US20140125029A1 - Suspension system having parallel air spring and rubber force reaction - Google Patents
Suspension system having parallel air spring and rubber force reaction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140125029A1 US20140125029A1 US13/669,778 US201213669778A US2014125029A1 US 20140125029 A1 US20140125029 A1 US 20140125029A1 US 201213669778 A US201213669778 A US 201213669778A US 2014125029 A1 US2014125029 A1 US 2014125029A1
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- Prior art keywords
- torsion axle
- swing arm
- spring
- axle shaft
- suspension assembly
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
- B60G11/32—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
- B60G11/22—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only
- B60G11/225—Neidhart type rubber springs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
- B60G11/32—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds
- B60G11/48—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds not including leaf springs
- B60G11/62—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds not including leaf springs having both rubber springs and fluid springs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
- B60G11/32—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds
- B60G11/48—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds not including leaf springs
- B60G11/64—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds not including leaf springs having both torsion-bar springs and fluid springs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G21/00—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces
- B60G21/02—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected
- B60G21/04—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected mechanically
- B60G21/05—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected mechanically between wheels on the same axle but on different sides of the vehicle, i.e. the left and right wheel suspensions being interconnected
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
- B60G2200/20—Semi-rigid axle suspensions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
- B60G2202/10—Type of spring
- B60G2202/14—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber
- B60G2202/142—Plastic spring, e.g. rubber subjected to shear, e.g. Neidhart type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
- B60G2202/10—Type of spring
- B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
- B60G2202/152—Pneumatic spring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
- B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
- B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
- B60G2204/126—Mounting of pneumatic springs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
- B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
- B60G2204/14—Mounting of suspension arms
- B60G2204/143—Mounting of suspension arms on the vehicle body or chassis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
- B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
- B60G2204/43—Fittings, brackets or knuckles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
- B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
- B60G2206/10—Constructional features of arms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
- B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
- B60G2206/60—Subframe construction
- B60G2206/601—Hanger bracket
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60G2300/02—Trucks; Load vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60G2300/04—Trailers
Definitions
- the invention relates to suspension methods and systems for vehicles, such as trailers and trucks. More particularly, the invention relates to a suspension assembly using a rubber torsion axle assembly in combination with an air spring. Even more particularly, the invention relates to a rubber and air suspension assembly that maximizes its performance by having the spindle ride in a predetermined position (that can be near a no-load position) to maximize the range of motion of a central torsion axle shaft of the torsion axle assembly and the life of the torsion axle.
- Torsion axles have been known for many years, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,998,981. Torsion axles have proven to be extremely popular because if one wheel hits a bump or rut, it can react independently of the other wheel, which may not have hit a bump or rut at the same time. This torsion axle concept operates to keep a trailer moving as straight as possible behind a towing vehicle as well as absorb some of the shock of the road over which it is passing with an independent suspension.
- Torsion axles are constructed of a square axle in cross section with elongated rubber members disposed in-between the square axle and a larger outer tube.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,161,814 and 5,820,156 disclose such a construction.
- One common torsion axle is a TorFlex® rubber torsion suspension system distributed by Dexter Axle. This type of torsion axle has independent and separate stub axles on each end which are part of spaced suspension assemblies mounting each of the wheels on the trailer frame to enhance the independent aspect of such an axle.
- Torsion axles can also be constructed as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,701 which uses a plurality of elongated bars which can twist and bend but return to their original position after bending. It is also known to use air bags for straight, non-torsion axles, such as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,784,221 and 5,427,404. While it is true that both the torsion axle technology and the air bag technology has been quite successful independently in making a smoother ride as well as enhancing the handling performances of vehicles having such suspension systems, these suspension systems still have their shortcomings and there is a need for improvement thereto.
- the vehicle suspension system of U.S. Pat. No. 6,340,165 combines the advantage of both the torsion axle and air spring into a single suspension assembly and has provided a more efficient and better performing suspension system than that believed provided by the systems using only a torsion axle or only an air spring.
- U.S. Pat. No. 7,758,056 improves upon the system of U.S. Pat. No. 6,340,165 by providing a more rugged and compact structure by combining the pivot for both the torsion axle and connected spindle swing arm and the air spring mounting arm on a common axis.
- the spindle of the suspension of U.S. Pat. No. 7,758,056 rides a load position where the torsion axle is already partly compressed limiting the range of motion of the spindle with respect to the no-load position. Therefore, a better suspension system is needed.
- the preferred embodiment of the present invention is a suspension assembly for a vehicle/trailer.
- the suspension assembly operates with an elongated central torsion axle shaft that is part of a rubber torsion axle assembly.
- the torsion axle shaft is configured to pivot about a torsion axle shaft pivot point.
- the suspension assembly also includes a spring with a first end and a second end.
- the first end of the spring is connected to a fixed point relative to a vehicle frame.
- the first end of the spring can be connected to a mounting bracket that is connected to the frame of the vehicle or trailer.
- An elongated spindle swing arm has a first end and a second end. The first end of the spindle swing arm is connected to the torsion axle shaft and the second end of the spindle swing arm is connected to the second end of the spring.
- the rubber torsion axle assembly includes an outer tube and rubber torsion springs located in the outer tube between the torsion axle shaft and the outer tube.
- the spring sets the torsion axle shaft to a static predetermined position when no dynamic forces are being encountered.
- the predetermined position can be near a no-load position where the no-load position relieves the rubber torsion springs of static force and supplements the force of the rubber torsion springs in reacting dynamic loads.
- the second end of the spindle swing arm is configured to control movement of the spring so that the spring and the torsion axle shaft respond to dynamic forces in parallel.
- a frame mounting device can be entirely mounted under the vehicle frame.
- the frame mounting device can be attached to the bottom portion of a frame rail of a trailer.
- the rubber torsion axle assembly can pass through the frame mounting device.
- a spindle can be attached to the second end of the spindle swing arm.
- the spindle can have a spindle axis upon which a wheel rotates.
- the spindle axis can be above a bottom of the vehicle frame when the suspension assembly is in a no-load position. In other embodiments, the spindle can be below the bottom of the vehicle frame when the suspension is in or near a no-load position.
- the spring and the spindle can be located rearward of the torsion axle shaft pivot point.
- the spring can be any of a variety of springs; for example, the spring can be an air spring, a spring operated with a fluid, a mechanical spring or another type of spring.
- the suspension assembly can be a first suspension assembly located on the left side of the vehicle frame.
- a second suspension assembly can be located on the right side of the vehicle that is opposite the left side of the vehicle.
- the first suspension assembly and the second suspension assembly are configured to operate independently of one another.
- independent suspension assemblies in this way provides for equalization axle-to-axle from the front to the rear and can prevent overloading of the rubber suspension, tires, rims, spindles, etc.
- Independent suspension assemblies along with separate side-to-side air controls, can keep the trailer (or vehicle) from leaning when loaded heavily on one side.
- the independent side-to-side suspension of this configuration allows use of rubber torsion axles in tri-axle configurations and provides for wider spacing of tandem axles if desired.
- Another configuration of the preferred embodiment includes a suspension assembly with a support swing arm.
- This assembly includes an elongated central torsion axle shaft that is a rubber torsion axle assembly.
- the torsion axle shaft has a torsion axle shaft pivot point about which it pivots.
- a mounting device is used to mount the suspension assembly to a frame of a vehicle.
- An elongated spindle swing arm has a first end and a second end and the first end of the spindle swing arm is connected to the torsion axle shaft.
- the support swing arm has a first end and a second end and the first end of the support swing arm is mounted to the mounting device so that the support swing arm rotates about a support swing arm pivot axis.
