US1634372A - Electrode - Google Patents

Description

1,634, 72 July 5, 2 R. LEWERS 3 ELECTRODE Fi led Oct. 11, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 A TTORNEYS July 5, 1927. v 1,634,372

G. R. LEWERS ELECTRODE Filed Oct. ll, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 7 r 1 i i /2 A? g 1 /0 WITE.

Jill l m WITNESS l lNl/E/VTOR I GEORGE/P. LEM/ms A TTOR/VEYS Patented July 5, 1927.

JTEE STATES PATENT OFFlCE.

NEW YORK, ASSIGNOB N. Y. A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

T0 GENERAL CHEMICAL nancrnonn.

Application filed October My invention relates to electrodes, and more particularly to electrodes foruse in precipitators of the type commonly known as Cottrell precipita-tors, and has for its object to provide a discharge electrode of simplified and novel construction, whereby an electric corona of increased efliciency as a precipitating medium is created in practice. The invention contemplates further an electrode construction which permits the elect-rode supporting means to be simplified without interfering with the efficiency of the precipitator. Other objects of my invention will appear from the description hereinafter and the features of novelty will be pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate a specific embodiment of the invention without defining its limits, Figure 1 is a sectional view illustrating a precipitator with my improved electrode included therein; Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the electrode,.partly in section, and Fig. 3 is a crosssection on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

In connection with. discharge electrodes of the type in question, several problems present themselves for solution before a satisfactory result is obtained; 'for instance, the greater the number of discharge points uponthe surface of the electrode, the more eflicient will be'the resulting electrical corona when the electrode is in use; furthermore, the electrode must possess a certain stability in the direction of its length in practice. With these oints in mind, discharge electrodes have een constructed in the form 0 rods of lead having. a star shape in crosssection; because of the pliability of the lead, it has been necessary to construct such electrodes with cores of iron in order to secure the desired stability; electrodes so constructed, because of their weight, have a tendency to whip under electrical stresses when the precipitatoris in operation, and consequently must be held at the bottom.

All of these disadvantages and objections are overcome in the present case, in which the electrode itself comprises a preferably metallic shell illustrated in the form of a tube of lead 5, the outer surface of which is finely serrated or fluted in the direction of its length to provide a multi licity' of discharge points 6, as shown in 9 of lead and freely suspended ig. 3; the op- A 11, 1922. Serial no. 593,690.

posite end of the tube 5 are closed by means of lead' caps 7. The-tube 5, at one end, ex tends through a sleeve 8 having a covering of larger diameter internally than the external diameter of the tube 7, which is fixed in said sleeve by a filling of lead 10 which is poured into the annular space bet-ween said sleeve and tube in a molten state, the lower end of said sleeve, about the tube, being temporarily closed in any suitable manner, as by being plugged with a packing of oakum during the time the lead is being poured; a pin'll extends transversely through the sleeve 8 near its one end and through the tube 5 to support the latter against lengthwise movement relatively to said, pipe. The sleeve 8 is screwt-hreaded at its one end for connection with the supporting element which, in the illustrated example, is shown in the form of a ship channel 12 provided with a covering of lead 13; a cap of lead 14: is formed on the projecting end of the electrode 5 by pouring molten lead into a suitable mold temporarily placed in position and encloses the upper end of the sleeve 8 and the pin'll. 1

With this arrangement, the electrode is and extends into the customary collecting electrodes 15, it being understood that an operative preoipitator may include a plurality of electrodes, the discharge electrodes being suspended at spaced intervals, for instance, from the ship channel 12, as shown. Because of the serrated f or fluted construction of the tubes 5, the same inherent stability to render.

possess sufficient the use of cores of any description unnecessary; for. the same reason, the lower ends of said tubes need not be held, but on the contrary, said tubm may. be permitted to hang freely from the supporting element 12. The absence of a core and the construction of the tubes in redetermined carefully calculated sizes obviates any electrical stresses; at the same time, the great multiplicity of points 6 provide electrical 'coronas of greater efficiency than has heretofore been possible, while the general construction reduces the consumption of power to alow point and reduces the supporting means to its simplest form.

Various modifications may be made within tendency to whip underthe opposite ends of the scope of the claims Without departing from the nature of my invention, as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A discharge electrode for electrical precipitators comprising a tube closed at its opposite ends and provided upon its outer surface with a multiplicity of relatively fine serrations, each of which is continuous in the direction of the tube, and the discharge apex of each of which is in such close parallel relation to the discharge apices of its neighbors as, in effect, to come Within the range of influence thereof, whereby concentrated discharges tending to form disruptive ares are prevented, said tube having an empty axial bore, and means whereby said electrode is freely suspended.

2. A discharge electrode for electrical precipitators comprising a tube closed at its opposite ends and provided upon its outer surface with a multiplicity of relatively fine serrations, each of which is continuous in the direction of the tube, and the discharge apex of each of which is in such close parallel relation to the discharge apices of its neighbors, as, in effect, to come within the range of influence thereof whereby concentrated discharges tending to form disruptive arcs are prevented, said tube having an empty axial bore, adapted for connection with a supporting element, and means whereby said electrode is freely suspended in said sleeve.

3. A discharge electrode for an electrical precipitator comprising a tube closed at its opposite ends and provided upon its outer surface with a multiplicity of relatively fine serrations, said tube having an empty axial a lead covered sleeve bore, a lead-covered sleeve adapted for connection with a supporting element, a filling of lead whereby said electrode is freely suspended in said sleeve, and a pin extending transversely through said sleeve and tube to fix the latter against relative lengthwise movement.

4. A discharge electrode for an electrical precipitator comprising a tube closed at its opposite ends and provided upon its outer surface with a multiplicity of relatively fine serrations, said tube having an empty axial bore, a lead-covered sleeve adapted for con nection with a supporting element, a filling of lead whereby said electrode is freely suspended in said sleeve, a pin extending transversely through said sleeve and tube to fix the latter against relative lengthwise movement, and a cap of lead covering the end of said sleeve and the opposite ends of said pin.

5. In a precipitator of the kind described, the combination of a plurality of tubular collecting electrodes, a supporting channel having a lead covering, a plurality of leadcovered sleeves connected with said channel, discharge ele trodes comprising tubes of lead provided with a multiplicity of relatively fine serrations, fillings of lead whereby said electrodes are freely suspended in said sleeves to hang freely from said channel into said collecting electrodes, pins extending transversely through said sleeves and tubes for fixing the latter against relative lengthwise movement, and caps of lead surrounding the tubes and covering one end of said sleeves and the opposite ends of said pin.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand. 7

- GEORGE R. LEWERS.

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