US20110017513A1

US20110017513A1 - Drilling unit, method for slot drilling and slotting device

Info

Publication number: US20110017513A1
Application number: US12/935,793
Authority: US
Inventors: Maunu Mänttäri
Original assignee: Sandvik Mining and Construction Oy
Current assignee: Sandvik Mining and Construction Oy
Priority date: 2008-04-03
Filing date: 2008-04-03
Publication date: 2011-01-27
Also published as: JP5167404B2; EP2257687A1; AU2008353952A1; WO2009122001A1; CA2714983A1; ZA201006643B; AU2008353952B2; CA2714983C; JP2011516760A; CN101981269A

Abstract

A slotting device (100) to be used with a rock drilling apparatus (1) to drill closely together a plurality of parallel intersecting holes so as to form a slot in a brittle material, such as rock, masonry or concrete. The slotting device (100) includes a guide portion (110) connected to a body portion (120) with at least one strut (130). The guide portion (110) is disposed in a previously drilled hole, and the body portion (120) and a rotary percussion tool (7) mutually define a variable volume chamber (140) that contains flushing fluid that damps transmission of impact stress waves from a percussion device (4) of the drilling apparatus (1) to the slotting device (100).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a drilling unit and method for slot drilling and a slotting device. In the slot drilling a plurality of holes are drilled closely together so as to form a slot in a rock material. A slot may be formed in a rock surface or into rock mass by drilling a plurality of holes in the surface at a pitch substantially equal to the diameter of the holes. In the slot drilling a special slotting device is needed for guiding the drilling tool along a previously drilled hole. The object of the invention is disclosed more closely in the preambles of the independent claims.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Slot drilling is a method used in underground and surface mining. In the slot drilling holes are successively drilled very close to each other and when a new hole is drilled next to a previously drilled hole, the wall of rock between the holes is broken. In this manner, a continuous slot is formed by the holes as they are successively drilled. Such continuous slots i.e. elongated voids can be used in the surface blasting to protect buildings near a blasting site. In this manner propagation of the shock waves outside the blasting site is prevented. In the underground mining elongated voids or slots can be drilled in solid rock for example in a tunnel face in order to form a primary open space whereto a broken rock material can expand in blasting. This is needed e.g. in stope opening or drifting.
When a single hole is drilled into rock, the fully circumferential wall of the hole remains intact and radial forces acting from the wall of the hole on the drill bit tend to cancel each other. However, in the slot drilling, when a plurality of holes are formed in a row so as to form a slot, the wall of rock between a previously drilled hole and a new hole being drilled is broken as the new hole is being drilled, and the radial forces acting from the partially circumferential wall of the new hole on the drill bit result in a net force that is directed toward the previously drilled hole.
Therefore, the drill bit as it drills the new hole tends to be displaced radially off a desired course under the combination of radial forces thus applied. To prevent the drill bit from being displaced, it has been a conventional practice to use a guide rod supported parallel to the drill rod and having a diameter, which is substantially the same as or slightly smaller than the diameter of holes to be formed. Before a new hole is drilled, the guide rod is inserted into a previously drilled hole next to the position of the new hole so as to stabilize the support for the drill rod. By placing the guide rod in the previously drilled hole, the support for the drill rod is prevented from shifting position even when large radial forces are imposed on the drill rod as it drills the new hole.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,690,184 discloses a rock drilling unit for slot drilling. The drilling unit includes a guide rod fixed to a support for the drill rod at the front end of the feeding beam, whereby the guide rod extends to the front of the feeding beam. Thus, the drilling unit is designed only for slot drilling.
