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US2018136A - Electric switch - Google Patents

Electric switch Download PDF

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Publication number
US2018136A
US2018136A US592093A US59209332A US2018136A US 2018136 A US2018136 A US 2018136A US 592093 A US592093 A US 592093A US 59209332 A US59209332 A US 59209332A US 2018136 A US2018136 A US 2018136A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pressure
pressure chamber
valve
gas
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US592093A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lange Emil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority claimed from GB7309/32A external-priority patent/GB394444A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2018136A publication Critical patent/US2018136A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/04—Coffee-making apparatus with rising pipes
    • A47J31/043—Vacuum-type coffee-making apparatus with rising pipes in which hot water is passed to the upper bowl in which the ground coffee is placed and subsequently the heat source is cut-off and the water is sucked through the filter by the vacuum in the lower bowl
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H01H33/56—Gas reservoirs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/86—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid under pressure from the contact space being controlled by a valve
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/94—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected solely due to the pressure caused by the arc itself or by an auxiliary arc
    • H01H33/95—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected solely due to the pressure caused by the arc itself or by an auxiliary arc the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in electric switches, more particularly to switches the contact members of which'are arranged within a pressure chamber or pressure retaining vessel.
  • One object of the invention is to extinguish the arc without any quenching liquid. 'Ihe use of oil isl open to the objection that vapors are produced which, when ignited, cause the' explosion of the switch.
  • switches provided with an electrolyte e. g. water as a quenching liquid are open to the disadvantage of the formation of oxyhydrogen which on being ignitedl causes alsov an explosion of the switch.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide means for strongly cooling the separating contact members.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide means for preventing a blast of gases to be directed into the path of the arc before a predetermined increase in pressure occurs within the pressure retaining vessel.
  • Fig. 1 shows a switch with a pressure chamber or pressure retaining vessel surrounding the cooled point of break.
  • Fig. 2 is a switch similar to that shown in Fig. 1, but with two points of break.
  • Fig. 3 shows a switch with a pressure chamber surrounding the break point and connected to a pressure gas bottle through a valve.
  • Fig. 4 shows a switch similar to that illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • a compartment 85 (Fig. 1), which may be of rectangular or circular shape, and which constitutes the pressure or arc chamber, contacts 2
  • is movable and actuated from outside by anordinary i driving mechanism (not shown) for making and breaking the contact with the contact member 22.
  • the wall 23 of the pressure chamber 85 is made of an electric and heat insulating material, such as porcelain.
  • the stationary contact 22 is hollow and the hole of this contact forms the sole gas outlet of the pressure chamber 8l, thus compelling the compressed gas to blow out through the arcing spot.
  • the gas outlet proper of the switch lies'immediately behind the perforated or hollow contact 22.
  • This outlet is closed by a weighted or spring-controlled closing element or 5 valve 24, which opens towards the outer room under the effect of an inner over pressure of a predetermined value and closes ⁇ when the pressure in the compartment drops.
  • a 1 casing 25 is provided, and the space 26 between the walls of said casing and the walls 23 of the chamber 85 is lled with lcork or similar heatl insulating material.
  • and u 22 are further provided for example, a container- 29, filled with carbon dioxide, which gives off cold vwhile evaporating to the gas contained in chamber 85.
  • Closing means 38 are disposed in an opening 3
  • the switch operates in the following manner:
  • An a'rc forms in the compartment 85 when thc 25A contacts 2
  • This arc has a high temperature.
