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US2521556A - Magnetron - Google Patents

Magnetron Download PDF

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Publication number
US2521556A
US2521556A US710962A US71096246A US2521556A US 2521556 A US2521556 A US 2521556A US 710962 A US710962 A US 710962A US 71096246 A US71096246 A US 71096246A US 2521556 A US2521556 A US 2521556A
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United States
Prior art keywords
spiral coil
anodes
coil
electrodes
spiral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US710962A
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English (en)
Inventor
Donald A Wilbur
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR999345D priority Critical patent/FR999345A/fr
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US710962A priority patent/US2521556A/en
Priority to GB30822/47A priority patent/GB655041A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2521556A publication Critical patent/US2521556A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/58—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having a number of resonators; having a composite resonator, e.g. a helix

Definitions

  • a pair 'of mutually spaced anode members is provided lwith opposed semi-cylindrical' surfaces 'which define a generally cylindrical boundaryicnflnin'g the rotating space lcharge of the device.
  • Conductors of'a parallel "wiretransmission 'line areY connected, respectively, with the anode members, ⁇ and' entend through theenvelope ⁇ of' the device'to external circuits.
  • the operating frequency is 'determined not by the electrode structure, Vas in the cavityresonator typefbut ratherv by ⁇ r the"parametersy of 'the"tra ⁇ nsmission lineconstitutingfqan external tuningk circuit forv the' magnetron.-
  • the loperating frequency is,
  • IY have found, however, that by certain confstructional features to behereinafter described; it ⁇ is ⁇ pcssible to construct a magnetroniofethis general type which retains the simplicity ofthe split anode type particularly with respect .to tuning and manufacture and *.Which, ⁇ atl the same time, provides to' asubsrtantial ndegreejthe higher frequency characteristics of the cavity resonatorg type.
  • 1,-1Figi4 represents' 'a further embodiment of' 'the invention 'incorporfat'inglceri tai'nadditional features ;r and litig. 5 represents ,a perspective" vieu/"of the electrbde'structure.
  • Fig, e Like numerals have been' used-t des?" ignate" like 'parts' throughout -the drawing.u f
  • l. accomplish the object of my invention by mounting the anodes in angular radial distribution along the inner surface of a spiral tubular coil, the ends of which adjoin one end of the transmission line forming the tuning and output circuit of the magnetron.
  • By electrically connecting the alternate anodes to appropriate different points on the spiral it is possible to obtain the proper distribution of high frequency potentials among the anodes which is necessary to initiate and sustain oscillations of the desired frequency.
  • a magnetron comprising generally an hermetically sealed envelope I, enclosing a part of a resonant circuit such as a transmission line formed by the conductors 2 and 3 extending through the envelope I and a two turn spiral coil 4 which terminates the conductors.
  • a resonant circuit such as a transmission line formed by the conductors 2 and 3 extending through the envelope I and a two turn spiral coil 4 which terminates the conductors.
  • Within the spiral coil 4 there are provided a plurality of anode electrodes 5, B, I and 8, each of which is conductively supported from a different point on the inner periphery of the spiral 4 as by welding thereto.
  • the anode electrodes are positioned in a generally cylindrical conguration by virtue of their attachment to the spiral.
  • thermionic cathode Centrally of the spiral 4 and therefore likewise centrally of the anode electrodes there may be provided a thermionic cathode of any suitable type.
  • the cathode is shown as comprising a spiral tungsten coil 9 which may be coated with a suitable thermionic emissive material of the types well known in the art.
  • Conductive connections may be made to the spiral 4 through the envelope I by means of any suitable hermetic glass to metal seals such as the seals ID and Il surrounding the lines 2 and 3 and permitting them to pass through the envelope wall.
  • conductive connections may be made to the cathode coil 9 by the leads I2 and I3 which pass through the envelope wall at similar glass to metal seals I4 and l5.
  • the cathode coil 9 may be rigidly attached to the lead I2 at one end and at the other end to a spring tension member I6 rigidly secured to the lead I5. It will be understood that the spring member I6 will hold the cathode coil 9 taut and ilxed in its position relative to the spiral and anode structures.
  • a cathode end shield I1 having ilat annular end members I8 and I9 surrounding the cathode at one end and juxtaposed to the respective end faces of the anodes.
  • the members I8 and I9 may be joined by an integral cross bar 28 for rigidity and for support.
  • the entire structure may be xedly positioned and supported within the envelope by means of a support 2
  • An additional end shield 22 may be provided on the lead I2 and the upper end of the spring member I8 may be shaped to effect a similar result at the other end of the cathode if desired.
  • a suitable getter may be provided on a getter support 23 welded to the lead I2or to the shield 22. The getter may be flashed in the well known manner during the evacuation process. V
