TWI415635B - 加衣錠片調製物及製備彼之方法 - Google Patents
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- TWI415635B TWI415635B TW100134799A TW100134799A TWI415635B TW I415635 B TWI415635 B TW I415635B TW 100134799 A TW100134799 A TW 100134799A TW 100134799 A TW100134799 A TW 100134799A TW I415635 B TWI415635 B TW I415635B
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Description
本申請案主張2004年5月28日提出申請的美國臨時申請第60/575,319號之優先權,其整體內容以引用方式納入本文。
本發明係有關一種加衣錠片調製物,其包括一有塗覆藥物例如DPP4-抑制劑,如saxaglipitin之錠片核,以及有關製備此等加衣錠片調製物之方法。
具有下面的結構的化合物或其HCl鹽
或其HCl鹽,
(後文稱為上述DPP4-抑制劑或saxaglipitin)為一種口服活性可逆性二肽基肽酶-4(DPP4)抑制劑,其為一種治療第2型糖尿病的治療劑且揭示於美國專利第6,395,767號中。
於一餐攝取後,促胰島素分泌激素GLP-1即釋出,其轉而誘導胰島素從胰臟釋放出。某些GLP-1會被血漿和腸毛細內及中所含的DPP4所抑活化。所以,若DPP4-受到抑制,就會有較多的GLP-1可用來活化從胰臟的胰島素釋放。此種胰島素釋放機制的優點在於胰島素只對應於餐食而分泌。如此一來,伴隨其他糖尿病藥物的低糖血症問題就較不可能發明於DPP4-抑制劑。
上述DPP4抑制劑為一種不安定性化合物,易於發生分子內環化,如下面所示者。
所得降解物,環狀脒(主要為順式環狀脒(CA)不具治療活性因而,其形成係不宜者。此種環狀反應可能在固態和溶液狀態中發生。當對調製物施予常用的處理活動例如濕式造粒,滾筒壓緊,或製片之時,分子內環化速率可獲得加速。此外,用最常用的賦形劑與此化合物混合時,也可加速環化速率。再者,當藥物對賦形劑比例增加時,順式環脒含量增加可對低強度劑型給予更大挑戰。在給予此等分子性質之下,傳統DPP4-抑制劑錠片劑型(此為較佳劑型)之製造變成一種不實際的抉擇。
目前,係以小規模製造裝有DPP4-抑制劑與常用賦形劑的乾混合物且用於臨床研究中。裝有DPP4-抑制劑的膠囊調製物之規模放大也有問題,因為其中要涉及研磨以控制DPP4-抑制劑的粒度使得可製出較低強度的膠囊而不會有含量均一性問題。
此外,以單一個體形式或組合產形式用於糖尿病治療的大部份治療劑都是以錠片劑型取用。由於使用傳統製造方法的錠片劑型對於DPP4-抑制劑係不可行者,因此其與其他治療劑作為組合錠片之製造甚至更具問題性。
如此,可以看出對於含有會發生分子內環化導致形成不具治療活性的降解物例如環狀脒之藥物的穩定藥學調製物明顯有其需要。
給Robl等人的美國專利第6,395,767號(後文稱為Robl等)揭示出以環丙基稠合吡咯啶為基底的二肽基肽酶IV抑制劑(DPP4抑制劑),其包括具有下面結構之化合物
或其藥學上可接受之鹽,其中該藥學上可接受之鹽可為鹽酸鹽或三氟乙酸鹽。
Robl等揭示出包括上列者之DPP4抑制劑可調配成錠片,膠囊,顆粒或粉末。
根據本發明,提供一種加衣錠片,其可包括易發生分子內環化的藥物,但在正常貯存條件,例如30℃和60%相對濕度下卻令人訝異地穩定者。
本發明加衣錠片包括一錠片核(也稱為〝核〞,〝錠片核〞,〝無效劑錠核〞,〝錠片核組成物〞或〝核組成物〞)及
a)塗覆在核上的塗層,該塗層為由至少一種塗覆聚合物形成的內部封合塗層;
b)第二塗層,其係配置在該內部封合塗層上,由一藥物與至少一種較佳地相同於該內部封合塗層所含塗覆聚合物之塗覆聚合物所形成;及視需要選用的
c)一外部保護塗層,其係配置在該第二塗層之上,由至少一種塗覆聚合物所形成,該塗覆聚合物較佳地係相同於在第二塗層和內部封合塗層中之塗覆聚合物,但不一定需要包括相同量的此等聚合物。
