US2274666A - Diesel fuel - Google Patents

Description

Patented Mar. 3, 1942 UlD STTS DIESEL FUEL corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Original application October 11,

1938, Serial No. 234,360. Divided and this application October 5, 1940, Serial No. 359,946

5 Claims.

This invention relates to liquid fuels for internal combustion engines and has to do particularly with improvements in fuels for compression ignition engines, such as the Diesel or semi-Diesel.

The present application is a division of pending application Serial No. 234,360, filed October 11, 1938.

The compression ignition type of engine requires for desirable operation, fuels which have a short time lag between the entrance of the first portion of the fuel into the cylinder and its subsequent auto-ignition. An object of the present invention is to reduce the time lag by lowering the minimum compression ratio necessary for auto-ignition by providing in the fuel a sufficient amount of an improved primer or ignition accelerator to accelerate the auto-ignition.

The primers contemplated according to the present invention are the nitro halogen derivatives of normally gaseous hydrocarbons. Alkyl derivatives containing only halogen substituents are substantially inefi'ective as Diesel fuel primers. The nitro derivatives of normally gaseous hydrocarbons are also relatively poor primers except those containing a higher number of nitro groups, but the latter are either unstable or react with the fuel constituents to produce sludge. It has been found that by substituting both halogen and nitro substituents into the normally gaseous hydrocarbons that very eflicient primers may be obtained which are stable and produce little sludge in the oil to which they are added.

The nitro halogen derivatives of any of the normally gaseous hydrocarbons, such as methane, ethane, propane and butane may be used. The methane and ethane derivatives are particularly satisfactory. Compounds containing at least one chlorine and one nitro substituent may be used but better results are obtained with those containing a plurality of chlorine and nitro groups. Compounds containing chlorine and nitro substituents attached to a common carbon atom are preferred.

The preparations of chloro-nitro methane. trichloro-nitro methane and dichloro-dinitro methane are described in Bielstein, fourth edition, volume 1, page 76. The preparation of chloro-nitro ethane is described in Bielstein, fourth edition, volume 1, page 101. The polychloro-dinitro ethanes, such as dichloro-dinitro ethane, may be prepared by chlorination of chloro-dinitro ethane, by the procedure similar auto-ignition to the desired extent. It is also to be understood that mixtures of the various compounds herein disclosed may be used.

The following table shows the results obtained by adding various compounds of the present invention to petroleum hydrocarbon oil of Diesel grade. The hydrocarbon fuel alone had a cetane value of 34 and to this in each case was added 4% by weight of the indicated compound:

. Octane Primer used numbers Tri-ohloro-nitro-mcthanc 52 Di-chloro di-nitro-methane 59 Di-chloro-tetra nitro-ethane 53 Tetra-chloro-di-nitro-ethane 51 The above results were obtained with a standard Diesel testing engine on which the ignition delay was measured. The cetane numbers designate the percentage by volume of cetane in a mixture of cetane and alphamethyl naphthalene which gives the same ignition lag as the fuel under test.

Obviously many modifications and variations of the invention, as hereinbefore set forth, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and therefore only such limitations should be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. An improved Diesel fuel comprising a hydrocarbon fuel oil containing a minor proportion of a compound selected from the group consisting of dichloro dinitro methane, dichlorotetranitro ethane and tetrachloro dinitro ethane, sufficient to decrease the ignition delay period of the fuel, improve its cold starting ability and decrease its tendency to deposite carbon and carbonaceous material in the motor combustion chamber.

2. The method of accelerating the ignition of Diesel cycle internal combustion engines which comprises admixing with the fuel prior to ignition a minor proportion, of a compound selected from the group consisting of dichloro dinitro methane, dichloro tetranitro ethane and tetrachloro dinitro ethane.

3. The method of accelerating the ignition of Diesel cycle internal combustion engines which comprises admixing with the fuel prior to ignition a minor proportion of dichloro dinitromethane.

4. The method of accelerating the ignition of Diesel cycle internal combustion engines whichcomprises admixing with the fuel prior to igni- 10