TW200814489A - System for energy harvesting and/or generation, storage, and delivery - Google Patents

Abstract

A device and method for harvesting, generating, storing, and delivering energy to a load, particularly for remote or inaccessible applications. The device preferably comprises one or more energy sources, at least one supercapacitor, at least one rechargeable battery, and a controller. The charging of the energy storage devices and the delivery of power to the load is preferably dynamically varied to maximize efficiency. A low power consumption charge pump circuit is preferably employed to collect power from low power energy sources while also enabling the delivery of higher voltage power to the load. The charging voltage is preferably programmable, enabling one device to be used for a wide range of specific applications.

Description

200814489 IX. Description of invention: [Reference to the relevant manual] The second syllabus: the system number _6, 876, which is proposed to be generated, stored and transmitted in the 2nd year 4^4, 60/824 755 f Xinyue, 'and the US patent specification serial number, storage (four), 1 its invention name, the circuit that can cut and/or store, store and communicate, was proposed on September 6, 2006. Record:: Mingshu, regarding the patent specification number of Guoguo No. 6〇/824,749 'The name of the ^^ is the electric double-layer capacitor with the value of the electric resistance σ, the string of the turtle, and is proposed in Θ 6 No. 10/796,329, US Patent Specification No. 10/796,329, basin invention = sub-battery ^ proposed in the year of listening (4); US patent said, ^ brother 1〇 / 796, 532, its invention name is, mems electrochemical power system ^ proposed March 8, 2004; U.S. Patent Specification No. 6,861,17, No. 3, entitled "Micro Battery for Volume Measurement," 丨 and U.S. Patent Specification 曰 6,621,687 遽 'The Invention Name is, Micro-Super Capacitance, the above-mentioned patents and the patents of the patents are hereby incorporated by reference. [Disclaimer of Federally Sponsored Research or Development] For this invention, the US government has paid off It is clear and, in limited circumstances, has the power to require the patent owner to authorize others to use certain legitimate conditions. These justified conditions are expressly stated in contract number w31p4Q_〇4_c_R346, issued by DARPA; number FA865〇 _〇5_ C_2613, issued by aFRLk; and number NNL06AA06C, issued by NASA. 5 200814489 [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a micro-system related to energy harvesting and/or production, storage and transmission, and its application. # It should be noted that the following discussion will point out the number of public documents and references. 'The discussion of these public documents will be used to clearly point out the completeness of the laws of science' and is not intended to determine patentability. The network of wireless sensors and wireless sensors will be used to 1) monitor the structural conditions of buildings, bridges or spacecraft, etc. 2) monitor the environment, such as home and commercial buildings, and military or domestic security devices. And 3) controlling industrial processes to enhance autonomy and other tasks. These systems will be used more in factory automation, process and environmental control, safety, medicine, and maintenance as appropriate, as well as in defense. Sexual applications and intelligence gathering. The wide use of wireless sensors will improve safety, increase safety, reduce heat, and gas flow. And cooling (ventilation and c〇〇Ung, HVAC) costs and increases manufacturing efficiency. Such wireless sensor systems typically: 丨 require a variety of individual devices (known as point or block to provide integrated monitoring capabilities; 2) The position in the stomach is not '3' requires a long time interval between scheduled maintenance. Periodic maintenance, such as replacing the battery, can definitely increase the operating cost (usually increased to the extent of disapproval), optimally It may be inconvenient if it is necessary to interrupt the continuous process. It is impossible to perform any repairs on a certain retreat, hostility or uncomfortable position of 200814489. In the near future, energy maintenance and improved battery technology can alleviate some of these problems. In the long run, there is a need to develop an energy source that can last for several years with a small amount of maintenance. Miniaturized turbines and microfuel cells have been booked as devices to meet the long-term energy transfer requirements of wireless devices. When such systems utilize high energy densities such as carbon water fuels, such systems are inherently limited to the need to store and deliver a continuous fuel supply, as well as improved temperature management to safely remove waste heat. These challenges can be overcome, however, the pipelines and additional system engineering (known as factory balance) add considerable overall size and the complexity of such systems. These are some of the additional challenges of having microfuel cells. Most types use hydrogen fuel. For example, protons are more likely to diffuse through an electrolyte than other ions. Storage of molecular hydrogen shows important scientific and engineering challenges. And most systems use other fuels such as hydrocarbons, methanol or formic acid, or recombine in a high μ degree gas stream (600 C) to produce hydrogen or carbon monoxide neutral gas. These groups of insects add engineering complexity and require extensive isolation for safe and efficient operation. Furthermore, the reported data for microfuel cells indicate that the maximum peak power density is on the order of 5 〇mW/cm2, but lasts less than 1 〇〇 milliseconds. These challenges ensure that combustion and microfuel cell power systems cannot reach height. Volume measurement energy and power density for volume limited applications. 7 200814489 Energy time = Section % energy (such as light, vibration __ energy is the electric escaping feeling (4). The material is not solved by the solution, and the amount of coffee does not need to be replaced, charged or refueled. In the case of these (similar to the solar cell at night, the amount of solar energy is too good to be turned over), so in this solution, it can supply some types of materials that are designed to provide (4) materials.