  • the anode electrodes 5, 8, 1 and 8 are conductively supported from the spiral as by welding thereto at different points on its inner periphery.
  • the electrodes 6 and 8 are connected to the spiral at points displaced by from each other on the first turn of the ⁇ spiral while the electrodes 5 and 'l are similarly displaced from' each other by 180 on the second turn of the spiral, the anodes B and 8 being symmetrically interpositioned between the anodes 5 and 'l as shown.
  • the electrodes are preferably positioned symmetrically about tlie axis of the envelope, i.
  • alternate anode electrodes may be considered as connected to points which are on a lengthwise half of coil 4 on one side of its lengthwise mid-point 4a, while the anode electrodes intermediate between those alternate ones may be considered as connected to points on the lengthwise half of coil 4 on the other side of its lengthwise mid-point 4a. l'f. therefore, one lengthwise half of the coil becomes electrically positive and the other negative at any instant during high frequency oscillation of the tank circuit comprising the transmission line, then the electrodes 5, 6, 'l and 8 will be alternately positive and negative.
  • the spiral coil 4 and conductors 2 and 3 may advantageously be constructed of a continuous length of hollow metal tubing, for example, copper tubing. Thereby there is provided a channel through which a coolant such as water or equivalent uid may be circulated for the purpose of cooling the anode electrodes.
  • a relatively high unidirectional voltage may be imposed between the cathode coil S and the anode electrodes 5, 6, 'I and 8, the cathode being negative with respect to the anode electrodesy and that a magnetic ield parallel to the cathode and anode electrodes will be provided by any suitable means not shown such as external magnets juxtaposed to the envelope surface.
  • any suitable means not shown such as external magnets juxtaposed to the envelope surface.
  • the interaction between thel rotating space charge and the anode electrodes will set up high frequency oscillations and standing waves in the resonant transmission line oomprising spiral coil 4 and conductors 2 and 3.
  • the frequency of oscillation will be determined primarily by the characteristics, for example the length, of the transmission line and may be controlled by any suitable means such as a tuning short 24 slidably positionable along the length of the external portion of the transmission line.
  • Electrode Eil-' may be conductiveiy connected to coil 3e as bywelding thereto,at the 'longitudinal mid-point 'or electrically -neutral point 38a thereof.
  • the anode electrodes '25 through 28 are 'positioned about the linner Vperiphery of ⁇ the spiral in the following manner:
  • the electrodes 25and 28 are positioned 90 along-the periphery of the coil 30 from neutral electrodeil, one von either side thereof.
  • Electrodes and 2i are positioned' 60 ⁇ further alongl the peripheryofthe coil'l from electrodes 25 and '21, respectively.
  • the electrode'ZS is conductively connected to a point on the length wisehalf of 'coil Bil opposite the'lengthwisehali 'towhi'ch the electrode 25 is connected.
  • vSim ilarly, the/electrode 2iis connected to a point on thelengthwisehalf of coil'til opposite the'length wise'ha'lfv towhich the electrode 23 is connected.
  • the lengthwise halves referred tov are, ofcourse, 'those on nthe opposite sides of the point 353e.
  • alternatel members of the anode electrodes 25' through 428 may 'be considered as 'connected to 'points which are on'a'lengthwise half of coilS on one 'sideof its lengthwise midepoin't SELL, while the members of theanode electrodes intermediate between ⁇ those alternate ones maybe considered 'as connectedto point on the other lengthwise half of coil Sii on the other side of its lengthwise mid-point tta.
  • Ii therefore; one lengthwise'half .of the coil becomes electrically positive and the *other negative at any instant during high frequency oscillation of thetank circu-it comprising vvthe transmission line, then the electrodes 25 through 23 will be alternatively positive and negative.
  • the five gaps formedbetween elec trodes 25 through 29 occupy the same relative positions and have high frequency vfields in the same directions as'would be'found in five consecutive gaps of'a siX'gap magnetron.
  • the neutral electrode 29 will have no high frequency potential variations imposed upon it because itis ⁇ connected toa vpoint on the transmission line which has vzero ⁇ high frequency voltage during oscillation such as a nodal point ofthe standing potential "wave inthe'transmission line.
  • the cathode islshown as comprising a straightmetallic wire, for example tungsten, although itmay be o'f-the'constructionsnownin Fig. 2.
  • magnetrons embodying-*my invention "provide a multianodefconstruction which 'is very' simple to fabricate.
  • Ais simple'jto operate "principally because it may readily *be tuned in the same 'manner asconve'ntional' niagnetrons of split anode type'by simple meansexternalI to: the envelope.
  • each of said lelectrodes being conductively connected to a different point on said spiral coll.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising a spiral coil constituting a portion of a resonant circuit, a cathode positioned centrally within said spiral coil, and a plurality of electrodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil in generally cylindrical configuration about said cathode, each of said electrodes being conductively connected to a diierent point on said spiral coil.