- a link device has a first end and a second end. The first end of the link device is connected to the second end of the support swing arm and the second end of the link device is connected to the second end of the spindle swing arm.
- a spring is connected between the mounting bracket and the second end of
- the second end of the spindle swing arm controls the movement of the spring through the link device so that the spring reacts to dynamic loads in parallel with the rubber torsion axle assembly.
- the spring can bias or place the elongated central torsion axle shaft into a predetermined position to offset static loads so that the elongated central torsion axle shaft has an optimized range of motion for encountering dynamic loads.
- the predetermined position can be a no-load position.
- the mounting device, elongated spindle swing arm, spring, support swing arm and link device can be retrofitted to the trailer or vehicle and its rubber torsion axle assembly without the need of first removing the torsion axle from the frame of the vehicle.
- FIG. 1 is an example diagrammatic side elevational view of a truck and a trailer on which the improved suspension assembly is mounted.
- FIG. 2 is an example rear elevational view of a pair of the improved suspension assemblies mounted on a trailer shown in dot dashed lines.
- FIG. 3 is an example perspective view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an example view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in a nearly design position.
- FIG. 5 is an example top view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly with a link device.
- FIG. 6 is an example rear view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly with a link device.
- FIG. 7 is an example front view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly with a link device.
- FIG. 8 is an example cross-sectional view of a pivot of the improved suspension assembly with a link device.
- FIG. 9 is an example cross-sectional view of the improved suspension assembly with a link device.
- FIG. 10 is an example view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in a nearly full jounce position.
- FIG. 11 is an example view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in a nearly full rebound position.
- FIG. 12 is an example perspective view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in a retrofit configuration.
- FIG. 13 is an example exploded perspective view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in the retrofit configuration.
- FIG. 14 is an example cross-sectional view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in the retrofit configuration.
- FIG. 15 is an example configuration of the preferred embodiment configured as a method.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example midsized trailer 2 that is pulled by a truck 1 .
- the preferred embodiment of a vehicle suspension system indicated generally at 3 is mounted to the trailer 2 and is used to soften force encountered by its wheels 7 .
- the suspension system 3 can be mounted to other trailers of different sizes and in some configurations might even be mounted directly to a truck 1 as FIG. 1 merely illustrates one example of where the suspension system 3 is used and does not limit other potential uses.
- the trailer 2 includes a rubber torsion axle assembly 4 extending across the width of the trailer 2 .
- the rubber torsion axle assembly 4 can be mounted to the trailer 2 when the rest of suspension system 3 is mounted to the trailer 2 at the time of manufacture of trailer 2 .
- each suspension assembly indicated generally at 5 can be later retrofitted to an existing trailer by mounting the suspension assembly 5 to an existing rubber torsion axle assembly 4 .
- the suspension assembly can be mounted, at least partially, to the frame of a trailer. It is even conceivable that in some cases the combination of two suspension assemblies 5 and a rubber torsion axle assembly 4 can all be later retrofitted to a trailer.
- the preferred embodiment includes a link device 8 (best seen in FIG. 3 ) between a support swing arm 10 and a spindle.
- the link device 8 links the support swing arm 10 to the spindle swing arm 19 so that elastomeric strips or bars 14 in the torsion axle 4 operate simultaneously with an air spring 16 .
- the link device 8 also allows the air spring to be inflated so that the spindle 12 can be placed at or near the no-load position (or another predetermined position) when the trailer 2 is in a static condition that is not experiencing jounce or rebound conditions.
- the spindle can have a spindle axis upon which a wheel rotates. The spindle axis can be above a bottom of the vehicle frame when the suspension assembly is in a no-load position.
- the spindle can be below the bottom of the vehicle frame when the suspension is in or near a no-load position.
- the use of an auxiliary spring acting on the spindle swing aim 19 on each side of the rubber torsion axle assembly 4 can replace or relieve the force of the rubber torsion axle rubber springs 14 statically and can supplement the force of the rubber torsion springs 14 in reacting dynamic loads.
- the preferred embodiment By linking the movement of the spring 16 to the spindle swing arm 19 , the preferred embodiment creates an arrangement that produces substantially increased available axle/spindle travel, a softer ride and equalization in multi-axle applications.
- the suspension assembly 5 In the no-load position (or other predetermined position), the suspension assembly 5 can operate from the softest portion of the rubber suspension spring rate curved to provide the maximum dampening benefit of the torsion axle assembly 4 . Operating from near the no-load position allows for a greater range of motion for the spindle 12 when jounce or rebound forces are encountered when the suspension assembly 5 encounters a hole or a protrusion that the suspension assembly is traveling over.
- the preferred embodiment of the suspension assembly 5 also provides for equalization from axle-to-axle that is independent from one side of the torsion axle assembly 4 to the other side of the rubber torsion axle assembly 4 .
- the air spring 16 is illustrated as connected to the rubber torsion axle 4 through the spindle swing arm 19 and the link devices 8 .
- the link device 8 in turn is shown as supported by the support swing arm 10 with a pivot axis of the support swing arm 10 located where it is attached to a mounting device.
- the support swing arm and the link device 8 can be eliminated and one end of the air spring 16 can be directly connected to an attachment point on the support swing arm 19 .
- the air spring 16 can be replaced with other types of springs.
- a mechanical spring could be used, a spring operating with a fluid can also be used, a different gas or another material could also be used in different configurations of the preferred embodiment.
- link device 8 can be any kind of link device and can be another device that is not necessarily solid/metal link devices.
- a cable could be attached between support swing arm 10 and spindle 12 .
- Any other suitable device or method as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art could be used to link the spring to the spindle swing arm 19 .
- the major components of the suspension assembly 5 includes the link device 8 , support swing arm 10 , spindle 12 , air spring 16 , a mounting device 18 and a spindle swing arm 19 .
- the mounting device 18 in the preferred embodiment is attached to the frame of the trailer 2 and/or an existing torsion axle 4 attached to the trailer 2 .
- the rubber torsion axle assembly 4 extends between a pair of the improved suspension assemblies 5 as shown particularly in FIG. 2 , and includes a generally square-shaped outer tube 20 and a central torsion axle shaft 22 at each end thereof.
- Each central torsion axle shaft 22 is movably rotatably mounted about a pivot axis within outer tube 20 .
- the torsion axle assembly 4 includes plurality of torsion axle rubber springs 14 ( FIG. 9 ) which are press-fitted within the hollow interior 24 of outer tube 20 and resiliently support the central torsion axle shaft 22 therein.
- Torsion axle 4 is similar to a well-known torsion axle, one type being sold under the trademark TOR FLEX® from Dexter Axle.
- the mounting device 18 is formed with a top plate 26 that is rectangular in shape with a right side 28 , left side 30 , a front end 32 and a back end 34 .
- the mounting device 18 is formed of a hard metal such as steel, however other metals and materials can be used.
- the right side 28 is formed with a right side outer wall 36 and a right side inner wall 38 that is generally parallel to the right side outer wall 36 .
- the right side outer wall 36 and a right side inner wall 38 are each formed with respective cutouts 49 , 67 for the torsion axle assembly 4 to pass through.
- the left side 30 is formed with a left side outer wall 40 and a left side inner wall 42 that is generally parallel to the left side outer wall 40 .
- the left side outer wall 40 is of a similar shape to the right side outer wall 36 and the left side inner wall 42 is a similar shape to the right side inner wall 38 .
- the left side outer wall 40 and a left side inner wall 42 are each formed with respective cutouts 57 , 77 for the torsion axle assembly 4 to pass through.