  • the temperature of the gaseous medium filling the compartment 85 30 is at the same time strongly diminished by the carbon dioxide evaporating in the container 29.
  • the relatively great temperature difference lbetween the arc and the surrounding atmosphere thus obtained and the relatively'great pressure u rise thereby created cause a strong outflow of carbon dioxide through the tubular contact 22 and through the outlet of the valve 24, which is the more increased, theimore the gas included in o chamber 85 is cooled due to the evaporation of carbon dioxide.
  • the valve 24 becomes opened so that the gas, under high pressure, quickly escapes.
  • and 22 is quickly extinguished.
  • the compartment 85' remains, after the switching-oil operation, i. e., after the extinguishing of the'arc, filled with carbon-dioxide gas at a certain pressure determined by the spring of the valve 2l.
  • This pressure is preferably considerably above atmospheric, as itis then necessary to impart to the gaseous medium in the chamber a relatively small quantity of heat by the arc' in order to get the rise in pressure wanted for expelling the gases and extinguishing the arc rapidly. This is particularly true for small arcs, i. e.. when the power to be switched off is small.
  • the extinguishing of an arc by evaporating carbon dioxide is much more effective than by air, but the invention is applicable to use with strongly cooled air ⁇ also.
  • FIG. 2 A switch with two make-and break contacts, main and auxiliary, is illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • a movable traverse 34 actuated by a driving rod 35, is situated in the compartment 32 and provided with two contact members 33 and 33' adapted to co-operate with contact members 35 and l1.
  • 'I'he contact member l1 is hollow, permitting the outflow of compressed gas and the contact member 36 is solid.
  • the main contact members 33, I1 are connected to the auxiliary contact members Il' and 35.
  • 'Ihe contact members 34 and 31 are fixed in the inner wall 38 of a casing surrounding the pressure chamber 32, the hollow walls of which casing are preferably illled with heat and electric insulating material.
  • Cooling means 39 similar to the cooling means 29 oi Fig. 1, are located in the compartment, accessible through an aperture 4
  • -ho1low formed in the contact member 31 is closed by a valve 42 (that may 4be held closed in the same manner as the valve 24), as long as there takes place no interruption of the contact members being under voltage.
  • 'I'he pressure compartment 82 is on its outside provided with a wall 43, that forms a pressure-proof casing for the hollow rooms filled with thermo-insulating material.
  • the valve 42 of Fig. 2 is adjusted toallow the gases produced in the compartments Il and 32, respectively, to ilow out therefrom only after a certain pressure is reached.
  • the auxiliary contact members Il and 88 connected in series to and co-operating with the main contact members ll and" as is customary in devices of this-nature.
  • the are produced by the auxiliary contact members Il' and 38 will produce a considerable increase in pressure in the chamber 32. This gas pressure will naturally become increased upon the opening of the main contact members Il and Il, with the result that the gases will be forced out of the chamber 32. through the valve42, with a corresponding high speed and despatch.
  • liquid carbon dioxide may be supplied in such a manner to the pressure chamber, that it is converted into carbon dioxide snow on entering the Lpressure Fig. 3 illustrates a switch of this kind with a pressure chamber surrounding the point of break 45, 46 and connected by a valve to a container containing liquid carbon dioxide.
  • the stationary oontact'member 45 forming a hollow contactandl the movable contact 45 forming a pin
  • An admission nozzle 41 is provided, in the -lower portion of the pressure chamber 44, -for introducing the compressed gas necessary for continuously maintaining the gas pressure in the chamber.
  • the pressure chamber is kept closed above the stationary hollow contact member 45 by a spring-closing valve 4I or the 1ike. ⁇
  • the pressure chamber communicates with a gas cylinder 50 filled with liquid gas, for'instance, carbon dioxide, through a pipe conduit 4l.
  • -A reducing valve 5I serves for regulating the pressure to be maintained continuously, when the contact members are closed, and the force of the permanent gas iiow dependent on said pressure.
  • Pressure is produced and maintained in the pressure chamber 44 by the gas entering from the gas cylinder 55. 'I'he 4i'orce of this pressure in the pressure chamber 44 is maintained suitably reduced at a substantially constant or uniform value by means of the reducing valve 5i to prevent opening of the valve l4l.
