be achieved provided that no particular electric field increases appear at the window due to resonance elfects occurring at the desired transmission range.
  • the dielectric window is always arranged so as to extend preponderantly in the range of strong electric fields of the ultra high frequency Waves which are to be transmitted.
  • the operatively effective surface of the window extends parallel to the electric field vector, it is very difiicult to transmit high loads, owing to the great losses occurring in the window.
  • a transmission system for electromagnetic ultra high frequency waves employing a dielectric window, such window being for the reducing of reflections arranged so that its operatively effective surface extends substantially perpendicularly to the direction of the electric field which preponderates on both sides in the transmission channels.
  • An embodiment of this known transmission system comprises two cross-sectionally rectangular wave guide parts disposed in overlapping relation with the longitudinal axes extending in parallel, and having a dielectric window inserted at the juncture of the two wave guide parts.
  • the invention proposes to provide in connection with an ultra high frequency system of the initially mentioned type, a coupling opening in the form of an arcuate slot which is arranged preponderantly outside a region of strong electric fields of the ultra high frequency waves which are present in the two wave guides, such slot partially embracing the respective region, and the total length of the slot of the coupling opening or openings exceeding half of the average operating wave length of the transmission system.
  • the magnetic field is as is known very strongly pronounced in a wave guide at the place of slight electric field intensity.
  • a transmission system according to the invention there is therefore a strong magnetic coupling between the two wave guides which are arranged at the sides of the dielectric window.
  • This magnetic coupling necessarily presupposes that the electric field vector is in the region of the coupling opening oriented parallel to the plane in which is disposed the coupling opening and therewith parallel to the surface of the dielectric window.
  • the losses at the window are nevertheless extraordinarily slight since the electric field appearing in the slot is quite weak owing to the strong magnetic field.
  • the coupling slot is advantageously of a configuration so that it extends approximately parallel to a magnetic field line which is present in the two wave guides at the place of great magnetic field intensity at average operating wave length.
  • the coupling slot of a transmission system according to the invention may be considered as a short-circuited Lecher line. Since an electromagnetic field is formed in a short-circuited line only in the vicinity of a resonance, the length of the slot is advantageously so dimensioned that the inherent resonance thereof lies approximately in the center of the desired transmission range of the system. The load coupled to the transmission system reduces the quality of the slot line very much so that the transmission range of the system becomes great. It has been found that a band width of one whole octave can be obtained with a transmission system according to the invention. Appropriate selection of the inherent resonance of the slot line makes it possible to provide for a condition in which all interference resonances of the slot line lie outside of the transmission range.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate an embodiment of the invention as to the principles involved
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a structurally simple embodiment of the transmission system according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 representing a sectional view along the lines C-D in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 shows in sectional view an embodiment in which the dielectric window is disposed between the overlapping wall parts of the two wave guides, a coupling slot being provided on each side of the window;
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 represent sectional views respectively along lines E-F and G-H of FIG.
  • FIG. 8 indicates an embodiment somewhat similar to the one shown in FIG. 5, but having a coupling slot only on one side of the window;
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the invention corresponding generally to the one represented in FIG. 8 but permitting a particularly simple assembly of parts
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 indicate in schematic manner an embodiment in which the two wave guides extend in perpendicularly crossing planes, FIG. 10 showing the arrangement from the top and FIG. 11 showing it from the side.
  • the cross-sectionally rectangular wave guide 1 overlaps with its free end a further cross-sectionally rectangular wave guide 2 which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wave guide 1 and is staggered with respect thereto.
  • An electromagnetic ultra high frequency wave is to be fed into the wave guide 1 in the direction of the arrow 3, such wave being propagated within the wave guide 1 in the form of an TE -wave.
  • the ultra high frequency energy is from the wave guide 1 conducted into the wave guide 2 by way of coupling opening 4 which is arranged in the overlapping parts of the walls of the two wave guides and which is closed vacuum-tight by means of a dielectric material.
  • the coupling opening 4 is formed by an arcuate slot (coupling slot) which extends predominantly outside the range of strong electric fields of the TE -wave which spreads within the wave guide 1.
