TWI754688B - 纖維強化複合材料及纖維強化複合材料之製造方法 - Google Patents
纖維強化複合材料及纖維強化複合材料之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI754688B TWI754688B TW106136736A TW106136736A TWI754688B TW I754688 B TWI754688 B TW I754688B TW 106136736 A TW106136736 A TW 106136736A TW 106136736 A TW106136736 A TW 106136736A TW I754688 B TWI754688 B TW I754688B
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Abstract
本發明之課題在於提供具備優良創作面之纖維強化複合材料與纖維強化複合材料之製造方法。
本發明係纖維強化複合材料係至少含有於強化纖維中含浸著樹脂的預浸材[a]及未含浸樹脂的基材[b];該纖維強化複合材料具有於上述預浸材[a]中使預浸材[a]至少2片連續積層的構造;並包含對上述基材[b]之兩側藉上述預浸材[a]夾層積層的構造。
Description
本發明係關於纖維強化複合材料及纖維強化複合材料之製造方法。
纖維強化複合材料由於強度、剛性及導電性等優越而有用。已廣泛拓展至航空機構造構件、風車葉片、汽車外裝材、汽車內裝材、以及IC承載盤或筆記型電腦之框體等電腦用途等,其需要逐年增加。
纖維強化複合材料係例如將以強化纖維與樹脂作為必須構成要素的預浸材進行成形而成的材料。於使用此材料的情況,已知若於成形前或成形中在預浸材之樹脂部分殘存著空氣或揮發成分,則所得纖維強化複合材料將於表面發生針孔或於內部發生空隙。因此,以使由預浸材所得之纖維強化複合材料之表面針孔或內部空隙減低為目的,已提案有各種技術。
其中之一提案了在使樹脂含浸於強化纖維中的預浸材層之間,介設未含浸樹脂之基材而形成預浸材積層體。例如,提案有將SMC(Sheet Molding Compound)成形材料與未含浸樹脂之不織布進行壓製成形,造成纖維強化複合材料的技術(參照專利文獻1)。又,另外提案有在使聚丙烯等樹脂含浸於強化纖維中的預浸材的材料間,積層未含浸樹脂之纖維墊並成形的纖維強化樹脂成形品的技術(參照專利文獻2)。
此等技術係抑制以流動性為起因的纖維波紋,其結果可抑制SMC成形品表面發生凹凸的情形。結果纖維強化複合材料之表面平滑化、或積層成形時僅有樹脂之層消失,積層間強度變強,而可提升纖維強化複合材料之剝離強度。然而,即使對纖維強化複合材料之表面施加設計仍無法得到所需的設計。以下將欲進行設計之纖維強化複合材料之表面稱為創作面。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開2008-246981號公報
專利文獻2:日本專利特開平5-269909號公報
本發明目的在於提供具備優越創作面之碳纖維強化複合材料。
本發明為了達成上述目的,而揭示以下態樣。
首先,作為預浸材積層體揭示以下發明。
(1)一種預浸材積層體,係含有於強化纖維中含浸著樹脂的預浸材[a]及未含浸樹脂的基材[b];該預浸材積層體具有於上述預浸材[a]中使預浸材[a]至少2片連續積層的構造;並包含對上述基材[b]之兩側藉上述預浸材[a]夾層積層的構 造。
而且,作為上述發明之較佳態樣有如以下者。
(2)如上述預浸材積層體,其中,上述預浸材積層體之至少一表面為創作面,上述基材[b]係積層於由上述創作面側起第2層或第3層。
(3)如上述任一者之預浸材積層體,其中,上述預浸材積層體之至少一表面為創作面,並由上述創作面側之最外層起依序具有預浸材[a]、基材[b]及使2片以上之預浸材[a]連續積層的構造。
(4)如上述任一者之預浸材積層體,其中,上述基材[b]之基重為5~100g/m2。
(5)如上述任一者之預浸材積層體,其中,上述基材[b]之厚度為0.1~1.5mm。
(6)如上述任一者之預浸材積層體,其中,上述基材[b]含有碳纖維或玻璃纖維,該纖維為不連續。
(7)如上述任一者之預浸材積層體,其中,以下定義之預浸材構造體[a1]之厚度為以下定義之預浸材[a2]1片之厚度的0.2~9倍;預浸材構造體[a1]:積層於上述基材[b]之一面者,由使上述預浸材[a]2片以上連續積層之上述預浸材[a]所構成的構造體;預浸材[a2]:積層於上述基材[b]之另一面的預浸材[a](其中,在積層了上述預浸材[a]的情況則為預浸材[a]之積層體)。
(8)如上述任一者之預浸材積層體,其中,上述基材[b]之厚度係以下定義之預浸材構造體[a1]之厚度的0.1~3.0倍;預浸材構造體[a1]:積層於上述基材[b]之一面者,由使上述預浸材[a]2片以上連續積層之上述預浸材[a]所構成的構造體。
而且,作為纖維強化複合材料揭示以下發明。