WO 99/45 237 discloses a slotting device, which includes a down-hole rock drilling machine inside a body portion of the slotting device and a parallel guide tube arranged by means of a strut to the body portion. One disadvantage of the disclosed slotting device is that stress waves generated by a percussion device of the drilling machine are transmitted not only to a tool but also to the body structure and to the guide tube. The stress waves may cause serious damages to the body and the guide of the slotting device. This said disadvantage concerns especially top hammer applications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved drilling unit and method for slot drilling and further a new and improved slotting device.
The drilling unit of the invention is characterized in that between the body portion of the slotting device and the tool there is at lest one axial volume chamber containing fluid so as to dampen transmission of the impact stress waves from the percussion device to the slotting device.
The slotting device of the invention is characterized in that the slotting device is provided with at least one axial volume chamber between the body portion and the tool; and wherein the slotting device comprises at least one flow channel for directing fluid into the chamber, whereby the fluid in the chamber is arranged to transmit axial forces from the tool to the body portion.
The method of the invention is characterized in that it comprises the steps of transmitting the feed force to the body of the slotting device in the drilling direction by means of fluid in at lest one axial volume chamber between the tool and the body portion; and dampening transmission of the impact stress waves from the percussion device to the slotting device by means of the fluid in the at least one axial volume chamber.
According to the present invention the slotting device comprises an axial volume chamber that contains flushing fluid so as to dampen transmission of the impact stress waves from a percussion device to the slotting device. Accordingly, impact stress waves are transmitted to a tool, but their transmission to a slotting device attached to the tool is damped. Further, during drilling feed force in the drilling direction is transmitted to the body of the slotting device by means of fluid.
An advantage of the invention is that in normal drilling situation there is an axial gap in drilling direction between the mechanical counter surfaces of the tool and the body of the slotting device, whereby the energy of the stress waves generated by a percussion device are not transmitted to the body and to the guide of the slotting device. Thanks to this, stress waves do not damage the structure of the slotting device and the operating life of the slotting device may longer.
It is the idea of an embodiment that the slotting device is a dismountable auxiliary device connected to a shank of the rock drilling machine or to a drill rod connected to the shank. This being so, the slotting device can be easily connected and disconnected to a standard rock drilling machine according to the need. When the slotting device is disconnected, the rock drilling machine can be used in drilling normal single holes.
It is the idea of an embodiment that fluid is provided to flush drilling waste from a hole being drilled. Preferably, the fluid flows through an axial volume chamber that is defined between a body portion of a slotting device and the tool, and the flushing fluid damps transmission to the slotting device of impact stress waves generated by a percussion device.
It is the idea of an embodiment that the slotting device is capable of dislodging itself in the event the slotting device becomes jammed in the slot.
It is the idea of an embodiment that the slotting device provides valve means regulating a flow of fluid through the axial volume chamber. The valve means restricts the fluid flow thereby increasing fluid pressure and providing additional force to move the slotting device if it becomes jammed.
It is the idea of an embodiment that the guide portion comprises a tube that is spaced from and parallel to the body portion. Further the tube may comprise a cutout in which an edge of the bit may rotate. This eliminates the risk that the drill bit comes in contact with the tube.
It is the idea of an embodiment that the guide portion comprises at least one elongated guiding flange extending longitudinally along a peripheral surface of the guide portion. These elongated guide flanges ensure that the distance of the hole being drilled is correct in relation to the previous hole.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following the invention will be described in greater detail by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which

