US2470494A - Shipping package of suture tubes or the like - Google Patents
Shipping package of suture tubes or the like Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2470494A US2470494A US761064A US76106447A US2470494A US 2470494 A US2470494 A US 2470494A US 761064 A US761064 A US 761064A US 76106447 A US76106447 A US 76106447A US 2470494 A US2470494 A US 2470494A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- package
- container
- suture
- sterilizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003316 potassium mercuric iodide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06—Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06114—Packages or dispensers for needles or sutures
- A61B17/06119—Packages or dispensers for needles or sutures of cylindrical shape
- A61B17/06128—Elongate cylinders, i.e. tubes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06—Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
- A61B17/06114—Packages or dispensers for needles or sutures
- A61B17/06119—Packages or dispensers for needles or sutures of cylindrical shape
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B50/00—Containers, covers, furniture or holders specially adapted for surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments, e.g. sterile covers
- A61B50/30—Containers specially adapted for packaging, protecting, dispensing, collecting or disposing of surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments
- A61B2050/3005—Containers specially adapted for packaging, protecting, dispensing, collecting or disposing of surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments containing a preservative liquid, e.g. an antiseptic liquid
Definitions
- This. invention relates to theppacka'ging of 4 sealed suture tubes, and particularly relates to a package containing sealed suture tubes wherein the tubes are maintained in a sterile. condition and breakage of the tubes in transit is minimized.
- the outside surface of the glass tubes are not sterile as the tubes are received by the surgeon or hospital, and it is necessary that the exterior v of the suture tubes be sterilized before the tubes are opened in order that the sutures may not become contaminated asthey are removed from the opened tubes.
- the established practice used by surgeons and hospitals for sterilizing the outside surfaces of the tubes when non-boilable sutures are used has been to .wash the exteriors of the tubes with germicidal soap and water or other 'solvent, followed by rinsing and drying. The tubes are then placed in a sterile glass storage jar, and a sterilizing solution is poured over them; the jar is then covered. It has been found necessary to place the tubes in a sterilizing solu- I tion at least 18 hours before they are to be opened.
- 70 per cent alcohol have been found satisfactory as sterilizing solutions because the tubes will sink and remain submerged as their specific gravity is greater than that of 70 per cent alcohol. It is customary to add an additional bactericidal agent to the 70 per cent alcohol solution, and,
- Aqueous solutions of the above bactericidal opened and used in the operating room without.
- Fig. 1 represents a sideelevatlon of an assembled hermetically sealed container containing suture tubes and sterilizing solution
- Fig. 2 represents a vertical section of the container showing the suture tubes and sterilizing solution; and j Fig. 3 represents a horizontal section of the assembled container along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.
- the objects of this invention are, accomplished by packaging a plurality of suture tubes immersed tubing fluid 20 areimmersedin a sterilizing solution 22 contained in a container body l2 which is hermetically sealed to the container lid M.
- the preferred type of container is preferably fabricated of metal '.and provided with a friction closure which has the advantage of lessening losses of the sterilizing solutionby evaporation after the container has been opened initially. This type of closure also decreases the possibility of-contamination of the,
- the assembled unit I be hermetically sealed and that it be fabricated in such a manner that it may be conveniently opened: one satisfactory fabrication is to have a key-tear-strip combination opening element 24 as shown in Fig. 1.
- Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of the tubes l8 solution used in the container may be an alcoholic solution containing approximately 70 per cent alcohol and a germicidal agent such as potassium mercuric iodide, formaldehyde, or iodine and sodium iodide.
- a sterilizing solution found particularly satisfactory consists of 70% isopropyl alcohol, 1% formaldehyde, 0.1% sodium nitrite, 0.1% sodium bicarbonate, and water (1. s. ad 100%.
- the sodium nitrite and sodium bicarbonate serve as rust inhibitors, reducing corrosion of the metal container wall by the teril- '4 container and details of composition of the sterilizing solution without departing from the spirit of the invention which isnot limited in respect to such matters or otherwise-than as the prior art and the appended claims may require.
- a shippin package of glass suture tubes whose outer surfaces are sterile and which are ready for immediate surgical use of the contained sutures upon removal of the tubes from the package at shipping destination, said package comprising: a. plurality of hermetically sealed glass suture tubes in substantially parallel relaizing liquid.