- the right side outer wall 36 is formed with a back edge 43 that is tapered from a lower end 44 upward to the back end 34 of the top plate 26 .
- the right side outer wall 36 is also formed with a front 46 edge that is tapered from the lower end 44 upward toward a leading edge 48 that runs upward to the front end 32 of the top plate 26 .
- the left side outer wall 40 is formed with a similar lower end 50 , a back edge 52 , a front edge 54 and a leading edge 56 .
- the right side inner wall 38 is formed with a lower end 58 that is complementary to the lower end 44 of the right side outer wall 36 .
- the right side inner wall 38 is formed with a back edge 60 that tapers from the lower end 58 to rear edge 62 that more directly runs upward to the top plate 26 of the mounting device.
- the back edge 60 of the right side inner wall 38 runs generally parallel with a portion of the back edge 43 of the right side outer wall 36 .
- the right side inner wall 38 is also formed with a front edge 64 that runs from the lower end 58 toward a leading edge 66 that more directly runs upward toward the front end 32 of the mounting device 18 .
- the front edge 64 and the leading edge 66 are shaped similar to the front edge 46 and the leading 48 of the right side outer wall 36 .
- the left side inner wall 42 has a lower end 68 , a back edge 70 , a rear edge 72 , a front edge 74 and a leading edge 76 that are similar to the lower end 58 , back edge 60 , rear edge 62 , front edge 64 and the leading edge 66 of the right side inner wall 38 .
- the right side outer wall 36 , right side inner wall 38 , the left side outer wall 40 and a left side inner wall 42 are each formed with a hole 78 above and generally near their respective lower ends 44 , 58 , 50 and 68 .
- the top plate 26 of the mounting device 18 can further include one or more holes 79 .
- One or more nuts 83 can be welded to the underside of the top plate 26 .
- a spacer bracket 89 with holes 91 in it is attached to the underside of the top plate 26 by one or more bolts 81 threaded into the nuts 83 .
- One or more fastening devices such as bolts 95 can pass through the holes 91 and thread into an adapter plate 85 that is attached to an air spring top bracket 101 .
- a notch 114 can be formed or cut into the top plate 26 to allow an air valve stem 116 to pass through the top plate 26 and an airline can later be connected to the air valve stem 116 .
- the support swing arm 10 includes a cross member 80 with a right end 82 and a left end 84 .
- the support swing arm 10 also includes a right arm 86 , a left arm 88 , an air spring mounting platform 92 and a link plate 90 with a front end 90 A and a back end 90 B.
- the air spring mounting platform 92 is a plate of metal that is attached to the cross member 80 by welding it to the cross member 80 .
- the air spring mounting platform 92 can be formed with a top wall 93 and with two side flanges 94 bent down from the top wall 93 .
- the two side flanges 94 can be formed out of different metal or other material and attached to the top wall 93 in different ways.
- the flanges 94 (90 degrees to the top wall 93 ) can provide more support to the air spring mounting platform 92 .
- the air spring mounting platform 92 can include one or more holes 96 that can be used to mount the air spring 16 to the support swing arm 10 .
- one or more bolts 98 or other fasteners can be passed through the holes in the air spring mounting platform 92 and then threaded into or passed through an air spring bottom base 101 that is part of an air spring 16 .
- the right arm 86 and the left arm 88 of the support swing arm 10 can both be formed out of plates of metal curved in an upward direction as shown in the Figures.
- One end 86 B of the right arm 86 can be connected to the right end 82 of the cross member 80 by welding or in another suitable way as understood by those with ordinary skill in the art.
- One end 88 B of the left arm 88 can be connected near the left end 84 of the cross member 80 in a similar way.
- a hole 102 is located at the other ends 86 A, 88 A of the right arm 86 and the left arm 88 .
- the support swing arm holes 102 can be aligned with the mounting device holes 78 and a bolt 108 or another similar type of mounting device can then be used to secure these devices together and allow the support swing arm 10 to pivot about a pivot axis “P” in the directions of arrow A ( FIG. 3 ).
- Ball bearings 130 ( FIG. 8 ) and/or bushings may also be located in one or both of holes 78 , 102 to provide for a better pivot of the support swing arm 10 with respect to the mounting device 18 .
- the link 8 has a top end 8 B and a bottom end 8 A and is made of two elongated link members 107
- the link plate 90 is formed out of a flat piece of metal and is attached to the left end 84 of the cross member 80 of the support swing arm 10 .
- the link plate 90 has a reward protrusion with a hole 106 cut or formed into that protrusion.
- the link devices 8 are elongated pieces of metal with first and second ends. Holes 109 are formed or cut in the first end 8 A of the link devices and holes 110 are formed or cut in the second end 8 B of the link devices 8 .
- a bolt 118 or another suitable fastening device can be passed through the holes 106 in the link plate 90 and holes 109 in the first ends of the link devices 8 to connect the first ends of the link devices 8 to the support swing arm 10 .
- the link devices 8 are primarily to hold the support swing arm 10 at an angle that is generally proportional to the location of the spindle 12 . If the pivot point of the swing arm 10 and spindle 12 were the same and the lengths of their attachment points from this pivot to each end of the links 8 , then the link devices 8 would cause the support swing arm 10 and the spindle swing arm 19 to rotate with the same angle when a force on the torsion axle 4 is encountered.
- the spindle 12 is attached to one end 19 A of the spindle swing arm 19 and the other end 19 B of the spindle swing arm 19 is rigidly attached to the other end of the central torsion axle shaft 22 .
- one end of the central torsion axle shaft 22 can fit into a square opening 120 in the spindle swing arm 19 and rigidly attached at that location.
- a brake assembly mounting plate 121 is secured to spindle 12 for subsequent attachment to a brake assembly and the spindle 12 supports a wheel/hub assembly in a manner well known in the art.
- the spindle swing arm 19 includes a spindle link attachment plate 122 .
- the spindle link attachment plate 122 is formed out of a sheet of metal and has an interior edge 124 that is shaped complementary to a portion of the surface of the spindle swing arm 19 as best seen in FIG. 4 and has an outer edge 126 .
- the spindle link attachment plate 122 can be made out of other materials and be shaped differently than what is illustrated.
- the interior edge 124 should be of sufficient length so that when the spindle link attachment plate 122 is attached to the spindle swing arm 19 at the interior edge 124 there is sufficient bonding between the two so that they are one rigid device that is not easily separated during normal operation of the trailer 2 .
- the shape and distance, and thus, the amount of material, between the interior edge 124 and outer edge 126 should be sufficient so that a hole 128 can be formed in the spindle link attachment plate 122 and the spindle link attachment plate 122 will not fail while in operation on the trailer 2 .
- a bolt or another connector device is passed through the hole 128 in the spindle link attachment plate 122 and the holes 110 in the link device 8 to link rotation of the central stub shaft 22 in the torsion axle 4 to movement in the spindle swing arm 19 and thus the amount of compression (or decompression) of the air spring 16 .
- FIGS. 4 , 10 and 11 show example operation positions of the suspension assembly 5 .
- FIG. 4 shows the position of the suspension assembly near the no-load position when there are no dynamic forces acting on it and the air spring 16 has moved the central torsion axle shaft 22 back to or near its unloaded position so the effect of the weight of the trailer acting on the torsion axle shaft 22 has been removed.
- the separation of the bottom of the trailer from the ground is represented by distance N and the central axis of the spindle 12 is above the bottom of rail 6 of trailer 2 .
- FIG. 4 shows the position of the suspension assembly near the no-load position when there are no dynamic forces acting on it and the air spring 16 has moved the central torsion axle shaft 22 back to or near its unloaded position so the effect of the weight of the trailer acting on the torsion axle shaft 22 has been removed.