FIG. 1 a is a schematic illustration of a rock drilling rig;

FIG. 1 b is a schematic illustration of a rock drilling unit;

FIGS. 2 a-2 c are schematic illustrations showing how a slot is formed by successively drilling closely together a plurality of holes;

FIG. 3 is a first perspective view of a first embodiment of a slotting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the slotting device shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a partial cross-section view of the slotting device shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a partial cross-section detail view of an area indicated in FIG. 5 and showing a first condition of the slotting device shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-section detail view similar to FIG. 6 but showing a second condition of the slotting device shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 8 is a second perspective view of the slotting device shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration showing a second embodiment of a slotting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is cross-section view taken along line X-X in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a cross-section view taken along line XI-XI in FIG. 10; and

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of a hold device through which the slotting device can be pushed.

In the Figures, some embodiments are shown in a simplified manner for the sake of clarity. In the Figures, like parts are denoted with like reference numerals.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 a is a schematic illustration of a rock drilling rig 1, that includes a boom 2, at the end of which there is a rock drilling unit 60. The rock drilling unit 60, which is shown more detailed in FIG. 1 b, comprises a feed beam 3 with a rock drilling machine 6 including a percussion device 4 and possibly a rotating device 5. In general, the percussion device 4 comprises a percussion piston that is operated by a pressure medium, and strikes the upper end of a tool 7 or a connecting piece arranged between the tool 7 and the percussion device 4, such as a drill shank 61. Naturally, it is possible to generate impact pulses in the percussion device 4 in some other manner, for example electrically or without a reciprocating striking piston. The proximal end of the tool 7 is connected to the rock drilling machine 6 by means of the shank 61, and at the distal end of the tool 7 there is a fixed or detachable bit 8 for breaking rock. Typically, the bit 8 is a drill bit with buttons 8 a, but other bit structures are also possible. The rotating device 5 may transmit to the tool 7 continuous rotating force to cause the bit 8 connected to the tool 7 to change its position after an impact of the percussion device 4 and with a subsequent impact strikes a new spot in the rock. The rock drilling machine 6 is arranged movably on the feed beam 3 in drilling direction D and in reverse direction R and during drilling the tool 7 is thrust with a feeding device 9 against the rock 62. The feeding device 9 can be for example a pressure-medium-operated cylinder. When deep holes are drilled, i.e. in so-called extension rod drilling, drill rods 10 a, 10 b, 10 c (the number of which depends on the depth of the hole to be drilled and which constitute the tool 7) are arranged between the bit 8 and the drilling machine 6. The drilling machine 6 may comprise a flushing device 11 for supplying a flushing fluid through the tool 7 and the bit 8 to a bored drill hole so as to flush loose drilling waste there from. For the sake of clarity, FIG. 1 a does not show the flushing channels of the tool 7. The rock drilling rig 1 may also be provided with at least one control unit 63 for controlling the drilling. Further, at the outermost end section of the feed beam 3 there may be a holding device 64 through which the tool 7 is arranged. The hold 64 includes means for supporting the tool 7 during drilling. There may be also a drilling component magazine 65 for storing drilling components such as drill bits 8, slotting devices and drilling rods 10. The component magazine 65 may be provided with a manipulator for transferring drilling components between the drilling axis and the magazine. Thereby drilling components, such as the slotting device, can be connected and disconnected to the drilling machine according to the need.
Referring more particularly to FIG. 1 b, a feed pump 12 drives the feeding device 9, an impact pump 13 drives the percussion device 4, and a rotation pump 14 drives the rotating device 5. The pumps 12, 13, 14 supply pressurized fluid, preferably hydraulic oil, to the respective dedicated devices 9, 4, 5 that they drive. The pumps 12, 13, 14 are disposed along supply conduits 15, 16, 17 respectively connected to the devices 9, 4, 5 and through which pressurized fluid is supplied to the devices in the direction indicated by arrows A. Alternatively the needed pressure fluid is supplied from one single pump to the devices. The fluid is returned from the devices 9, 4, 5 along respective return conduits 18, 19, 20 in the direction indicated by arrows B back to a tank. The drilling machine 6 also comprises a flushing pump 21 that is disposed along a supply conduit 22 that is connected to the flushing device 11. A flushing agent, which is typically water, is supplied to the flushing device 11 in the direction of arrow A.
The feed pump 12, impact pump 13, rotation pump 14 and flushing pump 21 are typically driven by motors 12 a, 13 a, 14 a, 21 a, respectively. For the sake of clarity, FIG. 1 b does not show control valves used for the control of the devices 4, 5, 9 and 11. The structure and operation of the rock drilling rig 1 and machine 6 are known per se to the person skilled in the art, and therefore they are not discussed here in greater detail.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 a-2 c, a slot S is formed in a rock surface by drilling a plurality of holes at a pitch substantially equal to the diameter of the holes. Since the holes are successively drilled very closely to each other, when a new hole is drilled next to a previously drilled hole, the wall of rock between these holes is broken. In this manner, a slot is formed along the holes as they are successively drilled.
