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US20050238798A1 - Method for producing organic electroluminescent device, organic electroluminescent device, and electronic apparatus - Google Patents

Method for producing organic electroluminescent device, organic electroluminescent device, and electronic apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050238798A1
US20050238798A1 US11/072,958 US7295805A US2005238798A1 US 20050238798 A1 US20050238798 A1 US 20050238798A1 US 7295805 A US7295805 A US 7295805A US 2005238798 A1 US2005238798 A1 US 2005238798A1
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Prior art keywords
solvent
organic
electroluminescent device
organic electroluminescent
functional
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US11/072,958
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English (en)
Inventor
Masayuki Mitsuya
Shunichi Seki
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Seiko Epson Corp
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Seiko Epson Corp
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Assigned to SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION reassignment SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MITSUYA, MASAYUKI, SEKI, SHUNICHI
Publication of US20050238798A1 publication Critical patent/US20050238798A1/en
Priority to US12/536,217 priority Critical patent/US8329059B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B88/00—Drawers for tables, cabinets or like furniture; Guides for drawers
    • A47B88/90—Constructional details of drawers
    • A47B88/919—Accessories or additional elements for drawers, e.g. drawer lighting
    • A47B88/931—Rails or rods mounted above the drawer walls, e.g. for stabilisation of the drawer or for suspension of the content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B88/00—Drawers for tables, cabinets or like furniture; Guides for drawers
    • A47B88/40—Sliding drawers; Slides or guides therefor
    • A47B88/437—Rollers for slides or guides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B2210/00—General construction of drawers, guides and guide devices
    • A47B2210/0002—Guide construction for drawers
    • A47B2210/0008—Guide construction for drawers having a roller on an intermediary slide rail between the cabinet rail and the drawer rail
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47B—TABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B2210/00—General construction of drawers, guides and guide devices
    • A47B2210/0002—Guide construction for drawers
    • A47B2210/001—Guide construction for drawers having a roller on the intermediate drawer rail, between the upper and lower rail

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing an organic electroluminescent device, the organic electroluminescent device, and an electronic apparatus.
  • organic electroluminescent device which is one of such electro-optical devices, has been receiving attention.
  • the organic EL device includes a functioning layer, such as a hole injection layer or a luminescent layer, between counter electrodes.
  • a wet process for forming a film with a functional polymeric material is known. The wet process for forming a film has a cost advantage over a vapor deposition process in producing an organic EL device.
  • An atmosphere excluding oxygen and moisture is required for such a wet process for forming a functional layer.
  • Use of the functional polymeric material constituting the functional layer easily forms dark spot defects due to oxygen and moisture, thus leading to the deterioration of luminescent characteristics and the reduction in luminescent lifetime. Therefore, the formation of the functional layer requires an atmosphere excluding oxygen and moisture.
  • a wet process for forming a film in a nitrogen atmosphere or an inert atmosphere has recently been disclosed, each atmosphere having a moisture content of 1,000 ppm or less (for example, see Patent Document 1).
  • the Patent Document discloses that exclusion of oxygen and moisture, which cause the deterioration of the device, can suppress the deterioration of the luminescent characteristics.
  • the Inventors confirmed that satisfactory luminescent characteristics and luminescent lifetime cannot be achieved according to this art.
  • a method for producing an organic electroluminescent device including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a functional layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the functional layer including at least a luminescent layer, the method includes the steps of mixing a solvent and a functional material to produce a functional solution; and applying the functional solution to form the functional layer by a wet film formation process, wherein, before the functional solution is produced, the solvent is subjected to dehydration and deoxygenation in order to remove water and oxygen in the solvent.
  • an organic electroluminescent device can be produced with luminescent characteristics of high efficiency and prolonged lifetime. For example, with respect to a droplet discharging method in which droplets are discharged through a nozzle by exerting a predetermined force on a liquid, since a dehydrated and deoxygenated liquid is used in the nozzle, a stable discharge can be performed because of sufficient forces being exerted on the liquid.
