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US3015745A - Apparatus for ionising a gas to obtain high intensity pulsed ions or electrons - Google Patents

Apparatus for ionising a gas to obtain high intensity pulsed ions or electrons Download PDF

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Publication number
US3015745A
US3015745A US840429A US84042959A US3015745A US 3015745 A US3015745 A US 3015745A US 840429 A US840429 A US 840429A US 84042959 A US84042959 A US 84042959A US 3015745 A US3015745 A US 3015745A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
electrons
condenser
ionising
tube
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US840429A
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English (en)
Inventor
Klein Siegfried
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of US3015745A publication Critical patent/US3015745A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J27/00—Ion beam tubes
    • H01J27/02—Ion sources; Ion guns
    • H01J27/16—Ion sources; Ion guns using high-frequency excitation, e.g. microwave excitation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to processes and apparatus for ionising a gas to obtain high intensity pulsed ions or electrons.
  • the present invention contemplates a source of highintensity pulsed ions or electrons which is small and highly eflicient, and supplies a pulsed current of several tens of amperes of ionised particles or electrons.
  • the said source of pulsed ions or electrons is characterised in that an induction coil and a condenser are suitably connected in parallel and fed with a steady high electrical voltage, and pulses which ionise a gas circulating in an insulating tube situated in the field of the coil are applied to the said gas, which is also made to play the part of an electrical conductor virtually short-circuiting the terminals of the applied high voltage, a heavy current flowing through the said ionised gas.
  • the source comprises a metal gas-inlet tube welded to the mouth of a Pyrex bulb.
  • the other end of the said bulb passes inside a metal chamber in which a vacuum is set up.
  • a steady high electrical voltage is applied to an oscillating circuit consisting of a condenser and an induction coil outside the Pyrex bulb; a spark-gap isolates the coil from the high voltage as long as the condenser is insufiiciently charged.
  • the coil is also connected to the metal gas-inlet tube and to the vacuum chamber; this enables a very heavy current to flow in the coil when the condenser discharses, and the field of the coil ionises the gas circulating in the Pyrex tube; the gas then conducts, and the high voltage applied to the two ends of the said tube causes a considerable increase in ionisation.
  • the very dense ion plasma to be found at a given instant in the vicinity of the vacuum chamber, it may be likened to a current element similar to a closed circuit; according to Lenzs law, this plasma is subjected to a force of electromagnetic character which facilitates driving it out of the tube, and imparts a high degree of acceleration to it.
  • the drawing shows a non-metallic flexible tube 1 a connected to a short metal tube 2.
  • This tube 2 comprises a constriction 3 whereof the function is explained below; it is furthermore welded at 4 to the end of an enclosure consisting of a Pyrex bulb 5, which is open at both ends at gas inlet 4 and gas outlet 6 respectively.
  • the end 6 is tapered to a tubular shape, and passes inside a metal tube 7 which forms part of a chamber 8, also made of metal, in which vacuum may be set up by 'virtue of a pump 9.
  • a flexible annular packing 10 provides a seal between the bulb 5 and the chamber 8.
  • a steady high electrical voltage of the order of 20,000 is applied to the terminals of a circuit consisting of a chargingresistance 11 in series with a condenser 12 having a capacity of the order of a microfarad, the other side of the condenser being connected to the wall of the chamber 8.
  • a spark-gap 13 is connected from the junction of the resistance 11 and the condenser 12 to the tube 2, downstream of the constriction 3.
  • An induction coil 14 with its turns outside the bulb 5 is connected on'the one hand to the spark-gap 13 on the tube 2, and on the other hand to the wall-of the chamber 8.
  • the negative pole of the high voltage will be connected to the chamber 8; on the" other hand, if it is desired to' obtain electrons,
  • the appliance according to the invention thus operates as follows: a vacuum of the order of 10- mm. of mercury is set up in the chamber 8 with the aid of a pump 9; a small but steady flow of the gas which it is desired to ionise is caused to circulate in the circuit consisting of the tubes 1 and 2, the bulb 5 and the chamber 8.
  • the resistance 11 enables the condenser 12 to charge up; when the voltage across the terminals of the spark-gap 13 is greater than the breakdown voltage defined by the spacing of its electrodes, the condenser 12 discharges into the coil 14 in a very short time of the order of a microsecond; the electromagnetic field produced by the coil 14 ionises the gas circulating in the bulb 5.
  • the power brought into play when the discharge occurs may be approximately calculated. Let:
  • V the applied electrical voltage
  • C the capacity of the condenser 12
  • Q the quantity of electricity brought into play then:
  • the invention makes. available to experimenters ion sources of such a: kind that, even after passing through the various deflectors and accelerators used, the ion beam still possesses considerable intensity.
  • conductive-walled enclosure a high-voltage source connected to and charging said con denser and an ion extractor electrode inside said.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
US840429A 1958-09-20 1959-09-16 Apparatus for ionising a gas to obtain high intensity pulsed ions or electrons Expired - Lifetime US3015745A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR774930 1958-09-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3015745A true US3015745A (en) 1962-01-02

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ID=8707521

Family Applications (1)

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US840429A Expired - Lifetime US3015745A (en) 1958-09-20 1959-09-16 Apparatus for ionising a gas to obtain high intensity pulsed ions or electrons

