US1994689A - Brake drum - Google Patents

Description

F. E. COOPER March 19, 1935.

BRAKE DRUM 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 5, 1934 XE. C'oopef Patented Mar. 19, 19 35 omrao This invention relates to improvements in brake'ilrums, and more particularl-yrtoa'braking mechanism and reel structure for=hoisting machinery, in which braki'ng mechanism is "used in loweringheavydoads to con'troPtheraite of travel.

In hoisting machinery of this-character, the external or contracting type of brake is ordinarily used, and such brake generally consists of a continuous brake'band -which engages -th e external' surface of the brake' drum when the brake is'in operation; "Due to the close proximity-of the=bral e band to the brakingsurface of thedrum and thelarge area of this surface covered by the brake band; very little air comes in contact "with thebraki-ng *surface 'thus making it "'diflicult to dissipate the heat absorbedby the periphery of the drumduring the braking operation. Furthermore, asthe outer edges of the drumperiph ery are incontact w'ith'theair,'the heat from this portion of thedrum'will be=dissipatedmore readily, and consequently, the outer-edges" of the drum will be cooler thanthecentralportion covered by the-brake ban'cl; This *results'in unequal expansion of the metal in the drum -'per iphery; causes distortionofthe brakin'gsurfaces froma true circle; impairs the -efiiciency of 'thej brake; and also'causes the metal to-crack and check-due to unequal expansion. 4

Varioustypes of drums have been made here- I tofore-in an attempt to providean efficient circulation of the air therethrough for dissipating the heat "generatedbythe-frictional contact of;

the band withthe drum. Some of the structures heretofore proposed have incorporated in them asystem "or series "of *spok'e's arrange'd' fanwise in an attempt to obtain amovemehtfiof the air against the inside or the peripheral-"member of the-drum for the 'diss'ip'ationbf heat but all such structures have-proven inellicient; as "their action tends to setup 'local eddy currents within'the drum'stru cture, and fail to developa continuous supply "of cooler air 'ragain'st the drum periphery.

It is "ther'eforethe primary ob'ject of my invention to provide a'drum which will create a constant movement of cool air against thei'nne'r surface of the peripheral member of -the so as toobtain efficient dissipation of heat, and maintain a temperature which will-prevent injury'to' the braking=-surface or-theliningof the brake drum. 7

-Another ob ject is to J mrovicle ia brake drum structuretdesigned to direct the movementof'the air' 'agains't' the rpe'ri phery bf' the ur-um rso ias 170 maintain a uniform ternperature througnoutganu preventdist'ortion of the braking correct contour. 1 A further object is 'to furnish a'brake drum structure' that willpermit equal expansion and contraction of the peripheral member of the drum under temperature variations without distorting the braking surface of said drum.

i A -stillfurther object is to supply a reel and brake drum structure wherein "the load stresses are confined-to an integral member, so as to avoid bolted: or riveted joints'being subjected to severe working-stresses and causing them to work loose and failinservice.

surface from its 'With the foregoing objects outlined and with J illustrated inthe accompanying drawings, and

more :particularly pointed out in claims;

In the 'drawings, I

'Fig. il-isia persp'ective view showing a pair of my improved braking drums forming part or hoisting machinery. v

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal elevationpartly in verti'cal' section 'of the reel and brake drum assembly.

F ig. 3 isan end elevation of one of my improved 'drums.

' Fig. 4= is a similar view ot the opposite side of my "improved brake "drum, taken on the line '4-4 of Fig.2.

Fig. -5 is a cross' sectional view taken on the line 5 5of Fig.3.

In the-drawings, 6, 6 designates a pair of brake drums, each in the-form of 'anintegral structure, consisting of a 'central hub '7 having a laterally extendin g annular flange 8, anda radially pro jecting flange 9, the latter terminating in a rim or peripheral member 10, the outer surface of which forms the' braking -surfaceiupon which the brake-wand l1 cont'actswhen'the brake is applied.