  • the arc produces an increase of pressure in the pressure chamber 44 during the separation of l5 the contact members 45 and 4B. Owing to this increase in pressure, the valve 48 becomes opened to permit the gas produced to flow intensely through the hollow contact member 45, thus to extinguish the arc.
  • the special advantage of this arrangement lies in the continuously existing uniform pressure in the pressure chamber, as long as no switching-olf takes place, making it unnecessary to adjust the Ivalve through which the gases are forced to extinguish the arc.
  • the pressure vessel 55 filled 80 with liquid carbon dioxide is so arranged, as by turning it upside down, as compared with Fig. 3, that liquid carbon dioxide fills the connecting conduit 49, and, on leaving a nozzle 41 projecting into the pressure chamber, can evaporate and solidify to form carbon dioxide snow I ll.
  • the nozzle 41 is preferably made adjustable in order that the quantity of carbon dioxide snow to be formed may be regulated.
  • a reducing valve inserted in the conduit ⁇ is permanently open. ⁇ 0
  • the above described invention has important advantages over the high-eillciency switches of the prior art. Owing to the strong pre-cooling vetl'ect of the carbon-dioxide gas surrounding the switch contact members, a considerably greats' 4l increase of pressure will be produced by the arc in the pressure chamber, and consequently a more rapid extinction of the arc will take place occurs in other switches.
  • An electric switch of the type in which the contact is made within a gaseous medium having. inV combination, a pressure chamber provided with an outlet, a stationary contact member disposed 1n the path or the gas sowing into me outlet, s W movable contact member within said pressure chamber for co-operating with the stationary contact member, a valve in the pressure chamber for normally closing the' outlet, and means operable independently of the movement of the movo able contact member for automatically opening the valve when the pressure in the pressure chamber rises to a predetermined value.
  • An electric switch o'i' the type in which the contact is made'wlthm sgaseous medium having, in combination, a pressure chamber provided with an outlet, a hollow stationary contact member disposed near the outlet, a movable contact member within said pressure chamber for co-operating 7 with the stationary contact member, a valve in the pressure chamber for normally closing the outlet, and means operable independently of the movement of the movable contact member for automatically opening the valve when the presn :,oiaiss, l 3
  • Vsurelnthepressure chamber risestoaprede- 4termined value.
  • a pressure chamber provided with an outlet, a stationary contact member disposed near the outlet, a movable'contaet member within said pressure chamber for co-operatingwith the stationary contact member, a valve in the pressure chamber for normally closing the outlet, means operable independently of the movement oi the movable contact, member for automatically opening the valve when the pressure in the pressure chamber rises to a predetermined value, and a volatile. coldfgenerating medium in the pressure chamber for cooling the gaseous medium therein.
  • An electric switch of the type in which the contact is made within a gaseous medium having. in combination, a pressure chamber provided with an outlet, a hollow stationary contactv member disposed near the. outlet, a movable contact member within said pressure chamber for co-operating with the stationary contact member, a valve in the pressure chamber for normally closing the an outlet, a stationary contact member disposed near thevoutlet, a movable contact ,member with- C in said pressure chamber for co-operating with the stationary contact member, a valve in the pressure chamber for normally closing the outlet, means operable-independently of the movement oi' the movable contact member for automatically 5 opening the valve'when the pressure in the pres--v sure chamber rises to a predetermined value,l a vessel for containing gas under pressure, a conduit connecting the vessel with the pressure chamber, and a reducing valve in the conduit, the 10 reducing valve being adjustable to maintain the gas pressure permanently present in the pressure chamber below the said predetermined value.
  • conduit connecting the vessel with the pressure chamber, a reducing valve in the conduit, the reducing valve being adjustable to maintain the gas pressure permanently present in-the pressure chamber below the said predetermined value, the