  • the shape of the coupling slot is approximated to the shape of a magnetic field line H, shown in dash lines, at the place of great magnetic field intensity. It will also be seen that the length of the slot must be greater than would correspond to half the average operating wave length of the transmission system. (The limit wave length of the magnetic fundamental wave in the rectangular wave guide corresponds, as is known, to twice the width of the wave guide.)
  • the coupling slot 4 is then operative as a short-circuited Lecher line.
  • the electric field of the Lecher line is indicated by arrows E.
  • the load flux from the wave guide 1 to the wave guide 2 results from the Poynting vector S.
  • the losses in the dielectric which fills the coupling slot 4 are extraordinarily slight since the dielectric is loaded only by a slight electric field even in the presence of a high load fiux, owing to the strong magnetic coupling.
  • the rectangular wave guide 1 is soldered to the end of a delay line 5 of a travelling wave tube, the longitudinal axis of the wave guide extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the delay line.
  • the wave guide 1 overlaps, as in FIG. 1, a rectangular wave guide 2 which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the wave guide 1 and is staggered with respect thereto.
  • the two wave guides 1 and 2 border directly on one another with their wide sides and therefore have in the region of the overlap a common wall.
  • This common wall has in the center thereof a circular breakthrough in which is inserted a ceramic disk 6.
  • the ceramic disk 6 carries on each side thereof a circular metallizing 7.
  • an annular coupling slot 4 which is filled with dielectric material, such slot embracing a region of strong electric fields of the TE -wave which is propagated in the two wave guides.
  • the ceramic disk 6 with the metallizing 7 is so dimensioned that the average circumference of the coupling slot 4 coincides in approximation with the circumference of a magnetic field line which forms at average operating wave length in the wave guides 1 and 2 at the place of greatest magnetic intensity.
  • the Wave impedance of the slot 4 shall for good matching of the wave guide junction correspond to the geometric mean of the wave impedances of the two wave guides.
  • FIG. 5 shows a corresponding arrangement in sectional view
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show, as noted before, respectively sections along the lines E-F and 6-H in FIG. 5.
  • an arcuate coupling slot 4, 4 which is interrupted once in the range of the longitudinal symmetry plane of the two wave guides 1 and 2 in a similar manner as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the two coupling slots 4 and 4' are as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 mutually displaced by Between the two coupling slots 4 and 4' is disposed the dielectric window 8 which is in the form of a ceramic disk soldered into a cylindrical metal ring 9 which interconnects the two wave guides.
  • the cylindrical ring 9 shall be dimensioned so that the load fiux passes directly from the coupling slot 4 to the other coupling slot 4.
  • junction member which is formed by the cylindrical metal ring 9.
  • a triggering of this junction member can also be prevented when the inhert resonance thereof lies outside of the pass range of the transmission system. If no independent oscillation can form within the metal ring 9, there will not appear any electric field components perpendicularly to the surface of the window and therewith no Wall currents.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the invention which corresponds substantially to the transmission system indicated in FIG. 8 and enables a particularly simple assembly of the system.
  • the opening 10 in the wave guide 2 is in this case so dimensioned that its diameter is equal to the diameter of the copper ring 9 in which is inserted the window -8.
  • the wave guide 2 can be simply placed upon the ring 9 which is with the window 8 disposed on the wave guide 1 above the coupling slot 4.
  • the wave guides 1 and 2 which are disposed in the arrangement according to FIGS. 19 in parallel planes, can also be arranged so as to extend perpendicularly to one another, as incheated in FIGS. 10 and 11, wherein 'FIG. 10 shows the two wave guides from the top while FIG. 11 shows a side view thereof.
  • the invention is not inherently limited to the described and illustrated embodiments. It is, for example, not necessary that the wave guides, which are mutually closed by the vacuum-tight window, extend in parallel one with respect to the other.
  • the coupling slot provided according to the invention may also be situated in a partition wall extending perpendicularly to the axis of the wave guides and terminating one wave guide.
  • the coupling slot extends in such a case along the margin of the partition wall and is interrupted in the region of the narrow side f the rectangular wave guide. Experiments have revealed that a good matching extending to the load can in such case likewise be obtained over an extraordinarily broad frequency band. It may also be mentioned that the coupling slot provided according to the invention may be interrupted several times.
  • a transmission system for electromagnetic ultra high frequency waves especially for use in connection with high capacity ultra high frequency tubes, including two wave guides which are mutually connected by way of at least one slot-like coupling opening which is closed vacuum-tight by a dielectric window and through which the electromagnetic wave energy passes from one to the other wave guide, thereby characterized that the coupling opening extends arcuately in slot-like manner preponderantly outside a region of strong electric fields of the ultra high frequency oscillations which are present in the two wave guides, and which partially embraces such region, the total length of the coupling opening exceeding half the average operating wave length of the transmission system.