- This type of sterilizing so ution a (which is claimed in my copending application Serial No. 79,888, filed March 5, 1949) is particularly advantageous since it is self-sterilizing and therefore maintains the tubes in a sterile condition at all times. If the tubes are not opened and used within a short periodof time, evaporation losses of the stetrilizing fluid may occur; more sterilizing solution may then be added to bring the volume of the said solution to a satisfactory level.
- the hermetically sealed tubes and sterilizing liquid may be transported or shipped without losses occurring through breakage of the tubes.
- the sterilizing liquid in the container acts as a hydraulic cushioning agent and prevents breakage of the tubes which would otherwise occur in shipping as a result of ordinary and normal handling shocks.
- a fibrous mat such as beer mat stock. in the shape of a circular disk may be placed inside the container at each end to cushion the ends of the tubes which are normally the weakest points and at which breakage most often occurs.
- a shipping package of rigid but frangible hermetically sealed tubes adapted to be ruptured for removal of the contained material, whose outer surfaces are sterile. and which are ready for immediate surgical or medical use of the contained material upon the removal of the tubes from the package at shipping destination, said package comprising in combination: a hermetically sealed container; a plurality of such tubes vertically sustained in substantially parallel relation within said container said tubes being movable within said container without substantial disturbance of their parallel relation and subject in the normal use of a package to direct impact one against another; and a sterilizing as liquid surrounding and substantially covering the ilizing liquid.
- a shipping package of glass suture tubes whose outer surfaces are sterile and which are ready for immediate surgical use of the contained sutures upon the removal of the tubes from the package at shipping destination, said package comprising: a hermetically sealed, substantially rigid container of substantially uniform horizontal cross-section; a plurality of hermetically sealed glass suture tubes vertically sustained in substantially parallel relation within said container; and a sterilizing liquid surrounding and completely covering the tubes and filling a substantial proportion of the volume of said container: whereby the tubes are hydraulically cushioned against shock and continuously under the effective influence of the stetrilizing liquid.
- a shipping package of suture tubes whose outer surfaces are sterile and which are ready for immediate surgical use of the contained sutures upon the removal of the tubes from thea plurality, of hermeticallyhermetically sealed glass tubes adapted to be ruptured for removal of the contained material,
- said package comprising: a substantially rigid liquidand-gas-tight sealed shipping container of substantially uniform horizontal cross section; a plurality of such tubes vertically sustained in substantially parallel relation within said container, said tubes being movable within the container without substantial disturbance of their parallel relation and subject in the normal use of the package to direct glass-to-glass impact one against another; and a sterilizing liquid having a specific gravity less than the apparent specific gravity of the tubes, surrounding and substantially covering the tubes and substantially filling the container, whereby said tubes, notwithstanding the possibility of said glass-to-glass impact, are hudraulically cushioned against the shock of such impact during shipment and maintained continuously under the effective influence of the sterilizing liquid.
- a shipping package of suture tubes whose outer surfaces are sterile and which are ready for immediate surgical use of the contained sutures upon the removal of the tubes from the package at shipping destination, said package comprising a substantially rigid and substantially infrangible' container of substantially uniform horizontal cross-section; a plurality of hermetically sealed glass suture tubes vertically sustained in substantially parallel relation within said container andhermetically sealed therewithin, said tubes being movable within the container without substantial disturbance of their parallel relation; and a steriliZing liquid surrounding and substantially covering said tubes and filling a substantial proportion of the volume of the container, whereby the tubes are hydraulically cushioned against shock and continuously under the effective influence of the sterilizing liquid.
- a shipping package of glass suture tubes whose outer surfaces are sterile and which are ready for immediate surgical use of the contained sutures upon the removal of the tubes fromthe package at shipping destination, said package comprising: a hermetically sealed, substantially infrangible container having substantially rigid side walls and opposed resilient ends, said container being 'of substantially uniform horizontal cross-section; a plurality of hermetically sealed glass suture tubes vertically sustained in substantially parallel relation within said container; and a sterilizing liquid surrounding and completely covering the tubes and filling a substantial proportion of the volume of the container, whereby the tubes are hydraulically cushioned against shock and continuously under the effective influence of the sterilizing liquid.
