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US3119755A - Method and apparatus for baking anodes with preheating of cathodic sole for electrolytic furnaces - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for baking anodes with preheating of cathodic sole for electrolytic furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3119755A
US3119755A US119466A US11946661A US3119755A US 3119755 A US3119755 A US 3119755A US 119466 A US119466 A US 119466A US 11946661 A US11946661 A US 11946661A US 3119755 A US3119755 A US 3119755A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sole
cathodic
electrolytic
anode
preheating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US119466A
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English (en)
Inventor
Frerotti Edmondo
Landucci Gualtiero
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Montedison SpA
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Montedison SpA
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Publication date
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns furnaces for aluminum production by fused bath electrolysis of aluminum oxide dissolved in a fluorinated cryolitic bath, and relates particularly to a method and apparatus for anode baking While simultaneously preheating the cathodic sole.
  • the invention is particularly suitable'for high'amperage electrolytic furnaces, but it may also be applied to other furnace types.
  • the method of the present invention comprises pre-baking of Soederberg-type anodes prior to the electrolytic operation, and is particularly characterized in the fact that the method is carried out by means of either direct or alternating current immediately on the furnace itself, while simultaneously preheating the cathodic sole of the furnace.
  • the anode rests on the vat bottom, and a layer of refractory bricks is interposed between the anode and the vat bottom.
  • Either direct or alternating current is used and enters from a group of two rows of stubs or metallic rods, and goes out from another group of stubs.
  • FIG. 1 represents schematically, by way of example of the invention, a longitudinal cross section of a furnace of the indicated type
  • FIG. 2 represents a transverse section of the furnace according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically the electrical arrangement for feeding current to the apparatus.
  • the anode consisting of an anode paste 8 in an anode jacket 9, rests on the bot- 3,119,755 Patented Jan., 28, 1964,
  • a plurality of relatively small cylinders 4 of coal -or carbonaceous material are positioned-within the anodicpaste 8 between tthe asbestos insulation 1 and-the currentcarrying nipples 10 for'transmitting electrical cur-rent to the anode.
  • the cylinders 4 are preferably used on alternate nipples 10 so that the joints 11 of the nipples do not fall in the same plane,'thus preventing possiblefracture along a single plane which might otherwise passthrough all the joints 11.
  • a supportingbridge-G is provided for holding the nipples during the baking operation, and additional asbestos insulation members-S-el'ec trically insulate the-bridge 6 from the current-carrying nipples 10.
  • a .source of current- is connectedto the nipples 10.
  • the two nipples 10 shown at the left-of FIG- 2 are connected to the plus side of the direct-current. source, and the two nipples at the right-hand side of FIG. 2 are connectedto the minus side of the same direct current source.
  • the respective pairs of nipples at the left and right side of FIG. 2 are connected to the alternating current source in an analogous man-.-
  • Example I Example II Anodes of Anodes 01128 ka. ka.
  • Electrode bottom, C 700 700 Cathodic sole, C 500 500 The following advantages are provided by the method according to the invention for preheating the cathodic sole and prebaking the anode.
  • preheating of the cathodic sole of the electrolytic cell takes place without direct passage of current through the blocks 7. Consequently, there is no possibility of concentration of current in the block elements 7, and thus there can be no detrimental overheating or concentration of stresses localized in the blocks themselves.
  • the cathodic sole composed of the blocks '7 and the anthracite filling 3 between them, is uniformly heated to a relatively high temperature, which can be attained with less difficulty than by prior art means of heating, whether directly with energy such as from an electric current, or indirectly by the use of fuel oil and other methods of indirect heating. Furthermore, the method of the present invention does not result in any surface damage to the blocks 7 themselves.
  • the entire operation according to the invention for baking the anode and preheating the bottom takes place at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, the possibility is afforded of starting the electrolytic furnace as soon as the anode baking operation is completed. Thus, the bottom and the anode will both be at optimal temperature, with a consequent considerable saving of the electrical energy required for starting the electrolytic operation.
  • the cathodic sole itself is also preheated, as above mentioned, thus providing a further saving in furnace-starting energy.
  • a method for pre-baking a Soederberg-type anode while simultaneously indirectly preheating a cathodic sole of an electrolytic furnace prior to the electrolytic operation comprising the steps of suspending an anode jacket in position on said furnace in heat radiating proximity to a cathode sole, filling said jacket with a carbonaceous Soederberg-type anodic paste, and passing an electric current through said paste until said paste is baked into a solid electrode While electrically insulating said cathode sole from said electric current.
  • Apparatus for pre-baking a Soederberg-type anode while simultaneously preheating the cathodic sole of an electrolytic furnace prior to the electrolytic operation comprising a furnace pot, a plurality of carbonaceous blocks in said pot positioned so as to form the cathodic sole of the furnace, a Soederberg-type carbonaceous filling positioned in the interspaces between said blocks, an
  • anode jacket adapted to hold an anodic Soederberg-type paste when in operation and positioned in heat radiating proximity to said blocks, means for transmitting an electric current to said anodic paste, and a layer of refractory bricks forming an electrical insulating layer over said blocks so as to electrically insulate the latter from said electric current transmission means and from said paste, whereby said anodic paste is directly heated electrically to bake same into a solid anode while said block elements are simultaneously indirectly preheated only by radiation prior to starting of the electrolytic process.
  • said electric current transmission means comprising a plurality of current-carrying nipples positioned so as to be supported by said layer of bricks while said anodic paste is being electrically baked, said nipples having cylinders of carbonaceous material and of varying length at their lower extremities and having nipple joints lying in a plurality of respective horizontal planes, and asbestos insulation members positioned between said cylinders and said layer of bricks.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
US119466A 1960-06-28 1961-06-26 Method and apparatus for baking anodes with preheating of cathodic sole for electrolytic furnaces Expired - Lifetime US3119755A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1141260 1960-06-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3119755A true US3119755A (en) 1964-01-28