A plurality of blades orimpeller vanes 12 extend-outwardly from thethub 7, and terminate in the riml0. lheseiblades have a substantially spiral contour o'f a nature which will promote the. displacement of air by centrifugal action. A plurality ofrelatively short auxiliary blades 13, having a contour similar to that of the main blades :12, extend inwardly from the rim 10 and are spaced between'the main blades 12 as well as the appended from'the'hub 7. Both sets of'blades are enclosed igeegesc adjacentto the hub to a'd'mit airintd said chfamber, ports in the side members adjacent --to the peripheral member for 'di'sc'harg'ing'airffronr said chamber, andbl'ades within the drum for drawing air in through said, means,- forcing it toward the peripheral member and; discharging it through said ports, the interior of said peripheral member being substantially cylindrical and unobstructed transversely of thedrum to cause air, centrifugally forced by-the blades, to move laterally. across the central portion of said inner surface before discharging through said 2. A brake drum comprising a hubfiaperipheral member andopposite sidemembers rigidly united with one another and forming an internal substantially circular chamber,- means in the drum adjacent to the hub to admit air-intosaid chamber, ports in'theside membersadjac'ent to the peripheral member: for discharging-air from said chamber, blades within the drum for drawing air in through said means, forcing it toward the. peripheral member and discharging 'it through said ports, said peripheral member having its entire inner surface unobstructedtransversely of the drum to cause air, centrifugally forced by the blades, to move laterallyacross the central portion ofsaidinner surface before discharging through said ports, and means withinthe drum for concentrating air, driven: by the blades, against the central portion of the rim. I a i.

3. Abrake drum comprising av hub, a peripheral member and opposite side me'mbers rigidly united with one anotherra'ndforrhing an internal substantially circular chamber, means inthe drum adjacent to the hub'toladmit air into; said chamber, ports in-.the sidemembers adjacent to the peripheralimember for dischargingair from said: chamber, and blades within ,the' drum for drawing air iii-through said means, forcing it toward the peripheral member and discharging it through-said ports, said peripheral member having its entire inner surface unobstructed transversely. of the drumto cause-air, centrifugally forced by the blades, to move laterally across the centralsportion-of said inner surface before discharging .through 'said ports, one act said side members having an outer portion near said peripheral memberprovided with an inner surface inclined in adirection toward the other side member for concentrating the centrifugally forced air against the central. portion 'ofthe inner surface of the peripheral-member.

4. A brake drum comprising a hub, a peripheral member and opposite-side members rigidly united with one another andforming an internalsubstantially circular chamber, means in thedrum adjacent to the hub to admit; air into said chamber,-portsin the side: membersdadjacentito the peripheral member for discharging ,airifrom said chamber, blades within, the drum for-:xdrawing air inthrough saidmeans, forcing "it toward the peripheral member and discharging it;through; said'ports, said peripheral member, having, its entire inner surface unobstructed transversely;

of the drumtocauseair, centrifugallyforced by the blades, to move laterally across the; central portion of said inner surface before) discharging through said ports, and spacedftransverselyposn tioned shorter blades extending inwardly from the peripheral member and a'rrar'iged between the first mentioned blades s'ub'stantiallyjparallel to the axis of the drum for directing 'air driven by eralports, v H

59A brake "drum comprising a centr'al hub the first mentioned blades, through the periph;

member, aradial flange member. extending there'- from, "an annular peripheral member having one of its edgeportions'united with the outer edge portion of said radial flange, an internal flange m'emberspaced from'saidr'adial flange 'andextending'inwardly from the opposite edge portion of said' peripheralmember, said hub member, peripheral member and flanges'being integrally united,la series of ports arranged in eachflange' adjacent to said peripheral member, air admis- 'sion means in one of said flanges adjacent to the hub member, and impeller blades extending out wardly from said central hub member and' en closed ,at their outer ends by said flanges and saidlperipheral member, whereby a plurality of air passageways are formed in said drum between the-air admission means and said ports, said peripheral member having its entire inner surfaceunobstructed transversely of the drum to cause air, centrifugally forced by the blades, to move laterally across'the central portion of said inner surface before discharging through said ports.