With ^: set:: can be achieved using a conventional capacitor, the number of capacitors i is a number = limited energy storage energy (four) / 2cv2, wherein the capacitance value c is hoisted to the level of hundreds of U Farad, and ν = 3 γ Solving the external energy source _ door problem " / makes the system unable to support, σ ? " Battery or super capacitor to be proposed as i set = but still no design can effectively _ from small energy harvesting power. For example Said that the battery charger will not be able to operate in the borrowing: the low-power indexing of the cut-and-write, and in addition to this ride can be operated, the second battery charger still _ consume too much wheel energy. Ground, the existing 2 sub-heat is used for the best energy storage components of various functions (10) such as standby power, pulse power, etc.) Finally, the 'wireless sensor node is faced with the main challenge is sensing, where ^ There is a difference in the power demand between the communication and the _ function. There are four differences in the size of the communication ship. The communication ship needs a higher power transfer position (usually hundreds of milliwatts from the number of words, and the node is not set up.) Listen (paste every 8 200814489 people 5 mother hours _ times), four go to 7, 廿] low work Sleeping state with cookware + 4 people in order to meet high-power communication load > H battery ride. Power planting H unfortunately hoist;; large enough to handle up to 6 fortunately, energy harvesting device torpedo #, δ Α θ ' Power density, so the power supply to /, the pool is very low. Most of the operational requirements of ',,,,,

Therefore, there is a need to design a simple transfer of high power pulses by an external energy source. An easy-to-density system capable of combining energy generation with energy cut as standby power, and the present invention is directed to the method for transmitting the entanglement step H. The method includes the following methods; Ground control charging - super electric charge (four) Pu to increase the charge collection power

a threshold voltage; controllably from the supercapacitor 夯 = battery; and transmitting power from the supercapacitor to the load. The secret charge of the collected charge is less than half of the voltage of the inter-border voltage, and is approximately similar to that of the first-fourth-thousand-thousands. The method preferably includes (10) a step of paralleling the second supercapacitor from the supercapacitor to the supercapacitor string, wherein the step is more preferably included to preferably approximate the threshold voltage by two times or greater than the threshold One of the voltages delivers a voltage to transfer power to the load or to charge the battery. The method preferably further includes the step of switching at least two capacitors from parallel to series in the charging pump, the step of controllably charging a supercapacitor preferably comprising adjusting a rate of the switching step based on being selected from the super Capacitor Charging 9 200814489 L I-speed =: The power level of the energy source preferably includes a regulation of the charge booster. The method is in the sum of - or multiple FETs. Preferably, the method further comprises the step of charging the energy source from the energy source, preferably from the step of: The step of charging the supercapacitor. (10) The work of the domain (4), from the battery, the invention also provides a type of surface load for transmitting at least the energy source branch (5), the charging pump of the device, and the charge of the 4 energy source. ^ Λ 'From the power (4) pool and transmit power to a right": Guangxi solid super capacitor, wherein the control module controls the supercapacitors to charge to a threshold voltage. The voltage of the collector charge Preferably, the control module is preferably programmable, preferably less than one-half of the 'I-electricity' and rotatively approximating a quarter of the threshold voltage. The supercapacitors are preferably switched The battery is configured in series to transmit a power of a transmission voltage higher than the threshold voltage to the negative 2 for charging the battery, the transmission voltage being selectively approximately twice the voltage of the voltage. Preferably, the rate of switching capacitors is adjusted in the charging pump based on a parameter selected from the group consisting of the charging rate of the supercapacitors and the power level of the energy source. The device preferably further includes a FET gate. The weekly I channel saturates one or more FETs in the charging pump. When the super-packaged lucky land obtains the power from the energy source, the charging pump 200814489 l - refills the turtle, and the I parent is self-powered when the power from the energy source cannot be obtained. It is also recharged. One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a system for harvesting, generating, storing and transmitting a monthly bl, particularly for remote applications. One of the advantages of the present invention is that while still providing power to a higher voltage The charge from a low-power or low-voltage energy source can be efficiently stored at a load. Further objects, advantages, and further improvements in the characteristics and applicability of the present invention will be partially and in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings The descriptions of the present invention are set forth in the description of the present invention, and the description of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The applicability and combination of the scope of the patent application are clear and obtained.

