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US2371085A - Apparatus for handling articles - Google Patents

Apparatus for handling articles Download PDF

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Publication number
US2371085A
US2371085A US460464A US46046442A US2371085A US 2371085 A US2371085 A US 2371085A US 460464 A US460464 A US 460464A US 46046442 A US46046442 A US 46046442A US 2371085 A US2371085 A US 2371085A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
piston
crystal
cylinder
valve
rate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US460464A
Inventor
Daniel V Waters
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Western Electric Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Western Electric Co Inc filed Critical Western Electric Co Inc
Priority to US460464A priority Critical patent/US2371085A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2371085A publication Critical patent/US2371085A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/06—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor involving features specific to the use of a compressible medium, e.g. air, steam
    • F15B11/072—Combined pneumatic-hydraulic systems
    • F15B11/076—Combined pneumatic-hydraulic systems with pneumatic drive or displacement and speed control or stopping by hydraulic braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D47/00—Sawing machines or sawing devices working with circular saw blades, characterised only by constructional features of particular parts
    • B23D47/04—Sawing machines or sawing devices working with circular saw blades, characterised only by constructional features of particular parts of devices for feeding, positioning, clamping, or rotating work
    • B23D47/045—Sawing machines or sawing devices working with circular saw blades, characterised only by constructional features of particular parts of devices for feeding, positioning, clamping, or rotating work feeding work into engagement with the saw blade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/405—Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40576—Assemblies of multiple valves
    • F15B2211/40584—Assemblies of multiple valves the flow control means arranged in parallel with a check valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/415—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/41563—Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a return line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40—Flow control
    • F15B2211/46—Control of flow in the return line, i.e. meter-out control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50518—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50554—Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure downstream of the pressure control means, e.g. pressure reducing valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50—Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5151—Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a directional control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/76—Control of force or torque of the output member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/885—Control specific to the type of fluid, e.g. specific to magnetorheological fluid
    • F15B2211/8855—Compressible fluids, e.g. specific to pneumatics