(9)一種纖維強化複合材料,係使用上述任一項之預浸材積層體者,在將來自上述預浸材[a]之纖維強化複合材料層[A]之纖維體積含有率設為VfA,將來自上述基材[b]之纖維強化複合材料層[B]之纖維體積含有率設為VfB時,具有VfA>VfB之關係。
而且,作為上述發明之較佳態樣有如以下。
(10)如上述纖維強化複合材料,其中,纖維強化複合材料層[B]含有樹脂,所含浸之樹脂係原本含浸於上述預浸材[a]中的樹脂。
(11)如上述任一者之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述纖維強化複合材料層[B]之纖維體積含有率為40%以下。
(12)如上述任一者之纖維強化複合材料,其中,存在於上述纖維強化複合材料層[B]兩側之纖維強化複合材料層[A]的纖維體積含有率分別為55%以上。
(13)如上述任一者之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述纖維強化複合材料層[B]之空隙含有率係較纖維強化複合材料層[A]之空隙含有率高。
(14)如上述任一者之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述纖維強化複合材料層[B]所含之空隙,係於沿著上述預浸材積層體之積層方面的切剖面中,於切剖面之中央部分分佈著80~100%。
又,本發明係揭示以下之纖維強化複合材料之製造方法。
(15)一種纖維強化複合材料之製造方法,係具有對上述任一項之預浸材積層體進行加熱及加壓成形的步驟。
作為纖維強化複合材料之製造方法的較佳態樣有如 以下者。
(16)如上述纖維強化複合材料之製造方法,其中,於上述任一進行成形的步驟中,包含進一步依-80kPa以下(錶壓)之壓力進行的步驟。
(17)如上述任一者之纖維強化複合材料之製造方法,其中,於加熱及加壓之步驟中,預浸材[a]所含之樹脂係含欲浸至基材[b]中者。
根據本發明,可獲得具有優越創作面的纖維強化複合材料。
1‧‧‧創作面
2‧‧‧預浸材[a]群
2a1、2a2、2a3、2b1、2b2‧‧‧預浸材[a]
3‧‧‧基材[b]
10‧‧‧預浸材積層體
圖1為本發明之一實施形態之預浸材積層體的概略圖。
圖2為本發明之另一實施形態之預浸材積層體的概略圖。
圖3為本發明之其他實施形態之預浸材積層體的概略圖。
圖4為本發明之其他實施形態之預浸材積層體的概略圖。
以下使用圖式說明實施形態。又,本發明並未限定於圖式或實施例。
本發明之預浸材積層體,係含有於強化纖維中含浸著樹脂的2片以上之預浸材[a]及未含浸樹脂的1片以上之基材[b]者。而且,其此積層體係具有使於強化纖維中含浸了樹脂之預浸材[a]至少2片連續積層的構造,並包含對基材[b]之兩側藉預浸材[a]夾層積層的構成。
圖1所示之預浸材積層體10,係於基材[b]3之兩側配置預浸材[a],對基材[b]3夾層積層。於基材[b]3上側具有預浸材[a]2a2並進一步於其上具有預浸材[a]2a1。於如此鄰接配置的情況,可成為所謂「連續地」。又,於基材[b]3下側具有預浸材[a]2b1。預浸材[a]2b1之表面成為創作面1。
在對預浸材積層體10藉壓製等進行壓縮成形時,含浸於預浸材[a]中之樹脂係移動至基材[b]3、含浸至基材[b]3所包含的纖維之間。藉由將預浸材[a]2a1及預浸材[a]2a2組合連續2層進行積層,並進行加熱、加壓而製造纖維強化複合材料時,使樹脂由此等預浸材[a]含浸至基材[b]3,或另一方面使此預浸材[a]所含之空氣或揮發成分、與具有創作面之預浸材[a]2b1所含之樹脂一起移動至基材[b]3,藉此可得到具有優越創作面1的纖維強化複合材料。
本發明所使用之預浸材[a]係至少含有強化纖維與樹脂。
作為預浸材[a]所使用之強化纖維,並無特別限制,可舉例如以下者。
鋁纖維、黃銅纖維、不鏽鋼纖維等之金屬纖維;PAN系碳纖維、嫘縈系碳纖維、木質素系碳纖維、瀝青系碳纖維之碳纖維;黑鉛纖維;玻璃纖維;芳醯胺纖維、PBO纖維、聚苯硫醚纖維、聚酯纖維、丙烯酸纖維、尼龍纖維、聚乙烯纖維等之有機纖維;碳化矽纖維、氮化矽纖維等之無機纖維。
又,亦可對此等纖維施行表面處理。作為表面處理, 除了作為導電體之金屬之黏附處理之外,尚有如偶合劑之處理、上漿劑之處理、接著劑之處理、添加劑之附著處理等。
此等強化纖維可單獨使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。其中,由輕量化效果的觀點而言,較佳係比強度、比剛性優越的PAN系碳纖維、瀝青系碳纖維、嫘縈系碳纖維等之碳纖維。
又,由提高所得積層體之經濟性的觀點而言,較佳為使用較廉價之玻璃纖維。由力學特性與經濟性之平衡而言,特佳為併用碳纖維與玻璃纖維。
進而由提高所得纖維強化複合材料之衝擊吸收性或積層體之賦形性的觀點而言,較佳為使用芳醯胺纖維,由力學特性與衝擊吸收性之平衡而言,特佳為併用碳纖維與芳醯胺纖維。