  • wave guides are substantially identically dimensioned cross-sectionally rectangular wave guides which conduct an TE -wave.
  • a transmission system wherein said wave guides extend parallel to one another, mutually staggered and with the broad sides in overlapping relationship, said coupling slot being arranged in the region of the overlap of said wave guides.
  • wave guides extend in two parallel mutually perpendicularly crossing planes with one wave guide in overlapping relationship with respect to the other wave guide, said coupling slot being arranged in the region of the overlap of said wave guides.
  • a transmission system wherein said wave guides extend parallel to one another, mutually staggered and with the broad sides in overlapping relationship, said coupling slot being arranged in the region of the overlap of said wave guides and being of a configuration approximating the shape of a magnetic field line which is present in the two wave guides at the place of great magnetic field intensity at average operating wavelength.
  • a transmission system said wave guides being disposed directly contiguous with one wall common to both wave guides, a circular opening being formed in said common wall in which is disposed a ceramic disk carrying a metallization on each side thereof so as to form a circular marginally extending window.
  • a transmission system according to claim 5, said coupling slot being interrupted once in the region of the longitudinal symmetry plane of the two wave guides.
  • a transmission system wherein said wave guides extend in two parallel mutually perpendicularly crossing planes wit-h one wave guide in overlapping relationship with respect to the other wave guide, said coupling slot being arranged in the region of the overlap of said wave guides and being of a configuration approximating the shape of a magnetic field line which is present in the two wave guides at the place of great mganetic field intensity at average operating wave length.
  • said 6 wave guides being disposed directly contiguous with one wall common to both wave guides, a circular opening being formed in said common wall in which is disposed a ceramic disk carrying a metallization on each side thereof so as to form a circular marginally extending window.
  • a transmission system according to claim 8 said coupling slot being interrupted once in the region of the longitudinal symmetry plane of the two Wave guides.
  • a transmission system wherein said wave guides extend parallel to one another, mutually staggered and with the broad sides in overlapping relationship, said coupling slot being arranged in the region of the overlap of said wave guides and being of a configuration approximating the shape of a magnetic field line which is present in the two wave guides at the place of great magnetic field intensity at average operating wave length, said window being inserted directly in said coupling slot.
  • a transmission system wherein said wave guides extend in two parallel mutually perpendicularly crossing planes with one wave guide in overlapping relationship with respect to the other wave guide, said coupling slot being arranged in the region of the overlap of said Wave guides and being of a configuration approximating the shape of a magnetic field line which is present in the two wave guides at the place of great magnetic field intensity at average operating wave length, said window being inserted directly in said coupling slot.
  • a transmission system wherein said wave guides extend parallel to one another, mutually staggered and with the broad sides in overlapping relationship, said coupling slot being arranged in the region of the overlap of said wave guides and being of a configuration approximating the shape of a magnetic field line which is present in the two wave guides at the place of great magnetic field intensity at average operating wave length, said window being in the form of a disk made of dielectric material inserted within a cylindrical ring-shaped member and disposed in the space between the overlapping wall portions of the two wave guides and mutually interconnecting said wave guides.
  • a transmission system wherein a coupling slot is formed in each of the overlapping walls of the two wave guides, said slots being mutually displaced by 16.
  • a transmission system wherein only one wave guide is provide with a coupling slot which is directed toward the window while the other wave guide is provided with a circular opening formed therein which faces said window.
  • a transmission system wherein a coupling slot is formed in each of the overlapping walls of the two wave guides, said slots being mutually displaced by 180.
  • a transmission system according to claim 19, wherein the cylindrical ring in which is inserted the window, is fitted in the opening formed in the wave guide facing away from the vacuum space.
  • a transmission system wherein said wave guides extend in two parallel mutually perpendicularly crossing planes with one wave guide in overlapping relationship with respect to the other wave guide, said coupling slot being arranged in the region of the overlap of said wave guides and being of a configuration approximating the shape of a magnetic field line which is present in the two wave guides at the place of great magnetic field intensity at average operating Wave length, said window being in the form of a disk made of dielectric material inserted within a cylindrical ring-shaped member and disposed in the space between the overlapping wall portions of the two wave guides and mutulally interconnecting said wave guides.
  • a transmission system wherein only one wave guide is provided with a coupling slot which is directed toward the window while the other wave guide is provided with a circular opening formed therein which faces said Window.