該藥物較佳者為具有下面結構的DPP4-抑制劑
或其藥學上可接受之鹽,例如HCl鹽,也稱為化合物A。
於一較佳具體實例中,本發明加衣錠片係包括一錠片核,該核係由一或多種填充劑或填料,視需要選用的一或多種黏合劑,視需要選用的一或多種崩解劑,與視需要選用的一或多種製錠潤滑劑所形成,
a)一內部封合塗層,其包括至少一塗覆聚合物,該聚合物較佳者為以聚乙烯醇(PVA)為基底之聚合物;
b)一經配置在該內部封合塗層a)之上的第二塗層,其包括至少一藥物及至少一塗覆聚合物,該聚合物較佳者為以PVA為基底的聚合物,且較佳者係與該內部封合塗層的塗覆聚合物相同。
上述諸塗層較佳者係經由噴塗在錠片核上而施加在該錠片核上。
於本發明一更佳具體實例中,在該第二塗層(包含藥物)上塗覆著一外部保護或第三塗層且具有作為保護層之功能。該第三或保護塗層較佳者可包括與在該二塗層中者類似之成分,不同處在於其不包括藥物,不過可視需要包括一或多種著色劑,且可不必包括相同量的此等成分。視需要地,也可以施加含有著色劑和塗覆聚合物的第四層(其括與第三層相似之成分)以區別具有不同強度之錠片。該第一,第二,第三和第四塗覆層可由相同或不同的塗覆聚合物所形成。
業經發現者,本發明塗覆錠片展現出相對於使用傳統乾式造粒或濕式造粒技術所製的傳統錠片較優良的化學穩定性。
塗覆作法也可經由使用其他藥物錠片作為起始錠片(取代上述錠片核或無效劑),且在該其他藥物錠片上施加內部封合塗層及含有問題藥物和塗覆聚合物的第二塗層,及視需要選用但較佳者,外部保護塗層,而幫助有問題的藥物與另一種藥物的組合調製物之製備。
本發明加衣錠片較佳者係使用穿孔盤塗覆器來製備。不過也可以使用流體床塗覆和噴塗。
此外,根據本發明,提出一種製備本發明加衣錠片之方法,該方法包括下列步驟
a)提供錠衣核;
b)用包括至少一種塗覆聚合物的內部封合塗層調製物塗覆該錠片;
c)乾燥該塗過的錠片以在其上形成一內部封合塗層;
d)用包括藥物和至少一種塗覆聚合物的第二塗層調製物塗覆經如此塗過的錠片;
e)乾燥該經如此塗過的錠片以在其上形成一第二塗層(包含藥物);
f)視需要選用地,但為較佳者,用包括至少一種塗覆聚合物的第三外部保護塗層調製物塗覆經如此塗覆過的錠片;及
g)視需要選用地,用包括至少一種塗覆聚合物和著色劑的第四外部保護塗層調製物塗覆經如此塗覆過的錠片;及
h)乾燥經如此塗覆過的錠片以形成本發明加衣錠片。
於本發明方法的一較佳具體實例中,該內部封合塗層調製物,該第二塗層調製物,及該外部保護塗層調製物都分別是以塗覆聚合物在塗覆溶劑內的懸浮液之形式塗布。
該第三和第四外部保護塗層不需要包括藥物(不過於需要時可以包括藥物),且可由該第一塗層及/或第二塗層的其他成分所形成。該第二塗層可由該第一塗層及/或第三及/或第四塗層的成分所形成,但不必用相同量的此等成分。
於製備本發明加衣錠片之中,係製備包括塗覆聚合物在水中的塗覆懸浮液。可用的其他塗覆溶劑包括乙醇,甲醇,和異丙醇,不過以水為較佳者。無效劑(不含藥物)且形成錠片核的錠片係用內部封合塗覆懸浮液予以塗覆並乾燥。接著將含藥物和塗覆聚合物的第二塗層懸浮液塗布在隨後乾燥的經如此塗覆之錠片上。
在本發明加衣錠片要包括一外部保護層之情況中,係如內部封合塗覆懸浮液之情況中製備一塗覆懸浮液,但其中沒有藥物。然後將該塗覆懸浮液按照對內部封合塗層和第二塗層所述者塗覆在先前塗覆過的錠片上以在其上形成一保護塗層。
本發明加衣錠片可用於治療哺乳動物例如人類,狗和猫的第II型糖尿病。
本發明加衣錠片中所用的錠片核或無效劑可包括習用的藥學賦形劑以促成藥學上可接受的固體錠片核之形成。錠片核可呈錠片,珠粒,小珠,或丸之形式,所有上述都總稱為錠片核。
本發明加衣錠片包括藥物,例如上述DPP4-抑制劑,saxaglipitin,其量係錠在片核的從約0.1至約70重量%且較佳者從約1至約50重量%的範圍之內。
於本發明加衣錠片中採用的錠片核較佳者係包含
a)至少一種填充劑或填料;
b)視需要選用的至少一種黏合劑;
c)視需要選用的至少一種崩解劑;和
d)較佳但視需要選用的至少一種潤滑劑。
a)該填充料或填料的含量係在從約1至約95重量%,較佳者從約10至約85重量%的範圍之內;
b)該黏合劑的含量為在從約0至約20重量%,較佳者從約1至約10重量%的範圍內;
