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US20120102148A1 - Methods and systems for transmission of data over computer networks - Google Patents

Methods and systems for transmission of data over computer networks Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120102148A1
US20120102148A1 US13/341,409 US201113341409A US2012102148A1 US 20120102148 A1 US20120102148 A1 US 20120102148A1 US 201113341409 A US201113341409 A US 201113341409A US 2012102148 A1 US2012102148 A1 US 2012102148A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
data
endpoint
session
endpoints
optimization service
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US13/341,409
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English (en)
Inventor
Alan Arolovitch
Shmuel Bachar
Dror M. Gavish
Shahar G. Grin
Shay Shemer
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Zephyrtel Inc
Original Assignee
PeerApp Ltd USA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US13/341,409 priority Critical patent/US20120102148A1/en
Application filed by PeerApp Ltd USA filed Critical PeerApp Ltd USA
Publication of US20120102148A1 publication Critical patent/US20120102148A1/en
Priority to US14/678,537 priority patent/US10225340B2/en
Assigned to PEERAPP LTD. reassignment PEERAPP LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AROLOVITCH, ALAN, BACHAR, SHMUEL, GAVISH, DROR MOSHE, GRIN, SHAHAR GUY, SHEMER, SHAY
Assigned to PEERAPP SOLUTIONS, INC. reassignment PEERAPP SOLUTIONS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PEERAPP LTD.
Assigned to ZEPHYRTEL, INC. reassignment ZEPHYRTEL, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PEERAPP SOLUTIONS, INC.
Priority to US16/290,775 priority patent/US10841373B2/en
Priority to US16/837,595 priority patent/US11082488B2/en
Priority to US17/351,926 priority patent/US12069129B2/en
Priority to US18/317,908 priority patent/US12126680B2/en
Priority to US18/923,658 priority patent/US20250047742A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/66—Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/16—Multipoint routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/22—Alternate routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/50—Address allocation
    • H04L61/5007—Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/1095—Replication or mirroring of data, e.g. scheduling or transport for data synchronisation between network nodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/14—Session management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/565—Conversion or adaptation of application format or content
    • H04L67/5651—Reducing the amount or size of exchanged application data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
    • H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
    • H04L69/163—In-band adaptation of TCP data exchange; In-band control procedures

Definitions

  • the present application relates generally to transmissions of data over a computer network such as, e.g., the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, a wireless network, and others.
  • a computer network such as, e.g., the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, a wireless network, and others.
  • broadband network operators To respond to network congestion, degradation of application performance, and, the need to continuously upgrade their networks, caused by the broadband growth, broadband network operators have introduced various network optimization solutions and services aimed at controlling their network costs, containing growth of network scale, improving performance and security of Internet applications, and creating new revenue sources for the operators.
  • Such solutions include content caching, video transcoding and transrating, content adaptation, content filtering, intrusion detection and prevention, among others.
  • the network optimization solutions should address the scale requirements of modern broadband networks that frequently operate on 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps scale.
  • Common solution architecture for network-based optimization involves a network optimization platform deployed in conjunction with a network element (e.g., routing, switching or dedicated DPI equipment) that sits in data path and redirects traffic to the network optimization platform.
  • a network element e.g., routing, switching or dedicated DPI equipment
  • Network elements typically employ selective redirection of network traffic, matching types of traffic flows to the network optimization service used.
  • a connection that otherwise would be established between two endpoints ‘A’ and ‘B’ is terminated by proxy ‘P’ and two distinct transport sessions (TCP or UDP) are created between A and P on one hand, and P and B on the other.
  • TCP or UDP transport sessions
  • the proxy architecture carries significant performance penalties due to the need to maintain transport (TCP or UDP) stack for all sessions flowing across the network, to copy data to relay all data at application level, and perform conversion from data frames to application buffers and back,
  • the proxy architecture limits throughput of network optimization applications to 1-2 Gbps per standard Intel-based server, and number of concurrently supported flows to tens of thousands.
  • the performance limitation effectively blocks the network optimization solutions from scaling to 10/40/100 Gbps network scale in an economical fashion.
  • a computer-implemented method for transparently optimizing data transmission between a first endpoint and a second endpoint in a computer network.
  • the endpoints have a directly established data session therebetween.
  • the data session is identified by each endpoint at least to itself in the same way throughout the session.
  • the method includes the steps of: relaying data between the endpoints transparently in the session using a network optimization service; and transparently modifying or storing at least some of the data transmitted from the second endpoint to the first endpoint using the network optimization service in order to optimize data communications between the endpoints, wherein transparently modifying at least some of the data comprises changing the data, replacing the data, or inserting additional data such that the first endpoint receives different data than was sent by the second endpoint.