- the separation of the bottom of the trailer from the ground is represented by distance N and the central axis of the spindle 12 is above the bottom of rail 6 of trailer 2 .
- FIG. 10 shows both the suspension assembly 5 in a nearly full jounce position as shown by the counterclockwise pivotal movement of spindle swing arm 19 in the direction of the arrow and the rotational movement of central torsion axle shaft 22 is in the same direction.
- the separation of the bottom of the trailer from the ground is represented by distance J that is less than the distance N in FIG. 4 while the axis of the spindle 12 is further above the bottom rail 6 of the trailer 2 .
- FIG. 11 shows a nearly full rebound position where both central torsion axle shaft 22 and its associated torsion axle rubber springs 14 and spring 16 provide the desired stability to the suspension assembly by absorbing the various twisting and up and down or side-to-side movement exerted on the trailer wheels 7 .
- the separation of the bottom of the trailer from the ground is represented by distance R that is greater than the distance N in FIG. 4 while the axis of the spindle 12 is now below the bottom rail 6 of the trailer 2 .
- the preferred embodiment of the suspension assembly 5 is an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) suspension assembly 5 .
- OEM original equipment manufacturer
- This version can be built by a rubber torsion manufacturer OEM and then sold with the rubber torsion axle to the trailer manufacturer.
- the rubber torsion manufacturer OEM may assemble all or part of the suspension assembly 5 as it is installed on a trailer.
- the suspension assembly 5 can arrive at the rubber torsion manufacturer OEM partially pre-assembled or fully assembled before it is to be installed on the torsion axle.
- the rubber torsion manufacturer OEM will install a pair of suspension assemblies 5 onto a torsion axle before it is sold to a trailer manufacturer who will install this combination onto a trailer.
- one or more rubber torsion manufacturer OEMs can license the preferred embodiment from the inventor(s) and produce their own components and assemble them when manufacturing axles.
- the rubber torsion manufacturer OEM can sell the completed assembly to the trailer manufacturer who will install the suspension assemblies 5 to the trailer with bolts and/or welds preferably by bolting and/or welding the mounting devices to frame rails of the trailer.
- the suspension assembly 5 can be retrofitted to trailers that have already been produced and may have already been in use.
- these configurations of the preferred embodiment include custom made clamp devices 250 , 252 or other devices that are used to clamp/fasten the retrofit suspension assembly 205 to the torsion axle 4 of an existing trailer.
- Other attachment devices could be used as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
- Configurations of the preferred embodiment that are retrofitted to trailers and their torsion axles also include a spindle link attachment plate 122 that can be similar to the OEM spindle link attachment plate 122 discussed above.
- the spindle link attachment plate 122 can be welded to the spindle swing arm 19 or attached/clamped to the spindle swing arm 19 in other ways as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.
- link devices 136 are connected between the spindle link attachment plate 122 and the support swing arm 210 .
- the rubber torsion axle tube 20 may need to be slid onto the mounting device 218 before the retrofit suspension assembly 205 /suspension system 203 is mounted to the trailer 2 .
- other components may need to be assembled by the OEM as the retrofit suspension system 203 is assembled onto the trailer 2 .
- the retrofit suspension assembly 205 includes a support swing arm 210 with a longer cross member and shorter arms 286 , 288 than the support swing arm 10 discussed above. Otherwise, the components of the retrofit support swing arm 210 can be components similar to the support swing arm 10 of the preferred embodiment discussed above.
- the torsion axle can be already mounted to a rail bracket 350 that is attached to the trailer 2 .
- the bracket 350 can include a top plate 350 , a vertical wall 354 and one or more mounting holes 256 used to mount the bracket 350 to a trailer.
- the retrofit suspension assembly 205 includes a frame mounting device 218 with a top wall 226 , a right side 228 , a left side 230 , a front end 232 , a back end 234 and holes 279 .
- a notch is formed in the top wall 226 to provide an opening for a nozzle 316 .
- One or more fastening devices 281 can be used to fasten an air spring top bracket 101 to the top wall 226 of the retrofit mounting device 218 .
- the retrofit mounting device 218 can have a similar right side outer wall 236 , right side inner wall 238 , a left side outer wall 240 and a left side inner wall 242 . These walls support the clamp devices 250 , 252 .
- Each of the clamp devices 250 , 252 has a bottom clamp portion 250 B, 252 B attached to walls 236 , 238 and walls 240 , 242 respectively.
- Each bottom clamp portion 250 B, 252 B is formed with a generally curved wall 254 with flanges 256 at each of the generally curved wall 254 and a hole 257 through the flanges 256 .
- the clamp devices 250 , 252 also have top clamp portions 250 A, 252 A respectively that can be formed similar to bottom clamp portions 250 B, 252 B.
- the frame mounting bracket 218 can be mounted to the torsion axle assembly 4 by attaching the clamp devices 250 , 252 around the torsion axle assembly 4 and to each other. This can be done by bolting the top clamp portions 250 A, 252 A to the bottom clamp portions 250 B, 252 B using washers 279 , bolts 258 and nuts 260 as shown in FIG. 12 .
- Example methods may be better appreciated with reference to flow diagrams. While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the illustrated methodologies are shown and described as a series of blocks, it is to be appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks can occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from that shown and described. Moreover, less than all the illustrated blocks may be required to implement an example methodology. Blocks may be combined or separated into multiple components. Furthermore, additional and/or alternative methodologies can employ additional, not illustrated blocks.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a method 1500 of reacting to loads encountered by a vehicle.
- the method 1500 begins by using a spring to rotate a central torsion axle shaft of a rubber torsion axle to a predetermined position, at 1502 , when only static loads are present.
- the central torsion axle shaft can be connected to the first end of an elongated spindle swing arm that has a first end and a second end.
- the second end of the spindle swing arm (or another part of the spindle swing arm) can be connected to one end of the spring.
- the spring can be an air spring.
- the predetermined position can be at or near a no-load position.
- central torsion axle shaft By placing the central torsion axle shaft at or near a no-load position, static force can be removed from the central torsion axle shaft so that it can operate with a greater range of motion and provide for a better riding suspension system. Removing static loads from a torsion axle system also can greatly extend its lifespan. Placing the central torsion axle shaft at or near a no-load position also relieves at least some of the bending loads the central torsion axle shaft is experiencing from the weight of the trailer because now rather than have all of the bending loads received in the rubber torsion axle, the bending loads are also absorbed by the spring.
- the method 1500 can also include moving with the second end of the spindle swing arm one end of the spring to, at least in part, absorb/dissipate at least some of the force/movement of the spindle arm, at 1504 . Because the spring is connected to the spindle swing arm, the method 1500 reacts to dynamic loads with the spring and the central torsion axle shaft reacting in parallel.
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Abstract
Description
- 1. Technical Field
- The invention relates to suspension methods and systems for vehicles, such as trailers and trucks. More particularly, the invention relates to a suspension assembly using a rubber torsion axle assembly in combination with an air spring. Even more particularly, the invention relates to a rubber and air suspension assembly that maximizes its performance by having the spindle ride in a predetermined position (that can be near a no-load position) to maximize the range of motion of a central torsion axle shaft of the torsion axle assembly and the life of the torsion axle.