c)該崩解劑的含量為在從約0至約5重量%,且較佳者從約0.25至約10重量%的範圍內;且
d)潤滑劑的含量為在從約0至約5重量%,較佳者從約0.2至約2重量%的範圍內,
所有上述重量%都是以錠片核的重要為基準。
較佳者,該填充劑為微晶纖維素和乳糖一水合物;該崩解劑為交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉;且該潤滑劑為硬脂酸鎂。
本發明加衣錠片中所含錠片核可由多種方法及賦形劑添加順序予以製備。此等調製物的用法不限於特定型或製造方法。錠片核可由濕式造粒,乾式造粒,直接摻合或任何別的藥學上可接受之方法予以製造。
根據本發明,提出一種較佳的用於製備本發明加衣錠片中所用錠片核之方,其包括將一或多種賦形劑例如填充劑,選用的黏合劑和選用的崩解劑予以摻合之步驟。於摻合物中較佳地加入潤滑劑以幫助錠片形成。
填充劑或填料在本發明錠片核組成物中的含量為在從核組成物的約1至約95重量%且較佳者從約10至約85重量%的範圍內。適用於此的填充劑或填料之例子包括,但不限於,纖維素衍生物例如微晶纖維素或木質纖維素,乳糖,蔗糖,澱粉,預膠凝澱粉,右旋糖,甘露醇,果糖,木糖醇,山梨醇,玉米澱粉,改質玉米澱粉,無機鹽類例如碳酸鈣,磷酸鈣,磷酸二鈣,硫酸鈣,糊精/dextrate,麥芽糊精,可壓縮糖類,和其他已知填充劑或填料,及/或二或多種彼等之混合物,較佳者為微晶纖維素。
黏合劑在本發明藥學組成物中的含量視需要者係在核組成物的從約0至約20重量%,較佳者從約1至約10重量%的範圍內。適用於此的黏合劑之例子包括,但不限於,羥丙基纖維素,玉米澱粉,預膠凝澱粉,改質玉米澱粉,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PCP)(分子量範圍從約5,000至約1,000,000,較佳者約40,000),羥內基甲基纖維素(HPMC),乳糖,阿膠,乙基纖維素,纖維素乙酸酯,以及蠟黏合劑例如巴西棕櫚蠟,石蠟,鯨蠟,聚乙烯類或微晶型蠟,以及其他習用的黏合劑及/或二或多種彼等之混合物,較佳者為羥丙基纖維素。
崩解劑在本發明藥學組成物中視需用之含量係在核心組成物的從約0至約20重量%,較佳者從約0.25至約10重量%的範圍內。適用於本發明的崩解劑之例子包括,但不限於,交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉,交聯聚乙基吡咯烷酮,澱粉,馬鈴薯澱粉,預膠凝澱粉,玉米澱粉,澱粉乙醇酸酯鈉,微晶纖維素,低取代度羥丙基纖維素或其他已知的崩解劑,較佳者交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉。
潤滑劑在本發明藥學組成物的最優含量係在核組成物的從約0.1至約5重量%,較佳者從約0.2至約2重量%。適合用於本發明的製片潤滑劑之例子包括,但不限於,硬脂酸鎂,硬脂酸鋅,硬脂酸鈣,滑石,巴西棕櫚蠟,硬脂酸,棕櫚酸,月桂基反丁烯二酸鈉或氫化植物油和脂肪,或其他已知的製片潤滑劑,及/或二或多種彼等的混合物,較佳者為硬脂鎂。
內部封合塗層調製物(也稱為第一塗層)包括以內部封合塗層的重量計為高達95%的聚合物)。該調製物包含至少一種塗層聚合物和上述塗覆溶劑,較佳者為水,其係用於加工且可乾燥移除。塗層聚合物可為羥丙基甲基纖維素,聚乙烯醇(PVA),乙基纖維素,甲基丙烯酸系聚合物或羥丙基纖維素,較佳者為PVA。塗層也可視需要包括增塑劑例如甘油三乙酸酯,酞酸二乙酯,癸二酸三丁酯或聚乙二醇(PEG),較佳者為PEG;乃抗黏劑或助流劑例如滑石,發煙矽石或硬脂酸鎂;不透光劑例如二氧化鈦。塗覆物質可在市面上於商品名HP或II白等名下取得。
第二塗層調製物較佳者在組成上類似於第一塗層調製物,不過其要包含藥物,較佳者DPP4抑制劑,其量為在以第二塗層的重量計從約0.5至約70%,較佳者從約30至約50重量%的範圍內。
第三外部保護層較佳者在組成上類似於第一塗層。
第四塗層於有含有,其組成較佳者係類似於第三外部保護塗層且視需要包括著色劑,例如在以該第四塗層的重量計從約0.5至約5.0重量%的範圍之內。