As shown in FIG. 2 a, when a single hole 50 is drilled in a rock surface, the fully circumferential wall 50 a of the hole 50 is left intact. The radial forces F (four of which are shown in FIG. 2 a) acting from the wall 50 a on the drill bit cancel each other, and the sum of the radial forces F is negligible. However, as shown in FIG. 2 b, when a new hole 52 is drilled adjacent to the previously drilled hole 50 so as to form a slot, a partition 51 of rock between the previously drilled hole 50 and the hole 52 being drilled is broken (this is indicated with a broken line in FIG. 2 b). Consequently, the broken partition 51 does not provide a radial force −F, and the sum of radial forces F acting on the drill bit do not cancel each other. Instead, there is a resultant force directed toward the previously drilled hole 50 and, as the new hole 52 is drilled, the drill bit tends to be displaced radially off from its desired course, i.e., parallel and intersecting the previously drilled hole 50.
Referring now to FIG. 2 c, the utilization of a slotting device 100 according to the present invention will be described. The hole 50 is initially drilled with a normal drill bit. Thereafter, the slotting device 100 is fitted to the rock drilling machine 6, and the holes 52 and 54 are successively drilled. When hole 52 is being drilled, it is parallel to and intersects previously drilled hole 50, and when hole 54 is being drilled, it is parallel to and intersects previously drilled hole 52. After completing hole 54, the tool 7 including the bit 8 is withdrawn and positioned such that a guide portion 110 of the slotting device 100 will extend into the previously drilled hole 54. A body portion 120 of the slotting device 100, which is fitted with respect to the tool 7 and connected to the guide portion 100 by at least one strut 130, maintains the desired course for the new hole being drilled.
The guide portion 110 may be provided with one or more longitudinally extending elongated guiding flanges 112 a, 112 b. Preferably, the guiding flanges 112 a, 112 b are disposed on the peripheral surface of the guide portion and are positioned on either side of the broken partition between the two previously drilled holes 52, 54. The guiding flanges 112 a, 112 b facilitate locating the guide portion 110 in the previously drilled hole 54, particularly with regard to the absence that results from the broken partition. Alternatively, a single flange that extends on the peripheral surface of the guide portion 110 beyond the opposite ends of the broken partition may also facilitate locating the guide portion 110 in the previously drilled hole.
Referring now to FIGS. 3-8, a first preferred embodiment of the slotting device 100 are described in detail. Preferably, the guide portion 110, which is to be disposed in a previously drilled hole, is tubular and extends longitudinally between a tapered leading edge 114 and a trailing end 116, which may also be tapered to facilitate extraction of the guide portion from the previously drilled hole. A cutout 118 may be provided so as to avoid contact between the guide portion 110 and the bit 8 as it works in the hole being drilled. As was previously described, the guiding flanges 112 a, 112 b may be disposed on the peripheral surface of the guide portion 110.
The slotting device 100 comprises one or more struts 130 for connecting the guide portion 110 to the body portion 120. The strut 130 provide a structural link to convey movement of the body portion 120 to the guide portion 110, i.e., the guide portion 110 is displaced in the previously drilled hole in response to movement of the body portion 120. Thus, the connection between the guide portion 110 of the slotting device 100 and the rock drilling apparatus 1 is, preferably, solely via the strut 130 and the body portion 120 of the slotting device 100.
The body portion 120 of the slotting device 100 is disposed in the hole being drilled, and is coupled to the tool 7 via a mutually defined axial volume chamber 140 that contains flushing fluid to damp transmission of the impact stress waves from the percussion device 4 to the slotting device 100.
The body portion 120 includes a sleeve 122 that defines a bore 124 in which extends the tool 7. The bore 124 includes a first diameter portion 124 a, a second diameter portion 124 b that is smaller than the first diameter portion 124 a, a shoulder portion 124 c that extends between and couples the first and second diameter portions 124 a, 124 b, and a third diameter portion 124 d that is smaller than the second diameter portion 124 b. The portion of the tool 7 that extends through the bore 124 includes a piston portion 7 a and a rod portion 7 b, which is proximal to the bit 8. Preferably, the piston and rod portions 7 a, 7 b are mechanically coupled between the drill rods 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, if any, and the bit 8; but may alternatively be integrally formed as part of the tool 7. Thus, the impact stress waves generated by the percussion device 4 are transmitted via a direct mechanical coupling, i.e., via the tool 7 including the piston and rod portions 7 a, 7 b, to the bit 8.
The first diameter portion 124 a of the bore 124 slidingly receives the piston portion 7 a of the tool 7, and the second diameter portion 124 b of the bore receives the rod portion 7 b of the tool 7. Thus, the variable axial volume chamber 140 has an annular shape that is defined radially between the first diameter portion 124 a of the bore 124 and the rod portion 7 b of the tool 7, and is defined axially between the piston portion 7 a of the tool 7 and the shoulder portion 124 c of the bore 124. Preferably, flushing fluid is prevented from flowing between first diameter portion 124 a and the piston portion 7 a, such as with a seal 126.