The system of the present invention is a high density, long life power supply that can be implemented in many applications such as, but not limited to, wireless network systems, which would no longer require battery charging or replacement. This issue includes several components, including energy storage (including not limited to batteries or supercapacitors), energy generation, but not limited to earthquakes, smoke, and nuclear (inductive), temperature (temperature) Electric), radioactive only (betavoltaic h solar (photovoltaic), fuel cell, micro-combustion or biochemical source), = and ^ power electronics to perform including but not limited to energy storage device charge 200814489 = this The invention is configured to be configurable depending on the intended application. The energy (four) component will be generated from the external environment, wherein the power is preferably stored in the 地 兮 兮 = , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Medium: AA, AAA, C, D, battery size), to

A piece of equipment, such as a door, can be inserted directly into a wireless system/component as a battery to provide a long-life power supply. The energy harvesting, such as the energy storage of the battery and the supercapacitor, is used to turn off the output from the suppression and properly charge the storage device. Ray from f 10 ^ ^ ^ ^ energy cycle, when super-electric fine two 1 provides spare energy to adjust no external to handle 1 % valley u capacitor) to provide good power transmission capacity 7 secret 贞 load 'the electronic circuit is more (d) The harvesting energy is not taken so that the remaining energy can be directly used for the above-mentioned storage, or immediately brought to the system power in use. In addition, once the full charge pool can be switched to take off the circuit as a backup, the domain harvest energy is preferably used to drive the application load (also measured and any leakage charge in the supercapacitance for 6 weeks). Since the present invention is self-contained in the environment, the 丨Ab e source has a sustained force far beyond the material i tr/, which can provide a long-lasting energy state factor or to conform to a standard electric=set=can be designed to have a fixed-to-type "Includes, but is not limited to, from, let," "he can use it to make the system of the type of battery configuration of the 200814489 state, with little or no modification. On the other hand, a modified packaging or accumulation technology When transmitting smaller sensor nodes, the present invention can also be used to: • exhibit (4) miniaturization strategies and call (iv) miniaturization sensing for future generations as used in the description of the invention and in the scope of the patent application, battery, Refers to batteries, micro-batteries, flat-panel batteries and the like, the step is flat or 1 Lu. As used in the description of the invention and the scope of the patent application, "supercapacitor" - refers to capacitors, supercapacitors ( Supwapad (four), micro-capacitor, micro-electric , supercapacitor (10) tumbling pad (four), electric double-layer capacitor mic she her secret (10) : ^ 〇Γ, EDLC) and other similar. As used in the invention: patent range,, energy source, - word means Energy harvester or energy generation ^ 'such as vibration (including piezoelectric, electrostatic and inductive methods), temperature (warm), solar (photovoltaic forms), radioisotopes, chemical, biochemical, Lu fuel cells Yuan, micro-thirsty wheel, trispernate (ATp) converter (Ατρ is a biomolecule that stores and transports chemical energy in cells), magnetic, electromagnetic (or rf) interference (EMI), and micro-combustion Figure 1 shows a schematic of the system, which preferably includes three blocks: energy harvesting and / or energy production (biliary), energy storage, and control electronics to f (If necessary) and safely charging. Pure energy generation and/or harvesting can be achieved by replacing the hard component with no energy as electrical energy. The present invention can include the same type of energy harvesting hardware. Or multiple single 13 200814489 yuan (for example two The combination of two hardware components including different types of energy harvesting (for example, _hard components are used to harvest vibration energy, and another hardware 7G is used to collect sub-temperature energy). The use of two or more energy harvesting elements provides for a more indexable power gain and/or can reduce this lifetime so that the system can still supply power when harvestable external energy is not available.... From the harvester The electrical energy 1 is initially stored in an ultracapacitor (or a plurality of super-lubricated valleys) and then moved to a rechargeable battery. The two energy storage devices provide complementary characteristics: the ultracapacitor efficiently transmits energy. 4 (胄 specific power), just as the battery is efficient, energy is available to provide backup power when it is unable to provide sufficient power. Since the supercapacitor can discharge and recharge more efficiently than the battery, the system of the present invention The supercapacitor is preferably used as the first missing element in the last month's and is preferably used for energy transfer due to low impedance. The low-power digital control module (1〇w_p(10)er dig such as 1 c〇ntr〇1 _module 'DCM) preferably monitors the charging (s〇c) of both the battery and the super battery and simultaneously adjusts the tragic adjustment The operation of the charging module is to adjust any fresh (four) floats transmitted by the harvester. The Wei Jianlong group is difficult to program and preferably includes a -microcontroller, as used in the description of the invention and the '" control module in the scope of the patent application, - the term refers to DCM, ultra low power microcontroller, one Low-power field programmable gate array (Field Programmable shirt eight (four), ppGA), a low-power (4), programmable logic (Appiicati〇n Specifc lnteg her circuit, ASIC) programmable logic and other similar 14 .200814489 The charging module of the present invention preferably includes a charging and structure 'for example - (four) Wei device, - straight $ and can include other devices. - And other phases of the control mode are well switched to turn the ultracapacitor (4) the battery in the battery only produces a very small amount of power, this electricity is because of energy harvesting

