TWI427962B - Wireless sensor data transmission system and method thereof - Google Patents

Description

Wireless sensor data transmission system and method thereof

The invention relates to a wireless sensor data transmission system and a method thereof, in particular to an optimal path for a node to transmit data, and a node that does not transmit data can be scheduled to enter an idle state, and when the data is lost during transmission, Multi-path transmission to avoid data loss again.

Due to the limitations of manufacturing technology, traditional sensor nodes have the disadvantages of large size, inefficiency and high price, which also limits the development of traditional sensor networks. However, in recent years, due to the rapid advancement of technology, there have been major breakthroughs in microelectronics manufacturing technology and various micro-communication technologies, making miniaturized sensor nodes appear. Today's sensor nodes improve the shortcomings of traditional sensor nodes, such as volume miniaturization, high communication efficiency and considerable computing power, of course, the most important price is also greatly reduced. For the above reasons, a wireless sensing network with a large number of sensor nodes appears and is applied at various levels, such as ecological environment monitoring, medical applications, building monitoring, or military reconnaissance.

Although the wireless sensor network can be deployed as a large number of nodes for high-density data collection, the sensor network cannot have a fixed and stable power source due to the limitation of the deployment environment, so the sensor node The efficiency of energy use, the time it takes to extend the network, or other systems and methods that address the various sensor network limitations have become important issues. As a result, various agreements to address the limitations of the sensor network have sprung up. For example, the multi-hopping mechanism (Multi-Hop) for solving the long-distance transmission limitation of the sensor node is mainly used to transmit the relay to a remote base station by using a plurality of nodes; and the space coverage of the sensor network is also discussed. Problems and so on. But the most important is the Medium-Access Control (MAC) protocol for the wireless sensor network for node energy efficiency. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the conventional wireless sensor network protocol cycle. The sleep mode reduces the monitoring. After being woken up, it will listen to the communication channel and judge whether to send or receive information. The node will coordinate with the neighboring nodes to form a virtual group with the sleep cycle 12 or the work cycle 11 to reduce the idle listening time of the node. Ensure synchronization with surrounding nodes and increase network scalability.

However, the above communication protocol still has the following shortcomings:

1. Node idle: A condition in which a node is turned on but does not work because of waiting or other reasons.

2. Eavesdropping: The node incorrectly receives commands from other nodes, causing the node to malfunction.

3. Data Collision: At the same time, several pieces of data are simultaneously sent out, which makes it impossible for the node to completely receive information.

It can be seen that there are still many shortcomings in the above-mentioned methods of use, which is not a good design, but needs to be improved.

In view of the shortcomings derived from the above-mentioned conventional methods, the inventor of the present invention has improved and innovated, and after years of painstaking research, finally successfully developed and completed the wireless sensor data transmission system and method thereof.

The object of the present invention is to provide a wireless sensor data transmission system and a method thereof, which are to plan an optimal path between nodes, and embed the best path into each of the dispersed nodes, so that the dispersed nodes can know the transmission path. The node can determine whether the path still exists. If there is a node failure or a bad connection status in the path, there will be relevant countermeasures to maintain the smooth path.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a wireless sensor data transmission system and a method thereof, in which distributed nodes enter respective working modes or sleep modes according to scheduling, and if there is data to be transmitted between nodes and nodes, The node to be transmitted enters the working mode, and the node that is in the idle state without data transmission enters the sleep mode, and waits for the data to be transmitted before entering the working mode.

The wireless sensor data transmission system and method for achieving the above object of the invention, the node path confirmation unit firstly puts all the nodes in a working state, and detects that the optimal path is transmitted by the planning node, and the optimal path is embedded in the node. Let each node know the transmission path and judge whether the transmitted path still exists. If the path transmission node is faulty or the connection status is bad, there will be relevant countermeasures to maintain the smooth path; when the data is transmitted, the node will rely on the data. The scheduling transmission unit schedules into the working or sleeping mode. When there is data to be transmitted between the node and the node, the node that transmits the data enters the working mode, and the node that is in the idle state without the data needs to be transmitted enters the sleep mode; The time synchronization is achieved by the network synchronization unit for the purpose of network synchronization. All the nodes are all in the working state again. The gateway starts to calculate the network transmission delay from top to bottom and correct the node time from point to point; when the data is in During transmission, if the lost transmission data is found, the data retransmission unit will be triggered and transmitted by multiple paths. To avoid data loss again, in order to achieve the goal of reliable data transmission, when the data transfer is completed fill, node immediately goes into sleep mode.

Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the architecture diagram of the wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention mainly includes: a node path confirmation unit 21, which is a contention period 31, and detects The planning node transmits the best path. When the node is awakened by the sleep mode, it enters the path node confirmation mode, and embeds the best path into each node, so that each node knows the transmission path and determines whether the transmitted path still exists. If the path transmission node fails or the connection status is bad, the node automatic path re-searching step is started; a data scheduling transmission unit 22 is a non-contention period 32 when the node path confirmation unit 21 is planned to complete. The node transmits the best path, and then the node enters its working or sleep mode according to the schedule. If there is data between the node and the node to be transmitted, it enters the working mode, and the node that has no data to transmit the idle state enters the sleep mode; The synchronization unit 23 is a contention period 35 and uses a time synchronization protocol (Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Netw). Orks;TPSN), when the data scheduling transmission unit 22 transmits the data, and needs to synchronize the time of each node, all the nodes are once again put into the working state, and the gateway starts to calculate the network transmission from the top to the bottom in a point-to-point manner. Delaying and correcting the node time to achieve the purpose of network synchronization; a data supplementing unit 24, when the data scheduling transmission unit 22 transmits the data, the node data transmission is lost, the data is triggered to be retransmitted and enters the data replenishment period 33, and It is transmitted by multiple paths to avoid data loss again, in order to achieve the goal of reliable data transmission. When the data is completed, the node immediately enters the sleep cycle 34.

In addition, the time synchronization protocol of the network synchronization unit can be divided into a layer number setting phase and a synchronization phase.

Please refer to FIG. 4A and FIG. B, which are schematic diagrams of node path re-routing of the wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention. Each node sends a message after being awakened, and collects information of other nodes. At this time, the node can obtain Knowing the status of the surrounding nodes, and immediately comparing the path nodes, it is known whether the path nodes are lost.

In addition, three events are triggered when the path node is lost:

1. It is judged that the path node 4d is lost, but when another upper node 4c is searched, the node 4a judges the node with the strongest signal strength as the path node, and returns the network topology back gateway (gateway);

2. Determine that the path node is lost. When the node searched for the node only has the same layer or the lower layer node, the node issues an instruction to reconstruct the network, and the gateway device is required to rebuild the network;

3. The node does not collect any information of a neighboring node, the node will adjust the signal strength to the maximum, and transmit the command of the newly constructed network, requesting the gateway to rebuild the network.

Please refer to FIG. 5A and FIG.B, which are schematic diagrams of data transmission of the wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention. The node 5b has two child nodes 5c and 5d, so the node 5b respectively allocates a time slot to the node 5c and the node 5d. The restriction nodes 5c and 5d can only transmit the data 51 in the owned time slot. When the node 5b receives the data transmitted by the lower layer, it immediately returns a confirmation packet sequence number (ACK) 52 with the data number to the child node for The child node confirms whether the data packet is received. If the data is found to be lost, the child node will record the lost data, and wait until the time of the network is completed before triggering the event of the data retransmission. One time slot is to transmit a data and Upon receiving the confirmation packet sequence number (ACK), the node 5b uses three time slots to transmit data to the node 5a because it receives the data of the two child nodes plus the data of the node itself.

Please refer to FIG. 6 , which is a schematic diagram of the working or sleep cycle of the wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention. In addition to considering the time slot allocation, the data transmission process of the data scheduling transmission unit additionally considers that the node is assigned to work by the layer number concept. Or sleep mode, because the data transmission of this agreement is from the bottom layer relay to the upper layer in the way of tidal current transmission, the layer and layer transmit data to each other synchronously. Therefore, when the data transmission occurs, the full-layer node will be in an idle state. Considering that the node is in the sleep or working mode based on the layer; when the layer 4 node 64 and the layer 3 node 63 perform data transmission, the layer 2 node 62 and the layer 1 node 61 are in an idle state, so that they belong to the first Nodes of Layer 2 node 62 and Node 1 node 61 go to sleep, and so on.