  • the solvent being a nonpolar solvent such as an aromatic solvent
  • the failure in discharging can be reduced by removing water in the solvent.
  • a solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water when the functional layer is formed by evaporating the solvent in the droplet, the amount of water rapidly evaporated can be reduced. Consequently, defects in the organic electroluminescent device can be suppressed.
  • a layer used in an organic EL device for example, a luminescent layer, a charge transporting layer, a carrier blocking layer, or a blocking layer for dissolution, is referred to as a “functional layer”.
  • the functional layer is formed in an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the functional layer can be formed in an atmosphere containing neither moisture nor oxygen.
  • an organic electroluminescent device with luminescent characteristics of high efficiency and prolonged lifetime and in which the occurrence of defects is suppressed can be produced.
  • each of the water content and the oxygen content in the solvent is 20 ppm or less after the dehydration and the deoxygenation.
  • the solvent is a mixed solvent containing a plurality of types of solvents
  • the method further includes the steps of dehydrating and deoxygenating each of the plurality of types of solvents; and mixing the resulting solvents together.
  • Oxygen and water in each of the plurality of types of solvents can be removed.
  • the mixed solvent containing neither water nor oxygen can be produced.
  • the functional solution is formed with the mixed solvent. Since the functional layer is formed with the functional solution, the functional layer containing neither water nor oxygen can be produced. Consequently, the occurrence of defects and deterioration in the functional layer due to oxygen and water can be suppressed. As a result, an organic electroluminescent device can be produced with luminescent characteristics of high efficiency and prolonged lifetime.
  • the mixing ratio and the composition may be changed during the dehydration and the deoxygenation.
  • a plurality of types of solvents each are dehydrated and deoxygenated, and then the resulting solvents are mixed together; hence, the mixing ratio and the composition can be controlled.
  • the wet film formation process is a droplet discharging process.
  • the water in the solvent is removed by the dehydration.
  • the film-forming ability is improved.
  • An organic electroluminescent device includes the functional layer formed by the above-described method.
  • the functional layer is formed by applying the functional solution by the wet film formation process, the functional solution being produced by mixing the dehydrated and deoxygenated solvent and the functional material.
  • An electronic apparatus includes the above-described organic electroluminescent device.
  • Examples of the electronic apparatus include information processors such as cellular phones, personal digital assistants, clocks, word processors, and personal computers; large-screen television sets; and large monitors.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an organic EL device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing an organic EL device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 3A-3C are process charts illustrating a method for producing of an organic EL device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4A-4E are schematic views illustrating dehydration and deoxygenation
  • FIG. 5 is a table showing an example of an organic EL device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a table showing an example of an organic EL device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a table showing an example of an organic EL device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 8A-3C show electronic apparatuses each provided with an organic EL device according to the present invention.
  • An organic EL device 1 of the embodiment as shown below is an active-matrix organic EL device including a thin-film transistor (hereinafter, referred to as “TFT”) functioning as a switching element.
  • the organic EL device 1 is a color organic EL device including three-types (red (R), green (G), and blue (B)) of organic polymeric luminescent layers.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the structure of an organic EL device according to the embodiment.
  • the organic EL device 1 includes an insulating substrate 10 ; a pixel electrode region including pixel electrodes connected to switching TFTs (described below) and arrayed into a matrix on the substrate 10 ; and a pixel area 3 (within alternate long and short dashed lines in FIG. 1 ) that is substantially rectangular in plan view being located at least on the region including the pixel electrodes.
  • the pixel area 3 is zoned into an actual display area 4 in the center of the pixel area 3 (within alternate long and two short dashes line in FIG. 1 ) and a dummy area 5 disposed around the actual display area 4 (an area between the alternate long and short dashed lines and the alternate long and two short dashes line).
  • display areas R, G, and B are arrayed at a distance in A-B and C-D directions.
  • Scanning-lines-driving circuits 80 are disposed on both right and left sides of the actual display area 4 in FIG. 1 . These scanning-lines-driving circuits 80 are disposed under the dummy area 5 .