All the power-to-energy storage devices f, "(4) in the case of conversion can obtain 1 and the axis group] make the system have the knowledge of, for example, the battery = and its ability to bloom, in addition to monitoring L and money energy Outside the source, the county provides a monitoring system for the overall system. It is good to hear Wei, the miscellaneous group can (4) sudden temperature flow or abnormal vibration pattern', which indicates a damage event, selectively triggers power reduction. In the case of a sensor, communication with the main sensing block can enable the fine (4) and unifying capabilities that other power methods cannot provide. For example, the complex interaction between s〇c and the input energy variable can be Used to determine whether the sensor needs to enter a power conservation or power down mode. As already discussed, energy storage is preferably by using at least one secondary (rechargeable) battery (including but not limited to Clock ion, clock polymer, thin film lithium ion, nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and nickel cadmium ..., preferably with at least one supercapacitor (also known as supercapacitor or electrochemical double layer) Capacitor (EDLC) which includes a base The hydrated or organic electrolyte chemistry is combined with a symmetrical or non-symmetric or non-transparent type. The energy generated by the sifter element is used for the subsequent two: good storage capacitor The different characteristics make it suitable for energy storage two = super energy. If the energy f county twirling, the domain slow _, = can be _ _ part of the energy when the preparation _ = - ^ yang energy cell), - battery Can be compared to #, and, I harvester is too