Please refer to FIG. 7 , which is a schematic diagram of a tree-level hierarchical topology of a time synchronization protocol (TPSN) of a wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention, which can be divided into:

1. Layer setting phase: The network will enter this phase at the beginning. Through this stage, the nodes are topologyd in a tree hierarchy, and the reference node 70 is set to level 0, and the other nodes 71, 72, 73 pass through. A node adds a level value to a unit until the last node has its own hierarchical value. Therefore, the level value also represents the minimum number of steps (hops) each node reaches the reference node;

2. Synchronization phase: When each node has a hierarchical value, it begins to enter the synchronization phase. When entering this phase, each node in the network starts to perform the time-dependent operation from the upper-level node. The action, for example, is initially when node 70 of level 0 is paired with node 71 of level 1, and node 71 of level 1 is paired with node 72 of level 2 until the entire network reaches synchronization. .

Please refer to FIG. 8 , which is a schematic diagram of time synchronization protocol (TPSN) packet exchange of the wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention. When the data transmission node 81 sends a packet requesting synchronization at time T1, the data receiving node 82 is at time T2. When the packet is received, it is assumed that Δ is the time offset between the nodes, and d represents the average packet transmission delay time between the two nodes, so the time T2 = T1 + (Δ + d), when the data receiving node 82 receives the packet, at time T3 Replying to an acknowledgement packet sequence number (ACK) to the data transmission node 81, the time of receiving the packet is T4, but since the time is changed by the data receiving node 82 and the time of the data transmission node 81, the time T4 needs to be subtracted by two. The time offset value between the nodes is added to the time of the packet transmission delay, and the time T4 can be expressed as T4=T3-(Δ-d).

Further, the node 81 can derive the Δ and d values from the following equation by the two-packet transmission.

Please refer to FIG. 9A and FIG.B, which are schematic diagrams of the network timing of the wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention. The node 9a starts to send a broadcast message 91, at which point the node 9a records the time label at this time. After receiving the time-to-time message, the node 9b and the node 9c delay the random time, and then return the message 92 to the node 9a respectively. After receiving the message, the node 9a records the time stamp again, and uses the time stamp twice. The time delay of the transmission between the nodes is calculated, and then transmitted to the node 9b and the node 9c, respectively. The node 9b and the node 9c adjust the respective internal time through the calculated delay time, so that the node 9b and the node 9c and the node 9a reach a synchronized state. In this way, from the upper layer to the lower layer, the time synchronization of the entire network is achieved.

Please refer to FIG. 10, which is a flowchart of a method for transmitting data of a wireless sensor according to the present invention. The steps include: Step 1: The program starts to enter a network deployment process, and the process is mainly to monitor the range of sensors. The node is mapped to the network 1001, and the system is routed in a tree structure. The nodes determine the best path of communication health, so that the external environment factors interfere with the connection state. After the node has planned the path, it will upload the path to the gateway 1002, and the back-end platform will output the network topology for personnel monitoring; Step 3: At the end of the network construction process, the nodes will be configured with each other. The slot 1003 is used for the contention-free period during data transmission; Step 4: After the network deployment process is completed, the data transmission process is entered, and the data collection instruction is broadcasted to each node 1004; Step 5: The node receives the data collection instruction and starts to implement Data collection step 1005; Step 6: All layers are transferred, that is, enter the network time-to-time process, and send a time synchronization instruction 1006; Step 7: The node calculates the transmission time delay, and The self-time and the post-calculation delay time are placed in the timed packet, and then transmitted to the lower node for time synchronization to achieve time synchronization between the nodes 1007; Step 8: The node judges whether the data is lost during transmission, and there is no record of data loss, The data loss record enters sleep mode 1008; Step 9: The data loss record enters the data supplement process until the preset work time or the data has been transmitted, then enters sleep mode 1009; Step 10: Node enters Sleep mode, wait until the end of the sleep cycle 1010; Step 11: Determine whether the sleep cycle has ended, the node continues to sleep mode 1011 before ending; Step 12: The sleep cycle has ended, then enter the node path confirmation process 1012, and return to the step 1.