  • a checking circuit 90 is disposed above the actual display area 4 in FIG. 1 . The checking circuit 90 is also disposed under the dummy area 5 .
  • the checking circuit 90 for checking the operating state of the organic EL device 1 has, for example, means for outputting the results of checking to an external device (not shown) and inspects the defects or quality of displays at the time of shipping or during manufacturing.
  • Driving voltages are applied from a predetermined power supply through driving-voltage conductive lines to the scanning-lines-driving circuits 80 and the checking circuit 90 .
  • Driving-control signals and the driving voltages for the scanning-lines-driving circuits 80 and the checking circuit 90 are applied from a predetermined main driver to control the driving the organic EL device 1 through, for example, driving-control-signal conduction lines.
  • the driving-control signals are defined as command signals from the main driver for controlling output signals from the scanning-lines-driving circuits 80 and the checking circuit 90 .
  • the pixel structure of the organic EL device 1 will be described below with reference to FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing display region of the organic EL device 1 .
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of three pixel areas corresponding to red (R), green (G), and blue (B).
  • the organic EL device 1 includes a circuit element region 14 including circuits such as TFTs, a pixel electrode (first electrode) 111 , a luminescent element region 11 including a functional layer 110 , and a cathode (second electrode) 12 on the substrate 10 , formed in that order.
  • the organic EL device 1 In the organic EL device 1 , light emitted from the functional layer 110 toward the substrate 10 passes through the circuit element region 14 and substrate 10 and then emerges from the bottom of the substrate 10 toward an observer. On the other hand, light emitted from the functional layer 110 toward the opposite side of the substrate 10 is reflected by the cathode 12 and passes through the circuit element region 14 and substrate 10 and then emerges from the bottom of the substrate 10 toward an observer.
  • the circuit element region 14 includes a substrate protecting layer composed of silicon oxide on the substrate 10 , driving TFTs 123 connected to the respective pixel electrodes 111 , and interlayer insulating films 144 a and 144 b.
  • the luminescent element region 11 mainly includes the functional layers 110 stacked on the respective pixel electrodes 111 and bank regions 112 disposed between the functional layers 110 , the functional layers 110 being separated by the bank regions 112 .
  • the cathodes 12 are disposed on the respective functional layers 110 .
  • each of the bank regions 112 includes an inorganic bank layer 112 a adjacent to the substrate 10 and an organic bank layer 112 b remote from the substrate 10 , the organic bank layer 112 b being stacked on the inorganic bank layer 112 a.
  • Each of the functional layers 110 includes a hole injecting and/or transporting sublayer 110 a stacked on the corresponding pixel electrode 111 and an organic EL sublayer (luminescent sublayer) 110 b disposed on the hole injecting and/or transporting sublayer 110 a.
  • the hole injecting and/or transporting sublayer 110 a has the functions of injecting holes into the organic EL sublayer 110 b and transporting holes inside the hole injecting and/or transporting sublayer 110 a .
  • the organic EL sublayer 110 b has improved properties, such as luminous efficiency and lifetime. Holes injected from the hole injecting and/or transporting sublayer 110 a recombine with electrons injected from the cathode 12 to emit light.
  • the organic EL sublayers 110 b are divided into the following three types in luminescent wavelength bands: an organic red EL sublayer 110 b 1 emitting red (R) light, an organic green EL sublayer 110 b 2 emitting green (G) light, and an organic blue EL layer 110 b 3 emitting blue (B) light. These organic EL sublayers 110 b 1 to 110 b 3 are arrayed into a predetermined arrangement (for example, strips).
  • the organic EL sublayers 110 b are formed by applying ink compositions by an inkjet process (a droplet discharging process or wet film formation process), the ink compositions each being produced by mixing a dehydrated and deoxygenated solvent and the corresponding organic polymer EL material.