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for handling articles, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for feeding articles.
  • the article may be is desirable to feed the article at a rate not to exceed a certain predetermined maximum.
  • the saw sometimes encounters areas in the crystal where the resistance to cutting is higher than in others. rate with which the crystal is advanced against the saw is not reduced in these areas the crystal may be cracked or otherwise damaged.
  • the pressure remain substantially constant and under a certain maximum limit.
  • Objects of the present invention are to provide an effective and efiicient method of and apparatus for feeding articles.
  • an article feeding apparatus comprising an article holder movable by a piston associated therewith.
  • the piston is Air presstarting position, the hydraulic medium is drawn back into the cylinder through a check valve.
  • a crystal 5, which is to be cut by a saw 6, is glued or otherwise aifixed' to a holder on a frame I which, in turn, is connected to one end of a' 40 rate of feed. Since the air pressure provides a piston rod 8.
  • a piston 9 associated with this rod is reciprocably positioned in a cylinder 10.
  • air pressure is applied to one side of the piston through a pipe II which may be connected to a suitable supply of compressed air I2 and through a two-way valve l3.
  • a spring valve I 4 is provided to limit the maximum air pressure which may be exerted on the piston and is conl'l, suchas a light oil. is expelled from the cyl- If the Nb inder through a pipe I8 and into a tank 2
  • a return pipe 23 also extends into the liquid inthe tank and is connected to the pipe I8 through a check valve 22.
  • the crystal 5 is mounted on the frame I at the end of the piston 8 and .air pressure applied to advance the piston.
  • theoil I! I in the cylinder is expelled through the needle valve I 9. It will be apparent that the maximum rate of advance will be determined by the pressure exerted on the oil in the cylinder and by the size of the orifice in the needle valve I9.
  • the rate at which the oil may be expelled from the cylinder I9 will vary as the resistance encountered by the saw as the crystal is advanced into engagement therewith varies, the maximum rate of advance of the crystal or alternatively the rate with which the oil is expelled, is always a function of the viscosity of the oil and of the-pressure exerted on the piston and of the size of the orifice through-which the oil is expelled.
  • the rate may be controlled either by changing the size of the orifice, by adjusting the valve l9, or by varying the pressure by adjusting the regulating valve l2.
  • air pressure gives a somewhat more elastic or resilient feed, while a higher pressure and a smalleroutlet orifice gives somewhat more accurate control of the. rate of advance of the crystal.
  • the maximum rate of advance of the crystal does not increase even though the re sistance encountered by the saw diminishes to zero, the maximum rate of advance being, as aforesaid, a function of the pressure on the piston and the size of the orifice through which the oil is expelled.
  • the feeding rate A lower can decrease to zero if the resistance increases automatically or by hand to the starting position.
  • the check valve 22 opens as the piston is moved in the reverse direction and permits oil to be drawn back again into the cylinder through the return pipe 23, the valve l3 being rotated so as to disconnect the air line from the compressed air supply and to connect the air line to an exhaust line 24.
  • a latch 26 may be provided to engage the frame in starting position to prevent it from accidentally advancing.
  • the valve l3 may be omitted as the manual return of the carriage will force the air in the system out through the valve M, the latch holding the carriage in its initial position until the next feeding operation.
  • An apparatus for feeding and cutting-crystals comprising a rotary saw, a crystal support, a cylinder, a reciprocable piston in said cylinder,
  • said piston being operatively connected to engage the rotary saw with the crystal, means for supplying a compressible medium to one side of said piston to advance said piston, a valve for limiting the maximum pressure which may be exerted on said piston by said compressible medium, a relatively incompressible medium on the other side ofsaid piston, means for limiting the rate at which said latter medium may be expelled from said cylinder by said piston, storage means for the expelled medium, and means for returning said expelled medium to said cylinder including a check valve.
  • An apparatus for feeding and cutting crystals comprising a rotary saw, a'crystal support, a cylinder, a reciprocable piston in said cylinder, said piston being operatively connected to engage the rotary saw with the crystal, means for supplying a compressible medium to one side of said piston to advance said piston, a valve for limiting the maximum pressure which may be exerted on said piston by said compressible medium, a relatively incompressible medium on the other side of said piston, an adjustable needle valve for limiting the rate at which said latter medium may be expelled from said cylinder by said piston. storage means for. the expelled medium, and means for returning said expelled medium to said cylinder including a check valve.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sawing (AREA)

