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US1716507A - High-vacuum apparatus - Google Patents

High-vacuum apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US1716507A
US1716507A US97071A US9707126A US1716507A US 1716507 A US1716507 A US 1716507A US 97071 A US97071 A US 97071A US 9707126 A US9707126 A US 9707126A US 1716507 A US1716507 A US 1716507A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pump
nozzle
mercury
pumps
primary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US97071A
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English (en)
Inventor
Seitz Oskar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri AG Germany
Original Assignee
Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie filed Critical Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
Priority claimed from GB2380826A external-priority patent/GB270947A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1716507A publication Critical patent/US1716507A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F9/00—Diffusion pumps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/38—Exhausting, degassing, filling, or cleaning vessels
    • H01J9/385—Exhausting vessels

Definitions

  • OSKAR snrrz or BAnEmswnzEnLANn, ASSIGNOR roAKaimNerisELLscHAFr BROWN BOVERI & cm, or BADEN, SWITZERLAND, A JOINT-STOCK COMPANY or swn ZERLAND.
  • This invention relates to apparatus for producing high vacua, particularly to the sort of apparatus employing a plurality of vacuum pumps in series.
  • Another. object is the provision of such apparatus particularly adapted to automatic control, that is, to be automatically started and stopped in accordance with the demands of the evacuateddevice.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a vacuum pump
  • Fig. 2 is a similar-sectional elevation of a modified form
  • v Fig. 3 is an elevational view, with part in section, illustrating the associated connection of pumps in a two-stage assembly.
  • the character a designates a mercury vapour generating receptacle provided with a heating element a, by which the mercurycontained in the receptacle 0. may be heated to boiling for the production of mercury vapour under pressure in the receptacle.
  • a restricted discharge tube 1 terminating in the ejection nozzle 0 which discharges in the contracting throat of the compression nozzle d.
  • the compression nozzle cl comprises a tubular convergent front portion or combining tube merginginto the aforesaid throat, and a tubular divergent rear portion or deli-very tube opening into the condensing chamber e.
  • the inlet a for the gas that is tobe pumped is at the wide front end of thefcombining tube, back of the opening of .the ejection nozzle.
  • the compression nozzle d and condensing chamber 6 are cooled by circulation about them of a cooling fluid within the jacket J.
  • the condensing chamber 6 has an outlet at its top through.
  • the bafiied tube f which discharges into a trap or separator at g, which contains a liquid capable of condensing mer cury vapour and adapted to pass air outwardly to the discharge hood [1. opening to,
  • the separator is provided with asuitable connection and drain cock 5 whereby mercury contained in the seal may be drawn off.
  • a return'pipe I leads to the receptacle a, and from the closed lower end of the nozzle 03 another return pipe 70 leads to the receptacle a.
  • These return pipes are of syphonic nature and afford seals preventingpassage of air through the receptacle a.
  • the pipe is must be of suflicient length to afford an adequate head p to retain the pressure difference between the low vacuum pressure in-nozzle d and the pressure in receptacle a. 1
  • the mercury vapourgenerated in a is forcibly ejected through the vapor nozzlev a entraining with it the air in the surrounding combining tube and compressing it inthe throat of the nozzle 0?, wherein it is cooled by the surrounding cooling'fluid, and discharged into the condensing chamber e at something in excess of atmospheric pressure.
  • the greater part of the mercury vapour is condensed, and'returns to receptacle a through pipelc.
  • the compressed air leaves through pipe 7 passing through the.
  • the tube 6 is extended up to the top of the device whereit discharges into the nozzle 0 in such ,relationship that after discharge from b the direction of the mercury yapouiis reversed and it is emitted from the nozzle in the downward direction in the v compression nozzle 03.
  • the latter leads to the condensing chamber-e in which the mercury'vapour is condensed and returns to re-' the features which make them suitable for.
  • Fig. 3 is illustrated such two-stage ar rangement in which I designates the high vacuum pump having its inlet at 10 from the evacuated chamber and its air outlet at 11, the air being conducted through thepipe 12. to the vessel 14 which contains the mercury-for effecting a barometric seal between the pipe 12 and the pipe 15 leading to the air inlet 11' of the preliminary or leading air pump II, here shown as the form illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • the air is raised ,to a pressure of some 10 or 20 mm. mercury, and, entering the leading pump II at that pressure is raised to a pressure permitting its discharge to atmosphere.
