US252021A - davis - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

. T. 817 O. E. DAVIS.

ICE MAGHINE'AND REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

Patented Jan. 10,- 1882.

N. PEIERS. Pmbum n w. Washingtnn. n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS DAVIS AND CHARLES E. DAVIS, OF INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

ICE-MACHINE AND REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming .part of Letters Patent No. 252,021, dated January 10, 1882.

A Application filed Xovember 7, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, THOMAS DAVIS and CHARLES E.DAVIS, residents of Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indiana, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Ice-Machines and Refrigerating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification, hav- 1 The object of our invention is, first, to utilize the refrigerating power of the ammonia when passing from the liquid to the gaseousstate to reduce the liquid product of distillation to thelowest possible temperature just before its liberation from pressure; second, toeasily and cheaply reduce the temperature of the weak liquor remaining, after the separation of the ammonia, to a degree which will fit it to rapidly reabsorb the ammonia and holditstrongly in solution, so that the resulting re-formed aqua-ammonia can be returned to the boiler or retort by means of an injector. t

The accompanying drawings illustrate my invention, in which Figure l is a general elevation, the boiler and tanks being shown in section. Fig. 2 is a partial plan, as hereinafter described.

In Fig. 1, A is a retort or boiler, constructed of iron and of sufficient strength tosnstain a 0, forms therein the coil K.

pressure of two hundred and twenty pounds to the squareinch.

B is a steam-heater, placed within the boiler A and connected with a steam-generator by the pipe H, and provided with a blow-oft" pipe and valve, 12.

J is a pipe, leading from the topiof boiler A, which, passing through the condensing-tank E is refrigeratory chamber, built of wood or other non-conductor of heat. A continuation of the pipe J from the coil K passes into the .passing out at a enters the closed chamber F.

Chamber is strongly made of iron and is air-tight. The pipe M traverses the chamber .F, near the bottom thereof, as shown. at N, and

passes out at 0 into the distributer O. From 0 the distributing-pipes P P P P form coilsin the refrigeratory tank G, terminating in the receiver Q, which is connected with the chamber F by the piiwxult. A pipe, S, enters the boiler A near the ttom, below the heater B, and passing upward enters the cooling-tank D, in which it forms the coil T, and passing out near the bottom of the tank, at U, enters the closed chamber F, in which it rises to near the top. The pipe V leads from the bottomof the chamber F to the injector W, which is inserted in the-' side of boiler A, as shown, and is also connected therewith by the pipe X. A pipe, Y, leads from near the discharge of the injector W into the closed chamber Z.

The operation of our device is as follows:

Into the boiler A, a quantity of strong aquaammonia is put, sutficient to fill it to about the dotted line 0 e and submerging the heater B. The tanks 0 and D are now filled with cold water from the supply-pipe f, the water overflowing at l and m, and being constantly replaced. The refrigerating-tank G is filled with a strong brine. The stop-valves in all the pipes leading from A being closed, steam is now admitted to the heater B, raising thereby the temperature of the aqua-ammonia and expelling the ammonia therefrom in a gaseous form. When the pressure of the ammonia within the boiler A has reached one hundred and fifty pounds to the square inch, or thereabout, as indicated by the gage 7c, the valve h in pipe S is opened and the "denser portion of the water from which the ammonia has been expelled in boiler A passes from the bottom of A, below the heater B, into the coil T in the cooling-tank D, where it is deprived of a large portion of its heat. It then passes into the closed chamber F until said chamber is nearly filled, the air passing out at the open purge-cock o The valve 1 in pipe J is now opened, and the ammonia passing into thecoil K in the condenser the refrigerator-tank G, with its system of distributing-pipes, are all old and well-known devices; but as heretofore constructed and arranged the ammonia, after leaving the condenser O, passes through acontinuation of the pipe in which it is contained when leaving condenser 0' directly through the-valve d to the distributer- 0, connected with the system of distributing-pipes in G.

The first part of our invention consists in inolosing together in a chamber, E, formed of non-heat-conducting material, a portion of the pipe conveying the liquefied ammonia while under great pressure, forming the coil L, and another portion of pipe M conveying the am- Inonia when relieved from such pressure. The result produced is a further reduction of the temperature of the liquid in the coil L while still under great pressure, and the consequent greater expansion and increase of refrigerative power in the ammonia when released from pressure in pipe M. The well-known property of ammonia, when passing from a liquid to a gaseous form,of absorbing sensible heat and changing it to latent heat, prevents any perceptible rise in temperature in the ammonia in the pipe M from the heat absorbed from the coil L.

The second part of our invention consists in the means employed for reducing the temperature of the weak liquor taken from the boiler A after the expulsion of its ammonia, and thus fitting it to absorb the ammonia after it has passed through the refrigerator. In this class of refrigerating apparatus, as heretofore constructed, this result has been attained in some cases by causing cold water to circulate in a coil through a considerable mass of the weak liquor, and in others by surrounding the chamber containing the liquor by a water-jacket in which a circulation of cold water is kept up. By this means of cooling the Weak liquor in the absorberit has been found difficult to keep down its temperature to that point which will best fit it to absorb and retain the ammonia, the result. being that the absorption is feeble and slow, and the slight hold which the imperfectlycooled liquor has upon the ammonia renders ordinary pumps or injectors inoperative, and thus requires complicated and expensive pumping machinery to return the liquor to the boiler.

Our improvementconsists in placing the absorption-tank F, containing a small amount of weak liquor, between the chamber'E and the refrigerator-tank G, and passing through it the pipe M, containing the expanding ammonia on its way to the refrigerator G. We are thus enabled to produce a much lower temperature in the liquor than has before been possible with the means employed, and as a result the ammonia, after passing through the system of pipes P, and returning to the absorber F through the open pipe It, is rapidly absorbed. The reformed aqua-ammonia thus produced is drained of by the pipe V and returned to the boiler by the injector W, which is operated by ajet of ammonia from the upper part of A through the pipe X. The aqua-ammonia thus removed is replaced by fresh weak liquor from the boiler, and the stop-valves in the several pipes being properly adjusted, the process goes on continuously. In first starting the injectorit is nec-. essary to allow the jet of ammonia to flow through without entering the boiler.

To prevent the loss of ammonia we have provided the waste-pipe Y, which connects the blow-off cock I) with a closed receiver, Z, in

1. In an ammonial refrigerating apparatus,

the combination of the coil L and pipe M, having their interiors separably connected by a valve, 01, and the chamber E inclosing both, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

2. In an ammonial refrigerating apparatus. the combination of the absorption chamber F with the pipe N, conveying ammonia .to the distributing-pipes P, and pi peR, conveying ammonia from the distributing-pipes P, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

3. In an ammonial refrigerating apparatus, the combination of the above-described chamber E, inclosing the coil L and pipe M, with the condensing-tank O, coil K, and system of distributing-pipes P, for the purpose set forth.

4. In an ammonial refrigerating apparatus, the combination of the absorption-chamber F, having pipes N and B, in the manner above described, with the supply-pipe U, coil T, and cooling-tank D, for the purpose set forth.

5. In an ammonial refrigerating apparatus, the combination of the absorption-chamber F, provided with pipes N and R, in the manner above described, with the connecting-pipe V, injector W, and boiler A, for the purpose set forth. v

6. In combination with the injector W, the pipe Yand closed overflow-receiver Z, substantially as described, for the purpose set forth.

a In testimony whereof we have hereunto signed our names.

THOMAS DAVIS. CHARLES E. DAVIS.

Witnesses:

J. G. LIGHTFORD, OZNI'P. Hoon.

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