該內部封合塗層較佳者係由塗層聚合物所形成,其量係在該內部封合塗層的從約10至約95重量%,較佳者從約20至約90重量%的範圍內,視需要另含增塑劑,其量係在該塗層的從約10至約30%,較佳者從約15至約20重量%的範圍內,及抗黏劑或助流劑,其量為該內部封合塗層的從約15至約30%,較佳者從約10至約15重量%的範圍內。
該第二塗層較佳者係由塗層聚合物所形成,其量為該第二塗層的從約30至約99.5%,較佳者從約40至約60重量%的範圍之內,且包括藥物,其量為該第二塗層的從約0.25至約70%,較佳者從約20至約50重量%。
第二塗層中的塗層聚合物為200毫克錠片核的至少約5毫克,且該藥物為至少約0.5毫克。
第三外部保護塗層較佳者具有與第一塗層相似的組成。
該內部封合塗層的含量為在成品加衣錠片的從約1至約5%,較佳者從約1至約3重量%之範圍內;該第二塗層(包含藥物)的含量係在成品加衣錠片的從約0.25至約70%,較佳者從約1至約50重量%的範圍之內,取決於效力;且該第三外部保護塗層和第四層的含量力在該成品加衣錠片重量的從約1至約10%,較佳者從約1至約5%的範圍內。
下面列出本發明的較佳錠片調製物。
下面的操作實施例代表本發明較佳具體實例。
按照下述製備具有下示組成的500克一批之2.5毫克DPP4加衣錠片。
按下述製備500克錠片核。
將乳糖一水合物,交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉,和微晶纖維素在一行星型混合內摻合。然後與預篩過的硬脂酸鎂使用Turbula混合器摻合將該摻合物潤滑。使用單站壓機或使用旋轉壓機將潤滑過的摻合物壓成200毫克無效劑片。
按下述製備內部封合塗覆懸浮液。
將在金屬容器內的0.1N HCl(約226.7克)用減輕混合器連續攪拌。於渦流中迅速加入40克HP粉末。於粉末添加完畢後,以低速繼續混合直到目視下為明顯均勻混合物為止。測量所得懸浮液之pH且使用濃HCl或NaOH將pH調整到2。
根據下列參數調定Glatt塗覆器
將錠片核置於一塗盤內預熱約10至15分鐘。稱取30經加熱過的錠片。繼續乾燥該錠片直到從錠片驅除掉水分且錠片重量變成固定為止。將30錠片的最後重量定為A。
採用Glatt塗覆器以上面所製內部封合塗覆懸浮液塗覆該30錠片。
每隔10分鐘稱取該30錠片(且記錄其重量)直到錠片重量達到目標重量為止(方程式1)。加熱乾燥經塗覆的錠片直到錠片重量度成固定為止。將如此塗覆過的錠片之最後重量定為B。
目標重量=A×1.02=B
按下述製備中間含藥物塗覆懸浮液。
於金屬容器內的1000毫升0.1N HCl中加入12.5克的DPP4-抑制劑(游離鹼)。測量pH且調整到2。繼續攪拌該HCl且將100克HP迅速加到渦流內。然後以低速攪拌混合物直到目視為明顯均勻混合物為止。視需要使用濃HCl或1N HCl維持懸浮液的pH在2。
使用Glatt塗覆器用上面製備的含DPP4-抑制劑之塗覆懸浮液塗覆上面製備的封合塗覆錠片核。稱取30封合塗覆錠片的重量,於最初係每隔30分鐘,然後每隔15分鐘且記錄該重量直到達到目標重量為止(方程式2)。加熱乾燥經如此塗過的錠片直到錠片重量變成固定為止。將30錠片的最後重量定為C。
目標重量=B+30(2.925(等於2.5毫克游離鹼)+20毫克)=B+687.75毫克=C
塗在錠片上的藥物量係使用HPLC,光纖探器,或NIR或其他適當手段予以測定。在沈積目標量的藥物時即停止塗覆。
然後用在形成內部封合塗層中所用的HP懸浮液塗覆經如此塗覆過的錠片每10分鐘稱取30錠片的重量且記錄重量直到達到目標重量為止(方程式3)。加熱乾燥該錠片直到錠片重量度成固定為止。
30錠片的最後重量定為D。
目標重量=C+30×4毫克=C+120毫克=D
將經如此塗過的錠片轉移到一適當容器之內。
經如此製成的本發明錠片具有較傳統錠片調製物(其中藥物係在核心中)和膠囊調製物更優良的穩定性。
上述本發明2.5毫克效價的加衣錠片經貯存於各種貯存條件長達且包括41週且收集相關於降解物環狀脒(主要為順式環狀脒(Cis-CA)之穩定性數據。如下面所示表1中所顯示者,在25℃/60%RH貯存條件下沒有偵檢到順式-CA。在30℃/60%RH和40℃/75%RH貯存條件下的順式-CA含量分別為0.22%和0.32%。此等含量明顯低於表2中所示在5毫克和20毫克效價的膠囊調製物中所觀測到者。