- 2. Background Information
- Torsion axles have been known for many years, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,998,981. Torsion axles have proven to be extremely popular because if one wheel hits a bump or rut, it can react independently of the other wheel, which may not have hit a bump or rut at the same time. This torsion axle concept operates to keep a trailer moving as straight as possible behind a towing vehicle as well as absorb some of the shock of the road over which it is passing with an independent suspension. This is contrasted with a straight axle where if one wheel drops into a rut or is slowed down for any reason while the other wheel of the trailer does not have the same experience at the same time, the trailer would tend to turn somewhat to allow the wheel that is on the flat part of the road to move forward while the wheel that is in the rut is restrained, therefore causing the axle not to be perpendicular with the direction of towing of the vehicle itself.
- Torsion axles are constructed of a square axle in cross section with elongated rubber members disposed in-between the square axle and a larger outer tube. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,161,814 and 5,820,156 disclose such a construction. One common torsion axle is a TorFlex® rubber torsion suspension system distributed by Dexter Axle. This type of torsion axle has independent and separate stub axles on each end which are part of spaced suspension assemblies mounting each of the wheels on the trailer frame to enhance the independent aspect of such an axle.
- Torsion axles can also be constructed as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,701 which uses a plurality of elongated bars which can twist and bend but return to their original position after bending. It is also known to use air bags for straight, non-torsion axles, such as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,784,221 and 5,427,404. While it is true that both the torsion axle technology and the air bag technology has been quite successful independently in making a smoother ride as well as enhancing the handling performances of vehicles having such suspension systems, these suspension systems still have their shortcomings and there is a need for improvement thereto.
- The vehicle suspension system of U.S. Pat. No. 6,340,165 combines the advantage of both the torsion axle and air spring into a single suspension assembly and has provided a more efficient and better performing suspension system than that believed provided by the systems using only a torsion axle or only an air spring. U.S. Pat. No. 7,758,056 improves upon the system of U.S. Pat. No. 6,340,165 by providing a more rugged and compact structure by combining the pivot for both the torsion axle and connected spindle swing arm and the air spring mounting arm on a common axis. However, the spindle of the suspension of U.S. Pat. No. 7,758,056 rides a load position where the torsion axle is already partly compressed limiting the range of motion of the spindle with respect to the no-load position. Therefore, a better suspension system is needed.
- The preferred embodiment of the present invention is a suspension assembly for a vehicle/trailer. The suspension assembly operates with an elongated central torsion axle shaft that is part of a rubber torsion axle assembly. The torsion axle shaft is configured to pivot about a torsion axle shaft pivot point. The suspension assembly also includes a spring with a first end and a second end. The first end of the spring is connected to a fixed point relative to a vehicle frame. For example the first end of the spring can be connected to a mounting bracket that is connected to the frame of the vehicle or trailer. An elongated spindle swing arm has a first end and a second end. The first end of the spindle swing arm is connected to the torsion axle shaft and the second end of the spindle swing arm is connected to the second end of the spring.
- The rubber torsion axle assembly includes an outer tube and rubber torsion springs located in the outer tube between the torsion axle shaft and the outer tube. In some configurations of the preferred embodiment, the spring sets the torsion axle shaft to a static predetermined position when no dynamic forces are being encountered. For example, the predetermined position can be near a no-load position where the no-load position relieves the rubber torsion springs of static force and supplements the force of the rubber torsion springs in reacting dynamic loads. By unloading the static loads from the rubber torsion springs, the life of the rubber torsion axle is substantially increased.
- In some configurations, the second end of the spindle swing arm is configured to control movement of the spring so that the spring and the torsion axle shaft respond to dynamic forces in parallel.
- Other configurations of the preferred embodiment can include other useful features and devices. For example, a frame mounting device can be entirely mounted under the vehicle frame. The frame mounting device can be attached to the bottom portion of a frame rail of a trailer. The rubber torsion axle assembly can pass through the frame mounting device. A spindle can be attached to the second end of the spindle swing arm. The spindle can have a spindle axis upon which a wheel rotates. The spindle axis can be above a bottom of the vehicle frame when the suspension assembly is in a no-load position. In other embodiments, the spindle can be below the bottom of the vehicle frame when the suspension is in or near a no-load position. The spring and the spindle can be located rearward of the torsion axle shaft pivot point. The spring can be any of a variety of springs; for example, the spring can be an air spring, a spring operated with a fluid, a mechanical spring or another type of spring.
- The suspension assembly can be a first suspension assembly located on the left side of the vehicle frame. A second suspension assembly can be located on the right side of the vehicle that is opposite the left side of the vehicle. The first suspension assembly and the second suspension assembly are configured to operate independently of one another.
- Using independent suspension assemblies in this way provides for equalization axle-to-axle from the front to the rear and can prevent overloading of the rubber suspension, tires, rims, spindles, etc. Independent suspension assemblies, along with separate side-to-side air controls, can keep the trailer (or vehicle) from leaning when loaded heavily on one side. The independent side-to-side suspension of this configuration allows use of rubber torsion axles in tri-axle configurations and provides for wider spacing of tandem axles if desired.
- Another configuration of the preferred embodiment includes a suspension assembly with a support swing arm. This assembly includes an elongated central torsion axle shaft that is a rubber torsion axle assembly. The torsion axle shaft has a torsion axle shaft pivot point about which it pivots. A mounting device is used to mount the suspension assembly to a frame of a vehicle. An elongated spindle swing arm has a first end and a second end and the first end of the spindle swing arm is connected to the torsion axle shaft. The support swing arm has a first end and a second end and the first end of the support swing arm is mounted to the mounting device so that the support swing arm rotates about a support swing arm pivot axis. A link device has a first end and a second end. The first end of the link device is connected to the second end of the support swing arm and the second end of the link device is connected to the second end of the spindle swing arm. A spring is connected between the mounting bracket and the second end of the support swing arm.
- In some configurations, the second end of the spindle swing arm controls the movement of the spring through the link device so that the spring reacts to dynamic loads in parallel with the rubber torsion axle assembly. Additionally, the spring can bias or place the elongated central torsion axle shaft into a predetermined position to offset static loads so that the elongated central torsion axle shaft has an optimized range of motion for encountering dynamic loads. As mentioned earlier, the predetermined position can be a no-load position.
- When the rubber torsion axle assembly (including the elongated central torsion axle shaft and torsion axle shaft pivot point) are part of an existing trailer or vehicle, the mounting device, elongated spindle swing arm, spring, support swing arm and link device can be retrofitted to the trailer or vehicle and its rubber torsion axle assembly without the need of first removing the torsion axle from the frame of the vehicle.
- One or more preferred embodiments that illustrate the best mode(s) are set forth in the drawings and in the following description. The appended claims particularly and distinctly point out and set forth the invention.
- The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate various example methods, and other example embodiments of various aspects of the invention. It will be appreciated that the illustrated element boundaries (e.g., boxes, groups of boxes, or other shapes) in the figures represent one example of the boundaries. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that in some examples one element may be designed as multiple elements or that multiple elements may be designed as one element. In some examples, an element shown as an internal component of another element may be implemented as an external component and vice versa. Furthermore, elements may not be drawn to scale.
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FIG. 1 is an example diagrammatic side elevational view of a truck and a trailer on which the improved suspension assembly is mounted. -
FIG. 2 is an example rear elevational view of a pair of the improved suspension assemblies mounted on a trailer shown in dot dashed lines. -
FIG. 3 is an example perspective view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is an example view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in a nearly design position. -
FIG. 5 is an example top view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly with a link device. -
FIG. 6 is an example rear view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly with a link device. -
FIG. 7 is an example front view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly with a link device. -
FIG. 8 is an example cross-sectional view of a pivot of the improved suspension assembly with a link device. -
FIG. 9 is an example cross-sectional view of the improved suspension assembly with a link device. -
FIG. 10 is an example view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in a nearly full jounce position. -
FIG. 11 is an example view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in a nearly full rebound position. -
FIG. 12 is an example perspective view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in a retrofit configuration. -
FIG. 13 is an example exploded perspective view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in the retrofit configuration. -
FIG. 14 is an example cross-sectional view of the improved vehicle suspension assembly in the retrofit configuration. -
FIG. 15 is an example configuration of the preferred embodiment configured as a method. - Similar numbers refer to similar parts throughout the drawings.