  • An Velectrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising a spiral coil constituting a portion of a resonant circuit, a cathode positioned within said spiral coil, and a plurality of electrodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, each of said electrodes being conductively supported from a different point n said spiral coil.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising a spiral coil constituting a portion of a resonant circuit, a cathode positioned centrally within said spiral coil, and a plurality of anodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil in generally cylindrical configuration about said cathode, each of said anodes being conductively supported from a different point on said spiral coil.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising an envelope, a transmission line including a pair of conductors extending through a wall of said envelope and a spiral coil within said envelope having ends conductively connected each to one of said conductors, a cathode positioned within said spiral coil, and 'a plurality of anodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, each of said anodes being conductively connected to a different point on said spiral. 6.
  • An electrical discharge device of' the magnetron type comprising an envelope, a transmission line including a pair of conductors extending through a wall of said envelope and a spiral coil within said envelope having ends conductively connected each to one of said conductors, a cathode positioned within said spiral coil, and a plurality of anodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil in generally lcylindrical configuration about said cathode, each of said anodes being conductively connected to a different point on said spiral coil.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising a spiral coil constituting a portion of a resonant circuit, a cathode positioned within said spiral coil, and a plurality of electrodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, each of said anodes being conductively connected to a different point on said spiral coil, alternate anodes being connected lengthwise of said spiral coil to points on one side of the longitudinal mid-point thereof and the anodes intermediate between said alternate anodes being connected lengthwise of said spiral coil to points on the other side of said mid-point.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising a spiral coil constituting a portion of a resonant circuit, a cathode positioned within said spiral coil, and a plurality .of electrodes positioned in uniform angular distribution around and adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, alternate -members of said electrodes being conductively connected longitudinally o f said spiral coil to different points on one side of the longitudinal mid-point atenerse thereof, and the intermediate electrodes between said alternate members being conductively connected longitudinally of said spiral coil to different points on the other side of said mid-point.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising a spiral coil constituting at least a portion of a resonant circuit, a cathode positioned within said spiral coil, and a plurality of anodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, each of said anodes being conductively connected to a different point on said spiral coil, alternate anodes being connected lengthwise of said spiral coll to points on one side of the longitudinal midpoint thereof and the anodes intermediate between said alternate anodes being connected lengthwise of said spiral coil to points on the other side of said mid-point, said points being distributed about said periphery symmetrically with respect to said mid-point.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising a spiral coil constituting at least a portion of a resonant circuit, a cathode positioned within said spiral coil, and a plurality of anodes conductively supported from and positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, each of said anodes being supported at a different point on said spiral coil, alternate anodes being supported lengthwise of said spiral coil at points on one side of the longitudinal mid-point thereof and the anodes intermediate between said alternate anodes being supported lengthwise of said spiral coil at points on the other side of said mid-point, said points being distributed about said periphery symmetrically with respect to said mid-point.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising an envelope, a transmission line including a pair of conductors extending through a wall of said envelope and a spiral coil within said envelope having ends conductively connected each to one of said conductors whereby said spiral coil constitutes a closed conductive extension of said conductors, a cathode positioned within said spiral coil, and a plurality of anodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, each of said anodes being conductively connected to a different point on said spiral coil, said conductors and said spiral coil being formed of a continuous length of hollow tubing whereby a coolant may be circulated therethrough.