Please refer to FIG. 11 , which is a flow chart of a broadcast data collection instruction of the wireless sensor data transmission method of the present invention. The steps include: Step 1: The node receives the data collection instruction 1101; Step 2: Broadcasts the data collection instruction to the lower node. 1102; Step 3: The node determines whether it belongs to the second-to-last layer (the n-1th layer) 1103; Step 4: belongs to the second-to-last layer (the n-1th layer) is the receiving end, and the node is ready to receive the data and Reply confirmation packet number (ACK) 1304; Step 5: not belonging to the penultimate layer (n-1th layer), the node determines whether it belongs to the lowest layer (nth layer) 1105; Step 6: is not the lowest layer (the first n layer), the node will go to sleep waiting until the configured time slot is converted into working state 1106; Step 7: belongs to the lowest layer (nth layer) is the transmitting end, the node will start transmitting data 1107 according to the time slot.

Please refer to FIG. 12, which is a data collection flowchart of the wireless sensor data transmission method of the present invention. The steps include: Step 1: First, the transmitting end first sends data, and waits for the receiving end to reply to confirm the packet sequence number (ACK) 1201; Step 2: After receiving the acknowledgement packet sequence number (ACK), the transmitting end compares the data packet number 1202; Step 3: records the data packet number that does not meet the record, and continues to transmit the next data, and then determines whether the transmitted data is complete 1203; 4: If the data packet number is met, it is judged whether the transmission data is complete 1204. If it is incomplete, return to step 1; Step 5: The transmission data is complete data and after the transmission is completed, the transmitting end enters a sleep state, and the receiving end is converted into a transmitting end 1205; Step 6: Determine whether the receiving layer is the working layer 1206; Step 7: If the working layer is the working layer, the node enters the working mode and converts to the receiving end 1207, and returns to step 1; Step 8: If it is not the working layer, it is determined whether all the layers are transmitted. Finish 1208; Step 9: After all the layers have not been transferred, enter sleep mode 1209; Step 10: All layers are transmitted, then all Duty cycle and wait for time synchronization process instructions 1210.

Please refer to FIG. 13 , which is a network time-to-time flowchart of the data transmission method of the wireless sensor of the present invention. The steps include: Step 1: First, the command of the request timing is issued by the gateway, and the node starts to start the time alignment. Flow, and instruct the node to wait for the acknowledgement packet sequence number (ACK), and then the upper node issues a timing instruction and records the time, and the received lower layer node replies with a delay time and then fills in the delay time to confirm the packet sequence number (ACK) to the The upper node calculates the transmission delay 1301; Step 2: After the node calculates the transmission delay, the node calculates its own time and the calculated delay time into the timed packet, and then transmits it to the lower node for the time interval 1302; Step 3: judge all layers Whether all the time is completed 1303, if it is not finished, then return to step 1, and then continue to the next node; Step 4: After all the layers are completed, wait for the data to be retransmitted 1304.

Please refer to FIG. 14 , which is a flow chart of the data transmission method of the wireless sensor data transmission method of the present invention. The steps include: Step 1: Enter the data supplement transmission process 1401; Step 2: The node will continuously record the lost data. Start to transfer 1402 to the upper layer in multiple paths; Step 3: Determine whether the data transmission or transmission exceeds the preset working time 1403, and if the data transmission is not completed or the transmission exceeds the preset working time, return to step 2; Step 4: Until the data has been transferred or the preset working time arrives, it enters the sleep mode and waits for the next work cycle 1404.

Please refer to FIG. 15 , which is a flowchart of a node path confirmation method for a wireless sensor data transmission method according to the present invention. The steps include: Step 1: A node sends a packet of the node message to a neighboring node immediately after waking up from the sleep state. After receiving the message, the neighboring node records it 1501; Step 2: Organize and compare the information of the path node and other upper nodes 1502; Step 3: Determine whether the path node has a lost situation 1503; Step 4: The node path is not lost , keep the original planning path, directly start collecting data 1504; Step 5: The path node has been lost, then determine whether the upper node still exists 1505; Step 6: The upper node still exists, the node itself is connected with other upper nodes, modify the node route 1506; Step 7: When the path node and other upper nodes are lost, the node will adjust the signal strength to the maximum and transmit the command to re-establish the network, and then re-establish the network 1507 by the gateway.