  • Fig. 3 also shows the arrangement for circu lating fluid. The fluid is introduced first to the cooling jacket of the high vacuum pump,.I.at 16, and leaves the same at 17, whence it is conducted-to the inlet 1 of the leading pump II, from which it is. dischar ed at m.
  • the apparatus possesses distinct advantages in its freedom from mechanical complications such as necessarily are involved in pumps having moving parts which have to be actuated from external sources.
  • Vacuum apparatus in combination, a primary high vacuum pump of the diffusion type and a secondary pump connected to the exhaust oi? the primary pump, said secondary pump comprising means for producing a vapour jet arranged to compress the gas received from the primary pump to super- ZLtHlOSPllGllC pressure.
  • Vacuum apparatus comprising, in combination, a primary Vacuum pump of the mercury vapour jet type, a secondary pump in series with the primary pump, said sec ondary pump discharging to atmosphere, and a uni-direction seal between the pumps permitting flow of gas from the primary to the secondary pump only.
  • Vacuum apparatus comprising, in combination, a primary mercury vapor high vacuum pump, a secondary mercury vapor pump in series with the primary pump for compressing the gas received from said primary pump to super-atmospheric pressure, a seal for the discharge of the secondary pump to prevent escape of mercury vapor from said pump, and a uni-direction seal between the primary and secondary pumps permitting gas flow in the direction to the secondary pump only.
  • Vacuum apparatus comprising, in combination, a primary high vacuum pump of the mercury vapour type, a secondary pump in series therewith, said. secondary pump being of the mercury vapour jet type, and means for circulating a vaporcondensing cooling medium through said pumps in series.
  • Vacuum apparatus comprising in combination, a compression nozzle having a contracted throat, .a condensing chamber into which said nozzle discharges, said condensing chamber having air outlet through a mercury vapor seal, an ejector nozzle discharging through the compression nozzle towards the condensing chamber, a mercury vapour generator supplying.
  • said ejector nozzle a conduit for return of condensate from the condensing chamber to the gen-- compression nozzle opening into the condensing chamber, an ejector nozzle discharging through the compression nozzle, a mercury vapor generator supplying the ejector nozzle, means for cooling the condensing chamber, a conduit :for returning condensate from said chamber to the generator, and a barometric seal in said conduit.
  • a vapor jet vacuum pump comprising a boiler for generating vapor at substantially super-atmospheric pressure, a vapor discharge nozzle extending from said boiler, a compression nozzle having a convergin combining tube, a throat at the narrow en of said tube, a discharge tube extending from said throat on the other side of said combining tube, said vapor discharge nozzle extending into said combining tube opening toward said throat, a condensing chamber associated with said discharge tube, a gas inlet opening into said combining tube back of said nozzle, a gas discharge opening in said condensing chamber, means for cool por discharge type, one of said pumps constituting the primary unit and being arranged for impelling gas from a relatively high vacuum against a relatively low pressure head, the other of said pumps constituting the secondary unit and being arranged to impel the exhaust from the pri-' mary unit for discharge under atmospheric pressure conditions, a distinct mercury boiler for the primary unit, a distinctmercury boiler for the sescondary unit, means for maintaining a pressure difference
  • a vapour generator In vacuum apparatus, a vapour generator, a chamber disposed above and communicating with said generator and being operable to receive and effect condensation of the vapour supplied thereby, and, a trap providing a vapour-condensate return from said chamber to said generator and comprising legs disposed below thenormal level of the operating liquid in said generator, one of said legs being connected to said chamber, the other of said legs being connected to said generator at substantially such normal level.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
US97071A 1925-03-28 1926-03-24 High-vacuum apparatus Expired - Lifetime US1716507A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEA44588D DE518095C (de) 1925-03-28 1925-03-28 Entlueftungseinrichtung zur Erzeugung hoher Vakua
GB2380826A GB270947A (en) 1926-09-27 1926-09-27 Improvements in exhausting apparatus for the production of a high vacuum

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1716507A true US1716507A (en) 1929-06-11

Family

ID=25963983

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US97071A Expired - Lifetime US1716507A (en) 1925-03-28 1926-03-24 High-vacuum apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US1716507A (de)
DE (1) DE518095C (de)
FR (1) FR621298A (de)
NL (1) NL19693C (de)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR621298A (fr) 1927-05-09
DE518095C (de) 1931-02-13
NL19693C (de)

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