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US119466A Expired - Lifetime US3119755A (en) 1960-06-28 1961-06-26 Method and apparatus for baking anodes with preheating of cathodic sole for electrolytic furnaces

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US (1) US3119755A (de)
CH (1) CH373191A (de)
DE (1) DE1169143B (de)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2378142A (en) * 1943-08-23 1945-06-12 Pour I Ind De I Aluminum Sa Method for making furnaces for the electrolytic production of aluminum
US2758964A (en) * 1952-08-12 1956-08-14 Aluminum Co Of America Continuous electrode and method of making the same
US2874103A (en) * 1957-02-26 1959-02-17 Aluminium Ind Ag Method for replacing the pot of an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum
US2937980A (en) * 1956-01-24 1960-05-24 Elektrokemisk As Method of making self-baking continuous electrodes
US2938843A (en) * 1954-12-31 1960-05-31 Montedison Spa Process for the production of aluminum by fused bath alumina electrolysis and three-layer anode for carrying out said process
US3043755A (en) * 1959-05-25 1962-07-10 Aluminium Ind Ag Method for starting aluminum electrolytic cells with selfbaking anode and current supplying studs

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2378142A (en) * 1943-08-23 1945-06-12 Pour I Ind De I Aluminum Sa Method for making furnaces for the electrolytic production of aluminum
US2758964A (en) * 1952-08-12 1956-08-14 Aluminum Co Of America Continuous electrode and method of making the same
US2938843A (en) * 1954-12-31 1960-05-31 Montedison Spa Process for the production of aluminum by fused bath alumina electrolysis and three-layer anode for carrying out said process
US2937980A (en) * 1956-01-24 1960-05-24 Elektrokemisk As Method of making self-baking continuous electrodes
US2874103A (en) * 1957-02-26 1959-02-17 Aluminium Ind Ag Method for replacing the pot of an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum
US3043755A (en) * 1959-05-25 1962-07-10 Aluminium Ind Ag Method for starting aluminum electrolytic cells with selfbaking anode and current supplying studs

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH373191A (fr) 1963-11-15
DE1169143B (de) 1964-04-30

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