The wireless sensor data transmission system and the method thereof provided by the invention have the following advantages when compared with other conventional technologies:

1. The present invention replaces each other by work or sleep cycle, and can avoid the situation that the node is turned on but does not work due to waiting or other reasons, thereby saving the energy of the node and prolonging the monitoring time of the sensor network.

2. The present invention can avoid node malfunction by causing a node to incorrectly receive commands from other nodes by means of a hierarchical transmission mode.

3. The invention is confirmed by the path node to avoid node failure or other network failure.

4. With the Time Synchronization Protocol (TPSN), all nodes can be synchronized, which avoids the simultaneous release of several data at the same time, which makes it impossible for the node to completely receive information.

The detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is intended to be limited to the scope of the invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The patent scope of this case.

To sum up, this case is not only innovative in terms of technical thinking, but also able to enhance the above-mentioned multiple functions compared with conventional articles. It should fully comply with the statutory invention patent requirements of novelty and progressiveness, and apply in accordance with the law. I urge you to approve this article. Invention patent application, in order to invent invention, to the sense of virtue.

11. . . Working period

12. . . Sleep cycle

twenty one. . . Node path confirmation unit

twenty two. . . Data scheduling unit

twenty three. . . Network synchronization unit

twenty four. . . Data supplement unit

31. . . First competition cycle

32. . . Competition free period

33. . . Data reissue cycle

34. . . Sleep cycle

35. . . Second competition cycle

4a~4e. . . node

5a~5d. . . node

51. . . Transfer data

52. . . Confirm packet number

6a. . . Operating mode

6b. . . Sleep mode

6c. . . Gateway

61. . . Layer 1 node

62. . . Layer 2 node

63. . . Layer 3 node

64. . . Layer 4 node

70. . . Reference node

71. . . Node of level 1

72. . . Node of level 2

73. . . Node of level 3

81. . . Data transfer node

82. . . Data receiving node

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional wireless sensor network communication protocol cycle;

2 is a structural diagram of a wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a network communication protocol cycle of the wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention; FIG.

4A and B are schematic diagrams of node path re-searching of the wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention;

5A and B are schematic diagrams of data transmission of a wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of the operation or sleep cycle of the wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention;

7 is a schematic diagram of a tree-level hierarchical topology of a time synchronization protocol (TPSN) of a wireless sensor data transmission system according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a time synchronization protocol (TPSN) packet exchange of a wireless sensor data transmission system according to the present invention; FIG.

9A and B are schematic diagrams showing the network timing of the wireless sensor data transmission system of the present invention;

10 is a flow chart of a method for transmitting data of a wireless sensor according to the present invention;

11 is a flowchart of a broadcast data collection instruction of a wireless sensor data transmission method according to the present invention;

12 is a flow chart of data collection of a wireless sensor data transmission method according to the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a network timing of a wireless sensor data transmission method according to the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 14 is a flow chart of supplementing data transmission of a wireless sensor data transmission method according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a node path confirmation of a wireless sensor data transmission method according to the present invention.

twenty one. . . Node path confirmation unit

twenty two. . . Data scheduling unit

twenty three. . . Network synchronization unit

twenty four. . . Data supplement unit

Claims (29)