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US592093A 1930-01-12 1932-02-10 Electric switch Expired - Lifetime US2018136A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2018136X 1930-01-12
DE383127X 1931-02-16
DEL78163D DE601563C (de) 1930-01-12 1931-04-16 Schalter mit Loeschung des Lichtbogens durch einen Druckgasstrom
DEL78978D DE641406C (de) 1930-01-12 1931-07-30 Schalter mit Loeschung des Lichtbogens durch einen Druckgasstrom
DEL79054D DE586753C (de) 1930-01-12 1931-08-08 Einrichtung zur Rueckgewinnung des Loeschmediums bei Schaltern, in denen der Unterbrechungslichtbogen durch zugefuehrtes oder im Schalter selbst entwickeltes Gas geloescht wird
DEL79891D DE569075C (de) 1930-01-12 1931-11-27 Elektrischer Schalter
GB7309/32A GB394444A (en) 1931-03-12 1932-03-11 Improvements in or relating to speed regulators for electric motors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2018136A true US2018136A (en) 1935-10-22

Family

ID=40651673

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US592093A Expired - Lifetime US2018136A (en) 1930-01-12 1932-02-10 Electric switch

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2018136A (de)
DE (4) DE601563C (de)
FR (1) FR731049A (de)
GB (2) GB383127A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2417274A (en) * 1943-02-18 1947-03-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gas blast circuit breaker
US2481996A (en) * 1944-04-22 1949-09-13 Ferguson Pailin Ltd Air blast circuit breaker
US2488569A (en) * 1944-10-04 1949-11-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE756471C (de) * 1933-07-19 1953-08-10 Neumann Hochspannungsapp G M B Expansionsschalter
DE747995C (de) * 1934-06-12 1944-10-23 Druckgasschalter
DE905997C (de) * 1935-02-23 1954-03-08 Frida Strauss Geb Ruppel Gasschalter
US2146685A (en) * 1935-12-24 1939-02-07 Gen Electric Electric circuit interrupter
DE767684C (de) * 1938-02-12 1953-03-30 Aeg Gekapselter Druckgasschalter
BE432795A (de) * 1938-02-18
DE750668C (de) * 1938-07-31 1945-01-25 Druckgasschalter
BE471741A (de) * 1942-05-30
US2687461A (en) * 1949-02-23 1954-08-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Air-type circuit interrupter
US2654012A (en) * 1950-04-08 1953-09-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter
DE1042073B (de) * 1953-02-25 1958-10-30 Stadt Duesseldorf Stadtwerke V Loeschkammer fuer elektrischen Leistungsschalter
US2913556A (en) * 1956-03-14 1959-11-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupters
DE1125993B (de) * 1956-09-03 1962-03-22 Emil Lange Elektrischer Schalter mit Loeschung des Lichtbogens durch einen vom Lichtbogen selbst erzeugten Druckloeschmittelstrom
DE1154852B (de) * 1957-07-19 1963-09-26 Siemens Ag Elektrischer Druckluftschalter mit Mehrfachunterbrechung
DE1163941B (de) * 1959-01-26 1964-02-27 Emil Lange Elektrischer Schalter mit Loeschung des Lichtbogens durch einen vom Lichtbogen selbst erzeugten Druckloeschmittelstrom
DE1100759B (de) * 1960-02-18 1961-03-02 Siemens Ag Schaltanordnung fuer Wechselstrom
DE1168996B (de) * 1961-03-27 1964-04-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Druckgasschalter mit Filter
DE3915700C3 (de) * 1989-05-13 1997-06-19 Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh Druckgasschalter mit Verdampfungskühlung

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2417274A (en) * 1943-02-18 1947-03-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Gas blast circuit breaker
US2481996A (en) * 1944-04-22 1949-09-13 Ferguson Pailin Ltd Air blast circuit breaker
US2488569A (en) * 1944-10-04 1949-11-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR731049A (fr) 1932-08-27
GB383127A (en) 1932-11-10
DE641406C (de) 1937-01-30
GB401332A (en) 1933-11-13
DE569075C (de) 1933-01-31
DE601563C (de) 1934-08-18
DE586753C (de) 1933-10-25

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