  • an optimization service for transparently optimizing data transmission between a first endpoint and a second endpoint in a computer network.
  • the endpoints have a directly established data session therebetween.
  • the data session is identified by each endpoint at least to itself in the same way throughout the session.
  • the optimization service is configured to: relay data between the endpoints transparently in the session using a network optimization service; and transparently modify or store at least some of the data transmitted from the second endpoint to the first endpoint using the network optimization service in order to optimize data communications between the endpoints, wherein modification of data comprises changing the data, replacing the data, or inserting additional data such that the first endpoint receives different data than was sent by the second endpoint.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating creation of a session between endpoints in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are simplified diagrams illustrating deployment of an optimization service in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified diagram illustrating deployment of an optimization service operating in a tunnel in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating response caching in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating data modification in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating new request introduction in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified diagram illustrating an exemplary network architecture in accordance with one or more embodiments.
  • Various embodiments disclosed herein are directed to a service for optimizing data transmission in a computer network between endpoints having a directly established session therebetween.
  • the optimization service transparently modifies or stores at least some of the data transmitted between the endpoints or introduces a new request to an endpoint in order to optimize data communications between the endpoints.
  • Each endpoint identifies the session to itself in the same way throughout the session.
  • network node refers to any device, connected to an IP-based network, including, without limitation, computer servers, personal computers (including desktop, notebook, and tablet computers), smart phones, and other network connected devices.
  • endpoint refers to an end point of a bi-directional inter-process communication flow across an IP-based network, residing on a network node connected to such network.
  • Examples of endpoints include, without limitation, TCP sockets, SCTP sockets, UDP sockets, and raw IP sockets.
  • the optimization service operates as part of device involved in relaying of data between network nodes on an IP-based network.
  • devices include, without limitation, residential home gateways, WiFi hotspots, firewalls, routers, Metro Ethernet switches, optical switches, DPI devices, computer servers, application gateways, cable modem termination systems (CMTS), optical line terminals (OLT), broadband network gateways (BNG), broadband access servers (BRAS), DSL. access multiplexers (DRAM), gateway GPRS support nodes (GGSN), and PDN gateways (PGW).
  • two endpoints ‘A’ and ‘B’ on an IP-based computer network e.g., ISP subscriber and Internet-based web server, establish data session ‘S’ between each other.
  • IP-based computer network e.g., ISP subscriber and Internet-based web server
  • the session setup phase involves a TCP session handshake, including negotiation of network and transport parameters.
  • the session S between endpoints A and B involves data queries sent by A to B and, in some cases, data responses sent to B by A.
  • the session may optionally include queries and responses sent by both endpoints.
  • Each respective endpoint typically identifies the data session S with at least a 5-tuple: IP address and port of the local endpoint, IP address and port of the remote endpoint and protocol used (e.g., TCP, UDP, or other).
  • protocol used e.g., TCP, UDP, or other.
  • the definition of the session S by the endpoints A and B may not be identical in case of network address translation (NAT) taking place in the network between A and B.
  • NAT network address translation
  • the endpoints A and B optionally keep track of the data sent and received, by counting bytes and/or frames sent and received.
  • the endpoints A and B may further keep track of the data sent and received by the remote endpoint, for purposes of packet loss detection and retransmission, congestion avoidance, congestion control, among others.
  • the identification of the session S by each respective endpoint does not change throughout the session lifetime.
  • an optimization service ‘C’ creates a transparent endpoint C A facing the endpoint A, that would be appear to endpoint A as endpoint B, at both network and transport levels, as defined by TCP/IP model per RFC1122.
  • the service C may optionally create two transparent endpoints C A and C B , with the endpoint C A appearing to endpoint A as an endpoint B, and the endpoint C B appearing to endpoint B as an endpoint A,
  • the service C creates transparent endpoints per [0035-0036] in only some sessions it processes, with the decision being taken by C based on at least one variable including, e.g., temporal information, ordinal information, frequency information, endpoint identification information, session identification information, network state information, and external policy information.
  • the service C may relay all data frames in the session S between A and B, either by being in data path between the session endpoints, or through use of one or more dedicated redirection devices (e..g., a load balancer, router, DPI device, etc.) that sit in data path and redirect specific data sessions to the service C, as depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B .
  • one or more dedicated redirection devices e.g., a load balancer, router, DPI device, etc.
  • service C may relay only portion of data frames in the session between A and B.
  • the redirection device may redirect the session S to the service C starting from certain frame within the session, using Layer 7 analysis of the session to determine whether the session should be redirected to service C.