j *6. Abrake drum comprisinga'hub, a radial flange extending therefrom and having a plural ity of air intake openings positioned adjacent tosaid hub, an annularperipheral member having one'of its edge portions integral with the outer extremity of said radial flange, an internal flange spaced from said radial flange, and extending inwardly from the opposite edge port'ion of said peripheral member, both of said flanges having aplurality of air outlet ports adjacent thepe ripheral member, and impellerblades. extendin outwardly from said hub and enclosed at their outer ends bysaid flanges and said peripheral member whereby a plurality of air passageways. are formed in said drum, communicating with said air intake openings and air outlet ports, said peripheral member having its entire inner surface unobstructed transversely of the drum to cause air, centrifugally' forcedv bythe blades, to move laterally across the central portion of said inner surface before discharging through said ports. t Y

7. Abrake drum comprising a hub, a radial flange extending therefrom and having a'pluraL- ity of air intake ports adjacent saidhub,.an annular peripheral member having one of its edge portions rigidly united with the outer extremity of said radial flange, an internal flange spaced from, said radial flange and extending inwardly from the opposite edge portion of said peripheral member, said flanges having a plurality of :air

outlet ports adjacent the'peripheral member, and

impeller blades extending outwardly from the hub portion of said drum to the peripheral member for causing air drawn in through said intake ports to be discharged through the outlet ports, said peripheralmember having itsentire inner surface unobstructed transversely of the. drum to cause air, centrifugally forced by the blades, to move laterally across the central portion of said inner surface before discharging through said ports.

[8. A brake drum comprising a hub, a radial flange extending therefrom, a'peripheral mem ber having one of its edge portions united with the outer. extremity of said radial flange, ah, iiiternal flange united with the oppositefedgeportion of the peripheral member and extending inwardly'from said member, said internal flange being spaced fromsaid radial flange and said hub, whereby an annular air admissionppening is formed adjacent to said-hub, saidflanges ha v ing' a plurality of outlet ports adjacentthdperipheral-member, the entire inner'surface of the peripheral member being unobstructed transverselyof the drum, and'meansfor drawing air through said annular opening, forcing it against said surface and, discharging it through said outlet ports. Y

9J A brake drum comprising a hub, aradial flange extendingthere'from andhaving a plurality of intake, ports 'adj acent:.said hub, 'a pcripheral member having one of its edge portions united ,with the outer extremity of saidradial flange, (an internal flange extending inwardly from'the opposite edge portion of said peripheral member and spaced from said radial'flange and saidhub, whereby anopening is formedbetween said hub. and said internal flange, saidrflanges being integralwith said hub'and peripheral member and having a plurality of outlet ports adjacenttheperipheral member, and impeller blades fixedly-niou'nted within the drum for drawing airthrough said intake ports and said opening, forcing, it againstthe peripheral member and discharging it through said outlet ports, said peripheral memberhaving its entire inner surfaceunobstructed-.transversely of the drum to cause air, centrifugally forced by the blades, to move laterally across the central portion'of'said inner surface before discharging through said ports.

I 10. A brakedrtun comprising a hub, a radial flange extending "therefrom, a peripheral mem her having onefof itsedge portions rigidly united with-.the outer extremity of said radial flange, an internal flange spaced from said radial flange and extending inwardly from said peripheral .member, said internal flange being rigidly united with the opposite edge portion of said peripheral member and both flanges having a plurality ofair outlet ports adjacent the peripheral member, the entire inner surface of the peripheral member being'shaped' topermit unobstructed flow of -air laterally across said surface, and impeller blades extending-from the hub to the peripheral member for causing air drawn in through said intake ports to be, discharged through said outlet "ports, said internal flange having 1 the inner surface. of its outer portion inclined in a direction toward 'the radial flange for concentrating'air driven by the blades, against the central portion of the peripheral 'imember before it is discharged through the outlet ports.

