TWI501525B - High step-up converter based on multi-winding coupled inductor and charge pump capacitor - Google Patents

Description

High-boost converter based on multi-winding coupled inductor and charge pump capacitor

The invention relates to a boost converter, in particular to a high boost converter based on a multi-winding coupled inductor and a charge pump capacitor.

Known high-boost circuit designs, such as the use of a series-connected boost converter to achieve high-boost conversion, or the use of coupled inductors, charge pumps, etc. for voltage superposition to increase the boost ratio, and even Combine the above two methods to achieve higher boost conversion. However, the above proposed architectures have their own shortcomings. For example, the circuit architecture is too complicated, and a large number of passive components such as inductors, capacitors, and switches are used, resulting in poor overall circuit efficiency; or can only be applied to low-power applications; The switching elements are floating rather than grounded, so additional isolation drivers are required, which not only adds cost but also increases the complexity of the overall system design. In addition, although the use of the pump capacitor can achieve higher boost conversion, it will generate a surge current and reduce the life of the capacitor, and the leakage inductance energy of the coupled inductor causes a voltage surge on the switching element ( Spike).

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a multi-winding based A set of high-boost converters with coupled inductors and charge pump capacitors.

Therefore, the high boost converter of the present invention based on a multi-winding coupled inductor and a charge pump capacitor is adapted to boost an input voltage to generate an output voltage, the high boost converter comprising a first diode, a A pump capacitor, a coupled inductor, an output diode, a second diode, an output capacitor, and a switching element.

The first diode has an anode and a cathode that receive the input voltage. The pump capacitor has an end coupled to the cathode of the first diode. The coupled inductor has a first winding, a second winding and a third winding. The first winding, the second winding and the third winding have a turns ratio of 1:1:n, and the first winding has a receiving a punctual end of the input voltage and a non-tapping end, the second winding has a striking end coupled to the cathode of the first diode and a non-tapping end, the third winding having a first winding The non-tapping end coupled to the striking end and a non-tapping end coupled to the other end of the pump capacitor. The output diode has an anode coupled to the non-doped end of the second winding and a cathode. The second diode has an anode coupled to the non-tapping end of the first winding and a cathode coupled to the non-tapping end of the second winding. The switching element is coupled to the anode of the output diode and the cathode of the second diode.

When the switching element is turned on, the first diode is biased and the second diode is biased, the output diode is reverse biased, the exciting inductance of the third winding is excited, and the pump capacitor is charged. The output capacitor releases energy to generate the output voltage; when the switching element is not conducting, the first diode is reverse biased and the second diode is reverse biased, and the output diode is biased, the third winding The magnetizing inductance is demagnetized and the pump capacitor is discharged.

Preferably, the switching element is a grounded non-floating switching element.

The effect of the present invention is based on a multi-winding coupled inductor and a high-boost converter of a charge pump capacitor: the designer can adjust the turns ratio of the first winding, the second winding, and the third winding by 1:1:n. The boost ratio increases the design flexibility, and the third winding is connected in series with the pump capacitor to reduce the surge current caused by the capacitor charging, and the energy of the magnetizing inductor can be recovered to avoid the surge of the switching element.

100‧‧‧High Boost Converter

N ₂ ‧‧‧second winding

1‧‧‧coupled inductor

N ₃ ‧‧‧third winding

Ce‧‧‧ pump capacitor

R _o ‧‧‧ output resistance

Co‧‧‧ output capacitor

Q‧‧‧Switching elements

D ₁ ‧‧‧First Diode

V _i ‧‧‧ input voltage

D ₂ ‧‧‧Secondary

V _o ‧‧‧output voltage

D _O ‧‧‧ output diode

N ₁ ‧‧‧first winding

Other features and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of the drawings. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating the high boost converter of the present invention based on a multi-winding coupled inductor and a charge pump capacitor. 2 is a waveform timing diagram illustrating current waveforms and voltage waveforms of the components of FIG. 2; FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating the high boost of the present invention based on multi-winding coupled inductors and charge pump capacitors. The conduction path of the converter in the first mode; FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating the conduction path of the high-boost converter based on the multi-winding coupled inductor and the charge pump capacitor in the second mode; FIG. 5 to FIG. The waveform diagram illustrates the simulation results of the high boost converter based on the multi-winding coupled inductor and the charge pump capacitor of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a high-boost converter 100 based on a multi-winding coupled inductor and a charge pump capacitor is adapted to boost an input voltage V _i to generate an output voltage V _o . The high boost converter 100 includes a first diode D ₁ , a second diode D ₂ , a pump capacitor C _e , a coupled inductor 1 , a switching element Q , and an output diode D _{O .} An output capacitor C _o and an output resistor R _o .