- a shipping package of rigid but frangible hermetically sealed glass tubes adapted to be ruptured for removal of the contained material, whose outer surfaces are sterile and which are ready for immediate surgical or medical use of the contained material upon removal of the tubes from the package at shipping destination, said package comprising: a substantially infrangible rigid, gas-and-liquid-tight sealed shipping container of substantially uniform horizontal cross section; a plurality of such tubes vertically sustained in substantially parallel relation within tained continuously under the effective influence of the sterilizing liquid.
- a shipping package of rigid but frangible hermetically sealed tubes adapted to be ruptured for removal of the contained material, whose outer surfaces are sterile, and which are ready for immediate surgical or medical use of the contained material upon the removal of the tubes from the package at shipping destination, said package comprising in combination: a hermetically sealed metal can; a plurality of such tubes vertically sustained in substantially parallel relation within said can; and a sterilizing liquid surrounding and substantially covering said tubes and filling a substantial proportion of the volume of said can, whereby said tubes are hydraulically cushioned against shock and continuously under the effective influence of the sterilizing liquid.
- a shipping package of rigid but frangible hermetically sealed tubes adapted to be ruptured for removal of the contained material, whose outer surfaces are sterile, and which are ready for immediate surgical or medical use of the, contained material upon the removal of the tubes from the package at shipping destination, said package comprising in combination: a hermetically sealed metal can of substantially uniform horizontal cross-section; a plurality of such tubes vertically sustained in substantially parallel relation within said can, said tubes being movable within the can without substantial disturbance of their parallel relation; and a sterilizing liquid surrounding and completely covering said tubes and filling a substantial proportion of the volume of said can, whereby the tubes are hydraulically cushioned against shock and continuously under the effective influence of the sterilizing liquid.
- a shipping package of suture tubes whose outer surfaces are sterile and which are ready for immediate surgical use of the contained sutures upon the removal of the tubes from the package at shipping destination, said package comprising: a hermetically sealed metal can of substantially uniform horizontal cross-section; a plurality of hermetically sealed glass suture tubes vertically sustained in substantially parallel relation within said can; and a stetrilizing liquid surrounding said tubes, substantially covering the tubes and substantially filling the can, whereby said tubes are hydraulically cushioned against shock and continuously under the effective influence of the sterilizing liquid.
- a shipping package of suture tubes whose outer surfaces are sterile and which are ready for immediate surgical use of the contained sutures upon the removal of the tubes from the package at shipping destination, said package comprising: a hermetically sealed metal can of substantially uniform horizontal cross-section; a plurality of hermetically sealed glass suture tubes vertically sustained in substantially parallel relation within said .can, said tubes being movable Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,470,494. May 17, 1949.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US761064A US2470494A (en) | 1947-07-15 | 1947-07-15 | Shipping package of suture tubes or the like |
| GB12829/48A GB638257A (en) | 1947-07-15 | 1948-05-10 | Improvement in packaged suture tubes |
| DEE401A DE837582C (de) | 1947-07-15 | 1949-12-15 | Versandpackung fuer Ampullen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US761064A US2470494A (en) | 1947-07-15 | 1947-07-15 | Shipping package of suture tubes or the like |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2470494A true US2470494A (en) | 1949-05-17 |
Family
ID=25061005
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US761064A Expired - Lifetime US2470494A (en) | 1947-07-15 | 1947-07-15 | Shipping package of suture tubes or the like |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2470494A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE837582C (de) |
| GB (1) | GB638257A (de) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2542957A (en) * | 1948-10-08 | 1951-02-20 | Davis & Geck Inc | Composite package |