The variable volume chamber 140 may contain flushing fluid, which is supplied via a flow passage 142 that connects a first internal passageway 144 that extends through the tool 7 and a second internal passageway 146 that also extends through the tool 7. With respect to the bit 8, the first internal passageway 144 is distally disposed, and the second internal passageway 146 is proximally disposed. Preferably, the second internal passageway 146 provides flushing fluid flow to the bit 8. The flow passage 142 includes an axial flow passage 142 a, a first generally radial flow passage 142 b, and a second generally radial flow passage 142 c. The axial flow passage 142 a is disposed radially between the rod portion 7 b of the tool 7 and the second diameter portion 124 b of the bore 124. The first generally radial flow passage 142 b connects the first internal passageway 144 of the tool 7 to a first axial end of the axial flow passage 142 a, and a second generally radial flow passage 142 c connects a second axial end of the axial flow passage 142 a to the second internal passageway 146 of the tool 7. The first and second generally radial flow passages 142 b, 142 c may extend obliquely or perpendicularly with respect to the axial flow passage 142 a and to the first and second internal passageways 144, 146.
The third diameter portion 124 d of the bore 124 in the sleeve 122 slidingly receives the rod portion 7 b of the tool 7. Preferably, flushing fluid is prevented from flowing between third diameter portion 124 d and the rod portion 7 b, such as with a seal.
In FIG. 6 is shown a first relationship between the body portion 120 of the slotting device 100 and the tool 7. Flushing fluid is supplied to the variable volume chamber 140 via the first generally radial flow passage 142 b. The flushing fluid contained in the variable volume chamber 140 serves to damp transmission to the slotting device 100 of impact stress waves generated by the percussion device 4 of the rock drilling apparatus 1. Specifically, the impact stress waves generated by the percussion device 4 are transmitted through the tool 7, but the slotting device 100 is generally isolated from the impact stress waves by virtue of the coupling via the flushing fluid contained in the axial volume chamber 140. Because of the fluid in the axial volume chamber 140 there is a gap G between the pressure surfaces 70 and 71, whereby there is no mechanical axial contact between the tool 7 and the sleeve 122. Additional flushing fluid continues to flow from the first internal passageway 144, via the first generally radial flow passage 142 b, the axial flow passage 142 a and the second generally radial flow passage 142 c, to the second internal passageway 146, through the bit 8 and into the hole being drilled.
The slotting device 100 is advanced, i.e., the guide portion 110 is displaced in the previously drilled hole and the body portion 120 is displaced along with the tool 7, in accordance with the operation of the feeding device 9 and the flow of the flushing fluid along the tool 7 that fills the axial volume chamber 140. The flushing fluid in the axial volume chamber 140 affects on the first and second working pressures surfaces 70 and 72 generating a force in drilling direction D and further on a third working pressure surface 71 generating a force in reverse direction R. Thus the fluid transfers the force that is supplied from the feeding device 9, via the piston portion 7 a of the tool 7, to the sleeve 122 of the body portion 120, via the working pressure surfaces 70, 72, and on to the guide portion 110 via the strut 130. But the flushing fluid contained in the axial volume chamber 140 damps transmission to the slotting device 100 of impact stress waves generated by the percussion device 4 of the rock drilling apparatus 1.
In FIG. 7 is shown a second relationship between the body portion 120 of the slotting device 100 and the tool 7. In the event that the slotting device 100 becomes jammed, e.g., the guide portion 110 becomes stuck in the previously drilled hole, a second relationship develops. Resistance to the slotting device 100 advancing, in combination with the operation of the feeding device 9, causes flushing fluid flow through the axial flow passage 142 a to be restricted by virtue of the third diameter portion 124 d at least partially closing the second generally radial flow passage 142 c. This raises fluid pressure in the axial volume chamber 140, and thus increases the force acting to dislodge the slotting device 100. At the extreme of the second relationship, the second generally radial flow passage 142 c is completely closed and the flow of flushing fluid is blocked, which can be detected by the control unit 63 or the operator of the rock drilling rig 1, and the tool 7 and slotting device 100 can be extracted from their respective holes.
Preferably, the first generally radial flow passage 142 b feeds into the variable volume chamber 140 during the first relationship between the body portion 120 of the slotting device 100 and the tool 7 of the rock drilling apparatus 1. As the piston portion 7 a of the tool 7 is displaced relative to the sleeve 122 of the body portion 120 during the second relationship between the body portion 120 and the tool 7, the first generally radial flow passage 142 b may feed into the axial flow passage 142 a rather than the variable volume chamber 140, thus the primary flow of flushing fluid bypasses the variable volume chamber 140, which is also reduced in capacity. The reduced capacity of the variable axial volume chamber 140 enhances the ability to increase the fluid pressure for dislodging the slotting device 100, and by limiting flushing fluid communication between the variable volume chamber 140 and the flow passage 142, the flushing fluid provides less damping whereby impact stress waves generated by the percussion device 4 may be transmitted to the slotting device 100 to assist in dislodging the guide portion 110 with respect to the previously drilled hole.