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FIG. 1 illustrates an examplemidsized trailer 2 that is pulled by atruck 1. The preferred embodiment of a vehicle suspension system indicated generally at 3 is mounted to thetrailer 2 and is used to soften force encountered by itswheels 7. Thesuspension system 3 can be mounted to other trailers of different sizes and in some configurations might even be mounted directly to atruck 1 asFIG. 1 merely illustrates one example of where thesuspension system 3 is used and does not limit other potential uses. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , thetrailer 2 includes a rubbertorsion axle assembly 4 extending across the width of thetrailer 2. In general, the rubbertorsion axle assembly 4 can be mounted to thetrailer 2 when the rest ofsuspension system 3 is mounted to thetrailer 2 at the time of manufacture oftrailer 2. However, as discussed later, each suspension assembly indicated generally at 5 can be later retrofitted to an existing trailer by mounting thesuspension assembly 5 to an existing rubbertorsion axle assembly 4. In other configurations, the suspension assembly can be mounted, at least partially, to the frame of a trailer. It is even conceivable that in some cases the combination of twosuspension assemblies 5 and a rubbertorsion axle assembly 4 can all be later retrofitted to a trailer. - Before describing the preferred embodiment of the
suspension system 3 in detail, the following are briefly discussed: First, a paragraph introduces an improvednew suspension assembly 5 with alink device 8. Secondly, a paragraph discusses the benefits of a suspension assembly with thelink device 8. Third, a paragraph discusses a configuration of the suspension assembly that has the spindle swing arm attached to one end of a spring without requiring a support swing arm as used in the preferred embodiment before returning to a detailed discussion of the components of the preferred embodiment. - The preferred embodiment includes a link device 8 (best seen in
FIG. 3 ) between asupport swing arm 10 and a spindle. Thelink device 8 links thesupport swing arm 10 to thespindle swing arm 19 so that elastomeric strips orbars 14 in thetorsion axle 4 operate simultaneously with anair spring 16. Thelink device 8 also allows the air spring to be inflated so that thespindle 12 can be placed at or near the no-load position (or another predetermined position) when thetrailer 2 is in a static condition that is not experiencing jounce or rebound conditions. The spindle can have a spindle axis upon which a wheel rotates. The spindle axis can be above a bottom of the vehicle frame when the suspension assembly is in a no-load position. In other embodiments, the spindle can be below the bottom of the vehicle frame when the suspension is in or near a no-load position. In summary, the use of an auxiliary spring acting on the spindle swing aim 19 on each side of the rubbertorsion axle assembly 4 can replace or relieve the force of the rubber torsion axle rubber springs 14 statically and can supplement the force of the rubber torsion springs 14 in reacting dynamic loads. - By linking the movement of the
spring 16 to thespindle swing arm 19, the preferred embodiment creates an arrangement that produces substantially increased available axle/spindle travel, a softer ride and equalization in multi-axle applications. In the no-load position (or other predetermined position), thesuspension assembly 5 can operate from the softest portion of the rubber suspension spring rate curved to provide the maximum dampening benefit of thetorsion axle assembly 4. Operating from near the no-load position allows for a greater range of motion for thespindle 12 when jounce or rebound forces are encountered when thesuspension assembly 5 encounters a hole or a protrusion that the suspension assembly is traveling over. Operating from near the no-load position (or other predetermined position) also increases the life of therubber torsion axle 4 assembly by helping to prevent the overloading of the rubber in the rubbertorsion axle assembly 4, tires, rims spindles and other components. Placing the central torsion axle shaft at or near a no-load position also relieves at least some of the bending loads the central torsion axle shaft is experiencing from the weight of the trailer because now, rather than having all of the bending loads received in the rubber torsion axle, the bending loads are also absorbed by the spring. The preferred embodiment of thesuspension assembly 5 also provides for equalization from axle-to-axle that is independent from one side of thetorsion axle assembly 4 to the other side of the rubbertorsion axle assembly 4. - In the example preferred embodiment, the
air spring 16 is illustrated as connected to therubber torsion axle 4 through thespindle swing arm 19 and thelink devices 8. Thelink device 8 in turn is shown as supported by thesupport swing arm 10 with a pivot axis of thesupport swing arm 10 located where it is attached to a mounting device. In other configurations, the support swing arm and thelink device 8 can be eliminated and one end of theair spring 16 can be directly connected to an attachment point on thesupport swing arm 19. In other configurations, theair spring 16 can be replaced with other types of springs. For example, a mechanical spring could be used, a spring operating with a fluid can also be used, a different gas or another material could also be used in different configurations of the preferred embodiment. Even when some type oflink device 8 is used, it can be any kind of link device and can be another device that is not necessarily solid/metal link devices. For example, in another configuration of the preferred embodiment, a cable could be attached betweensupport swing arm 10 andspindle 12. Any other suitable device or method as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art could be used to link the spring to thespindle swing arm 19. - Returning to a detailed description of the components of the preferred embodiment of the
suspension assembly 5, it can be best seen inFIG. 3 that the major components of thesuspension assembly 5 includes thelink device 8,support swing arm 10,spindle 12,air spring 16, a mountingdevice 18 and aspindle swing arm 19. The mountingdevice 18 in the preferred embodiment is attached to the frame of thetrailer 2 and/or an existingtorsion axle 4 attached to thetrailer 2. The rubbertorsion axle assembly 4 extends between a pair of theimproved suspension assemblies 5 as shown particularly inFIG. 2 , and includes a generally square-shapedouter tube 20 and a centraltorsion axle shaft 22 at each end thereof. Each centraltorsion axle shaft 22 is movably rotatably mounted about a pivot axis withinouter tube 20. Thetorsion axle assembly 4 includes plurality of torsion axle rubber springs 14 (FIG. 9 ) which are press-fitted within thehollow interior 24 ofouter tube 20 and resiliently support the centraltorsion axle shaft 22 therein.Torsion axle 4 is similar to a well-known torsion axle, one type being sold under the trademark TOR FLEX® from Dexter Axle. - As best seen in
FIG. 3 , the mountingdevice 18 is formed with atop plate 26 that is rectangular in shape with aright side 28,left side 30, afront end 32 and aback end 34. The mountingdevice 18, as well as most other components of the preferred embodiment, is formed of a hard metal such as steel, however other metals and materials can be used. Theright side 28 is formed with a right side outer wall 36 and a right sideinner wall 38 that is generally parallel to the right side outer wall 36. The right side outer wall 36 and a right sideinner wall 38 are each formed withrespective cutouts torsion axle assembly 4 to pass through. Theleft side 30 is formed with a left sideouter wall 40 and a left sideinner wall 42 that is generally parallel to the left sideouter wall 40. The left sideouter wall 40 is of a similar shape to the right side outer wall 36 and the left sideinner wall 42 is a similar shape to the right sideinner wall 38. The left sideouter wall 40 and a left sideinner wall 42 are each formed withrespective cutouts 57, 77 for thetorsion axle assembly 4 to pass through. - The right side outer wall 36 is formed with a
back edge 43 that is tapered from alower end 44 upward to theback end 34 of thetop plate 26. The right side outer wall 36 is also formed with a front 46 edge that is tapered from thelower end 44 upward toward a leadingedge 48 that runs upward to thefront end 32 of thetop plate 26. The left sideouter wall 40 is formed with a similarlower end 50, aback edge 52, afront edge 54 and aleading edge 56. - The right side