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising an envelope, a transmission line including a pair of conductors extending through a wall of said envelope and a spiral coil within said envelope having ends conductively connected each to one of said conductors whereby said spiral coil constitutes a closed conductive extension of said conductors, a cathode positioned centrally within said spiral coil, and a plurality of anodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral in generally cylindrical configuration about said cathode, each of said anodes being conductively connected to a different point on sain ⁇ spiral coil, said conductors and said spiral coil being formed of a continuous length of hollow tubing whereby a coolant may be circulated therethrough.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising an envelope, a spiral coil within said envelope constituting a portion of a resonant circuit, a cathode positioned within said spiral coil, and a plurality of electrodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, one of said electrodes being conductively connected to the longitudinal mid-point of said spiral coil, alternate electrodes from said one electrode being conductively connected longitudinally of said spiral coil to points on one side of said mid-point, and the intermediate electrodes between said alternate electrodes being conductively connected longitudinally of said spiral coil to points on the other side or" said mid-point.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising an envelope, a transmission line including a pair of conductors extending through a wail of said envelope and a spiral coil Within said envelope having ends conductively connected each to one ci' said conductors, a cathode positioned centrally Within said spiral coil, and a plurality of anodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, each of said anodes being conductively connected to a dierent point on said spiral coil, alternate anodes being connected to points on one side of the longitudinal mid-point of said spiral coil and the anodes intermediate said alternate anodes being connected to points on the other side of said mid-point.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type cen sing an a transmission line including a pair of conductors eX- tending through a wall of said envelope and a spiral coil within said envelope having ends conductively connected each to one of said conductors, a, cathode positioned along the axis of said spiral coil, and a plurality of anodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil in generally cylindrical conguration about said cathode, each of said anodes being conductively connected to a dverent point on said spiral coil, alternate anodes being connected to points on one side of the longitudinal midpoint of said spiral coil and the anodes intermediate said alternate anodes being connected to points on the other side of said mid-point.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type Comprising an envelope, a transmission line including a, pair of conductors extending through a Wall of said envelope and a spiral coil Within said envelope having ends conductively connected each to one of said conductors whereby said spiral coil constitutes a closed conductive extension of said conductors, a cathode positioned centrally within said spiral coil, and a plurality of anodes positioned in uniform angular distribution around and adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, alternate members of said anodes being conductively connected to diiierent points on one side of the longitudinal mid-point of said coil, and the intermediate anodes between said alternate members being conductively connected to diierent points of the other side of said mid-point.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising an envelope, a transmission line including a pair of conductors extending through a wall of said envelope and a spiral coil within said envelope having ends conductively connected each to one of said conductors whereby said spiral coil constitutes a closed conductive extension of said conductors, a cathode positioned along the axis of said spiral coil, and an odd numbered plurality of anodes positioned adjacent to the inner surface of said spiral coil in generally cylindrical configuration about said cathode, one of said anodes being conductively connected to the longitudinal mid-point on said spiral coil, alternate anodes from Said one anode being conductively connected to said points on one side of the mid-point ci said coil, and the intermediate anodes between said alternate anodes being conductively connected to points on the other side of said mid-point.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising a spiral coil constituting a resonant circuit, a cathode positioned within said spiral coil, and a plurality of electrodes positoned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, each of said electrodes being conductively connected to a different point on said spiral coil.
  • An electrical discharge device of the magnetron type comprising an envelope, a coil within said envelope constituting a resonant circuit, a cathode positioned within said coil, and a plurality of electrodes positioned adjacent to the inner periphery of said spiral coil, one of said electrodes being conductively connected to the longitudinal mid-point of said coil, alternate electrodes from said one electrode being conductively connected longitudinally of said coil to points on one side of said mid-point, and the intermediate electrodes between said alternate electrodes being conductively connected longitudinally of said spiral coil to points on the other side of said mid-point.