  • the service C may do so at a physical level (e.g., by switching data frames from port to port), or at link level (e.g., by changing MAC addresses and/or VLAN tags), or by combination of the above.
  • the service C may optionally perform a network address translation (NAT) of the session it processes.
  • NAT network address translation
  • C is continuously tracking and storing the state of the connection, including all or some variables from the following group:
  • the service C provides data modification and caching services for one or more data sessions S′ between A and B, that traverse the service C in a tunnel established between two endpoints T 1 and T 2 , as illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • Tunnel protocols supported by the service C can include, but are not limited to, L2TP, PPPoE, PPPoA, L2TP, GRE, IP in IP, MPLS, Teredo, 6RD, 6to4, and PMIP.
  • the service C tracks the state of the tunneled session between endpoints T 1 and T 2 , across multiple connections between endpoints A and B that traverse the tunnel.
  • the service C in accordance with various embodiments provides a number of session modification and other capabilities, including (a) data response caching, (b) modification of data queries and data responses (c) introduction of new requests.
  • the service C analyzes the data query to match it with previously stored data responses. To do so, C analyzes the query received from endpoint A based on at least one variable, selected from the group consisting of temporal information, ordinal information, frequency information, client information, and identification information.
  • C delivers the stored response to the endpoint A by itself.
  • the service C does not relay the query to the endpoint B, hut rather responds to the query by itself.
  • the service C relays the query received from endpoint A to endpoint B, receives a response or portion of it from endpoint B, and matches the data query received from endpoint A and the data response, or portion of it, received from endpoint B, against data responses previously stored by C.
  • service C should a matching stored response be identified by the service C, it delivers the stored response, or portion of it, to the endpoint A. In this case, service C blocks relaying of the response received from endpoint B.
  • endpoint B may terminate the data session S on its end or stall delivery of the response.
  • the service C When sending new data frames to endpoints A and B within session S, that were not received from the opposite endpoint, the service C utilizes the IP and port address of the opposite endpoint as well as the session state that is continuously stored by it, as described above in [0042].
  • service C may have relayed N A bytes of data from A to B and N B bytes of data from B to A, where N A and N B can be larger than or equal to zero.
  • Service C keeps track of the sequences of both endpoints A and B and data acknowledged by each endpoint.
  • service C starts delivering its response to endpoint A, it starts sequencing its data with Y o +N B , in continuation of data sequences used by endpoint B earlier, while expecting new data from endpoint A starting from X o +N A , in continuation to sequences sent by endpoint A earlier. It can be said that C initializes an endpoint C A with TCP sequence number Y o +N B and acknowledgement number X o +N A .
  • endpoint A responds by sending back frames with acknowledgment sequence smaller than Y o +N B after service C started sending its own data sequenced Y o +N B and higher.
  • C relays such packets to endpoint B, causing endpoint B to re-transmit the lost packets. In this case, C shall only relay back to endpoint A the data in the range between Y o and Y o +N B .
  • the service C when sending its own data (i.e., not data received from the other endpoint) to endpoint B, the service C utilizes the current state of endpoint A within session S, as seen by service C.
  • sequencing of sent and received data done by service C in 0054-0059 applies equally to TCP-like semantics based on individual bytes of data as well as other semantics, including but not limited to sequencing of individual frames exchanged between the two endpoints.
  • Service C can apply same method of sequencing data as described in [[0054-0059], to multiple protocol layers within same session, including but not limited to TCP/IP session over PPP and PPP-like protocols, TCP/IP session over UDP/IP tunnel etc., session created in IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel, utilizing the data stored using mufti-level session tracking as described above in [0043-0044].
  • the service C transparently creates a transport endpoint C A (e.g., TCP/IP UDP/IP socket), allowing it to deal with packet loss and retransmission, congestion detection and avoidance, and other aspects of transport data transmission, as done by the endpoints A and B.
  • a transport endpoint C A e.g., TCP/IP UDP/IP socket
  • Service C may create a single endpoint C A facing endpoint A, or a pair of endpoints C A and C B , facing A and B respectively.
  • the endpoint C A facing endpoint A hall have an address of an opposite endpoint B (IP address IP B and port P B per [0054]) and the transport state of endpoint B as stored by service C as a result of session tracking prior to creation of endpoint C A .
  • the endpoint C B shall have the attributes of endpoint A (IP address IP A and port P A ).
  • the service C stores data queries and data responses as they are relayed between endpoints A and B, without becoming a transport-level endpoint.
  • the service C may retrieve the data responses from one of the endpoints, or receive it from another data source.
  • the service C may respond to data queries from both endpoints A and B.