Need to be -:::: = shock ~ ^ meter, ..., radio frequency (RF) pulse communication module, but long-term bribes are not the domain secret system - super capacitor. = pool (or __; ii) only, capacity (or several supercapacitors), 110 suitable " for multiple batteries and supercapacitors for the intended application. The material improvement and structure of the chain ion and some of the sacrificial battery lead to a device capable of transmitting a pulse load and a state load, and the device can simultaneously satisfy the standby and the pulse transfer, and the current touchdown is the use of micro-electricity. The combination with the supercapacitor achieves L as shown in Fig. 2, in order to maximize the life of the battery. 'Individual loading satisfies these functions well, and the second shows the pulse load from the CR232_ ugly cell; These pulses are 1Q5mW with a second pulse width of Μ and a repetition rate of 5 seconds. When used with - supercapacitor, the life of the battery is far greater than the life of the battery when # is used alone. The present invention can be used to obtain a commercially available (off-the-shelf) electric hybrid electric city, which can affect the energy storage selection of the number of wheat including power distribution (pGwef pmflle), external energy. Acquired with 16 200814489 such as temperature and environmental conditions. In addition, some advanced Lai batteries exist in the study of the micro-labs with the woven fabrics and Israel Power Paper Co., Ltd.), these devices have the ability to capture the rate of 'but the capacitance value per unit area is low. The second footprint 1 needs to meet useful energy storage capabilities. This example can be combined with a volumetric battery made up of energy and _1 to provide pulse power with a fresh 3 capacitor. Figure 3 shows a more detailed block diagram of the device. The circuit will operate both sources such as a vibrating type, a ray-like (such as a bad type, a temperature type), and an incoming alternating current signal is preferably a low forward biased diode to reduce losses. It may include a residue-based diode, 锗pN: a polar body or = a specific engineering component. The control electronic circuit basically satisfies two functions: whether the energy generated by the harvesting read is fed (to the storage device and/or directly to the load) and safely unemployed, overcharged or otherwise harms itself or generates power to cry. There is X efficient charging of the energy Weixian. Unexpectedly, this power consumption consumes a very small amount of input power. 'The energy harvester (usually hundreds of milliwatts) that we are interested in for wireless sensors and other microsystems. (4) Power delivered to the level . It is important that the charging and power management circuitry delivers the power collected by the dragon to a 1: storage or ❹彳 II device rather than being consumed in self-phase operation. The A circuit preferably includes a charge switching module for charging - a supercapacitor energy storage device and a battery charging circuit, controlled by a battery charging circuit. 17 200814489 Wide energy is preferably stored in an intermediate energy storage device. The charging capacity (10), the core, and the 耩 控制 耩 耩 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制 控制Electricity