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3015745A (fr)
CH (1) CH359486A (fr)
FR (1) FR1210346A (fr)
GB (1) GB913956A (fr)
LU (1) LU37680A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL243475A (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3238413A (en) * 1962-05-31 1966-03-01 Thom Karlheinz Magnetically controlled plasma accelerator
US3263415A (en) * 1961-03-06 1966-08-02 Aerojet General Co Ion propulsion device
US3264508A (en) * 1962-06-27 1966-08-02 Lai William Plasma torch
US3271556A (en) * 1963-10-31 1966-09-06 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Atmospheric charged particle beam welding
US3291715A (en) * 1963-08-19 1966-12-13 Litton Systems Inc Apparatus for cathode sputtering including a plasmaconfining chamber
US3337676A (en) * 1964-04-02 1967-08-22 Wah Chang Corp Electron beam melting apparatus
US3358169A (en) * 1963-01-25 1967-12-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metastable ion pinch light source
US3383163A (en) * 1964-01-24 1968-05-14 Little Inc A Treatment of surfaces
US3535880A (en) * 1966-06-14 1970-10-27 Hughes Aircraft Co Ion beam deflection system
US4521719A (en) * 1981-08-31 1985-06-04 Technics Gmbh Europa Ion beam gun
US6432260B1 (en) * 1999-08-06 2002-08-13 Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. Inductively coupled ring-plasma source apparatus for processing gases and materials and method thereof

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1206095B (de) * 1960-08-27 1965-12-02 Kernforschung Gmbh Ges Fuer Vorrichtung zum Herbeifuehren von Kernreaktionen an einer Prallelektrode, insbesondere zum Erzeugen von Neutronen-impulsen (Neutronenblitzroehre)
FR1293114A (fr) * 1961-03-30 1962-05-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procédé de pulsation d'un faisceau d'ions et dispositifs pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
GB2169131B (en) * 1984-12-22 1988-11-09 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Gas discharge devices

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1004170A (en) * 1910-03-12 1911-09-26 Felice Jacoviello Device for producing high-frequency oscillatory currents.
US1809115A (en) * 1926-07-16 1931-06-09 Robert H Goddard Apparatus for producing ions
US2219033A (en) * 1937-10-21 1940-10-22 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Method and device for generating a beam of ions of high velocity
US2285622A (en) * 1940-06-14 1942-06-09 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Ion source
US2347715A (en) * 1940-07-27 1944-05-02 Raytheon Mfg Co Arc starting device
US2553944A (en) * 1946-08-31 1951-05-22 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Electrochemical conversion of hydrocarbons
US2764707A (en) * 1955-07-22 1956-09-25 Richard B Crawford Ion source
US2836750A (en) * 1955-01-07 1958-05-27 Licentia Gmbh Ion source
US2883580A (en) * 1956-07-13 1959-04-21 Wallace D Kilpatrick Pulsed ion source
US2919370A (en) * 1958-10-28 1959-12-29 Plasmadyne Corp Electrodeless plasma torch and method

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1004170A (en) * 1910-03-12 1911-09-26 Felice Jacoviello Device for producing high-frequency oscillatory currents.
US1809115A (en) * 1926-07-16 1931-06-09 Robert H Goddard Apparatus for producing ions
US2219033A (en) * 1937-10-21 1940-10-22 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Method and device for generating a beam of ions of high velocity
US2285622A (en) * 1940-06-14 1942-06-09 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Ion source
US2347715A (en) * 1940-07-27 1944-05-02 Raytheon Mfg Co Arc starting device
US2553944A (en) * 1946-08-31 1951-05-22 Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc Electrochemical conversion of hydrocarbons
US2836750A (en) * 1955-01-07 1958-05-27 Licentia Gmbh Ion source
US2764707A (en) * 1955-07-22 1956-09-25 Richard B Crawford Ion source
US2883580A (en) * 1956-07-13 1959-04-21 Wallace D Kilpatrick Pulsed ion source
US2919370A (en) * 1958-10-28 1959-12-29 Plasmadyne Corp Electrodeless plasma torch and method

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3263415A (en) * 1961-03-06 1966-08-02 Aerojet General Co Ion propulsion device
US3238413A (en) * 1962-05-31 1966-03-01 Thom Karlheinz Magnetically controlled plasma accelerator
US3264508A (en) * 1962-06-27 1966-08-02 Lai William Plasma torch
US3358169A (en) * 1963-01-25 1967-12-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Metastable ion pinch light source
US3291715A (en) * 1963-08-19 1966-12-13 Litton Systems Inc Apparatus for cathode sputtering including a plasmaconfining chamber
US3271556A (en) * 1963-10-31 1966-09-06 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Atmospheric charged particle beam welding
US3383163A (en) * 1964-01-24 1968-05-14 Little Inc A Treatment of surfaces
US3337676A (en) * 1964-04-02 1967-08-22 Wah Chang Corp Electron beam melting apparatus
US3535880A (en) * 1966-06-14 1970-10-27 Hughes Aircraft Co Ion beam deflection system
US4521719A (en) * 1981-08-31 1985-06-04 Technics Gmbh Europa Ion beam gun
US6432260B1 (en) * 1999-08-06 2002-08-13 Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. Inductively coupled ring-plasma source apparatus for processing gases and materials and method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL243475A (fr) 1964-02-05
FR1210346A (fr) 1960-03-08
GB913956A (en) 1962-12-28
LU37680A1 (fr) 1959-11-19
CH359486A (fr) 1962-01-15

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