A wireless sensor data transmission system mainly comprises: a node path confirming unit, which detects that the optimal path is transmitted by the planning node, and embeds the best path into each node, so that each node knows the transmission path and judges the transmitted Whether the path still exists, if the path transmission node fails or the connection status is bad, the node will be automatically searched; a data scheduling transmission unit will enter the respective work or sleep mode according to the schedule, if the node and the node If there is data to be transmitted, it will enter the working mode. If there is no data to transmit the idle state, the node will enter the sleep mode; a network synchronization unit adopts the Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks (TPSN), which needs to synchronize the nodes. At the time of time, all nodes are once again in the working state, the network transmission delay is calculated and the node time is corrected; a data replenishment unit, the node data transmission is lost, and is transmitted by multiple paths. The wireless sensor data transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the network synchronization unit starts the gateway to calculate the network transmission delay and corrects in a point-to-point manner. For example, in the wireless sensor data transmission system described in claim 1, wherein the data supplementing unit completes the data, the node immediately enters the sleep mode. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 1, wherein the time synchronization protocol of the network synchronization unit is divided into a layer number setting phase and a synchronization phase. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 1, wherein the node path confirmation unit determines that the path node is lost, but when searching for other upper nodes, the node determining the strongest signal strength as the path node by itself; And return the network topology back to the gateway. The wireless sensor data transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the node path confirmation unit determines that the path node is lost, and when the node searched for the node only has the same layer or the lower layer node, the node release needs to be reconstructed. The network command requires the gateway to rebuild the network. The wireless sensor data transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the node of the node path confirmation unit does not collect information of any neighboring nodes, and the node adjusts the signal strength to the maximum, and transmits the transmission network to the new network. The instructions of the road require the gateway to rebuild the network. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 1, wherein the data transmission unit node transmits data only in the time slot owned by the data transmission system. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 1, wherein the data transmission unit immediately returns a confirmation packet number (ACK) with a data number to the child node when the data is transmitted by the node. , for the child node to confirm whether the data packet is received. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 1, wherein the data scheduling transmission unit finds that the data is lost during the data transmission, and the node records the lost data, and waits until the network is completed. , will trigger the event of the data supplement. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 1, wherein the data transmission process of the data scheduling transmission unit assigns a node into a working or sleeping mode by a layer number concept. The wireless sensor data transmission system according to claim 11, wherein the data transmission is carried out by the tidal current transmission from the bottom layer to the upper layer, and the layer and the layer mutually transmit the data are synchronized. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 12, wherein the full-layer node is in an idle state when the data is transmitted, and the node is controlled to enter a sleep or working mode based on the layer. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 1, wherein the time synchronization protocol used by the network synchronization unit comprises a layer setting phase and a synchronization phase. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 14, wherein the layer setting stage is to topology the node in a tree hierarchy, and set the reference node to level 0, and each layer node passes each time. A node adds the level value to one unit until each node has its own level value. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 15, wherein the level value represents a minimum number of hops for each node to reach the reference node. The wireless sensor data transmission system according to claim 14, wherein the synchronization phase starts to enter a synchronization phase when each node has a hierarchical value. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 14, wherein in the synchronization phase, each node in the network starts to perform a time-dependent operation from a node on the upper layer, for example, It is said that when the node pair of level 0 and level 1 is initially, the node of level 1 is paired with the node of level 2 until the entire network reaches synchronization. The wireless sensor data transmission system of claim 1, wherein the node of the time synchronization unit returns a confirmation packet number (ACK) to the node transmitting the packet after receiving the packet. The wireless sensor data transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the time synchronization unit of the time synchronization unit starts to send a broadcast message by the node, and records the time label at this time, when another After receiving the time-to-time message, the receiving node delays the transmission of the message to the node 9a after receiving the random time. After receiving the message, the node 9a records the time tag again, and uses the time stamp twice to calculate the inter-node. The time delay of transmission is transmitted to node 9b and node 9c, respectively, and node 9b and node 9c adjust their respective internal times by the calculated delay time. A wireless sensor data transmission method, the steps include: Step 1: Perform network construction work, the work is mainly to map the sensor nodes in the monitoring range to the network, and the nodes themselves judge the communication health most. Good path; Step 2: After the node has planned the path, it will upload the path to the gateway; Step 3: At the end of the network construction process, the nodes will configure