Supercapacitors (3)^ and (3)). During charging, the group is selectable, or the control is intended to be charged. The ultra-capacitor reaches the direct (10) connection - the ultra-capacitance to the transmission of the V-energy source will cause the motor to find V/ESR 'where the supercapacitor (usually a few ohms or phase 2 is less than 1 _) What you want.纟 pure coffee tick (four) power super power: the desired 1 super capacitor will attract high current, overload the energy source, the system of the present invention can sometimes be set _ period before setting, it is impossible to The state stores the ultracapacitor, and the charge switching module preferably controls the current draw to avoid damage to the generator at the initial setting. But π full charge 'the supercapacitor works as energy, grabs the "to charge the battery" which makes the average current _f low, before charging the battery, the parallel super capacitor Wei Jiacai material The voltage is applied, and then the battery, such as a clock ion battery, is preferably charged to two stages. First, the constant current charging increases the battery duty until the target voltage (eg, a measure), preferably by the control line (4) To achieve the monitoring, the level usually transmits about 200814489 of the total battery power of the battery. The battery flow is charged to the -normal voltage, but if the current street drops to less than 10% of the initial charging current, the charging is terminated by the f. By adopting a control module operating at very low power, during the charging cycle, the functions or conditions of the invention can be invented, including the extension of the battery and the super-wei (4) and whether the electrical appliances are produced. The power-capacity pool is fully charged 'which can be removed from the circuit such that the present invention provides power only to the sensor or other load via the energy source and the supercapacitor. If the control source side to the energy cell has The power is supplied (for example, during dark periods in the case of solar energy, or when external shocks are stopped), then the control module is preferably switched in the - solar cell to provide the puncturing power. In this case, The battery preferably charges the ultracapacitor for thirsty flow and provides static power until the sense is until the external energy is recovered. The galvanic is designed to be able to store enough energy to have no external energy in the secret. The whole time to provide the Shili rate ride can be changed according to different applications, but the scope can be from a few days to a few days of worship. In the case that the storage energy of the money is reduced below the pre-emption level' A low battery condition is preferably communicated to the sensor, allowing the sensor to be turned off or, for example, into a power save mode. Finally, the current may depend on the demand of the load, preferably via a mosquito-providing state. The supercapacitance with high-power pulse current is transmitted to the load. The source is stable. (If the battery does not have energy from the generator or receives the energy), the energy is transferred to the store. capacitance 200814489 energy and does not carry or infidelity mentioned wire through the ultra-capacitor, super capacitor which makes itself suitable anti-Qing transmit high power at == ^ to violent conflict. In the case of load accidents, this is a good place to use - one supercapacitor as the primary clothing, and - or a plurality of batteries to ride the second energy library (2) forest to recharge the supercapacitors. The early Wei Wei Cun provides a higher power output, while the second storage === storage device provides a larger overall energy. That is to say =: = Capacitor supplies energy instead of battery to supply energy, these =: The load is high, and the pulse (4) can be transmitted with power and stability, and has higher power transmission than the battery. Compared with == 'this increases the efficiency of coffee is used for pulse power should be financial). In t and because the battery (second storage device) is used to charge the 4b super February 2). This configuration also allows the use of ultracapacitors that reduce the capacitance value, and: and: loss of storage, enabling charging from low-power energy sources.纟 Reduced the characteristics of the hairline of the hairline] _ benefits are attached to the table towel (4), the ultimate consumer of the system and the use of the L-Linger and the slasher L, for example, #不周Μ Suitable for many wireless sensors _. For the possibility of failure of energy lacking external energy (for example, the topic discussed by solar cell users in the dark state, the present invention also conveys the issue of cost reduction so that 20 200814489 is specially injured ~ 1 - 1 rai ό No need to change the battery, recharge or add fuel benefits _ _ Reduce system maintenance costs 疋 疋 疋 、 、, pulse disk backup power y |, lj _ t*· ΪλΛ Enable cold start, external energy failure In case of excess energy, and effectively transmit the failure probability of the pulse power reduction system and the system size small space factor X / / - τασ 1 1 Γ _ ^ - is designed as a standard type can be inserted into the customer's existing 1 product The elastic source that breaks into this can use similar products for flexible, wide-ranging product lines that can be used in different environments with small engineering applications, such as industrialization, commercialization, and residentialization. The electronic circuit preferably converts the ultra-low power to a higher voltage and has a high power output with intelligent programmable control from the environmental source. The ground accepts a low (four) of approximately 1.5V and a low current AC or DC power of approximately 5-15 microamperes. The input is electrically modified to effectively convert and store the reading energy at a high energy density. The private mode of the capacitor and the backup battery is preferably not in accordance with the energy source used. • It is preferably programmable to provide up to 5V Dc or greater than the current output, fractional level and Steady state DCs that are greater than the input voltage after bribery [The present invention is preferably programmable at the transmission time or in the electric field to provide any desired ink (not just one or two individual voltages) Thus, the same system can be used for a wide range of loads and energy storage components suitable for use in different applications. As shown in Figure 5, the present invention preferably receives and rectifies AC or DC current into the initial charge storage capacitor. The apparatus of the present invention also preferably uses a dynamic self-scraping switching rate to transfer the charge very efficiently to a voltage density capacitor (or supercapacitance) of up to about 21 200814489 at up to about the highest loss. The dynamic switching rate of the ground controlled (four) control pump is preferably the battery mode _ charging of the switching rate of the charging pump. The post-pushing voltage level of the Μ and the better axis state control of the standby n system The operation of the charging pump is effective to store extremely low energy. For the charging module, the module is preferably periodically measured to have a voltage ratio lower than the degree. Reduce Pu: Power: can maintain the highest voltage level before switching - increase the daily guard, the voltage difference in the voltage pump switching rate, give you two knives for private integration, accumulate enough ΓΓ to make it __ When the flow increases, the control module records the situation when the voltage age rate increases, and it is difficult to dynamically increase the job rate before, so that (4) the larger the charge flow can be obtained. If more than one supercapacitor is used, when the supercapacitors are recharged to cause the private final voltage branch, the voltage can be selectively shredded to provide twice the voltage to charge the battery through the battery charging circuit. Output at a relatively constant voltage. The power turn-off (on or off) and the battery charging system are preferably controlled by the control module of 200814489. When the power of the ^, . / L Ba is not obtained, the control module can be privately Turn off the round or continue from the standby. Take the ultra-capacitor

