US2180026A - Manufacture of alternating electric current rectifiers - Google Patents
Manufacture of alternating electric current rectifiers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2180026A US2180026A US188813A US18881338A US2180026A US 2180026 A US2180026 A US 2180026A US 188813 A US188813 A US 188813A US 18881338 A US18881338 A US 18881338A US 2180026 A US2180026 A US 2180026A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- blanks
- manufacture
- electric current
- alternating electric
- current rectifiers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 7
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D48/00—Individual devices not covered by groups H10D1/00 - H10D44/00
- H10D48/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D48/07—Manufacture or treatment of devices having bodies comprising cuprous oxide [Cu2O] or cuprous iodide [CuI]
- H10D48/071—Preparation of the foundation plate, preliminary treatment oxidation of the foundation plate or reduction treatment
- H10D48/074—Oxidation and subsequent heat treatment of the foundation plate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02565—Oxide semiconducting materials not being Group 12/16 materials, e.g. ternary compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02614—Transformation of metal, e.g. oxidation, nitridation
Definitions
- This invention relates to the manufacture of alternating electric current rectifiers of the dry surface contact type comprising. a body of metal having a compound of. the metal formed thereon and more particularly to rectifiers of the copper oxide type.
- Rectifiers of this character as manufactured by the processes and under the conditions usually employed are liable to serious and hitherto inexplicable variations as regards their resistance in either or both directions of current flow and an abnormal creep or gradual decrease in resistance'in the reverse direction, the reverse creep being arever-sible phenomenon occurring during the application of a reverse voltage and not irreversible deterioration.
- the reverse creep being arever-sible phenomenon occurring during the application of a reverse voltage and not irreversible deterioration.
- a relatively large percentage of the rectifiers produced were from time to time so abnormal as to be unsuitable for service so that the production was seriously inefiicient.
- This may be effected either by causing the blanks to be raised to the relatively high temperature as rapidly as possible or by preventing access of the contaminating atmosphere until the blanks have attained this temperature.
- the rate at which heat is supplied to the blanks in the oxidising furnace may be arranged to be increased until the blanks reach the final oxidising temperature as by initially raising the temperathe 2' cam. (01. 175-366) ture or by providing the furnace with sufiicient thermal capacity so that the introduction of the blanks into the furnace will not appreciably cool itand/or the surfaces of the blanks may be previously coated with a layer of a black material adapted to increase the rate of absorption of heat, such for example, as carbon, graphite'or cupric oxide.
- the blanks may be previously v coated with a layer of material adapted to protect the blanks from contact with the furnace 'the rate of absorption of heat must not itself contain any undesirable impurities which would cause contamination of the blanks as above described.
- a process for the manufacture of alternating electric current rectifiers of the copper oxide type in'which the exposure of the rectifier blanks to the contaminating action of the oxidizing atmosphere during the period when the temperature of the blanks is low is arranged to be reduced or prevented by coating the blanks prior to heating them in the oxidizing atmosphere, with a layer of black material such as carbon, graphite or cupric oxide for the purpose of increasing the rate at which heat is absorbed by the blanks until the blanks reach the final oxldizing temperature.
- a process for the manufacture of alternating electric current rectifiers of the copper oxide type in which the exposure of the rectifier blanks to the contaminating action of the oxidizing atmosphere during the period when the temperature of the blanks is low is arranged to be reduced or prevented by coating the blanks, prior to heating them in the oxidizing atmosphere,.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 14, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MANUFACTURE OF ALTERNATING ELEC- TRIO CURRENT RECTIFIERS No Drawing. Application February 4, 1938, Serial No. 188,813. In Great Britain February 18,
This invention relates to the manufacture of alternating electric current rectifiers of the dry surface contact type comprising. a body of metal having a compound of. the metal formed thereon and more particularly to rectifiers of the copper oxide type.
Rectifiers of this character as manufactured by the processes and under the conditions usually employed are liable to serious and hitherto inexplicable variations as regards their resistance in either or both directions of current flow and an abnormal creep or gradual decrease in resistance'in the reverse direction, the reverse creep being arever-sible phenomenon occurring during the application of a reverse voltage and not irreversible deterioration. In other respects also, such as defective adhesion of the cuprous oxide layer to the metal and irregularity in the thickness of the cuprous and cupric oxide, formed in the process of manufacture, a relatively large percentage of the rectifiers produced were from time to time so abnormal as to be unsuitable for service so that the production was seriously inefiicient.
It has now been discovered that the copper blanks from which the rectifier elements are produced by heat treatment in an oxidising atmosphere are extremely susceptible to contamination by certain impurities in this atmosphere of which sulphur, chlorine, bromine and iodine are definitely known to affect adversely the rectifier elements produced as regards the impor-- relatively low is arranged to be reduced or prevented.
This may be effected either by causing the blanks to be raised to the relatively high temperature as rapidly as possible or by preventing access of the contaminating atmosphere until the blanks have attained this temperature.
In carrying the invention into practice, the rate at which heat is supplied to the blanks in the oxidising furnace may be arranged to be increased until the blanks reach the final oxidising temperature as by initially raising the temperathe 2' cam. (01. 175-366) ture or by providing the furnace with sufiicient thermal capacity so that the introduction of the blanks into the furnace will not appreciably cool itand/or the surfaces of the blanks may be previously coated with a layer of a black material adapted to increase the rate of absorption of heat, such for example, as carbon, graphite'or cupric oxide.
Alternatively the blanks may be previously v coated with a layer of material adapted to protect the blanks from contact with the furnace 'the rate of absorption of heat must not itself contain any undesirable impurities which would cause contamination of the blanks as above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is:
1. A process for the manufacture of alternating electric current rectifiers of the copper oxide type in'which the exposure of the rectifier blanks to the contaminating action of the oxidizing atmosphere during the period when the temperature of the blanks is low is arranged to be reduced or prevented by coating the blanks prior to heating them in the oxidizing atmosphere, with a layer of black material such as carbon, graphite or cupric oxide for the purpose of increasing the rate at which heat is absorbed by the blanks until the blanks reach the final oxldizing temperature.
2. A process for the manufacture of alternating electric current rectifiers of the copper oxide type in which the exposure of the rectifier blanks to the contaminating action of the oxidizing atmosphere during the period when the temperature of the blanks is low is arranged to be reduced or prevented by coating the blanks, prior to heating them in the oxidizing atmosphere,.
with a layer of protective material of such character as to be evaporated or burnt off when a relatively high temperature is obtained.
ALBERT LESLIE WILLIAMS. LESLIE ERNEST THOMPSON. ROGER HARRY ture of the furnace above the oxidising tempera-
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4933/37A GB490682A (en) | 1937-02-18 | 1937-02-18 | Improvements relating to the manufacture of alternating electric current rectifiers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2180026A true US2180026A (en) | 1939-11-14 |
Family
ID=9786586
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US188813A Expired - Lifetime US2180026A (en) | 1937-02-18 | 1938-02-04 | Manufacture of alternating electric current rectifiers |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2180026A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB490682A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2484252A (en) * | 1944-11-07 | 1949-10-11 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Asymmetrical conductor |
-
1937
- 1937-02-18 GB GB4933/37A patent/GB490682A/en not_active Expired
-
1938
- 1938-02-04 US US188813A patent/US2180026A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2484252A (en) * | 1944-11-07 | 1949-10-11 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Asymmetrical conductor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB490682A (en) | 1938-08-18 |
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