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US337806A 1963-01-18 1964-01-15 Coupling between waveguides using arcuate slots with vacuum-tight dielectric window in region of low electric field Expired - Lifetime US3213394A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES83307A DE1191875B (de) 1963-01-18 1963-01-18 UEbertragungssystem fuer elektromagnetische Hoechstfrequenzschwingungen, insbesondere fuer Hoechstfrequenzroehren hoher Leistung, mit einem dielektrischen Fenster

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US3213394A true US3213394A (en) 1965-10-19

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US (1) US3213394A (xx)
DE (1) DE1191875B (xx)
GB (1) GB1018887A (xx)
NL (1) NL302812A (xx)
SE (1) SE329420B (xx)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5061912A (en) * 1990-07-25 1991-10-29 General Atomics Waveguide coupler having opposed smooth and opposed corrugated walls for coupling HE1,1 mode
CN105390779A (zh) * 2015-12-02 2016-03-09 电子科技大学 一种siw叠层滤波器
CN113193312A (zh) * 2021-04-25 2021-07-30 电子科技大学 圆波导TE0n模式超宽带输出窗结构

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2602859A (en) * 1947-03-11 1952-07-08 Sperry Corp Ultrahigh-frequency directional coupling apparatus

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1034327A (fr) * 1951-03-22 1953-07-22 Csf Perfectionnements aux dispositifs de couplage en ultra-haute fréquence
US3039068A (en) * 1960-08-05 1962-06-12 Gen Electric Transmission line windows

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2602859A (en) * 1947-03-11 1952-07-08 Sperry Corp Ultrahigh-frequency directional coupling apparatus

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5061912A (en) * 1990-07-25 1991-10-29 General Atomics Waveguide coupler having opposed smooth and opposed corrugated walls for coupling HE1,1 mode
CN105390779A (zh) * 2015-12-02 2016-03-09 电子科技大学 一种siw叠层滤波器
CN105390779B (zh) * 2015-12-02 2018-07-27 电子科技大学 一种siw叠层滤波器
CN113193312A (zh) * 2021-04-25 2021-07-30 电子科技大学 圆波导TE0n模式超宽带输出窗结构
CN113193312B (zh) * 2021-04-25 2022-05-03 电子科技大学 圆波导TE0n模式超宽带输出窗结构

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NL302812A (xx)
GB1018887A (en) 1966-02-02
SE329420B (xx) 1970-10-12
DE1191875B (de) 1965-04-29

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