US2105801A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

A. E. WATTS Jan. 18, 1938.

BOILER Filed May4, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jan. 18, 1938. E WATT 2,105,801

BOILER Filed M 4, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 18, 1938 UNITED STATES 4 Claims.

The invention relates to boilers as described in the present specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings that form part of the same.

The invention consists essentially in directing the course of the water within the boiler to insure a flushing current and flash action and to increase the extent of the heating surface as pointed out in the claims for novelty following a description in detail of the structural features particularly useful in the generation of steam, though with some modification it may be applied to the heating of water for radiation purposes.

The objects of the invention are to hasten the generation of steam in comparatively large installations, in fact to practically make this invention a flash boiler type; to automatically and continuously flush the boiler and keep it clear of scale and incrustations and maintain its good steaming properties; to improve circulation of the water and so arrange the fire as to present a heating surface practically everywhere to the water, and generally for heating purposes, marine and stationary equipment conserve the fuel and increase efficiency.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section of the boiler.

Figure 2 is a vertical cross sectional View on the line 2-2 of Figure 1, showing the preheated water feed to the circulatory inducing passages.

Figure 3 is a vertical cross sectional view on the line 3-3 of Figure l and showing the wall of the preheating chamber broken away.

Figure 4 is a detail of the domestic hot water connections to the boiler tube.

Figure 5 is a perspective View of the boiler showing the rear end partly cut away to expose the combustion passages and preheater.

Figure 6 is a prospective view of the boiler from the front end and showing an oil burner mounted at the mouth of the combustion chamber and partly broken away to show the combustion passages.

Like numerals of references indicate corresponding parts in the various figures.

The boiler casing is made up of the main tubular portion l5 extending the full length with the intermediate dome section 16. This dome section forms the water and steam chamber and has the end plates I! and I8 let into and forming divisions in the tubular portion l5. A plate l9 forms the top and side walls sealing the water and steam chamber.

The main combustion chamber extends from the front plate 2| closing the end of the tubular portion l5 through the plate ii to the plate H3. The lower portion 22 extends beyond the plate it and has its horizontal edges bent outwardly at 23 to form a horizontal division cutting off and diverting the products of combustion as will be described hereinafter.

A water preheater in the form of a hollow casting 2 forms the end wall of the main combustion chamber 2% while the rear end of the tubular portion 55 is closed by the plate 25.

Fire tubes 2% are mounted in the walls I! and i8 and form passages from the rear of the combustion chamber 20 above the divisions 23 to the front chamber 2? and from this chamber to the rear chamber 28 below the divisions 23, the ou let 2!: leads to the smoke stack.

The water and steam chamber it is provided with bafiies 3E! and 3! spaced between the tubes and, the wall l9 and extend the full length of the chamber. These baffles follow the contour of the wall and converge inwardly to near the bottom center while at their upper end they sweep inwardly to form open mouthed passages 32 and 33.

The water preheater Ed has a water inlet pipe 34 connected at its lower end, leading from a connecter 35 which is one of a series connecting the water chamber it with the sludge chamber 36, while the outlet 3? divides into two pipes 31 and 38 leading into the water chamber it at the water lever. The ends of these pipes are directed into the circulatory passages 32 and 33.

The combustion chamber 28 has three expansions formed of five brick rings 39 and it and has the burner opening it with which the oil burner unit i?! is connected as illustrated in Figure 6.

A sight tube 33 open at both ends is set into the rear end wall 25 and through the preheater casting 24, and is suitably closed at the outer end by a glass ie, or other transparent and heat resistant material. This tube 43 is provided with an opening t5 to provide a. short circuit of the products of combustion direct to the chamber 28 and the smoke stack.

Domestic hot water is provided by utilizing two or more of the tubes 26 and for this purpose the back of the plates H and it have the bosses 46 welded thereon about the tubes into which the studs 4? "are screwed, these studs hold the tapered plugs 88 and plates 59. The tapered plugs 48 effectively seal the ends of the tubes, while the glands is seal the fittings 50. The fittings 55 are connected together at one end to form a return connection and at the other end connect with the pipes 51 and 52 forming the feed and return of the domestic hot water system.