又,由提高所得纖維強化複合材料之導電性的觀點而言,亦可使用被覆了鎳或銅或鐿等金屬的強化纖維。此等之中,更佳可使用強度與彈性係數等力學特性優越的PAN系碳纖維。
關於強化纖維之形態,連續、不連續之形態不拘。若為連續之形態者,其配列不拘。其中,為了獲得輕量且耐久性更高水準的纖維強化複合材料,強化纖維較佳係於一方向拉齊之長纖維、織物、絲束及粗紗等連續纖維之形態。
作為織物之組織,可舉例如平紋組織、斜紋織、緞紋組織等。
若為不連續之形態者,由混練容易之觀點而言,較佳係以纖維長為未滿15mm之強化纖維作為填充材進行混練。
又,作為預浸材[a]所使用之樹脂,並無特別限制,可舉例如熱硬化性樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂。
作為熱硬化性樹脂,較佳使用環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、乙 烯酯樹脂、苯并樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、氧環丁烷樹脂、順丁烯二醯亞胺樹脂、不飽和聚酯樹脂、脲樹脂、三聚氰胺樹脂等之熱硬化性樹脂等。此等亦可使用摻合了2種以上之樹脂等。其中,由積層體之力學特性、耐熱性之觀點而言,較佳係環氧樹脂、酚樹脂、乙烯酯樹脂。除了積層體之力學特性、或耐熱性之外,由操作性的觀點而言,更佳係環氧樹脂。環氧樹脂係為了表現其優越的力學特性,較佳係含有作為所使用樹脂的主成分,具體而言係於樹脂組成物每單位中含有60質量%以上。
環氧樹脂適合使用以胺類、酚類、具有碳-碳雙鍵之化合物作為前驅物的環氧樹脂。
作為環氧樹脂之硬化劑,若為具有可與環氧基進行反應之活性基的化合物即可使用。作為硬化劑,適合為具有胺基、酸酐基及疊氮基的化合物。作為硬化劑,可舉例如二氰二醯胺、二胺基二苯基甲烷或二胺基二苯基碸之各種異構物,胺基苯甲酸酯類、各種酸酐、酚系酚醛清漆樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆樹脂、聚酚化合物、咪唑衍生物、脂肪族胺、四甲基胍、硫基尿素加成胺、甲基六氫酞酸酐般之羧酸酐,羧酸肼、羧酸醯胺、聚巰及三氟硼乙基胺錯合物般之路易斯酸錯合物等。此等硬化劑可單獨使用或併用。
藉由使用芳香族二胺作為硬化劑,可獲得耐熱性良好之硬化樹脂。尤其是二胺基二苯基碸之各種異構物,最適合用於獲得耐熱性良好的硬化樹脂。芳香族二胺作為硬化劑的添加量,較佳係依化學計量上成為等量的方式添加,但視情況,例如藉由設為當量比0.7~0.8附近,可得到高彈性係數的硬化樹脂。
又,藉由使用二氰二醯胺與尿素化合物、例如3,4-二 氯苯基-1,1-二甲基脲的組合,或使用咪唑類作為硬化劑,可獲得依較低溫進行硬化且高耐熱耐水性。藉由使用酸酐進行硬化,可較胺化合物硬化造成吸水率更低的硬化樹脂。此外,可使用將此等硬化劑經潛伏化者,例如經微膠囊化者。
環氧樹脂用硬化劑中,二氰二醯胺與尿素化合物之組合由於可依145℃以上之溫度於10分鐘以內硬化,故適合使用。
又,並不限定於僅有此等環氧樹脂及硬化劑的組成,亦可將此等一部分經預備反應物調配至組成物中。此方法有能有效進行黏度調節或保存穩定性提升的情形。
上述熱硬化性樹脂中,亦適合將熱可塑性樹脂溶解使用。作為此種熱可塑性樹脂,一般較佳係於主鏈具有選自碳-碳鍵、醯胺鍵、醯亞胺鍵、酯鍵、醚鍵、碳酸酯鍵、胺基甲酸乙酯鍵、硫醚鍵、碸鍵及羰基鍵之鍵的熱可塑性樹脂。
亦可部分地具有交聯構造。又,可為結晶性、非晶性之任一種。若例示溶解於熱硬化性樹脂之樹脂,有如聚醯胺樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚縮醛樹脂、聚苯醚樹脂、聚苯硫醚樹脂、聚芳酯樹脂、聚酯樹脂、聚醯胺醯亞胺樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚醚醯亞胺樹脂、具有苯基三甲基茚烷構造之聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚碸樹脂、聚醚碸樹脂、聚醚酮樹脂、聚醚醚酮樹脂、聚芳醯胺樹脂、聚醚腈樹脂及聚苯并咪唑樹脂。
作為熱可塑性樹脂可舉例如以下者。
聚乙烯樹脂、聚丙烯樹脂、聚丁烯樹脂等之聚烯烴樹脂;聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯樹脂、聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯樹脂、聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯樹脂、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯樹脂、液晶聚酯等之聚酯樹 