inner wall 38 is formed with alower end 58 that is complementary to thelower end 44 of the right side outer wall 36. The right sideinner wall 38 is formed with aback edge 60 that tapers from thelower end 58 to rear edge 62 that more directly runs upward to thetop plate 26 of the mounting device. In the preferred embodiment, theback edge 60 of the right sideinner wall 38 runs generally parallel with a portion of theback edge 43 of the right side outer wall 36. The right sideinner wall 38 is also formed with afront edge 64 that runs from thelower end 58 toward a leadingedge 66 that more directly runs upward toward thefront end 32 of the mountingdevice 18. Thefront edge 64 and the leadingedge 66 are shaped similar to thefront edge 46 and the leading 48 of the right side outer wall 36. The left sideinner wall 42 has alower end 68, aback edge 70, arear edge 72, afront edge 74 and aleading edge 76 that are similar to thelower end 58, backedge 60, rear edge 62,front edge 64 and the leadingedge 66 of the right sideinner wall 38. The right side outer wall 36, right sideinner wall 38, the left sideouter wall 40 and a left sideinner wall 42 are each formed with ahole 78 above and generally near their respective lower ends 44, 58, 50 and 68. - As best seen in
FIG. 9 , thetop plate 26 of the mountingdevice 18 can further include one ormore holes 79. One or more nuts 83 can be welded to the underside of thetop plate 26. Aspacer bracket 89 withholes 91 in it is attached to the underside of thetop plate 26 by one ormore bolts 81 threaded into the nuts 83. One or more fastening devices such asbolts 95 can pass through theholes 91 and thread into anadapter plate 85 that is attached to an air springtop bracket 101. Anotch 114 can be formed or cut into thetop plate 26 to allow anair valve stem 116 to pass through thetop plate 26 and an airline can later be connected to theair valve stem 116. - As best seen in
FIG. 6 , thesupport swing arm 10 includes across member 80 with aright end 82 and aleft end 84. Thesupport swing arm 10 also includes aright arm 86, aleft arm 88, an airspring mounting platform 92 and alink plate 90 with afront end 90A and aback end 90B. The airspring mounting platform 92 is a plate of metal that is attached to thecross member 80 by welding it to thecross member 80. Of course, those with ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the airspring mounting platform 92 can be formed with atop wall 93 and with twoside flanges 94 bent down from thetop wall 93. Alternatively, the twoside flanges 94 can be formed out of different metal or other material and attached to thetop wall 93 in different ways. The flanges 94 (90 degrees to the top wall 93) can provide more support to the airspring mounting platform 92. The airspring mounting platform 92 can include one or more holes 96 that can be used to mount theair spring 16 to thesupport swing arm 10. For example, one ormore bolts 98 or other fasteners can be passed through the holes in the airspring mounting platform 92 and then threaded into or passed through an airspring bottom base 101 that is part of anair spring 16. - The
right arm 86 and theleft arm 88 of thesupport swing arm 10 can both be formed out of plates of metal curved in an upward direction as shown in the Figures. Oneend 86B of theright arm 86 can be connected to theright end 82 of thecross member 80 by welding or in another suitable way as understood by those with ordinary skill in the art. Oneend 88B of theleft arm 88 can be connected near theleft end 84 of thecross member 80 in a similar way. Ahole 102 is located at the other ends 86A, 88A of theright arm 86 and theleft arm 88. The support swing arm holes 102 can be aligned with the mounting device holes 78 and abolt 108 or another similar type of mounting device can then be used to secure these devices together and allow thesupport swing arm 10 to pivot about a pivot axis “P” in the directions of arrow A (FIG. 3 ). Ball bearings 130 (FIG. 8 ) and/or bushings may also be located in one or both ofholes support swing arm 10 with respect to the mountingdevice 18. - In the preferred embodiment, the
link 8 has atop end 8B and abottom end 8A and is made of twoelongated link members 107, thelink plate 90 is formed out of a flat piece of metal and is attached to theleft end 84 of thecross member 80 of thesupport swing arm 10. Thelink plate 90 has a reward protrusion with ahole 106 cut or formed into that protrusion. In the preferred embodiment, thelink devices 8 are elongated pieces of metal with first and second ends.Holes 109 are formed or cut in thefirst end 8A of the link devices and holes 110 are formed or cut in thesecond end 8B of thelink devices 8. Abolt 118 or another suitable fastening device can be passed through theholes 106 in thelink plate 90 andholes 109 in the first ends of thelink devices 8 to connect the first ends of thelink devices 8 to thesupport swing arm 10. Note that thelink devices 8 are primarily to hold thesupport swing arm 10 at an angle that is generally proportional to the location of thespindle 12. If the pivot point of theswing arm 10 andspindle 12 were the same and the lengths of their attachment points from this pivot to each end of thelinks 8, then thelink devices 8 would cause thesupport swing arm 10 and thespindle swing arm 19 to rotate with the same angle when a force on thetorsion axle 4 is encountered. - The
spindle 12 is attached to oneend 19A of thespindle swing arm 19 and theother end 19B of thespindle swing arm 19 is rigidly attached to the other end of the centraltorsion axle shaft 22. For example, one end of the centraltorsion axle shaft 22 can fit into asquare opening 120 in thespindle swing arm 19 and rigidly attached at that location. A brakeassembly mounting plate 121 is secured to spindle 12 for subsequent attachment to a brake assembly and thespindle 12 supports a wheel/hub assembly in a manner well known in the art. - The
spindle swing arm 19 includes a spindlelink attachment plate 122. In the preferred embodiment, the spindlelink attachment plate 122 is formed out of a sheet of metal and has aninterior edge 124 that is shaped complementary to a portion of the surface of thespindle swing arm 19 as best seen inFIG. 4 and has anouter edge 126. Of course, the spindlelink attachment plate 122 can be made out of other materials and be shaped differently than what is illustrated. Theinterior edge 124 should be of sufficient length so that when the spindlelink attachment plate 122 is attached to thespindle swing arm 19 at theinterior edge 124 there is sufficient bonding between the two so that they are one rigid device that is not easily separated during normal operation of thetrailer 2. The shape and distance, and thus, the amount of material, between theinterior edge 124 andouter edge 126 should be sufficient so that ahole 128 can be formed in the spindlelink attachment plate 122 and the spindlelink attachment plate 122 will not fail while in operation on thetrailer 2. A bolt or another connector device is passed through thehole 128 in the spindlelink attachment plate 122 and theholes 110 in thelink device 8 to link rotation of thecentral stub shaft 22 in thetorsion axle 4 to movement in thespindle swing arm 19 and thus the amount of compression (or decompression) of theair spring 16. - Having described the various components of the preferred embodiment of the
suspension assembly 5, its operation and use will now be described.FIGS. 4 , 10 and 11 show example operation positions of thesuspension assembly 5.FIG. 4 shows the position of the suspension assembly near the no-load position when there are no dynamic forces acting on it and theair spring 16 has moved the centraltorsion axle shaft 22 back to or near its unloaded position so the effect of the weight of the trailer acting on thetorsion axle shaft 22 has been removed. In this Figure, the separation of the bottom of the trailer from the ground is represented by distance N and the central axis of thespindle 12 is above the bottom ofrail 6 oftrailer 2.FIG. 10 shows both thesuspension assembly 5 in a nearly full jounce position as shown by the counterclockwise pivotal movement ofspindle swing arm 19 in the direction of the arrow and the rotational movement of centraltorsion axle shaft 22 is in the same direction. In this Figure, the separation of the bottom of the trailer from the ground is represented by distance J that is less than the distance N inFIG. 4 while the axis of thespindle 12 is further above thebottom rail 6 of thetrailer 2.FIG. 11 shows a nearly full rebound position where both centraltorsion axle shaft 22 and its associated torsion axle rubber springs 14 andspring 16 provide the desired stability to the suspension assembly by absorbing the various twisting and up and down or side-to-side movement exerted on thetrailer wheels 7. In this Figure, the separation of the bottom of the trailer from the ground is represented by distance R that is greater than the distance N inFIG. 4 while the axis of thespindle 12 is now below thebottom rail 6 of thetrailer 2. - The preferred embodiment of the suspension assembly 5 (