Thus, the third diameter portion 124 d and the second generally radial flow passage 142 c act like a valve to automatically control the position of the sleeve 122 with respect to the tool 7, thereby automatically reacting to feeding resistance of the guide portion 110. When the guide portion is jammed in the previously drilled hole, the flow through the slotting device is blocked and the fluid pressure is increased. This can be monitored by means of one or more pressure sensor. Measuring results can be transmitted from the sensor to the control unit 63 including a control strategy. When a predetermined pressure limit is exceeded the control unit 63 may stop drilling and reverse the feed direction of the drilling machine.
Referring now to FIGS. 9-11, a second preferred embodiment of the slotting device 100 is described. The same reference numbers are used to indicate substantially identical features in both preferred embodiments, and no further explanation will be given.
Whereas the variable volume chamber 140 of the first preferred embodiment is in the shape of an annulus, with the tool 7 defining the piston portion 7 a, the variable volume chamber 140 a according to the second preferred embodiment has a generally cylindrical shape with a sleeve portion 122 and a dampening piston 128 disposed within a flow passage 142 that extends through the tool 7. The flow passage 142 includes at least one axial flow passage 142 a (four are shown in FIG. 10), a first generally radial flow passage 142 b, and a second generally radial flow passage 142 c. The first generally radial flow passage 142 b connects a first portion of the flow passage 142 to a first axial end of the axial flow passage 142 a, and the second generally radial flow passage 142 c connects a second axial end of the axial flow passage 142 a to the second portion of the flow passage 142 through the tool 7.
The piston 128 includes an interior portion 128 a, an exterior portion 128 b, and at least one coupling portion 128 c. The exterior portion 128 b may comprise two halves the inner surfaces of which include protrusions for forming coupling portions 128 c, and wherein the halves are arranged against each other and coupled with the interior portion 128 a for example by screw joints. Each coupling portion 128 c defines a web that extends between and fixes together the interior and exterior portions 128 a, 128 b of the piston 128. The interior portion 128 a defines a first working pressure surface 80 affecting in drilling direction D and a second working pressure surface 81 affecting in reverse direction R when pressure fluid is arranged to flow through the slotting device 100. During the first relationship, the same pressure affects to the working pressure surfaces 80, 81 having the same surface area, whereby forces affecting the piston 128 are in equilibrium and the piston is positioned in its middle position. The exterior portion 128 b slidingly receives the tool 7 and contiguously engages the sleeve portion 122 during the first relationship between the slotting device 100 and the tool 7. There are axial gaps G in drilling direction D and in reverse direction R between the tool 7 and the damping piston 128 so as to prevent mechanical axial contact between them.
When the feeding resistance of the guide portion 110 increases the dampening piston 128 moves in reverse direction R in relation to the tool 7, as shown in FIG. 11. During the second relationship between the slotting device 100 and the tool 7, the flushing fluid flow through the axial flow passage 142 a is restricted by virtue of the piston 128 at least partially closing the first generally radial flow passage 142 b. Because of this, the fluid pressure affecting on the first working pressure surface 80 increases and the fluid pressure affecting on the second working pressure surface 81 decreases, whereby a greater force is generated towards the drilling direction D. The piston 128 also restricts the fluid flow in case the piston 128 moves in drilling direction D in relation to the tool 7. This situation may take place when drilling downwards. Thus, the dampening piston 128 automatically adjusts the feed force transmitted to the guide portion 110.
During the normal slot drilling the dampening piston 128 is not in mechanical axial contact with the tool 7. Forces affecting on the pressure working surfaces 80, 81 of the piston 128 ensure that no axial mechanical surfaces between the tool 7 and the piston 128 are against each other. The feed force is transmitted to the piston 128 by means of the fluid in the axial volume chamber 140 a. Thereby the transmission of stress pulses to the slotting device is dampened.
Let it be mentioned that it is possible to conduct any other fluid than flushing fluid to one or more axial volume chamber of the slotting device. The fluid can be for example hydraulic fluid led from the feed pump 12, the impact pump 13 or the rotation pump 14. In this embodiment the tool 7 has to be provided with a special fluid channel and an axial volume chamber separated from the flushing system.
FIG. 12 shows a hold device 64 having an opening 66 through which the slotting device 100 can be pushed. Dimensions and form of the opening 66 is designed according to a cross sectional profile of the slotting device 100, whereby it includes two intersecting minor openings. The opening 66 may be provided with a flexible sealing material 67 such as rubber and having several cuts 68 for facilitating the penetration.
It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as the technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A rock drilling unit for slot drilling, comprising