  • the service C responds to data queries from endpoints A and/or B, based on at least one variable from the following group: configuration information, temporal information, frequency information, ordinal information, system load information, network state information, client information and identification information.
  • endpoint A sends query QA 1 to endpoint B to which service C responds by sending previously stored response RC 1 .
  • endpoint A Upon receiving response RC 1 , endpoint A sends another data query QA 2 . If service C does not have a matching response to the query QA 2 stored, it relays the query to endpoint B, receives response RB 2 and relays it to endpoint A.
  • service C modifies sequences of sent and received data when relaying data between A and B, in both directions.
  • endpoint A may initiate another query QA 3 , which can be replied to by service C, using previously stored response RC 3 .
  • service C may alternate between responding to endpoint queries from one or both endpoints, and relaying queries and responses between two endpoints.
  • the service C modifies data queries and/or data responses as relayed between two endpoints A and B, as illustrated by way of example in FIG. 5 .
  • service C does not utilize a transport endpoint for purposes of sending the modified data, but rather continues to track the transport state of endpoint A and B and relies on the sending endpoint to re-send the data in case of packet loss.
  • service C may need to change protocol checksums of the frames to reflect the new payload.
  • the packet loss of the modified data may occur between C and B.
  • service C relays the data frames reflecting such loss from B to A, causing endpoint A to retransmit the lost frames and service C to re-apply modification again.
  • C tracks the re-transmitted frames using the stored session status information and re-applies the modification again.
  • service C to deliver modified data to endpoint B, creates a new transport endpoint C B facing endpoint B.
  • Such endpoint C B utilizes IP address IP A and port P A of endpoint A, and relays the modified data in continuation of the frames previously relayed from endpoint A to endpoint B.
  • service C may optionally create an endpoint C A to facilitate communication with endpoint A, for example, for purposes of receiving data responses from it.
  • the endpoint C A utilizes IP address IP B and port P B of opposite endpoint B, and communicates with endpoint B in continuation of the frames previously relayed from endpoint B to endpoint A.
  • service C may fall back to relaying frames between A and B, while making necessary adjustments for sequences of sent and received data, as described in [0069-0071].
  • service C modifies data queries and/or responses relayed from endpoint A to endpoint B, as part of negotiation of endpoint capabilities, in order to affect format, protocol, or other attribute of session S.
  • service C modifies parameters of a data query sent by endpoint A to negate a capability reported by endpoint A. For example, service C may modify the capability to receive a response in a compressed format reported by A, causing the opposite endpoint B to transmit its response in a compressed format.
  • Service C subsequently receives the compressed response RB 10 , modifies it by decompressing the payload and delivers to endpoint A in a modified form, resulting in optimization of network between B and C and improved performance.
  • service C modifies response RB 11 received from endpoint B, including but not limited to rendering of the textual data in different format, image adaptation to endpoint device capabilities, change in video quality, and transcoding of audio and/or video data into different format, among others.
  • the modification of responses as described in [0084] can be done for a number of purposes, including improving utilization of network resources between the service C and the endpoint receiving the modified data, adapting the data responses to the endpoint application capabilities, improving application performance, among others.
  • the service C may modify data responses relayed between endpoints A and B, that pertain to data items or portions of data items available at one of or both endpoints, e.g., as utilized in peer-to-peer protocols like Bittorrent, eDonkey, and others.
  • the service C may introduce new requests to endpoint A and/or endpoint B within session S, in addition and/or instead of queries sent by respective endpoints, as depicted in FIG. 6 .
  • the service C may utilize an endpoint approach to transmission of new queries and reception of responses from endpoints A and B, as described in [0035-0037] and [0054-0059].
  • the service C combines caching of responses and response modification, introduction of new requests with response caching, and relaying of data between endpoints in the same session S.
  • the service C modifies data availability responses in combination with as reported by one or both endpoints to improve the cache hit ratio of service C by including in it such data items (or portions of items) that are stored by the service C, and/or excluding such data items (or portions of item) that are not.
  • the service C modifies the data availability information as reported by one or both endpoints to force the endpoints to transfer such data items (or portions of items) that are currently not stored by the service C, as a way to populate the cache managed by the service C.
  • the service C modifies data queries between endpoint A and endpoint B to disable use of end-to-end encryption, to allow subsequent caching of data responses.
  • the service C stores modified data responses as delivered by it to the endpoints, and may retrieve a stored copy of modified data response, rather than perform the modification on the fly.
  • the service C may deliver a data response stored through response caching mechanism as described above, if the stored copy of data response matches the needs for modification,
  • the service C may utilize a stored copy of a data response, stored through a response storing mechanism as described above, as an input for data modification, rather than allowing the full data response to be delivered from the endpoint B.