| US2643764A (en) * | 1949-05-13 | 1953-06-30 | Davis & Geck Inc | Rectangular package of surgical articles in sterilizing liquid |
| US2643765A (en) * | 1949-09-24 | 1953-06-30 | Armour & Co | Suture package |
| US2682857A (en) * | 1951-10-03 | 1954-07-06 | Ethicon Inc | Leakage indicator system |
| US2702627A (en) * | 1953-01-06 | 1955-02-22 | Ethicon Suture Lab Inc | Packaging and handling sutures |
| US2798601A (en) * | 1955-04-14 | 1957-07-09 | American Cyanamid Co | Shipping package for suture tubes |
| US2935189A (en) * | 1957-05-31 | 1960-05-03 | Frederic D Barton | Stop leak package |
| US2945697A (en) * | 1957-08-16 | 1960-07-19 | Speidel Corp | Means for rendering tape recorders and the like operative under high acceleration and deceleration conditions |
| US3009566A (en) * | 1959-08-07 | 1961-11-21 | Robert L Oakley | Free fall aerial delivery container for liquids |
| US3288343A (en) * | 1964-07-30 | 1966-11-29 | Owens Illinois Inc | Shipping cartons for frangible articles and method for use |
| US20040221553A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-11 | Rapp Robert James | Fluid shock absorbing/momentum dampen-ER and shock absorbing/momentum dampening system for packaging delicate objects and equipment |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3347013A (en) * | 1963-04-19 | 1967-10-17 | Continental Can Co | Method of forming a neat appearing package |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US799166A (en) * | 1904-09-09 | 1905-09-12 | Johnson & Johnson | Package for surgical ligatures. |
| US1983031A (en) * | 1930-05-02 | 1934-12-04 | Parker White And Heyl Inc | Sterilizing composition |
| US1997443A (en) * | 1933-06-22 | 1935-04-09 | Arthur L Waugh | Ligature package |
| US2006045A (en) * | 1932-07-27 | 1935-06-25 | Nat Can Company | Sheet metal can and rip strip therefor |
| US2051349A (en) * | 1935-05-10 | 1936-08-18 | Novocol Chemical Mfg Co Inc | Device for preserving local anesthetic solutions |
| US2142707A (en) * | 1937-12-10 | 1939-01-03 | Jensen Salsbery Lab Inc | Ligature or suture package |
| US2318379A (en) * | 1941-04-17 | 1943-05-04 | Walter S Davis | Suture package |
-
1947
- 1947-07-15 US US761064A patent/US2470494A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1948
- 1948-05-10 GB GB12829/48A patent/GB638257A/en not_active Expired
-
1949
- 1949-12-15 DE DEE401A patent/DE837582C/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US799166A (en) * | 1904-09-09 | 1905-09-12 | Johnson & Johnson | Package for surgical ligatures. |
| US1983031A (en) * | 1930-05-02 | 1934-12-04 | Parker White And Heyl Inc | Sterilizing composition |
| US2006045A (en) * | 1932-07-27 | 1935-06-25 | Nat Can Company | Sheet metal can and rip strip therefor |
| US1997443A (en) * | 1933-06-22 | 1935-04-09 | Arthur L Waugh | Ligature package |
| US2051349A (en) * | 1935-05-10 | 1936-08-18 | Novocol Chemical Mfg Co Inc | Device for preserving local anesthetic solutions |
| US2142707A (en) * | 1937-12-10 | 1939-01-03 | Jensen Salsbery Lab Inc | Ligature or suture package |
| US2318379A (en) * | 1941-04-17 | 1943-05-04 | Walter S Davis | Suture package |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2542957A (en) * | 1948-10-08 | 1951-02-20 | Davis & Geck Inc | Composite package |
| US2643764A (en) * | 1949-05-13 | 1953-06-30 | Davis & Geck Inc | Rectangular package of surgical articles in sterilizing liquid |
| US2643765A (en) * | 1949-09-24 | 1953-06-30 | Armour & Co | Suture package |
| US2682857A (en) * | 1951-10-03 | 1954-07-06 | Ethicon Inc | Leakage indicator system |
| US2702627A (en) * | 1953-01-06 | 1955-02-22 | Ethicon Suture Lab Inc | Packaging and handling sutures |
| US2798601A (en) * | 1955-04-14 | 1957-07-09 | American Cyanamid Co | Shipping package for suture tubes |
| US2935189A (en) * | 1957-05-31 | 1960-05-03 | Frederic D Barton | Stop leak package |
| US2945697A (en) * | 1957-08-16 | 1960-07-19 | Speidel Corp | Means for rendering tape recorders and the like operative under high acceleration and deceleration conditions |
| US3009566A (en) * | 1959-08-07 | 1961-11-21 | Robert L Oakley | Free fall aerial delivery container for liquids |
| US3288343A (en) * | 1964-07-30 | 1966-11-29 | Owens Illinois Inc | Shipping cartons for frangible articles and method for use |
| US20040221553A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-11 | Rapp Robert James | Fluid shock absorbing/momentum dampen-ER and shock absorbing/momentum dampening system for packaging delicate objects and equipment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB638257A (en) | 1950-06-07 |
| DE837582C (de) | 1952-04-28 |
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