a feed beam,

a rock drilling machine arranged on the feed beam, and comprising a percussion device and a flushing device,

a tool connected to the rock drilling machine,

and wherein the percussion device is arranged to produce impact stress waves directed to the tool, and the flushing device is arranged to supply flushing fluid through the tool for flushing drilling waste from a hole being drilled,

a feeding device, which is arranged to move the drilling machine on the feed beam and to feed the tool in the hole being drilled,

a slotting device connected to the rock drilling machine and comprising a guide portion, a body portion and at least one strut extending between and coupling the guide portion and body portion, and wherein the guide portion is disposed in a previously drilled hole, and wherein the tool is arranged slidingly through the body portion,

and between the body portion of the slotting device and the tool there is at lest one axial volume chamber containing fluid so as to dampen transmission of the impact stress waves from the percussion device to the slotting device.

2. The rock drilling unit according to claim 1, wherein

the axial volume chamber is connected to the flushing device by means of at least one flow channel, and

the axial volume chamber contains flushing fluid.

3. The rock drilling unit according to claim 1, wherein

the slotting device is a dismountable auxiliary device connected to a shank of the rock drilling machine or to a drill rod connected to the shank.

4. The rock drilling unit according to claim 1, wherein

the body portion of the slotting device and the tool mutually define the at least one axial volume chamber containing fluid.

5. The rock drilling unit according to claim 1, wherein

the body portion of the slotting device and the tool mutually define the at least one axial volume chamber containing fluid,

the body portion of the slotting device comprises a sleeve including a bore through which the tool extends,

the bore of the sleeve comprises a first diameter portion, a second diameter portion smaller than the first diameter portion, and a shoulder portion extending between and coupling the first diameter portion and second diameter portion,

the first diameter portion of the bore slidingly receives a piston portion of the tool, and the second diameter portion of the bore receives a rod portion of the tool,

the axial volume chamber comprises an annulus that is defined radially between the first diameter portion of the bore and the rod portion of the tool, and is defined axially between the piston portion of the tool and the shoulder portion of the bore,

the slotting device further comprises a flow passage supplying the flushing fluid along the tool, the flow passage comprises an axial flow passage disposed radially between the rod portion of the tool and the second diameter portion of the bore, a first generally radial flow passage connecting a first internal passageway of the tool to a first axial end of the axial flow passage, and a second generally radial flow passage connecting a second internal passageway of the tool to a second axial end of the axial flow passage,

the bore of the sleeve comprises a third diameter portion smaller than the second diameter portion, the third diameter portion slidingly receives the rod portion of the tool, and

relative axial displacement of the tool with respect to the body portion restricts fluid flow through the second generally radial flow passage and increases fluid pressure moving the body portion with respect to the tool.

6. The rock drilling unit according to claim 1, wherein

between the tool and the body portion there is a dampening piston, which is in axial connection to the body portion and is in the axial direction separated by means of fluid from the tool.

7. The rock drilling unit according to claim claim 1, wherein

between the tool and the body portion there is a dampening piston, which is in axial connection to the body portion and is in the axial direction separated by means of fluid from the tool,

the tool comprises a flow passage that extends through it,

the dampening piston comprises an interior portion arranged within the flow passage, an exterior portion around the tool and at least one coupling portion coupling the interior portion and exterior portion together,

the piston is arranged slidingly movably with respect to the tool,

the interior portion comprises a first working pressure surface affecting towards the drilling direction and a second working pressure surface affecting towards the reverse direction,

a first axial volume chamber is on the first working pressure surface side of the piston and the fluid therein is transmitting the feed force from the tool via the piston to the sleeve, and

a second axial volume chamber is on the second working pressure surface side of the piston and the fluid therein prevents mechanical axial contact between the tool and the piston in the drilling direction.

8. The rock drilling unit according to claim 1, wherein

the tool comprises a flow passage that extends through it,

the piston is arranged slidingly movably with respect to the tool,

a first axial volume chamber is on the first working pressure surface side of the piston and the fluid therein is transmitting the feed force from the tool via the piston to the sleeve,

a second axial volume chamber is on the second working pressure surface side of the piston and the fluid therein prevents mechanical axial contact between the tool and the piston in the drilling direction,

the flow passage of the tool comprises at least one axial flow passage, which connects the axial volume chambers,

and wherein an axial movement of the piston relative to the tool in the reverse direction is arranged to restrict the pressure of the fluid affecting the first working pressure surface thus increasing the feed force transmitted via the piston to the sleeve.

9. The rock drilling unit according to claim 1, wherein

the guide portion comprises at least one elongated guiding flange extending longitudinally along a peripheral surface of the guide portion.