脂;聚醯胺樹脂、聚氧亞甲基樹脂、聚苯硫醚樹脂等之聚芳硫醚樹脂;聚酮樹脂、聚醚酮樹脂、聚醚醚酮樹脂、聚醚酮酮樹脂、聚醚腈樹脂、聚四氟乙烯樹脂等之氟系樹脂,液晶聚合物樹脂等之結晶性樹脂;聚苯乙烯樹脂、聚碳酸酯樹脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯樹脂、聚氯乙烯樹脂、聚伸苯基醚樹脂、聚醯亞胺樹脂、聚醯胺醯亞胺樹脂、聚醚醯亞胺樹脂、聚碸樹脂、聚醚碸樹脂、聚芳酯樹脂等之非晶性樹脂;酚系樹脂、苯氧基樹脂、進而聚苯乙烯樹脂系、聚烯烴樹脂系、聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂系、聚酯樹脂系、聚醯胺樹脂系、聚丁二烯樹脂系、聚異戊二烯樹脂系、氟系樹脂及聚丙烯腈樹脂系等之熱可塑性彈性體等,或進一步選自此等之共聚合體或改質體等的熱可塑性樹脂。
其中,由所得積層體之輕量性的觀點而言,較佳為聚烯烴樹脂,由強度之觀點而言,較佳為聚醯胺樹脂,由表面外觀之觀點而言,較佳為使用聚酯樹脂。
於含浸於預浸材[a]之樹脂中,在不損及本發明目的之範圍,亦可含有彈性體或橡膠成分等之耐衝擊性提升劑、其他之填充材或添加劑。作為此等之例,可舉例如無機填充材、難燃劑、導電性賦予劑、結晶核劑、紫外線吸收劑、抗氧化劑、制振劑、抗菌劑、防蟲劑、防臭劑、防著色劑、熱穩定劑、脫模劑、抗靜電劑、可塑劑、潤滑劑、著色劑、顏料、染料、發泡劑、制泡劑或偶合劑。
又,其他亦可含有填充材。作為填充材,可舉例如碳 酸鈣、滑石、二氧化矽、黏土、玻璃片、兒茶素、沸土、氧化矽空球、玻璃空球、矽酸空球(shirasu balloon)、碳黑、碳奈米管、富勒烯、黑鉛、金屬粉、金屬箔、肥粒鐵材料、氧化鋁、鈦酸鋇、鈦酸鋯酸鉛、硫酸鋇、氧化鈦、玻璃珠、氧化鋁、氧化銻、水滑石、紅磷、碳酸鋅、氧化鈣等。其中,由成形性的觀點而言,較佳係含有連續之強化纖維的中間基材。
預浸材積層體所使用之基材[b],由成形時樹脂容易含浸而言,較佳含有纖維。
作為基材[b]中可使用之纖維,可舉例以下者。
鋁纖維、黃銅纖維、不鏽鋼纖維等之金屬纖維;PAN系碳纖維、嫘縈系碳纖維、木質素系碳纖維、瀝青系碳纖維之碳纖維;黑鉛纖維、玻璃纖維;芳醯胺纖維、PBO纖維、聚苯硫醚纖維、聚酯纖維、丙烯酸纖維、尼龍纖維、聚乙烯纖維等之有機纖維;碳化矽纖維、氮化矽纖維等之無機纖維。
又,亦可對此等纖維進行表面處理。作為表面處理,除了作為導電體之金屬之黏附處理之外,尚有如偶合劑之處理、上漿劑之處理、接著劑之處理、添加劑之附著處理等。又,此等強化纖維可單獨使用1種,亦可併用2種以上。其中,由輕量化效果的觀點而言,較佳為使用比強度、比剛性優越的PAN系碳纖維、瀝青系碳纖維、嫘縈系碳纖維等碳纖維。
又,由提高所得預浸材積層體之經濟性的觀點而言,適合使用較廉價的玻璃纖維,尤其由力學特性與經濟性之平衡而 言,特佳為併用碳纖維與玻璃纖維。
進而,由提高所得纖維強化複合材料之衝擊吸收性或積層體之賦形性的觀點而言,較佳為使用芳醯胺纖維。進而由力學特性與衝擊吸收性之平衡而言,較佳為併用碳纖維與芳醯胺纖維。又,由提高所得纖維強化複合材料之導電性的觀點而言,亦可使用被覆了鎳或銅或鐿等金屬的強化纖維。此等之中,更佳可使用強度與彈性係數等力學特性優越的PAN系碳纖維,或由提高所得積層體之經濟性的觀點而言更佳可使用玻璃纖維。
基材[b]若為未含浸樹脂者即可,作為形態可舉例如不織布、織物、編物、墊。
作為織物之組織,可舉例如平紋組織、斜紋織、緞紋組織等。
基材[b]較佳係含有碳纖維或玻璃纖維。更佳係纖維不連續者。藉由含有碳纖維之基材可獲得強度、彈性係數優越的纖維強化複合材料,或藉由含有玻璃纖維之基材可獲得經濟性優越的纖維強化複合材料。若為纖維不連續之基材,則可廣範圍地調整基材厚度,故可調整所得纖維強化複合材料之厚度而較佳。
又,預浸材積層體係預浸材積層體之至少一表面為創作面1,由抑制所得纖維強化複合材料之創作面之針孔而言,較佳係作成為使預浸材[a]積層為創作面1側之最外層及第2層或第3層。
如圖1、圖2所示,藉由作成從創作面1配置預浸材[a]2b1、接著基材[b]3的預浸材積層體10,成為創作面1之預浸材[a]2b1的空氣或揮發成分將與樹脂一起含浸、移動至基材[b]3。其結果可得到纖維強化複合材料之優越創作面。亦即,預浸材積層體 係至少一表面成為創作面者,由抑制所得纖維強化複合材料之創作面之針孔而言,較佳係由創作面側起依序配置預浸材[a]、基材[b]、然後預浸材[a]連續積層2片以上之構造。
參照圖3、圖4。由創作面起依序配置預浸材[a]2b2、預浸材[a]2b1,使預浸材[a]成為2層。進而於預浸材[a]2b1上配置基材[b]3而可作成預浸材積層體10。由於積層步驟不複雜,且造成創作面1之預浸材[a]2b1中之空氣或揮發成分將與樹脂一起浸出至基材[b]3,故可獲得纖維強化複合材料之優越的創作面1,故較佳。
再者,如圖4所示,於基材[b]3上進一步依序積層預浸材[a]2a2及預浸材[a]2a1,預浸材[a]之全體之積層數較多的預浸材積層體10亦為較佳態樣。圖4之預浸材積層體10中,係於基材[b]3之單側依序配置預浸材[a]2a2、預浸材[a]2a1,於另一側依序配置預浸材[a]2b1、預浸材[a]2b2的構造。