The charging pump includes a metal oxide half field effect transistor (MOSFET) that requires a voltage instead of a current for switching. -=                                                   It may be limited to the readable low-power wheel, such as the solar energy that is exposed to low light, which may be insufficient to call the supercapacitor to its critical voltage (for example, due to the supercapacitor) Missing). Therefore, the (4) button cannot work in a low-voltage or low-power energy source, and the charging pump preferably integrates the intermediate-level charge storage 2 to increase the efficiency, and does not allow the test control or the limit resistor. Other resistors or inductors designed to use voltage control between the energy and the bulk storage elements, as mentioned in the prior art, result in a limited current and thus reduced efficiency, or use no voltage control at all. In addition, preferably, the embodiment of the high voltage capacitive charging pump is shown in FIG. 6, which is preferably accompanied by an input voltage rectifier, and the charging pump is preferably operated. It is dynamically controlled by the control module (Fig. 5) based on the voltage levels of the supercapacitors C19 and C21 measured by the control module. 23 200814489 The capacitors C6, C8, (10), (3) in the charging pump preferably have (four) inductance and low leakage (10) kage, allowing the system to clear the low charging level presented by both high impedance, low power environment A generator such as a piezoelectric vibration source, and a low-impedance source that can generate charge-generating power, such as a photovoltaic cell under a high-intensity source, in order to provide a high charging voltage to the supercapacitors, from which the charging is assisted during switching The current is controlled by the switching material (4), which is dynamically charged by the preferred group. For example, when only a small amount of % is obtained from the generator, it is preferable to switch the scales when the external charge is obtained, and the switching capacitor is recorded as the most recorded, and the money is increased as the Wei rate. • = Control allows the use of very low external energy at the high charge voltage to the supercapacitor. If desired, the storage capacitors ci〇 and cn in the charging pump are preferably switched to series using a low resistance value and a low gate source. In order to increase the efficiency of the transistors: cadastral ultra-low current operational amplifiers U15 and U16 and modulation two = channel resistance 1 when the control module determines that the system = charging & in turn, the end of the human body without any available energy The cutting system of the filling of the Pupu is better to stay at the conservative power. In a more detailed case, the voltage charging of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6, which is preferably operated by turning off the field effect transistors Q36, Q37 by turning on the field effect power, so the switching capacitance ^ = 24 200814489 Parallel to series and field effect transistor Q45 _ and field effect transistor 2:, provide - current path to parallel charging capacitors (3) and (10). 2: 曰曰·(10) is extremely preferably non-in-phase with the gates of the field effect transistors Q39, Q46 and Q38.

After the higher voltage transfers the charge to the capacitors C11 and ci〇, it is better to reverse the process, and the field effect transistors Q36, Q37 Q45 are turned off to recharge the ~姊μt —#C8#C6 at the same time. Ground off field effect, day and limb Q46 and open field effect transistor Q39, q38, then switch capacitor (3) is connected in parallel to the series and provide a higher voltage discharge through the diode. =(3) and (10) to the supercapacitors - current path. When the capacitor Μ = / and when (10) is in series with C11, the diode is blocked from the thunderstorm of the electric valley C6, a, the diode D21 blocks the backflow of the charge from the capacitors C8 and C6. , an effect transistor gate modulator circuit is also green in Figure 6, the charging help knife = field effect transistor saturation is usually only achieved by the highest number of individual transistors, the electricity Fresh bit. It is difficult to borrow the gate provided by the FET = modulation circuit. The circuit preferably uses the digital chip signal provided by the module, and uses an ultra-low power operational amplifier in saturation mode or comparison mode. In the column mode, the transistor is selectively shouted to swing the signals to (1) when the supercapacitors are in the low-power state, when the vcc postage exceeds vcc, the supercapacitor is used. Guide. When switching the higher riding voltage difference, it is preferable to saturate the field effect transistors in the charging pump at 25 200814489, while allowing the required low channel impedance to be switched with high efficiency at a very low current drain. This degree preferably allows the charging pump operator 'very small net current' to cause the pump to charge to a souther voltage with less input power.