Claims (16)
- 一種加衣錠片,其包括錠片核及a)塗覆在該錠片核上的內部封合塗層;b)第二塗層,其包括塗覆在該錠片核的內部封合塗層上之DPP4抑制劑;及c)視需要選用的外部保護塗層,其係塗覆在該錠片核的第二塗層上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之加衣錠片,其中該DPP4抑制劑係不安定者且可能發生降解。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之加衣錠片,其中該內部封合塗層包括以聚乙烯醇(PVA)為基底的聚合物;該第二塗層包括DPP4抑制劑和以聚乙烯醇(PVA)為基底的聚合物;且該其他保護塗層包括以聚乙烯醇(PVA)為基底的聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之加衣錠片,其中該第二塗層包括以該第二塗層的重量計約0.1至約70重量%的DPP4抑制劑和約30至約99.5重量%的塗覆聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之加衣錠片,其中該第二塗層中的以聚乙烯醇(PVA)為基底的聚合物為至少約2毫克/200毫克錠片核,且該DPP4抑制劑為至少約0.2毫克。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之加衣錠片,其進一步包括經配置在該第二塗層上的第三外部保護塗層。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之加衣錠片,其中該第二塗層包括以聚乙烯醇(PVA)為基底的聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之加衣錠片,其中該內部封合塗層和該外部保護層皆包括以PVA為基底的聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之加衣錠片,其中該第二塗層中的該以PVA為基底之聚合物實質上係與該外部塗層中的以PVA為基底之聚合物相同。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之加衣錠片,其中以PVA為基底的聚合物包括聚乙烯醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之加衣錠片,其中該第二塗層中的DPP4抑制劑含量範圍係約0.2至約140毫克且該塗覆聚合物的含量範圍係約2至約140毫克;且於各該內部封合塗層和可隨意選用之外部保護塗層中,該塗覆聚合物的含量範圍為約1至約100毫克。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之加衣錠片,其中該錠片核包括一或多種填料,可隨意選用的一或多種黏合劑,可隨意選用的一或多種崩解劑及可隨意選用的一或多種製錠潤滑劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之加衣錠片,其中該錠片核包括微晶纖維素、乳糖單化合物、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉及硬脂酸鎂。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之加衣錠片,其具有如下所示之組成:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之加衣錠片,其中對5毫克效價,該第二塗層包括5毫克DPP4抑制劑和5毫克以聚乙烯醇(PVA)為基底的聚合物,且對2.5毫克效價,該第二塗層包括2.5毫克DPP4抑制劑和20毫克以聚乙烯醇(PVA)為基底的聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至15項中任一項之加衣錠片,其中該DPP4抑制劑為saxaglipitin
之氫氯酸鹽或三氟乙酸鹽。
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