又,預浸材積層體所使用之基材[b]的基重,較佳為5~100g/m2。藉此,可達到預浸材積層體之成形性之提升與纖維強化複合材料之創作性的兼顧。更佳係5~80g/m2、再更佳5~50g/m2、又更佳5~35g/m2。
在基重較小的情況,有於所得纖維強化複合材料之創作面的針孔變多的情形,若大於100g/m2,則成形中之樹脂對基材[b]的含浸不足、有所得纖維強化複合材料力學特性發生問題之情形。
又,本發明之預浸材積層體所含的基材[b]的厚度,較佳為0.1~1.5mm之範圍內。藉此,可兼顧樹脂對基材[b]之含浸性與纖維強化複合材料的創作性。更佳為0.1~1mm、再更佳0.1~0.5mm。 在厚度未滿0.1mm的情況,有所得纖維強化複合材料之創作面的針孔變多的情形;若超過1.5mm,有所得纖維強化複合材料之力學特性發生問題的情形。
又,預浸材積層體較佳係以下定義之預浸材構造體[a1]之厚度為以下定義之預浸材[a2]1片之厚度的0.2~9倍。
預浸材構造體[a1]:積層於上述基材[b]之一面者,由使上述預浸材[a]2片以上連續積層之上述預浸材[a]所構成的構造體; 預浸材[a2]:積層於上述基材[b]之另一面的預浸材[a](其中,在積層了上述預浸材[a]的情況則為預浸材[a]之積層體)。
藉由此厚度比率,可兼顧對基材[b]3之含浸性與纖維強化複合材料之創作性。更佳為0.5~5倍、再更佳1~3倍。
又,預浸材積層體10較佳係基材[b]之厚度為上述預浸材構造體[a1]之厚度的0.1~3.0倍。藉此,可達到兼顧對基材[b]3之含浸性與纖維強化複合材料之創作性。更佳為0.2~2倍、再更佳0.5~1倍。
又,作為預浸材積層體之預浸材[a]亦可使用相異組成之2種以上。可配合纖維強化複合材料所要求之力學特性或纖維強化複合材料之厚度等而設計預浸材積層體。
預浸材積層體係藉由含有使於強化纖維中含浸了樹脂的預浸材[a]連續2片以上積層的構造,利用成形操作,即使樹脂由預浸材[a]含浸至基材[b]後,仍空隙含有率低,其結果成為具有強度等優越力學特性的纖維強化複合材料。又,此材料具有針孔少之創作面。
另一方面,在不積層含有樹脂之預浸材,將此預浸材與未含浸樹脂之基材交替積層的積層體的情況,由於預浸材之樹脂 含浸供給至基材中而纖維強化複合材料之纖維體積含有率變高,空隙含有率容易變高。或有果然容易發生創作面之針孔的情形。
一般預浸材積層體係配合目標之纖維強化複合材料之力學特性、厚度等而積層預浸材所獲得。在使用了單方面預浸材的情況,為了使纖維強化複合材料表現異向性,可採取作成為擬似等向積層等的對策。
接著說明關於本發明之纖維強化複合材料。此纖維強化複合材料係包含:均來自於強化纖維含浸了樹脂之預浸材[a]的纖維強化複合材料層[A];與來自於未含浸樹脂之基材[b]的纖維強化複合材料層[B]。
本發明之纖維強化複合材料中之纖維強化複合材料層[A]係預浸材[a]之樹脂硬化或固化。
本發明之纖維強化複合材料中之纖維強化複合材料層[B],係預浸材[a]原有中一部分樹脂含浸於基材[b],於其中樹脂硬化或固體者。
本發明之纖維強化複合材料較佳係在將纖維強化複合材料層[A]之平均纖維體積含有率設為VfA,將纖維強化複合材料層[B]之纖維體積含有率設為VfB時,具有VfA>VfB之關係。
由纖維強化複合材料之創作性的觀點而言,更佳係VfA為55%以上、VfB為40%以下。
又,本發明之纖維強化複合材料中,含浸於纖維強化複合材料層[B]之樹脂係原本含浸於預浸材[a]中的樹脂。藉此,於成形中,創作面之預浸材[a]原本含有之空氣或揮發成分將與樹脂一起移動至基材[b],藉此可獲得優良創作面的纖維強化複合材料。
本發明之纖維強化複合材料中,對纖維強化複合材料層[A]夾層積層之兩側的纖維強化複合材料層[A]的纖維體積含有率,較佳均為55~90%。藉此,纖維強化複合材料之力學特性及創作性優越。更佳為60~90%、再更佳70~80%。若纖維體積含有率較小,則纖維強化複合材料層[A]所含之樹脂層變多,空氣或揮發成分變得不易移動至纖維強化複合材料層[B],而有無法充分達成纖維強化複合材料之創作性的情形。
又,由預浸材原有之樹脂之含浸性的觀點而言,纖維強化複合材料層[B]之纖維體積含有率較佳為1~40%。更佳2~30%、再更佳2~10%。
本發明之纖維強化複合材料中,由可提升纖維強化複合材料之創作性而言,較佳係纖維強化複合材料層[B]之空隙含有率較纖維強化複合材料層[A]之各層之空隙含有率之平均高。
又,纖維強化複合材料層[B]之空隙,較佳係於沿著預浸材[a]及基材[b]之積層方向的切剖面中,於纖維強化複合材料層[B]之中央部分分佈著80~100%。此係由於所得纖維強化複合材料中各層間之接黏性提高所致。
接著說明關於本發明之纖維強化複合材料之製造方法。本發明之纖維強化複合材料之製造方法係具有對上述說明之預浸材積層體進行加熱及加壓而成形的步驟。