When necessary, the control module can switch the energy storage supercapacitors to be in series 'at least at a high power level and double the output voltage. This action can drive a higher voltage load or provide the battery required for backup battery charging. Higher voltage. In this case, it is preferable to use the -f voltage output and double circuit shown in FIG. 7, which preferably drives the gates of the field effect transistors Q32 and Q43 to thereby switch the capacitors C21 and C19. In series, the diode (10) blocks the backflow of current from the capacitor (3) 2(3). The output signal from the control module preferably drives the gate of the field effect transistor (10) to pull down the field effect transistor Q5G. Close the pole, turn on the power from the capacitor C19 to the output (four) foot. Figure 8 illustrates an embodiment of a green spare battery charging module circuit that preferably provides the ground current required to charge the backup battery module as described above. In other applications where electrical circuits are not = power-consuming transformers are commonly used, which include multiple low-power operational amplifications. = 本剌 has been specifically described with reference to maternal _ and is described in detail for those skilled in the art, and the various deformations and modifications that cover all of the scales are the same as those mentioned above. Modifications are intended to be incorporated herein by reference. There is a special public document system. 26 200814489 [Simplified description of the drawings] The various aspects of the invention are incorporated into and formed into a part of the book, and the description is taken as the main spirit of the invention. The drawings are not intended to illustrate the preferred embodiments of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention. In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the invention. = Figure __ 物 彻 and 1) Eight have a comparison under the pulse load of the excitement. Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the control electronics. Figure • shows a schematic diagram of the voltage at which the cell can be pulsed under an increased pulse load. Rhyme 1 out The 4th_ is a schematic diagram showing the solar cell voltage from the parallel connection. The round-out ()® is a schematic diagram comparing the voltage drop with a single battery and a parallel (four) frequency overload. Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of a circuit to which the present invention is applied. Figure 6 depicts the schematic diagram of the county electric pump and the invention. The schematic output of the brake circuit and the double circuit of the present invention are shown in the figure. The circuit diagram of the 颂V-backup battery charging module. ° M And 27 200814489 [Description of main component symbols] E/Hn, E/H], E/H2 energy harvesting/energy generation C6, C8, CIO, C11 storage capacitor C19, C21 supercapacitor D21, D22, D23 diode. I 〇ut output current Q32, Q36, Q37, Q38, Q39, Q43, Q44, Q45, Q46, • Q50 field effect transistor

Vout output voltage U15, U16 ultra low current operational amplifier

28

Claims (1)

200814489 X. Patent Application Range: 1. A method for transmitting power to a load, the method comprising the steps of: collecting charge from an energy source; increasing a voltage for collecting charge by a charging pump; and controlling charging one Supercapaciting to a threshold voltage; controllably charging a battery from the supercapacitor; and transmitting power from the supercapacitor to a load. The method of claim 1, wherein the voltage of the collected charge is less than half of the threshold voltage. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the voltage of the collected charge approximates a quarter of the threshold voltage. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold voltage is programmable. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of switching a second supercapacitor from in parallel with the supercapacitor to be in series with the supercapacitor. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the switching step comprises transmitting power to the load or charging the battery at a transmission voltage above the threshold voltage. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the transfer voltage is approximately twice the threshold voltage. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of switching from at least two capacitors in the charging pump from parallel to series. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of controllably charging a supercapacitor comprises one based on the group selected from a charging rate of the supercapacitor and a power level of the energy source Parameters, while adjusting the rate of the switching step. The method of claim 8, wherein the further step comprises a step of modulating the charging pump rate voltage. The method of claim 10, wherein the modulating step comprises one or more field effect transistors saturated in the charging pump. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of recharging the supercapacitor from the charging pump when power from the energy source is available. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of recharging the supercapacitor from the battery when power from the energy source is not available. 14. A device for transmitting power to a load, the device comprising: at least one energy source; a charging pump for increasing a voltage of charge collected from the energy source; a control module; 30 200814489 a battery; And or a plurality of supercapacitors; the electric pump is charged to a battery for charging and is transferred to the load--the controller of the control group (4) the surface capacitor is used to charge the voltage. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the voltage is less than half of the threshold voltage. 16. = Please use the 15__ on the side, the pen pressure of the towel is approximately one quarter of the threshold voltage. 17. If the application is for the purpose of Wei Wei, item 4, the threshold voltage is programmable. The device of claim 14, wherein the supercapacitors are switched to be configured in series to transmit power to the load or to charge the same at a transmission voltage higher than the threshold voltage. battery. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the transmission voltage is approximately twice the threshold voltage. 20. The device of claim 14, wherein the control module is adjusted based on a parameter selected from the group consisting of a charging rate of the supercapacitor and a power level of the energy source. The rate of switching capacitors in the charging pump. The device of claim 14, further comprising a field-effect transistor gate modulator circuit for saturating one or more field effect transistors in the charging pump. 22. The device of claim 14, wherein the supercapacitor is recharged from the charging pump when power from the energy source is available. 23. The device of claim 14, wherein when the power from the energy source is not available, the supercapacitor is recharged from the battery. 32