FIGS. 1-11 ) is an original equipment manufacturer (OEM)suspension assembly 5. This version can be built by a rubber torsion manufacturer OEM and then sold with the rubber torsion axle to the trailer manufacturer. In one configuration, the rubber torsion manufacturer OEM may assemble all or part of thesuspension assembly 5 as it is installed on a trailer. In other configurations, thesuspension assembly 5 can arrive at the rubber torsion manufacturer OEM partially pre-assembled or fully assembled before it is to be installed on the torsion axle. In this case, the rubber torsion manufacturer OEM will install a pair ofsuspension assemblies 5 onto a torsion axle before it is sold to a trailer manufacturer who will install this combination onto a trailer. Alternatively, one or more rubber torsion manufacturer OEMs can license the preferred embodiment from the inventor(s) and produce their own components and assemble them when manufacturing axles. Ideally, the rubber torsion manufacturer OEM can sell the completed assembly to the trailer manufacturer who will install thesuspension assemblies 5 to the trailer with bolts and/or welds preferably by bolting and/or welding the mounting devices to frame rails of the trailer. - Alternatively, the
suspension assembly 5 can be retrofitted to trailers that have already been produced and may have already been in use. As best seen inFIGS. 12-14 , these configurations of the preferred embodiment include custom madeclamp devices retrofit suspension assembly 205 to thetorsion axle 4 of an existing trailer. Other attachment devices could be used as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Configurations of the preferred embodiment that are retrofitted to trailers and their torsion axles also include a spindlelink attachment plate 122 that can be similar to the OEM spindlelink attachment plate 122 discussed above. The spindlelink attachment plate 122 can be welded to thespindle swing arm 19 or attached/clamped to thespindle swing arm 19 in other ways as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Next, link devices 136 are connected between the spindlelink attachment plate 122 and thesupport swing arm 210. - In other configurations of the preferred embodiment, the rubber
torsion axle tube 20 may need to be slid onto the mountingdevice 218 before theretrofit suspension assembly 205/suspension system 203 is mounted to thetrailer 2. In other embodiments, other components may need to be assembled by the OEM as theretrofit suspension system 203 is assembled onto thetrailer 2. Theretrofit suspension assembly 205 includes asupport swing arm 210 with a longer cross member andshorter arms support swing arm 10 discussed above. Otherwise, the components of the retrofitsupport swing arm 210 can be components similar to thesupport swing arm 10 of the preferred embodiment discussed above. - The torsion axle can be already mounted to a
rail bracket 350 that is attached to thetrailer 2. Thebracket 350 can include atop plate 350, avertical wall 354 and one or more mountingholes 256 used to mount thebracket 350 to a trailer. - The
retrofit suspension assembly 205 includes aframe mounting device 218 with atop wall 226, aright side 228, aleft side 230, afront end 232, aback end 234 and holes 279. A notch is formed in thetop wall 226 to provide an opening for anozzle 316. One ormore fastening devices 281 can be used to fasten an air springtop bracket 101 to thetop wall 226 of theretrofit mounting device 218. Similar to the mountingdevice 18 discussed earlier, theretrofit mounting device 218 can have a similar right sideouter wall 236, right sideinner wall 238, a left sideouter wall 240 and a left sideinner wall 242. These walls support theclamp devices - Each of the
clamp devices bottom clamp portion walls walls bottom clamp portion curved wall 254 withflanges 256 at each of the generallycurved wall 254 and ahole 257 through theflanges 256. Theclamp devices top clamp portions bottom clamp portions - When installing the
retrofit suspension assembly 205 to a trailer, the spindle link attachment plate will need to be welded to thespindle swing arm 19 or attached in another way as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Theframe mounting bracket 218 can be mounted to thetorsion axle assembly 4 by attaching theclamp devices torsion axle assembly 4 and to each other. This can be done by bolting thetop clamp portions bottom clamp portions 252 B using washers 279,bolts 258 andnuts 260 as shown inFIG. 12 . - Example methods may be better appreciated with reference to flow diagrams. While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the illustrated methodologies are shown and described as a series of blocks, it is to be appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of the blocks, as some blocks can occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other blocks from that shown and described. Moreover, less than all the illustrated blocks may be required to implement an example methodology. Blocks may be combined or separated into multiple components. Furthermore, additional and/or alternative methodologies can employ additional, not illustrated blocks.
-
FIG. 15 illustrates amethod 1500 of reacting to loads encountered by a vehicle. Themethod 1500 begins by using a spring to rotate a central torsion axle shaft of a rubber torsion axle to a predetermined position, at 1502, when only static loads are present. As discussed earlier, the central torsion axle shaft can be connected to the first end of an elongated spindle swing arm that has a first end and a second end. The second end of the spindle swing arm (or another part of the spindle swing arm) can be connected to one end of the spring. In some embodiments, the spring can be an air spring. The predetermined position can be at or near a no-load position. By placing the central torsion axle shaft at or near a no-load position, static force can be removed from the central torsion axle shaft so that it can operate with a greater range of motion and provide for a better riding suspension system. Removing static loads from a torsion axle system also can greatly extend its lifespan. Placing the central torsion axle shaft at or near a no-load position also relieves at least some of the bending loads the central torsion axle shaft is experiencing from the weight of the trailer because now rather than have all of the bending loads received in the rubber torsion axle, the bending loads are also absorbed by the spring. - When a dynamic force is applied to the central torsion axle shaft, the
method 1500 can also include moving with the second end of the spindle swing arm one end of the spring to, at least in part, absorb/dissipate at least some of the force/movement of the spindle arm, at 1504. Because the spring is connected to the spindle swing arm, themethod 1500 reacts to dynamic loads with the spring and the central torsion axle shaft reacting in parallel. - In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clearness, and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific details, the representative embodiments, and illustrative examples shown and described. Thus, this application is intended to embrace alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims.
- Moreover, the description and illustration of the invention is an example and the invention is not limited to the exact details shown or described. References to “the preferred embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “one example”, “an example”, and so on, indicate that the embodiment(s) or example(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation, but that not every embodiment or example necessarily includes that particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element or limitation. Furthermore, repeated use of the phrase “in the preferred embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, though it may.
Claims (20)
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US13/669,778 US8727363B1 (en) | 2012-11-06 | 2012-11-06 | Suspension system having parallel air spring and rubber force reaction |
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US13/669,778 US8727363B1 (en) | 2012-11-06 | 2012-11-06 | Suspension system having parallel air spring and rubber force reaction |
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US20140125029A1 true US20140125029A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
US8727363B1 US8727363B1 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
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US13/669,778 Expired - Fee Related US8727363B1 (en) | 2012-11-06 | 2012-11-06 | Suspension system having parallel air spring and rubber force reaction |
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CN115217879A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-21 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Rear swing arm structure for expanding volume of air spring and assembly method |
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