The first diode D ₁ has an anode receiving an input voltage V _i and a cathode. The pump capacitor C _e has an end coupled to the cathode of the first diode D ₁ .

The coupled inductor 1 has a first winding N ₁ , a second winding N ₂ and a third winding N ₃ . The turns ratio of the first winding N ₁ , the second winding N ₂ and the third winding N ₃ is 1:1. :n, the first winding N ₁ has a punctual end and a non-tapping end receiving the input voltage, and the second winding N ₂ has a striking end coupled to the cathode of the first diode D ₁ and a non-tapping end The third winding N ₃ has a dot end coupled to the non-tapping end of the first winding N _{1 and} a non-draining end coupled to the other end of the pump capacitor C _e .

The output diode D _O has an anode coupled to the non-doped end of the second winding N ₂ and a cathode. The second diode D ₂ has an anode coupled to the non-tapping end of the first winding N ₁ and a cathode coupled to the non-tapping end of the second winding N ₂ . The switching element Q is coupled to the anode of the output diode D _{o and} the cathode of the second diode D ₂ . Preferably, the switching element Q is a grounded non-floating switching element, such as: an n-channel MOSFET. The transistor has a gate (G), a source (S) and a drain (D), and the gate (G) serves as a control terminal for controlling whether the switching element is turned on or off, and the drain (D) is coupled. Connect the cathode of the second diode D _{2 and} the anode of the output diode D _o , and the source (S) is grounded.

Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 1 is a timing diagram of current waveforms and voltage waveforms based on the above components, wherein v _gs is a gate driving signal of the switching element Q, v _ds is a voltage across the switching element Q, and V _i is an input. The voltage, _Vo is the output voltage, i _i is the current of the first winding N ₁ , i ₂ is the current of the second winding N ₂ , i ₃ is the current of the third winding N ₃ , i _e is the flow through the pump capacitor C The current on _e , i _Lm is the current on the magnetizing inductance L _m , i _D1 is the current on the first diode D ₁ , i _D2 is the current on the second diode D ₂ , i _Do is the output dipole The current of body D _o , and i _i is the input current.

For the convenience of analysis, the setting conditions are as follows: the switching element Q, the first diode D ₁ , the output diode D _{o ,} and the second diode D _{2 are} regarded as ideal components, that is, switching time, on-resistance, and diode Both the reverse recovery time and the forward voltage drop are negligible. The coupled inductor 1 and the pump capacitor C _e do not consider the parasitic resistance, and the pump capacitor C _e can be maintained at (n+1) times the input voltage v _i . The overall circuit operates in continuous conduction mode. A first current winding N ₁ i ₁ of the second winding N ₂ of the current i ₂ are both current i.

The two control modes of the present invention will be described below with reference to Figs. 3 and 4.

Referring to Figure 3, the first mode is the time interval t ₀ t t ₁ , at this time, the switching element Q is turned on, the first diode D _{1 is} biased and the second diode D _{2 is} biased, the output diode D _{0 is} reverse biased, and the third winding N _{3 is} excited by the voltage n × v _i and the pump capacitor C _{e is} charged, so that the output capacitor C _o releases energy to generate an output voltage. Its associated equation is as in Equation 1.

Referring to Figure 4, the second mode is the time interval t ₁ t t ₀ + T _s , the switching element Q at this time is not turned on, the first diode D _{1 is} reverse biased and the second diode D _{2 is} reverse biased, the output diode D _{o is} biased, and the third winding N ₃ goes Magnetic, and the pump capacitor C _{e is} discharged, and its associated equation is as shown in Equation 2. According to Equation 1 and Equation 2, a voltage conversion such as Equation 3 can be obtained, where D is the duty ratio.