11. A brake drum comprising a hub, a radial flange extending-therefrom, a peripheral member having one of its edge portions rigidly united with theouter extremity of said radial flange, an internal flange spaced from said radial flange and :extending inwardly from said peripheral member andrigidly united with the opposite edge portion of the peripheral member, impeller blades extending outwardly from said hub, said flanges and peripheral member enclosing the -'outer end portions of said blades to form substantially radial air passageways in said drum, spaced shorter blades connecting said flanges and extending inwardly from said peripheral member, said shorter blades being arranged between said impeller,

blades and positioned substantially parallel to the axis of the drum, said flanges having a pluralityof air discharge ports arranged adjacent;

said peripheral memberand communicating with said 'air'fpas sageways and with the spaces be. tweentheshorter blades, and means at the hub" was -l ed m f r. m neflir i to a d 12 A1 brake drum comprising a hub, aperipheral member, a radial flange extending from said hub and connecting the 'latter-tosaid peripheral member, blades extending outwardly "from, said hubandterminating in said peripheral member, I.

said blades :forming a plurality of; radially-ar ranged-air passageways around said hub, an'im ternal flange spaced from said radial flange and extending inwardly from ;said peripheral'member, oneof said flanges being provided with means adjacent said hub and communicating withsaid flangesand projecting into said passageways, said shorter bladesbeing positioned parallel to-the V c axis of the central hubQand' said flangeshaving ports arranged adjacent saidperipheralmember and-said shorter blades and communicating with said passageways for'discharging 'air from said passageways and from the spaces betweenthe shorter. blades. 5

13, A brake drum comprising a hub, a-flange ,1 I

disc. having its'central portion rigidly united with saidhub, a rimhaving one of its side edge portions rigidly unitedwith the'outer edge portion of I the disc, anannular internal flange spaced from the disc and having its outer edge portion rigidly united with the otheredge portion of the rim, the; periphery "of said rimforming an annular braking surface, a ridge projecting from said surface'in. substantial alignment with the disc, substantially. radially disposed blades in the drum dividing the interior of the into pockets. and; forming means. for forcing air from theihub portion of the drum, through said pockets and. against the inner sur-,

face of theurim the entire inner surface of the rim beingshap'ed to permit unobstructed flow of, air across the interior of, the rim, means at the hub portion of the drum for admitting'air into said pockets, ports in the disc and flange positioned inclose proximity to said rim for discharging airfrom the' pockets toboth sides of the drum; and meanswithin the drum for directing air, driven by the blades, against thecentral Dortionof the rim.- 5. a 14. A brake drum comprising avhub, a flange disc having its central portion rigidly united with said hub, a rim' having one of its side "edge portions rigidly united' with the outeredge portion of the disc, an annular internal flange spaced from the disc and havingits outer edge portion rigidly united with the other edge portion of the rim, the periphery of said rim forming an annular braking-surface, a ridge projecting fromsaid surfacein substantial 'align'ment'with the disc,

substantially radially disposed blades in the drum dividing the-interior of the drum into pockets and forming means for forcing'air from the hub portionof thedrum, through said pockets and against the inner surfaceof the rim, the entire inner surface of therim being shaped to permit unobstructed flow of air across the interior of'the rimfmeans at the hub portion of the drum for admitting air into said pockets, ports in the disc andflange positioned in close-proximity to saidr'im for discharging air from .the pockets to both sides v of the. drum, and means within the drum for directing air, driven by. the bladeaEagainst the central portion of the rim, and shorterspaced blades arranged transversely of the drum be;

tween said first mentioned blades and projecting n allr f om he; 99 119 1 3 11. m mbe 6 said blades being integrally connected with the rim, disc and internal flange.

15. A brake drum comprising acentral hub member, an annular peripheral member, a radial flange connecting said hub to said peripheral member, a plurality of impeller blades extending outwardly from said hub and terminating in said peripheral member, said blades forming a plurality of radially arranged air passageways around said hub, an internal flange spaced from said radial flange and extending'inwardly, from,

said peripheral'rnember, said flanges and peripheral member enclosing the. outer portions of said blades, said flanges being provided with a plurality of air intake ports adjacent said hub member and communicating with said air passageways for the admission of air thereto,

auxiliary blades extending inwardly from said peripheral member and projecting into said air passageways, said auxiliary blades being arranged parallel to the axis of the hub member, said internal flange having its outer portion extending toward the radial flange for directing air in said passageways toward the central portion of the peripheral member, and outlet ports in said flanges adjacent the peripheral member, said first mentioned blades being adapted to cause air to circulate from said intake ports to said outlet ports through said passageways.

- I FRED E. COOPER.

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