本發明之纖維強化複合材料之製造方法中,於形成預浸材積層體之步驟及使預浸材[a]所含樹脂含浸至基材[b]並成形之步驟中,較佳係進一步包含於減壓下進行的步驟。此係由於所得纖維強化複合材料之創作性優越所致。藉由減壓,在預浸材積層體之 創作面附近殘存的空氣或揮發成分被去除。其結果,可得到具有更優良之創作面的纖維強化複合材料。所謂減壓下,係指錶壓力表示為-80kPa以下之壓力、較佳-90kPa以下、更佳-95kPa以下。
又,本發明之纖維強化複合材料之製造方法中,較佳係在使預浸材[a]所含樹脂含浸至基材[b]時,上述樹脂所含空氣或揮發成分移動至基材[b]。藉此,可獲得具有針孔少之優良創作面的纖維強化複合材料。
作為本發明之纖維強化複合材料之製造方法,可舉例如使用成形模之壓製成形、真空包裝成形、高壓釜成形等。其中,由高壓釜成形所進行之製造方法由於可得到具有優良創作面的纖維強化複合材料,故較佳。藉由高壓釜成形的成形壓力,較佳為0.1MPa至1.0MPa;由可去除創作面之針孔而言,更佳為0.3MPa至0.6MPa。又,高壓釜成形時之成形溫度必須配合預浸材所使用之樹脂的硬化溫度而設定,通常為100℃至200℃的範圍。
對所得纖維強化複合材料之創作面,進行透明塗裝或有色塗裝等之塗裝處理及薄膜之貼附等。由於為具有針孔少之創作面的纖維強化複合材料,故本發明中塗裝處理可明顯地表現效果。
作為此種本發明之纖維強化複合材料的用途,可舉例如以下者。
電腦、顯示器、OA機器、行動電話、行動資訊終端、傳真機、光碟、可攜式MD、攜帶用錄音帶、PDA(電子記事本等行動資訊終端)、攝影機、數位攝影機、光學機器、音響、空調、照明機器、娛樂用品、玩具用品、其他家電製品等之框體、托盤、底盤、內裝構件、或其殼體等之電氣、電子機器零件。
支柱、平板、補強材等之土木、建材用零件。各種機械構件、各種框體、各種鉸鏈、各種臂、各種車軸、各種車輪用軸承、各種樑、螺旋軸、機輪、齒輪箱等之懸吊、驅動或操縱零件。
罩、頂、門、擋板、行李箱蓋、側面板、後端面板、後背板、前車體、車體底部、各種柱、各種構件、各種框、各種樑、各種支撐件、各種軌、各種鉸鏈等之外板或車體零件。
保險桿、保險桿樑、飾條、底護件、引擎蓋、整流板、擾流板、前罩板通風口、空調構件等外裝零件。
配備面板、座椅架、門飾板、柱飾、方向盤、各種模組等之內裝零件。
馬達零件、CNG槽、汽油槽、燃料泵、入風口、進氣歧管、汽化器主體、汽化器隔件、各種配管、各種閥等燃料系用、排氣系用及吸氣系用之汽車、二輪車用構造零件。
交流發電機終端、交流發電機連接器、IC調整器、分壓計基底、引擎冷卻水接頭、空調用自動調溫器基底、暖氣溫風流控制閥、散熱器馬達用刷座、渦輪葉片、雨刷馬達相關零件、分配器、起動器開關、起動器繼電器、風擋液噴嘴、空調面板開關基板、燃料關係電磁氣閥用線圈、電池盤、AT架、頭燈支撐器、踏板罩、護條、喇叭端子、步進馬達轉子、燈座、燈反射器、燈罩、剎車盤、防噪罩、備胎罩、電磁閥線圈座、機油過濾器、點火裝置外殼、防擦板、儀表板等汽車用及二輪車用的各種零件。
起落架短艙、翼尖、擾流器、機緣、梯、升降機、整流板、翼肋等航空機用零件。
由力學特性之觀點而言,較佳為用於汽車之內外裝、 電氣‧電子機器框體、自行車、運動用品用構造材、航空機內裝材、輸送用箱體。
以下藉由實施例更具體說明本發明。
又,本發明並不受限於此等實施例。
以下表示屬於預浸材[a]的預浸材A之製造方法。
藉由混練裝置,對35質量份之「jER」(註冊商標)4007P(Japan Epoxy Resin(股)製)與35質量份之二環氧丙基-對胺基酚(「Araltide」(註冊商標)MY0510(Huntsman Advanced Materials公司製))與30質量份之雙酚F型環氧樹脂(「EPICLON」(註冊商標)830(DIC(股)製)),調配3質量份之「Vinylec」(註冊商標)PVF-K(聚乙烯甲醛)(CHISSO(股)製),將熱可塑性樹脂(PVF-K)溶解於環氧樹脂中。其後,將屬於硬化劑之二氰二醯胺(硬化劑,DICY-7,三菱化學(股)製)5質量份、進而屬於硬化輔助劑之DCMU99(3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲,硬化促進劑(保土谷化學工業(股)製))3質量份混練,製作環氧樹脂組成物。
對含有丙烯腈99莫耳%與衣康酸1莫耳%之共聚合體進行紡絲、燒成,得到總絲數3000根、比重1.8、股線拉張強度3.5GPa、 股線拉張彈性係數230GPa之碳纖維。接著,對此碳纖維,以濃度0.05莫耳/L之硫酸水溶液作為電解質,依電量為每碳纖維1g為3庫倫進行電解表面處理。接著對施行了此電解表面處理之碳纖維進行水洗,於150℃之溫度之加熱空氣中進行乾燥,得到成為原料的碳纖維。然後,將「jER(註冊商標)」825(Japan Epoxy Resin(股)製)混合至丙酮中,得到均勻溶解之約1質量%的丙酮溶液。使用此丙酮溶液,藉浸漬法塗佈至經表面處理的碳纖維後,依210℃之溫度進行熱處理180秒,得到上漿劑塗佈碳纖維。上漿劑之附著量係相對於經表面處理之碳纖維100質量份,調整為0.5質量份。