  • inkjet process a droplet discharging process or wet film formation process
  • the cathode 12 is provided over the entire surface of the luminescent element region 11 and is paired with each of the pixel electrodes 111 to feed current through the corresponding functional layer 110 .
  • the cathode 12 is composed of a lithium fluoride layer 12 a , a calcium layer 12 b , and aluminum layer 12 c , stacked in that order.
  • FIG. 3 shows the steps of stacking the hole injecting and/or transporting sublayers 110 a , the organic EL sublayers 110 b , and the cathode 12 , on the respective pixel electrodes 111 , formed in that order.
  • FIG. 4 shows dehydration and deoxygenation of the solvent included in an ink composition for the organic EL sublayer 10 b.
  • a solvent 20 is prepared.
  • the moisture content and the oxygen content in the solvent 20 are about 100 ppm and 50 ppm, respectively.
  • the dehydration is performed by placing molecular sieves 21 functioning as a water absorbent in the solvent 20 .
  • the molecular sieves 21 are brought into contact with water in the solvent 20 and absorb the water.
  • the molecular sieves 21 are removed. Consequently, water in the solvent 20 is removed.
  • the water content in the solvent 20 is 15 ppm or less.
  • the deoxygenation is performed by bubbling a nitrogen (N 2 ) gas (inert gas) through the solvent 20 .
  • a gas feeding tube 22 is dipped into the solvent 20 and a N 2 gas is fed into the solvent 20 through the gas introducing tube 22 .
  • Oxygen in the solvent 20 is removed from the solvent 20 by the bubbling.
  • the oxygen content in the solvent 20 is 10 ppm or less.
  • the dehydration and the deoxygenation shown in FIGS. 4 ( a ) to 4 ( e ) are performed in a glove box filled with an inert gas.
  • the dehydration and the deoxygenation are performed in the N 2 gas.
  • the solvent 20 may be heated.
  • An organic polymer EL material (functional material) is dissolved into the dehydrated and deoxygenated solvent 20 described above. This step is performed in an inert gas having a water content and oxygen content of 100 ppm, respectively.
  • the organic polymer EL material also has oxygen and water.
  • the organic polymer EL material is preferably dissolved after the organic polymer EL material is subjected to vacuum drying or drying by heating.
  • an inkjet process droplet discharging process or wet film formation process
  • Examples of the inkjet process include a charge regulating process, a pressure oscillation process, an electromechanical transduction process, an electrothermal conversion process, and an electrostatic suction process.
  • a charge regulating process a material electrically charged with a charging electrode is discharged from a nozzle while the flying direction of the charged material is controlled by a deflecting electrode.
  • a pressure oscillation process a material is discharged from a nozzle by the application of ultra-high pressure. When a control voltage is not applied, the material goes straight and is discharged from the nozzle. When the control voltage is applied, electrostatic repulsion occurs. As a result, the material is scattered and thus not discharged from the nozzle.
  • the deformation of a piezoelectric element caused by a pulsed electric signal is utilized.
  • the deformation of the piezoelectric element applies pressure to a space containing a material via a flexible component.
  • the material is pushed out from the space and discharged from the nozzle.
  • a material is rapidly vaporized by heating with a heater provided in a space containing the material, thus generating a bubble.
  • the material is discharged by the pressure of the bubble.
  • the electrostatic suction process a space containing a material is slightly pressurized to generate a meniscus state of the material in a nozzle. Then, the material is drawn out by the application of electrostatic attraction.
  • a process for using a change in the viscosity of a fluid by the application of an electric field or a process for discharging a material by an electric spark is available.
  • the material is not heated; hence, the solvent 20 is not evaporated. Therefore, the piezo-process advantageously has little effect on the composition of the material.
  • the inkjet process is performed in an inert gas containing a water content and a oxygen content of 100 ppm or less, respectively.
  • an inert gas containing a water content and a oxygen content of 100 ppm or less, respectively.
  • the hole injecting and/or transporting sublayers 110 a are formed at opening sections between the bank regions 112 .
  • the above-described inkjet process is employed as a process for producing the hole injecting and/or transporting sublayers 110 a .