A filler tube 53 having its ends flattened and. sealed is centrally placed and set in the tubes 26 used for the hot Water system and are held in position by the pins 54.

A main steam outlet 55 is provided on the top of the dome together with outlets for various other purposes such as pressure gauges and water gauges.

In the operation of this boiler, the products of combustion are continuously in contact and providing heating surfaces against the body of water, and it is the first contact of the products of combustion against the face of the preheater casting, which contains a comparatively small body of water, that causes rapid heating of this body, causing the hot water to circulate through the pipes 31 and 38, at the same time drawing cold water from the bottom of the boiler through the pipe 3 3. The discharge pipes 3'1 and 38 discharge the heated water behind the bafiles 38 and 3!, and this water being under circulatory pressure, is forced down in the passages 32 and 33 expelling the colder water out at the lower end of the bafiie allowing the heated water to follow into the main body of water, and its natural tendency to ascend causes an internal circulation in each side of the boiler around the baflles, which at the same time is constantly forced by the feeding of freshly heated water from the preheater. There are therefore three circulations in the boiler, the main circulation from the bottom of the boiler through the preheater to. the tops of the passages 32 and 33, and the two circulations around the bailles, causing a rapid turbulence particularly noticeable at the water level breaking up and dispersing oxygen bubbles thereby preventing them from adhering to the metal surfaces and thereby preventing the gradual eating away of the metal at the water level which in the past has been the cause of serious damage and the reduction of the life of the boiler. This continual turbulence and positive circulation of the water also carries all vegetable matter in the water down behind the bafiles and efiectively prevents it gathering into lumps, it is in fact in time forced down into the sludge chamber through the connectors 35and the same thing happens with any scale formed. The water in the sludge chamber is entirely outside the effect of the circulations and relatively cool and for this reason the sludge is kept in a soft state and easily removable.

All heating surfaces are therefore kept free of deposits with subsequent freedom from burned out spots. a

The products of combustion after contacting the pre-heater are diverted back through the fire tubes above the plates 23 to the front chamber 2? and thence through the lower tubes to the chamber 28 and thence through the outlet 29 tothe smoke stack. During all this travel the prod,- ucts of combustion are giving up heat to water covered surfaces and at the end of their travel,

they again contact the preheater and its inlet and outlet pipes, this instant and constant heating of the small body of water in the preheater which is at once delivered to the boiler, gives to the boiler the character of a flash type where steam is generated almost instantly and the water is agitated and circulated giving exceedingly high efiiciency in the generation of steam.

The baffie plates are adaptable to almost any type of boiler and are specially effective in circulating the water in the Scotch type boiler where a relatively large body of water has to be agitated and circulated.

In hot water boilers, the preheater can be used for many other purposes, such as delivering hot water or steamto humidifiers or the like.

What I claim is 1. In a boiler, a fire chamber terminating in a water wall, a water chamber about said fire chamber, baffles spaced from the walls of said Water chamber and forming open ended circulatory passages, a water connection from the bottom of the water chamber to said water wall and. discharge pipes from said water Wall to said water chamber and directing a flow of preheated Water into said passages.

2. In a boiler, a fire chamber terminating in a water wall, a water chamber about said fire chamber, bafiles spaced from the walls of said water chamber. and forming open ended circulatory passages, a sludge chamber below said water chamber and directly connected therewith, a water connection from the bottom of the water chamber to said wall and discharge pipes from said water wall to said water chamber and directing a flow of preheated water into said passages.

3. In a boiler, a fire chamber having a burner opening and stepped fire brick inings leading to a main tubular section terminating in a water wall preheater, a water chamber about said fire chamber, bafiles spaced from the walls of said water chamber and forming open ended circulatory passages, a water connection from the bottom of the water chamber to said water wall, and discharge pipes from said water wall to said water chamber and directing a flow of preheated water into said passages 4. In a boiler, a fire chamber terminating in a water wall baflle forming a preheater, an upper from the preheater through the boiler.

ALBERT EDWARD WATTS.

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