Description

March 6, 1945. 3 v WATERS 2,371,085
APPARATUS FOR HANDLING ARTICLES Filed Oct. 1, 1942 IN V EN TOR.
0. V. WATE S" M ZM reciprocably positioned in a cylinder.
sure is used to advance the piston and the max- 25 through a pressure regulating valve Patented Mar. 6,' 1945 2,371,085 APPARATUS FOR HANDLING ARTICLES Daniel V. Waters, Flemington, N. J., assignor to Westernv Electric Company, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York 'Applic at ion October 1, 1942, Serial No. 460,464
2 Claims.
This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for handling articles, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for feeding articles.
In some article working operations, it may be is desirable to feed the article at a rate not to exceed a certain predetermined maximum. For example in sawing crystals, the saw sometimes encounters areas in the crystal where the resistance to cutting is higher than in others. rate with which the crystal is advanced against the saw is not reduced in these areas the crystal may be cracked or otherwise damaged. At the same time, however, it is desirable that the pressure remain substantially constant and under a certain maximum limit.
Objects of the present invention are to provide an effective and efiicient method of and apparatus for feeding articles.
In accordance with one embodiment of this invention, an article feeding apparatus may be provided comprising an article holder movable by a piston associated therewith. The piston is Air presstarting position, the hydraulic medium is drawn back into the cylinder through a check valve.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawing,
wherein the single figure shows schematically a feeding apparatus constructed in accordance with this invention.
A crystal 5, which is to be cut by a saw 6, is glued or otherwise aifixed' to a holder on a frame I which, in turn, is connected to one end of a' 40 rate of feed. Since the air pressure provides a piston rod 8. A piston 9 associated with this rod is reciprocably positioned in a cylinder 10. In order to move the crystal into engagement with the saw, air pressure is applied to one side of the piston through a pipe II which may be connected to a suitable supply of compressed air I2 and through a two-way valve l3. A spring valve I 4 is provided to limit the maximum air pressure which may be exerted on the piston and is conl'l, suchas a light oil. is expelled from the cyl- If the Nb inder through a pipe I8 and into a tank 2|. A
pipe .20 extends from the valve l9 beneath the surface of the liquid in the tank so as to maintain a closed hydraulic system. A return pipe 23 also extends into the liquid inthe tank and is connected to the pipe I8 through a check valve 22.
In the operation of this device, the crystal 5 is mounted on the frame I at the end of the piston 8 and .air pressure applied to advance the piston. As the piston moves forward, theoil I! I in the cylinder is expelled through the needle valve I 9. It will be apparent that the maximum rate of advance will be determined by the pressure exerted on the oil in the cylinder and by the size of the orifice in the needle valve I9. While the rate at which the oil may be expelled from the cylinder I9 will vary as the resistance encountered by the saw as the crystal is advanced into engagement therewith varies, the maximum rate of advance of the crystal or alternatively the rate with which the oil is expelled, is always a function of the viscosity of the oil and of the-pressure exerted on the piston and of the size of the orifice through-which the oil is expelled.
Thus, in effect, the rate may be controlled either by changing the size of the orifice, by adjusting the valve l9, or by varying the pressure by adjusting the regulating valve l2. air pressure gives a somewhat more elastic or resilient feed, while a higher pressure and a smalleroutlet orifice gives somewhat more accurate control of the. rate of advance of the crystal. When the saw encounters a hard spot in the crystal, increasing thereby the resistance to advance of the crystal and consequently reducing the pressure on the oil in'the cylinder, the piston may slow down, thereby providing a variable resilient force, it is possible forthe piston to yield, should this be necessary, merely by compressing the air in the cylinder. Thus, in a sense, this apparatus is designed to adapt itself.
automatically to changing conditions in the crystal.
As the oil in the hydraulic system is virtually incompressible,-the maximum rate of advance of the crystal does not increase even though the re sistance encountered by the saw diminishes to zero, the maximum rate of advance being, as aforesaid, a function of the pressure on the piston and the size of the orifice through which the oil is expelled. On the other hand, the feeding rate A lower can decrease to zero if the resistance increases automatically or by hand to the starting position. The check valve 22 opens as the piston is moved in the reverse direction and permits oil to be drawn back again into the cylinder through the return pipe 23, the valve l3 being rotated so as to disconnect the air line from the compressed air supply and to connect the air line to an exhaust line 24. A latch 26 may be provided to engage the frame in starting position to prevent it from accidentally advancing. In some cases using low feeding pressures the valve l3 may be omitted as the manual return of the carriage will force the air in the system out through the valve M, the latch holding the carriage in its initial position until the next feeding operation.
While this invention has been described and shown in connection with the-sawing of crystals, it will be understood that this invention has numerous other applications, and that many changes and modifications may be made in the apparatus shown and described without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for feeding and cutting-crystals comprising a rotary saw, a crystal support, a cylinder, a reciprocable piston in said cylinder,
said piston being operatively connected to engage the rotary saw with the crystal, means for supplying a compressible medium to one side of said piston to advance said piston, a valve for limiting the maximum pressure which may be exerted on said piston by said compressible medium, a relatively incompressible medium on the other side ofsaid piston, means for limiting the rate at which said latter medium may be expelled from said cylinder by said piston, storage means for the expelled medium, and means for returning said expelled medium to said cylinder including a check valve.
2. An apparatus for feeding and cutting crystals comprising a rotary saw, a'crystal support, a cylinder, a reciprocable piston in said cylinder, said piston being operatively connected to engage the rotary saw with the crystal, means for supplying a compressible medium to one side of said piston to advance said piston, a valve for limiting the maximum pressure which may be exerted on said piston by said compressible medium, a relatively incompressible medium on the other side of said piston, an adjustable needle valve for limiting the rate at which said latter medium may be expelled from said cylinder by said piston. storage means for. the expelled medium, and means for returning said expelled medium to said cylinder including a check valve.
DANIEL V. WATERS.
US460464A 1942-10-01 1942-10-01 Apparatus for handling articles Expired - Lifetime US2371085A (en)