  • a ink composition containing a material for the hole injecting and/or transporting sublayers 110 a is charged into a discharge head, and then the discharging nozzle of the discharging head is opposed to the pixel electrode 111 provided in the opening sections between the bank regions 112 .
  • Droplets in which the amount of a single droplet is controlled are discharged from the discharging nozzle, while the discharging head and the substrate 10 are relatively moved. The discharged droplets are dried to evaporate the polar solvent in the ink composition into hole injecting and/or transporting sublayer 110 a.
  • Examples of the ink composition used include a mixture of poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS), polythiophene derivatives, polyaniline, polyaniline derivatives, and triphenylamine derivatives.
  • Examples of the polar solvent include isopropyl alcohol (IPA), n-butanol, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) and its derivatives, and glycol ethers such as carbitol acetate and butyl carbitol acetate.
  • the organic EL sublayers 110 b ( 110 b 1 , 110 b 2 , and 110 b 3 ) are formed on the hole injecting and/or transporting sublayer 110 a.
  • the inkjet process is employed as a process for producing the organic EL sublayer 110 b similar to the process for the hole injecting and/or transporting sublayer 110 a .
  • a discharging head (not shown) is filled with an ink composition for the organic EL sublayer 10 b .
  • the ink composition contains an organic polymer EL material and a solvent. The solvent is subjected to dehydration and deoxygenation as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the discharging nozzle of the discharging head is opposed to the hole injecting and/or transporting sublayer 110 a provided in the opening sections between the bank regions 112 .
  • Droplets in which the amount of a single droplet is controlled are discharged from the discharging nozzle, while the discharging head and the substrate 10 are relatively moved.
  • the discharged droplets are dried to evaporate the polar solvent in the ink composition into the organic EL sublayer 110 b .
  • the organic EL sublayers 110 b 1 , 110 b 2 , and 110 b 3 are formed at the respective opening sections between the bank regions 112 .
  • the ink composition is composed of a known luminescent material such as a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material.
  • each of the organic EL sublayers 110 b is provided so that luminescent wavelength bands of the organic EL sublayers 110 b correspond to three primary colors of light in order to display full-color images. That is, a single pixel element is composed of three organic EL layers (dots), i.e., the organic EL layer corresponding to red, the organic EL layer corresponding to green, and the organic EL layer corresponding to blue, respectively, in luminescent wavelength bands. These layers emit light with intermediate tones. Therefore, the organic EL device 1 displays full-color images.
  • organic polymer EL material examples include polyfluorene (PF) derivatives, poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivatives, poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) derivatives, polyvinyl carbazole (PVK), polythiophene derivatives, and polysilanes such as poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS).
  • PF polyfluorene
  • PPV poly(p-phenylene vinylene)
  • PPPP poly(p-phenylene)
  • PVK polyvinyl carbazole
  • PMPS polythiophene derivatives
  • polysilanes such as poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS).
  • These polymeric materials may be doped with pigments such as perylene pigment, coumalin pigment, and rhodamine pigment; or low-molecular-weight materials such as rubrene, perylene, 9,10-diphenylanthracene, tetraphenylbutadiene, Nile red, coumalin 6, and quinacridone.
  • pigments such as perylene pigment, coumalin pigment, and rhodamine pigment
  • low-molecular-weight materials such as rubrene, perylene, 9,10-diphenylanthracene, tetraphenylbutadiene, Nile red, coumalin 6, and quinacridone.
  • Solvents for an organic polymer red EL material and an organic polymer green EL material preferably include, for example, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, dihydrobenzofuran, or cyclohexylbenzene.
  • a solvent for an organic polymer blue EL material preferably includes, for example, dihydrobenzofuran, or cyclohexylbenzene.
  • a mixed solvent containing a solvent having a boiling point of 150° C. or more is preferably used as the solvent for the polymeric material.