將所調製之環氧樹脂組成物,使用刀式塗佈機塗佈於脫模紙上,製作2片66g/m2之樹脂薄膜。另一方面,如上述所得之樹脂薄膜,使碳纖維A依片材狀配列為斜紋織之雙方向交叉,作成基重為198g/m2的碳纖維片材A。將上述製作之樹脂薄膜2片由碳纖維片材A之兩面重疊,藉由加熱加壓使樹脂含浸,製作基質樹脂之質量份率為40.0%、基重為330g/m2、厚度0.22mm之布預浸材。
準備成為基材[b]之以下基材A、B及C。
‧基材A:「TORAYCA(註冊商標)」cloth C06151B(東麗(股)製)(基重:92g/m2,厚度:0.11mm)
‧基材B:「TORAYCA(註冊商標)」cloth C06343B(東麗(股)製)(基重:198g/m2,厚度:0.25mm)
‧基材C:Surface Mat FC-30S(CENTRAL GLASS FIBER(股)製)(基重:30g/m2,厚度:0.23mm)
實施例所使用之預浸材[a]、基材[b]或纖維強化複合材料之纖維體積含有率的測定方法、纖維強化複合材料之空隙含有率、纖維強化複合材料層[B]之空隙分佈之測定方法及創作面之針孔之測定方法如下述。實施例之預浸材積層體及纖維強化複合材料之製作環境及評價,並無特別限定,依溫度25℃±2℃、相對濕度50%之環境進行。
由各實施例所得之纖維強化複合材料,於與積層方向垂直之面內方向,切出縱20mm×橫20mm之樣本,研磨其剖面後,對剖面藉雷射顯微鏡(KEYENCE VK-9510)放大200倍以上,依視野內納入2層以上之方式拍攝照片。由同樣操作對各層隨意選擇10處,測定各層厚度。由各層厚度、纖維基重與纖維比重,求得各層之纖維體積含有率。求得試料所具有之纖維強化複合材料層[A]之纖維體積含有率的平均值、纖維強化複合材料層[B]之平均值。將此進行合計6個試料,以6個試料之平均值作為纖維體積含有率。
對縱20mm×橫20mm之樣本,依與(1)相同條件拍攝剖面照片。由對各層拍攝之照片,實行空隙部分與其以外之部分的二值化處理,算出纖維強化複合材料之空隙含有率。
對由實施例所得之纖維強化複合材料依與(1)相同條件拍攝剖面照片,檢查纖維強化複合材料內部之空隙。於纖維強化複合材料層[B]之切剖面之中央部分、分佈了切剖面全體之空隙面積之80~100%的情況設為A,在空隙於中央部分分佈了未滿80%的情況設為B。於此,所謂切剖面之中央部分,表示包括將切剖面全體之總面積之形狀縮小為80%之重心的總面積之80%之面積部分。
將(1)所製作之纖維強化複合材料切出縱100mm×橫100mm。對所得樣本以目視檢查創作面之針孔。判定基準係將針孔數為10個以下的情況設為A+,將11個以上且30個以下的情況設為A,將31個以上的情況設為B。
如表1所示使用預浸材A作為預浸材[a]的材料,使用基材A作為基材[b],由創作面起依序積層預浸材A、基材A、第1預浸材A及第2預浸材A的4層,製作預浸材積層體。位於創作面之預浸材A相當於本發明中所謂預浸材構造體[a2],由第1預浸材A及第2預浸材A所構成之積層構造相當於預浸材[a1]構造體。
使用所得預浸材積層體,藉由高壓釜依130℃之溫度、2小時、0.5MPa之壓力、升溫速度1.6℃/分鐘進行成形而製作纖維強化複合材料。將纖維強化複合材料之纖維體積含有率、纖維 強化複合材料之空隙含有率、纖維強化複合材料層[B]之空隙分佈及創作面針孔的測定結果示於表1。
除了將基材[b]之材料變更為表1所示者以外,其餘與實施例1同樣製作預浸材積層體。將所製作之預浸材積層體的測定結果示於表1。
使用預浸材A作為預浸材[a]的材料,使用基材A作為基材[b],由創作面起如表1所示順序,製作由複數之預浸材A及基材A所構成的預浸材積層體。測定結果示於表1。
使用預浸材A作為預浸材[a]的材料,使用基材B或基材C作為基材[b],由創作面起如表1所示順序,製作由複數之預浸材A及基材B或C所構成的預浸材積層體。又,比較例1中並未使用未含浸樹脂的基材[b]。測定結果示於表2。
由實施例1~6與比較例1~4之比對,得知本發明之纖維強化複合材料係具有優越的創作面。此係由於在樹脂由預浸材含浸至未含樹脂之基材時,成為創作面針孔原因的空氣或揮發成分亦移動至未含浸樹脂的基材所致。又,本發明之纖維強化複合材料由於空隙含有率低,故亦可期待優越的力學特性。
根據本發明,由於可獲得具備優良創作面的纖維強化複合材料,故可廣泛用於網球拍或高爾夫球桿等運動用品、保險桿或門等汽車外裝材、車底盤或前側構件等汽車之構造材、或操縱或儀表遮光板等汽車之內裝材、航空機構造構件、風車葉片或IC承載盤或筆記型電腦之框體(外殼)等電腦用途等。
1‧‧‧創作面
2‧‧‧預浸材[a]群
2a1‧‧‧預浸材[a]
2a2‧‧‧預浸材[a]
2b1‧‧‧預浸材[a]
3‧‧‧基材[b]
10‧‧‧預浸材積層體
Claims (16)