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2486765A (en) * 1946-12-20 1949-11-01 Snyder Antone Rex Rock saw
US2491047A (en) * 1947-06-07 1949-12-13 William H Hunt Feed control for stone cutting machines
US2592001A (en) * 1949-08-06 1952-04-08 Ingalls Stone Company Hydraulic moving, positioning, and holding mechanism
US2641092A (en) * 1951-08-11 1953-06-09 Oliver Instr Company Actuator for machine elements
US2643492A (en) * 1950-12-05 1953-06-30 Burroughs Optomat Inc Grinding machine and method
US2686994A (en) * 1952-10-10 1954-08-24 Peninsular Grinding Wheel Co Work feed device for grinding machines
US2987047A (en) * 1958-09-09 1961-06-06 Young David Horace Fluid-pressure actuated control apparatus
US3486496A (en) * 1966-12-29 1969-12-30 Corning Glass Works Circular slurry saw
US3844269A (en) * 1972-07-25 1974-10-29 R Rater Apparatus for sawing rock
US4379680A (en) * 1979-08-22 1983-04-12 Vapor Corporation Ambient air timing device
US4587768A (en) * 1983-11-28 1986-05-13 Buehler Ltd. Apparatus and method for polishing ends of fiber optics
US4827672A (en) * 1987-04-27 1989-05-09 Buehler Ltd. Abrasive cutting wheel system
EP0457626A3 (en) * 1990-05-18 1992-03-25 Shin-Etsu Handotai Company, Limited Method of using an id saw slicing machine for slicing a single crystal ingot and an apparatus for carrying out the method
US20150022595A1 (en) * 2012-03-21 2015-01-22 Iblock P.A. Ink-supply device and ink-pack housing case

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2486765A (en) * 1946-12-20 1949-11-01 Snyder Antone Rex Rock saw
US2491047A (en) * 1947-06-07 1949-12-13 William H Hunt Feed control for stone cutting machines
US2592001A (en) * 1949-08-06 1952-04-08 Ingalls Stone Company Hydraulic moving, positioning, and holding mechanism
US2643492A (en) * 1950-12-05 1953-06-30 Burroughs Optomat Inc Grinding machine and method
US2641092A (en) * 1951-08-11 1953-06-09 Oliver Instr Company Actuator for machine elements
US2686994A (en) * 1952-10-10 1954-08-24 Peninsular Grinding Wheel Co Work feed device for grinding machines
US2987047A (en) * 1958-09-09 1961-06-06 Young David Horace Fluid-pressure actuated control apparatus
US3486496A (en) * 1966-12-29 1969-12-30 Corning Glass Works Circular slurry saw
US3844269A (en) * 1972-07-25 1974-10-29 R Rater Apparatus for sawing rock
US4379680A (en) * 1979-08-22 1983-04-12 Vapor Corporation Ambient air timing device
US4587768A (en) * 1983-11-28 1986-05-13 Buehler Ltd. Apparatus and method for polishing ends of fiber optics
US4827672A (en) * 1987-04-27 1989-05-09 Buehler Ltd. Abrasive cutting wheel system
EP0457626A3 (en) * 1990-05-18 1992-03-25 Shin-Etsu Handotai Company, Limited Method of using an id saw slicing machine for slicing a single crystal ingot and an apparatus for carrying out the method
US20150022595A1 (en) * 2012-03-21 2015-01-22 Iblock P.A. Ink-supply device and ink-pack housing case

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