10. The rock drilling unit according to claim 1, wherein

the feed beam is provided with a hold device at the distal end of the feed beam, and

the hold device comprises an opening, which is dimensioned according to a cross sectional profile of the slotting device allowing the slotting device to be pushed through the hold device.

11. A slotting device comprising:

an elongated tool including a first end and a second end, and wherein the first end is provided with first coupling means for attaching the slotting device to a shank of a drilling machine or to a drill rod connected to the shank, and wherein the second end is provided with a drill bit,

a body portion through which the tool is arranged,

a guide portion disposable in a previously drilled hole, and

at least one strut extending between and coupling the guide portion and body portion,

and the slotting device is provided with at least one axial volume chamber between the body portion and the tool, and

wherein the slotting device comprises at least one flow channel for directing fluid into the chamber, whereby the fluid in the chamber is arranged to transmit axial forces from the tool to the body portion.

12. The slotting device according to claim 11, wherein

the slotting device comprises at least one feed channel for feeding flushing fluid from the rock drilling machine into the axial volume chamber and at least one discharge channel for discharging flushing fluid from the axial volume chamber to the hole being drilled, whereby flushing fluid is arranged to flow through the axial volume chamber.

13. The slotting device according to claim 11, wherein

the slotting device comprises means for monitoring axial forces opposing the disposal of the guide portion into the previously drilled hole,

and means for increasing pressure of the fluid affecting in drilling direction on at least one working pressure surface of the at least one axial volume chamber as a response to the monitored opposing forces, whereby axial force transmitted to the guide portion is increased.

14. The slotting device according to claim 11, wherein

the slotting device comprises valve means for affecting the volume flow through the axial volume chamber as a response to the relative axial position of the tool and the body portion.

15. A method for slot drilling, comprising:

drilling closely together a plurality of holes so as to form a slot in a rock material,

using in drilling a rock drilling machine comprising a percussion device for generating percussion pulses to a tool connected to a rock drilling machine,

connecting a slotting device to the rock drilling machine, the slotting device comprising: a body portion through which the tool is arranged, a guide portion, and at least one strut extending between and coupling the guide portion and body portion,

disposing a guide portion in a previously drilled hole for maintaining the course of the previously drilled hole for the new hole being drilled, and

transmitting during drilling a feed force towards the drilling direction from the tool to the body portion of the slotting device and further to the guide portion,

transmitting the feed force to the body portion of the slotting device in the drilling direction by means of fluid in at least one axial volume chamber between the tool and the body portion, and

dampening transmission of the impact stress waves from the percussion device to the slotting device by means of the fluid in the at least one axial volume chamber.

16. A method as claimed in claim 15, comprising

influencing pressure of the fluid in the axial volume chamber in response to the axial movement between the body portion and the tool arranged to slide longitudinally relative to each other.

17. A method as claimed in claim 15, comprising

influencing pressure of the fluid in the axial volume chamber in response to the axial movement between the body portion and the tool arranged to slide longitudinally relative to each other,

arranging fluid flow through the axial volume chamber, and

restricting the fluid flow through the axial volume chamber when the movement of the guide portion in the previously drilled hole is hindered, whereby the feed force transmitted to the guide portion is increased.

18. A method as claimed in claim 15, comprising

arranging fluid flow through the axial volume chamber,

restricting the fluid flow through the axial volume chamber when the movement of the guide portion in the previously drilled hole is hindered, whereby the feed force transmitted to the guide portion is increased

arranging fluid flow through the axial volume chamber,

closing the discharge fluid flow through the axial volume chamber when the movement of the guide portion in the previously drilled hole is stopped, whereby the pressure of the fluid in the axial volume chamber increases,

monitoring the pressure of the fluid affecting in the axial volume chamber, and

reversing the feed movement of the rock drilling machine when the pressure of the fluid in the axial volume chamber exceeds a predetermined pressure limit.

19. A method as claimed in claim 15, comprising

connecting at least one drill rod to a shank of the drilling machine, and

connecting the slotting device to a distal end of an outermost drill rod.

20. A method as claimed in claim 15, comprising

connecting the slotting device to a shank of the drilling machine.

21. A method as claimed in claim 15, comprising

supporting the guide portion to surfaces of the previously drilled hole by means of at least one elongated guiding flange extending longitudinally along a peripheral surface of the guide portion.

22. A method as claimed in claim 15, comprising

conveying flushing fluid into the axial volume chamber.