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  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
US710962A 1946-11-20 1946-11-20 Magnetron Expired - Lifetime US2521556A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR999345D FR999345A (sv) 1946-11-20
US710962A US2521556A (en) 1946-11-20 1946-11-20 Magnetron
GB30822/47A GB655041A (en) 1946-11-20 1947-11-20 Improvements in and relating to magnetrons

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US710962A US2521556A (en) 1946-11-20 1946-11-20 Magnetron

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2659030A (en) * 1949-05-13 1953-11-10 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Magnetron
DE1007441B (de) * 1952-07-25 1957-05-02 Gen Electric Magnetron mit einem der Entbuendelung der Raumladungspakete dienenden Teil der Elektronenbahn
US2838711A (en) * 1951-07-27 1958-06-10 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Electric discharge devices

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4274032A (en) * 1979-07-06 1981-06-16 Dodonov J I High power liquid cooled double strapped vane type magetron

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2009368A (en) * 1930-06-27 1935-07-23 Rca Corp Oscillation generation
US2147159A (en) * 1937-04-17 1939-02-14 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Magnetron oscillator and detector
GB522360A (en) * 1938-02-03 1940-06-17 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Ultra-high-frequency magnetron discharge devices
GB522905A (en) * 1937-12-20 1940-07-01 Telefunken Gmbh Improvements in or relating to magnetron tubes suitable for use on ultra-short waves
DE696368C (de) * 1934-08-21 1940-09-19 Telefunken Gmbh Mehrfach geschlitzte Magnetfeldroehre mit doppelseitigen Verbindungen der Segmente
US2247077A (en) * 1940-07-27 1941-06-24 Gen Electric High frequency electronic apparatus
CH216807A (de) * 1938-11-20 1941-09-15 Telefunken Gmbh Schlitzmagnetronröhre mit vier oder mehr Anodensegmenten für ultrakurze Wellen.
US2399114A (en) * 1941-04-24 1946-04-23 Rca Corp Oscillator circuit
US2462698A (en) * 1945-06-23 1949-02-22 Gen Electric Electrical discharge device
US2463416A (en) * 1946-05-08 1949-03-01 Arnold T Nordsieck Anode for strapped magnetrons

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2009368A (en) * 1930-06-27 1935-07-23 Rca Corp Oscillation generation
DE696368C (de) * 1934-08-21 1940-09-19 Telefunken Gmbh Mehrfach geschlitzte Magnetfeldroehre mit doppelseitigen Verbindungen der Segmente
US2147159A (en) * 1937-04-17 1939-02-14 Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa Magnetron oscillator and detector
GB522905A (en) * 1937-12-20 1940-07-01 Telefunken Gmbh Improvements in or relating to magnetron tubes suitable for use on ultra-short waves
GB522360A (en) * 1938-02-03 1940-06-17 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Ultra-high-frequency magnetron discharge devices
CH216807A (de) * 1938-11-20 1941-09-15 Telefunken Gmbh Schlitzmagnetronröhre mit vier oder mehr Anodensegmenten für ultrakurze Wellen.
US2247077A (en) * 1940-07-27 1941-06-24 Gen Electric High frequency electronic apparatus
US2399114A (en) * 1941-04-24 1946-04-23 Rca Corp Oscillator circuit
US2462698A (en) * 1945-06-23 1949-02-22 Gen Electric Electrical discharge device
US2463416A (en) * 1946-05-08 1949-03-01 Arnold T Nordsieck Anode for strapped magnetrons

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2659030A (en) * 1949-05-13 1953-11-10 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Magnetron
US2838711A (en) * 1951-07-27 1958-06-10 Vickers Electrical Co Ltd Electric discharge devices
DE1007441B (de) * 1952-07-25 1957-05-02 Gen Electric Magnetron mit einem der Entbuendelung der Raumladungspakete dienenden Teil der Elektronenbahn

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Publication number Publication date
GB655041A (en) 1951-07-11
FR999345A (sv) 1952-01-29

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