  • the service C may introduce new requests into session S, in order to trigger endpoints responses needed for optimal response caching.
  • Such data responses may include, but are not limited to, missing portions of content objects already stored in service C, content objects that have been identified as popular, however have not been stored by service C yet, content objects associated with other objects known to the service C (e.g., objects referenced by HTML page or additional playback levels for adaptive bitrate video etc.).
  • a system for transparent modification of at least one data communications session between two endpoints A and B, in a way that requires endpoints A and B establish a data session between each other first, which includes at least one node of an IP network, designed and configured to provide at least one of services (a) to (c), as described above.
  • the optimization system can reside in single or multiple service provider networks, dedicated hosting location, datacenters, and enterprise or at residential premises as described in FIG. 7 below.
  • the system comprises multiple components in different physical locations.
  • multiple systems can reside in the data path of same connection S between two endpoints A and B in series.
  • the optimization service can operate at the same network node, on which one of the endpoints resides.
  • multiple optimization services can operate in series, as illustrated in FIG. 7 .
  • multiple optimization services can operate in parallel., e.g., as part of load balancing of sessions done by redirecting device.
  • multiple instances of optimization services can operate in series and/or in parallel, wherein each instance of optimization carries out different and/or same data modification and storing operations.
  • multiple instances of optimization services can operate in series and/or in parallel, wherein each instance of optimization carries out different data modification and storing operations, in coordination with one another.
  • the processes of the optimization service described above may be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof.
  • the processes are preferably implemented in one or more computer programs executing on a programmable device including a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including, e.g., volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), and input and output devices.
  • Each computer program can be a set of instructions (program code) in a code module resident in the random access memory of the device.
  • the set of instructions may be stored in another computer memory (e.g., in a hard disk drive, or in a removable memory such as an optical disk, external hard drive, memory card, or flash drive) or stored on another computer system and downloaded via the Internet or other network.
  • the optimization service may comprise one or more physical machines, or virtual machines running on one or more physical machines.
  • the optimization service may comprise a duster of computers or numerous distributed computers that are connected by the Internet or another network.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Computer And Data Communications (AREA)
US13/341,409 2010-12-30 2011-12-30 Methods and systems for transmission of data over computer networks Abandoned US20120102148A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/341,409 US20120102148A1 (en) 2010-12-30 2011-12-30 Methods and systems for transmission of data over computer networks
US14/678,537 US10225340B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2015-04-03 Optimizing data transmission between a first endpoint and a second endpoint in a computer network
US16/290,775 US10841373B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2019-03-01 Optimizing data transmission between a first endpoint and a second endpoint in a computer network
US16/837,595 US11082488B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2020-04-01 Optimizing data transmission between a first endpoint and a second endpoint in a computer network
US17/351,926 US12069129B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2021-06-18 Optimizing data transmission between a first endpoint and a second endpoint in a computer network
US18/317,908 US12126680B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2023-05-15 Optimizing data transmission between a first endpoint and a second endpoint in a computer network
US18/923,658 US20250047742A1 (en) 2010-12-30 2024-10-22 Optimizing Data Transmission between a First Endpoint and a Second Endpoint in a Computer Network

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US201061428527P 2010-12-30 2010-12-30
US13/341,409 US20120102148A1 (en) 2010-12-30 2011-12-30 Methods and systems for transmission of data over computer networks

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US14/678,537 Continuation US10225340B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2015-04-03 Optimizing data transmission between a first endpoint and a second endpoint in a computer network

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US13/341,409 Abandoned US20120102148A1 (en) 2010-12-30 2011-12-30 Methods and systems for transmission of data over computer networks
US14/678,537 Active US10225340B2 (en) 2010-12-30 2015-04-03 Optimizing data transmission between a first endpoint and a second endpoint in a computer network
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CN103548307B (zh) 2018-05-29
WO2012092586A2 (en) 2012-07-05
US20150358405A1 (en) 2015-12-10
WO2012092586A3 (en) 2013-01-17
EP3518504B1 (de) 2020-09-16
US12069129B2 (en) 2024-08-20
US10841373B2 (en) 2020-11-17
EP2659623A2 (de) 2013-11-06
US10225340B2 (en) 2019-03-05
JP6035248B2 (ja) 2016-11-30
US20210314401A1 (en) 2021-10-07
EP2659623B1 (de) 2019-03-20
EP2659623A4 (de) 2017-07-19
US20200236166A1 (en) 2020-07-23
US12126680B2 (en) 2024-10-22
US20250047742A1 (en) 2025-02-06
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US20230283662A1 (en) 2023-09-07

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