  • Examples of the solvent having a high boiling point include dodecylbenzene (bp 331° C.), cyclohexylbenzene (bp 240° C.), 1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene (bp 203° C.), 3-isopropylbiphenyl (bp 290° C.), 3-methylbiphenyl (bp 272° C.), 4-methylbiphenyl (bp 267° C.), p-anisyl alcohol (bp 259° C.), 1-methylnaphthalene (bp 240° C.
  • a mixed solvent containing at least two solvents including a solvent having a high boiling point is preferably used.
  • a mixed solvent containing a plurality of types of solvents is used.
  • the solvents are preferably mixed together.
  • the present invention is applicable. That is, each of the plurality of types of the solvents is preferably subjected to dehydration and deoxygenation, and then a mixed solvent is produced.
  • the composition may be changed by the dehydration and deoxygenation.
  • each of a plurality of types of solvents is subjected to the dehydration and deoxygenation, and then the solvents are mixed together. Thus, a change in the composition of the mixed solvent can be suppressed.
  • the cathode 12 which is paired with each of the pixel electrodes 111 , is formed.
  • lithium fluoride layer 12 a , calcium layer 12 b , and aluminum layer 12 c are stacked over the entire surface of the substrate 10 including the bank regions 112 and the organic EL sublayers 110 b , formed in that order, to form the cathode 12 .
  • the cathode 12 is provided over the organic EL sublayer 10 b including the organic red EL sublayer 110 b 1 , the organic green EL sublayer 110 b 2 , and an organic blue.
  • EL layer 110 b 3 Consequently, organic EL elements corresponding to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) are formed.
  • the cathode 12 is preferably formed by, for example, vapor deposition, sputtering, or CVD.
  • vapor deposition is more preferably used from the stand point of the prevention of the damage of the organic EL sublayers 110 b by heating.
  • a protective layer composed of, for example, SiO 2 or SiN may be provided on the cathode 12 in order to prevent oxidation.
  • the substrate 10 is sealed with a resin sealant and a sealing substrate.
  • a resin sealant composed of a thermosetting resin or UV curable resin is applied the peripheral portion of the substrate 10 and the sealing substrate is disposed on the resin sealant.
  • a sealing step is preferably performed in a nitrogen gas or in an inert gas atmosphere such as argon or helium.
  • the cathode 12 has a defect such as a pin hole, moisture, oxygen, and the like enter the cathode 12 , and then the cathode 12 may be oxidized, thus being not preferable.
  • FIG. 5 is a table showing the effects of dehydration and deoxygenation.
  • FIG. 5 also shows the water content and the oxygen content in the solvent 20 and the number of failed films of the organic EL sublayers 110 b formed with the corresponding solvent 20 .
  • dehydration molecular sieves: MS
  • deoxygenation N 2 bubbling: N 2
  • dehydration MS
  • deoxygenation N 2 bubbling: N 2
  • dehydration and deoxygenation are not performed (No).
  • case 1 the water content and oxygen content in the solvent 20 were 5 to 15 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively.
  • the number of failed films of the organic EL sublayers 110 b formed with the solvent 20 subjected to the treatment according to case 1 was 0.
  • the water content and oxygen content in the solvent 20 were 10 to 15 ppm and 50 ppm, respectively.
  • the number of failed films of the organic EL sublayers 110 b formed with the solvent 20 subjected to the treatment according to case 2 was several.
  • the water content and oxygen content in the solvent 20 were 100 ppm and 50 ppm.
  • the number of failed films of the organic EL sublayers 110 b formed with the solvent 20 subjected to the treatment according to case 3 was 100 or more.
  • FIG. 6 is a table showing the effect of an atmosphere used in forming a film by an inkjet process.
  • FIG. 6 also shows the element lifetimes and luminous efficiencies of the organic EL sublayers 110 b formed in an inert gas atmosphere or in air.
  • the organic EL sublayers 110 b was formed in a N 2 gas atmosphere (inert gas atmosphere: N 2 ). In case 5, the organic EL sublayers 110 b was formed in air.