- 一種纖維強化複合材料,係使用預浸材積層體者,該預浸材積層體係含有於強化纖維中含浸著樹脂的預浸材[a]及未含浸樹脂的基材[b];該預浸材積層體具有於上述預浸材[a]中使預浸材[a]至少2片連續積層的構造;並包含對上述基材[b]之兩側藉上述預浸材[a]夾層積層的構造;在將來自上述預浸材[a]之纖維強化複合材料層[A]之纖維體積含有率設為VfA,將來自上述基材[b]之纖維強化複合材料層[B]之纖維體積含有率設為VfB時,具有VfA>VfB之關係。
- 如請求項1之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述基材[b]之厚度為0.1~1.5mm。
- 如請求項1或2之纖維強化複合材料,其中,以下定義之預浸材構造體[a1]之厚度為以下定義之預浸材[a2]1片之厚度的0.2~9倍;預浸材構造體[a1]:積層於上述基材[b]之一面者,由使上述預浸材[a]2片以上連續積層之上述預浸材[a]所構成的構造體;預浸材[a2]:積層於上述基材[b]之另一面的預浸材[a](其中,在積層了上述預浸材[a]的情況則為預浸材[a]之積層體)。
- 如請求項1或2之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述基材[b]之厚度係以下定義之預浸材構造體[a1]之厚度的0.1~3.0倍;預浸材構造體[a1]:積層於上述基材[b]之一面者,由使上述預浸材[a]2片以上連續積層之上述預浸材[a]所構成的構造體。
- 如請求項1或2之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述預浸材積層體之至少一表面為創作面,上述基材[b]係積層於由上述創作面側起第2層或第3層。
- 如請求項1或2之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述預浸材積層體之至少一表面為創作面,由上述創作面側之最外層起依序具有預浸材[a]、基材[b]及使2片以上之預浸材[a]連續積層的構造。
- 如請求項1或2之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述基材[b]之基重為5~100g/m2。
- 如請求項1或2之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述基材[b]含有碳纖維或玻璃纖維,上述碳纖維或玻璃纖維為不連續。
- 如請求項1或2之纖維強化複合材料,其中,纖維強化複合材料層[B]含有樹脂,所含浸之樹脂係原本含浸於上述預浸材[a]中的樹脂。
- 如請求項1或2之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述纖維強化複合材料層[B]之纖維體積含有率為40%以下。
- 如請求項1或2之纖維強化複合材料,其中,存在於上述纖維強化複合材料層[B]兩側之纖維強化複合材料層[A]的纖維體積含有率分別為55%以上。
- 如請求項1或2之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述纖維強化複合材料層[B]之空隙含有率係較纖維強化複合材料層[A]之空隙含有率高。
- 如請求項1或2之纖維強化複合材料,其中,上述纖維強化複合材料層[B]所含之空隙,係於沿著上述預浸材積層體之積層方面的切剖面中,於切剖面之中央部分分佈著80~100%。
- 一種纖維強化複合材料之製造方法,該製造方法具有對預浸材積層體進行加熱及加壓而成形的步驟;該預浸材積層體含有於強化纖維中含浸著樹脂的預浸材[a]及未含浸樹脂的基材[b];該預浸材積層體具有於上述預浸材[a]中使預浸材[a]至少2片連續積層的構造;並包含對上述基材[b]之兩側藉上述預浸材[a]夾層積層的構造;在將來自上述預浸材[a]之纖維強化複合材料層[A]之纖維體積含有率設為VfA,將來自上述基材[b]之纖維強化複合材料層[B]之纖維體積含有率設為VfB時,具有VfA>VfB之關係。
- 如請求項14之纖維強化複合材料之製造方法,其中,成形的步驟中,包含進一步依-80kPa以下(錶壓)之壓力進行的步驟。
- 如請求項14或15之纖維強化複合材料之製造方法,其中,於加熱及加壓之步驟中,預浸材[a]所含之樹脂係含欲浸至基材[b]中者。
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EP3533575A4 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
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US11001033B2 (en) | 2021-05-11 |
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