The specifications of the high boost converter 100 include: the input voltage (V _i ) is 12 volts; the output voltage (V _o ) is 120 volts; the rated output power (P _o,rated ) is 60 watts; and the output minimum power (P _{o, Min} ) is 6 watts; the system switching frequency (f _s ) is 100 kHz; the output capacitor C _{o has} a capacitance of 330 μF; the first diode D ₁ , the second diode D ₂ , and the output diode D _O model It is STPS20170CT; the switching element Q model is AP70T15GP-HF.

In order to maintain voltage stability, assuming pump capacitance C _e peak input voltage of the discharge cycle of the peak (peak-to-peak) voltage ripple is set to 0.1%, with respect to capacitance design approach pump capacitance C _e of mainly 4 be designed according to the formula, the correlation parameter calculation pump capacitor may be the capacitance C _e 55.56μF generations in accordance with equation 4, the present embodiment is selected capacitance 68μF.

Inductance value of magnetizing inductance L _m of the design can refer to Equation 5, the correlation parameter is calculated inductance of magnetizing inductance L _m according to Equation 5 generations minimum 288μH, the present embodiment the selection of the inductance value 291μH.

Referring to FIG. 5 to FIG. 7, respectively 10%, 50% and 100% of rated load, the switching element Q of the gate drive signal v _gs, currents flowing through the first winding N ₁ i ₁ flowing through the second winding of N ₂ the current i _2, and the pump current flowing through the capacitance C _e i _e.

Referring to Figures 8 to 10, the 10%, 50%, and 100% rated loads, the gate drive signal v _gs of the switching element Q, the voltage across the voltage of the switching element V _ds , and the current flowing through the pump capacitor C _{e e} , and the current i _Do flowing through the output diode D _o .

In summary, the effect of the present invention is that the designer can adjust the boosting ratio of the first winding N ₁ , the second winding N ₂ and the third winding N ₃ to increase the design flexibility, and thirdly The winding N ₃ is connected in series with the pump capacitor C _e to reduce the surge current caused by the charging of the capacitor, and recovers the excitation inductance energy to avoid the surge of the switching element Q, so that the object of the present invention can be achieved.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, that is, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made by the patent application scope and patent specification content of the present invention, All remain within the scope of the invention patent.

100‧‧‧High Boost Converter

N ₁ ‧‧‧first winding

1‧‧‧coupled inductor

N ₂ ‧‧‧second winding

C _e ‧‧‧ pump capacitor

N ₃ ‧‧‧third winding

C _o ‧‧‧output capacitor

R _o ‧‧‧ output resistance

D ₁ ‧‧‧First Diode

Q‧‧‧Switching elements

D ₂ ‧‧‧Secondary

v _i ‧‧‧ input voltage

D _O ‧‧‧ output diode

v _o ‧‧‧output voltage

Claims (3)

A high-boost converter based on a multi-winding coupled inductor and a charge pump capacitor is adapted to boost an input voltage to generate an output voltage, the high-boost converter comprising: a first diode having one An anode and a cathode receiving the input voltage; a pump capacitor having an end coupled to the cathode of the first diode; a coupled inductor having a first winding, a second winding, and a third winding The first winding, the second winding, and the third winding have a turns ratio of 1:1:n, the first winding has a dot end and a non-tapping end receiving the input voltage, and the second winding has a striking end coupled to the cathode of the first diode and a non-draining end, the third winding having a striking end coupled to the non-tapping end of the first winding and a further one of the pump capacitor a non-drained end coupled to one end; an output diode having an anode coupled to the non-doped end of the second winding and a cathode; a second diode having a non-doped portion of the first winding An anode coupled to the terminal and a non-doped end coupled to the second winding And a switching element coupled to the anode of the output diode and the cathode of the second diode; an output capacitor, the first diode is biased and the second when the switching element is turned on The diode is reversed, the output diode is reverse biased, the excitation of the third winding is excited, and the pump capacitor is charged to make the output capacitor Releasing energy to generate the output voltage; when the switching element is not conducting, the first diode is reverse biased and the second diode is reverse biased, the output diode is biased, and the third winding has a magnetizing inductance Magnetic and the pump capacitor is discharged. The high-boost converter based on the multi-winding coupled inductor and the charge pump capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the switching element is a grounded non-floating switching element. The high-boost converter based on the multi-winding coupled inductor and the charge pump capacitor according to claim 2, wherein the conversion ratio of the output voltage V _o and the input voltage V _i is: Where D is the duty cycle.