  • the organic EL sublayers 110 b formed in the N 2 atmosphere in case 4 improved about double in lifetime compared with that in case 5.
  • the luminous efficiency improved about 1.3 times that in case 5.
  • FIG. 7 provides a summary of FIGS. 5 and 6 and is a table showing the effect of the dehydration, deoxygenation, and the atmosphere in forming a film.
  • the solvent 20 was not subjected to neither dehydration nor deoxygenation; and the inkjet process was performed in the N 2 gas atmosphere (known art). That is, when the dehydration and deoxygenation were performed (MS+N2) and the inkjet process was performed in air (Air), a good result was achieved compared with that of the known art. Furthermore, when the dehydration and deoxygenation were performed (MS+N2) and the inkjet process was performed in the N 2 gas, the best result was achieved (excellent).
  • the untreated solvent 20 had a water content of about 100 ppm and an oxygen content of about 50 ppm.
  • the water content and the oxygen content each can be 20 ppm or less.
  • oxygen and water which cause the deterioration of the organic EL sublayer 10 b (growth of defects, reduction in luminance, and increase in driving voltage), can be removed.
  • the formation of the organic EL sublayers 110 b with the solvent 20 can improve the lifetime of the organic EL device 1 .
  • the failure of the organic EL sublayers 110 b frequently occurred.
  • the film-forming ability can be improved and the prevention of failure of the organic EL sublayers 110 b can be significantly improved.
  • the oxygen content and water content in the organic EL sublayer 110 b can be reduced.
  • the lifetime and luminous efficiency can be improved.
  • oxygen and water which cause the deterioration of the organic EL sublayer 10 b (growth of defects, reduction in luminance, and increase in driving voltage), can be further removed. Therefore, the organic EL device 1 capable of stably working for a long period can be achieved.
  • an ink composition which is used for the organic EL sublayer 110 b , contains the solvent 20 subjected to dehydration and deoxygenation, the ink composition in which water and oxygen are removed can be produced. Then, the ink composition is applied by an inkjet process to form the organic EL sublayers 110 b ; hence, the organic EL sublayers 110 b in which water and oxygen are removed can be produced. Therefore, in the organic EL sublayers 110 b , the deterioration and occurrence of defects due to oxygen and water can be suppressed. As a result, the organic EL device 1 with luminescent characteristics of high efficiency and prolonged lifetime and in which the occurrence of defects is suppressed can be produced.
  • the organic EL sublayers 110 b can be formed in an oxygen- and moisture-free atmosphere. This can further improve the effect described above.
  • the film-forming ability of the ink composition is improved.
  • the failure of the organic EL sublayers 110 b can be significantly improved.
  • the organic EL sublayers 110 b formed by the inkjet process has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • Various film-forming process, for example, printing, may be employed other than the inkjet process.
  • the method for producing an organic EL device including the organic EL sublayers 110 b has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the present invention is useful for organic semiconductors, organic transistors, and organic semiconductor lasers other than the organic EL device.
  • an ink composition is produced with a mixed solvent containing a plurality of types of solvents.
  • a mixed solvent containing a plurality of types of solvents.
  • dihydrobenzofuran and cyclohexylbenzene are used as the solvents will be described below.
  • each of the solvents are subjected to dehydration and deoxygenation.
  • dihydrobenzofuran is dehydrated and then deoxygenated.
  • the water content and the oxygen content in the dihydrobenzofuran are 20 ppm or less, respectively.
  • cyclohexylbenzene is dehydrated and then deoxygenated.
  • the water content and the oxygen content in the cyclohexylbenzene are 20 ppm or less, respectively.
  • the dehydrated and deoxygenated dihydrobenzofuran and cyclohexylbenzene are mixed together to produce a mixed solvent.
  • An organic polymer EL material is dissolved into the resulting mixed solvent. This step is preferably performed in an inert gas atmosphere in which the moisture content and the oxygen content are controlled up to 100 ppm. Since the organic polymer EL material also has oxygen and water, the organic polymer EL material is preferably dissolved after the organic polymer EL material is subjected to vacuum drying or drying by heating.