the time slot for each other, for the competition-free period during data transmission. Step 4: After the network deployment work is completed, the data transmission process is entered, and the data collection instruction is broadcast to each node; Step 5: The node receives the data collection instruction and starts the data collection step; Step 6: All the layers are transmitted. That is to enter the network timing process, and send a time synchronization instruction; Step 7: The node calculates the transmission time delay, and puts the self time and the calculated delay time into the timed packet, and then transmits it to the lower node for time synchronization; Step 8 : The node judges whether there is a record of data loss when transmitting data, and enters sleep mode if there is no data loss record; Step 9: There is data loss Then enter the data supplement transmission process, until the preset working time or the data has been transmitted, enter the sleep mode; Step 10: the node enters the sleep mode, wait until the sleep cycle ends; Step 11: determine whether the sleep cycle has ended, If the node is not finished, the node continues to sleep mode; Step 12: When the sleep cycle has ended, the node path confirmation process is entered, and the process returns to step 1. The wireless sensor data transmission method according to claim 21, wherein the step 1 network deployment process is routed in a tree structure. The method for transmitting wireless sensor data according to claim 21, wherein the step 1 network deployment process allows nodes to minimize the situation in which the external environment factors interfere with the connection state. The method for transmitting data of the wireless sensor according to claim 21, wherein the path of the step 2 is uploaded to the gateway for the back platform to display a network topology for personnel monitoring. The wireless sensor data transmission method according to claim 21, wherein the step of broadcasting the data collection instruction in the step 4 comprises: step 1: the node receives the data collection instruction; and step 2: broadcasting the data collection instruction to the lower node Step 3: The node judges whether it belongs to the second-to-last layer; Step 4: It belongs to the second-to-last layer and is the receiving end, and the node is ready to receive data and reply to confirm the packet sequence number (ACK); Step 5: It is not the penultimate Layer, the node determines whether it belongs to the lowest layer (nth layer); Step 6: It is not the lowest layer, the node will go to sleep and wait until the configured time slot is converted into the working state; Step 7: It belongs to the lowest layer. On the transmitting end, the node will start transmitting data according to the time slot. The wireless sensor data transmission method according to claim 21, wherein the step 5 data collection comprises: Step 1: First, the transmitting end first sends data, and waits for the receiving end to reply to confirm the packet serial number (ACK); 2: After receiving the confirmation packet number (ACK), the transmitting end compares the data packet number; Step 3: Record if it does not meet the data packet number, and continue to transmit the next data, and then judge whether the transmission data is complete; Step 4: Comply with The data packet number determines whether the transmission data is complete. If it is incomplete, it returns to step 1. Step 5: The transmission data is complete data and after the transmission is completed, the transmitting end enters a sleep state, and the receiving end converts into a transmitting end; Step 6: judges reception Whether the layer is the working layer; Step 7: It is the working layer, then the node enters the working mode and converts to the receiving end, and returns to step 1; Step 8: It is not the working layer to determine whether all the layers are transmitted; Step 9: All layers If the number has not been transferred, enter the sleep mode; Step 10: After all the layers have been transferred, all enter the work cycle and wait for the time synchronization. Programming instructions. The wireless sensor data transmission method according to claim 21, wherein the step of the step 6 network time-to-time process comprises: Step 1: the upper node issues a timing instruction and records the time, and the received lower node passes the After a random time delay, the reply is filled with the delay time to confirm the packet sequence number (ACK) to calculate the transmission delay for the upper node; Step 2: after the node calculates the transmission delay, the own time and the calculated delay time are placed into the time packet. Then, it is transmitted to the lower node for time synchronization; Step 3: It is judged whether all the layers are completed in time, and if it is not finished, the process returns to step 1, and then continues to be compared with the lower node; Step 4: All layers are completed. After that, wait for the data to be retransmitted. The method for transmitting data of the wireless sensor according to claim 21, wherein the step of the data replenishing process of the step 9 includes: step 1: entering the data replenishing process; and step 2: the node will successively lose the record. The data starts to be transmitted to the upper layer in multiple paths; Step 3: Determine whether the data transmission or transmission exceeds the preset working time, and if the data transmission is not completed or the transmission exceeds the preset working time, return to step 2; Step 4: Until After the data has been transferred or the preset working time is up, it enters the sleep mode and waits for the next work cycle. The wireless sensor data transmission method according to claim 21, wherein the step of the step 12 node path confirmation process comprises: Step 1: the node sends a packet of the node message to the neighbor immediately after waking up from the sleep state. Nodes, neighboring nodes record them after receiving the message; Step 2: Organize and compare the information of the path nodes and other upper nodes; Step 3: Determine whether the path nodes are lost; Step 4: The node paths are not lost. Keep the original planning path and start collecting data directly; Step 5: If the path node is lost, judge whether the upper node still exists; Step 6: The upper node still exists, the node itself is connected with other upper nodes, and the node routing is modified; Step 7: When The path node and other upper nodes are lost. At this time, the node will adjust the signal strength to the maximum, and transmit the command to reconstruct the network, and then reconstruct the network by the gateway.