  • each of dihydrobenzofuran and cyclohexylbenzene, which are constituting the mixed solvent, is subjected to the dehydration and deoxygenation, and then the solvents are mixed together to produce the mixed solvent.
  • the mixed solvent in which oxygen and water are removed can be produced.
  • the mixing ratio and the composition may be changed during the dehydration and the deoxygenation.
  • a plurality of types of solvents each are dehydrated and deoxygenated, and then the resulting solvents are mixed together; hence, the mixing ratio and the composition can be controlled.
  • FIGS. 8 ( a ) to ( c ) show examples of electronic apparatuses according to the present invention.
  • the electronic apparatuses of the examples each include an organic EL device such as the above-described organic EL device functioning as a displaying means.
  • FIG. 8 ( a ) is a perspective view showing an example of cellular phone.
  • Reference numeral 1000 represents a main body of the cellular phone, and reference numeral 1001 represents a display used as the display.
  • FIG. 8 ( b ) is a perspective view showing one example of electronic apparatus of a wristwatch type.
  • Reference numeral 1100 represents a main body of the wristwatch, and reference numeral 1101 is a display used as the EL display.
  • FIG. 8 ( c ) is a perspective view showing an example of a portable information-processing apparatus such as a word processor or a personal computer.
  • Reference numeral 1200 is an information processing apparatus
  • reference numeral 1202 is an input device such as a keyboard
  • reference numeral 1204 is a main body of the information processing apparatus
  • reference numeral 1206 is a display used as the EL display.
  • FIGS. 8 ( a ) to ( c ) are each provided with a display including the organic EL devices of the present invention; hence, an electronic apparatus with luminescent characteristics of high efficiency and prolonged lifetime and in which the occurrence of defects is suppressed can be produced.

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US20080093986A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2008-04-24 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Ink For Forming Organic El Coating Film And Method For Production Thereof
US20080286445A1 (en) * 2007-05-17 2008-11-20 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Composition, and method of fabricating light-emitting element
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US20120080668A1 (en) * 2010-10-05 2012-04-05 Seiko Epson Corporation Organic el lighting device and method of manufacturing the same
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KR20190016090A (ko) * 2016-07-11 2019-02-15 코니카 미놀타 가부시키가이샤 도포액, 그의 제조 방법, 전자 디바이스 제작용 잉크, 전자 디바이스, 유기 일렉트로루미네센스 소자, 및 광전 변환 소자
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JP2019116525A (ja) * 2017-12-26 2019-07-18 東洋インキＳｃホールディングス株式会社 量子ドットを含有するインキ組成物、それを用いたインクジェットインキ、およびそれらの用途
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US20080093986A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2008-04-24 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Ink For Forming Organic El Coating Film And Method For Production Thereof
US20080100205A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2008-05-01 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Organic Electroluminescent Device and Method for Manufacturing Same
EP1841291A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2007-10-03 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Organic electroluminescent device and method for manufacturing same
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US20100224947A1 (en) * 2005-07-27 2010-09-09 Jaroslav Hynecek Stacked pixel for high resolution cmos image sensor
US20070298263A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2007-12-27 Junichi Tonotani Organic electroluminescence device and method for manufacturing same
US20080286445A1 (en) * 2007-05-17 2008-11-20 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Composition, and method of fabricating light-emitting element
US20120080668A1 (en) * 2010-10-05 2012-04-05 Seiko Epson Corporation Organic el lighting device and method of manufacturing the same
WO2014079532A1 (de) 2012-11-20 2014-05-30 Merck Patent Gmbh Formulierung in hochreinem l?sungsmittel zur herstellung elektronischer vorrichtungen
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US11618833B2 (en) 2017-07-21 2023-04-04 Dic Corporation Ink composition, production method therefor, light conversion layer, and color filter

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US20090297695A1 (en) 2009-12-03
CN1684561A (zh) 2005-10-19
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TW200536432A (en) 2005-11-01

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