TWI292678B - Top-emittierendes, elektrolumineszierendes bauelement mit zumindest einer organischen schicht - Google Patents

Description

1292678 IX. Description of the Invention: Field of the Invention The method of illuminating the top mm cow's having the characteristics of the first item of the patent application range and a method for producing 71 kinds of luminescent f-exciting stages according to the method of claim 20 of the patent application. The prior art, for this fast enough to display the data visually and smaller, does not occupy the pq, the tongue 3 hits the soil, the weight is lighter, and the cost is lower, and the display is not only low in cost. At the same time, it also has the secret "relatively lower advantages. Due to the low operating voltage of the organic light-emitting diode (qLed), the high energy of the service, and the fact that the woman can give up any right, and the demand for display continues to rise. At present, flat-panel displays used in notebook computers, mobile phones, and digital cameras still have some disadvantages in liquid crystal displays, and main-readable crystal displays. For example, the contrast and color of the display are greatly affected by the viewing angle, and the image and The operation at the time of contrast replacement is slow, and the shortcomings such as the slamming shirt (4) wave It and the polarization n are low. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired brightness, it is necessary to inject relatively large amount of electric energy. Therefore, the demand for color display 11 with better display, small size, high resolution, and power saving is very large. The use of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED)-based display is another type of liquid crystal display (LCD). This is because the organic light-emitting diode (〇LED) itself is composed of light-emitting pixels. There will be any lighting for the scene. For example, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) can be used to fabricate a lighting element by using an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) to form a thin-walled light-emitting device having a thin (four) display and a 1292678 color. The principle of luminescence of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is electro-excitation light, and the so-called electro-excitation light means that light is emitted due to recombination of electron-hole pairs (also called so-called excitons). For the purpose of illuminating, the structure of the organic light-emitting diode (〇LED) is designed as a sandwich structure having at least one organic film which is disposed between the two electrodes as an activating material, when positively charged and The negative charge will be injected into the intensifying material, and the charge will move from the hole and/or the electrode to a recombination zone in the organic layer. The charge will be combined into a single-line exciton and/or triplet in this recombination zone. Son, and let out the light. The recombination of the exciton light then causes the visible effective light to be emitted, that is, the visible effective light emitted from the light-emitting diode. It will be possible to make this light clear from the development of the optical components, at least one of the electrodes must be transparent. This transparent electrode is usually composed of an electrically conductive oxide called TCO (transparent conductive oxides). The fabrication of the substrate is the starting point for the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), since each of the constituent layers constituting the organic light-emitting body (OLED) is sequentially disposed on the substrate. If the electrode adjacent to the substrate is transparent, the light-emitting component is called, bottom-emission-OLED, if another electrode (electrode farther from the substrate) It is transparent, and this kind of light-emitting component is called "top-emission_LED", if it is between the substrate and at least one layer of organic material (that is, the electrode close to the film) ) and the electrodes farther away from the substrate are transparent, and the illuminating device is called a fully transparent organic light-emitting diode. & ', , 6 1292678 The area in which the light is emitted or the emitted light is generated by the exciton state* in which the light and electrons overlap. The different structural layers of the organic light-emitting diode (e.g., the transparent electrode and the at least one organic layer) typically have different refractive indices, and these structural layers have refractive indices greater than one due to material properties. Since the critical surface between the structural layers in the organic light-emitting diode and/or the total reflection between the organic light-emitting diode and the air may occur, the photons generated are not all capable of Leave the organic light-emitting diode and become light. In addition, a portion of the resulting luminescent line is absorbed in the organic light-emitting diode. In addition to the propagation of external modes mentioned in the previous sentence, the organic light-emitting diodes may also lead to the propagation of optical substrate modes and/or optical organic modes (that is, light on the substrate, transparent electrodes, and / or at least one of the organic layers propagates if the electrode adjacent to the substrate is opaque (top-emitting organic light-emitting diode), except for the external mode, only at least one organic layer and/or far from the substrate, The propagation of the total organic wave is generated in the pole. Only the external optical mode is regarded as light by the observer, although the external optical mode accounts for the proportion of the total amount of luminescence generated by the organic light-emitting diode. The structure of the body is different', but both are less than 2G%. Therefore, it is necessary to try to improve the ratio of the internal light-emitting (ie organic mode and substrate mode) output coupling from the organic light-emitting diode to maximize the organic light emission. Luminous efficiency of diodes. So far, many methods and design methods have been proposed to mention: the efficiency of the transmission, the round (four) combination of these methods and design Most of them are proposed for the bottom-lighted organic light-emitting diodes, in order to improve the exit surface of the optical substrate mode. For example, I·Schnitzer in Appl. Phys. Lett., Bd. 63, 2174 I292678 '^ Function' The number of photons that are sequestered in the money layer (4) and the amount obtained in (4) is captured in the homogeneous organic layer. 除了 In addition to the above-mentioned non-uniformity of the material itself in the organic intensifying layer 'Another method is to add foreign matter (small to nano-sized particles) to the organic electro-active material to avoid the waveguide effect in the organic layer (10), for example, SA Carter et al. in Appl. Phys Lett, Bd 7ι (ΐ997 A method proposed in the paper entitled "Enhanced luminance in polymer composite light emitting φ. For example, Ti02, SiO 2, or A1203 can be used to make such small to nano-sized particles, and then polymer luminescent materials are added. For example, in MEH-PPV). In addition to the bottom-emitting organic light-emitting diodes, since the top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes also have the advantages mentioned at the beginning of this article in special applications, the importance of ^ is also increasing. If both electrodes and the substrate are transparent, it is possible to manufacture the entire (four) light-emitting electroluminescent component, that is, to produce an organic light-emitting diode that can emit light up and down. If the substrate: The substrate of the top-emitting organic light-emitting diode must not be transparent, and in addition to glass, many materials can be used as the material for the substrate, some of which can make the light-emitting component elastic, that is, It can be a bendable light-emitting component. In addition, 'in this type of top-emitting electroluminescent light-emitting component' can also use metal film, Shi Xi wafer, or other substrates and printed circuit boards with Shi Xi electronic components. As a substrate. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to improve the output-combination efficiency of at least a spliced core of the above-mentioned top illuminating electroluminescent light 1292678 component.

The illuminating assembly having the features of the first item of the application of the present invention is in an extremely simple manner. The invention proposes that the illuminating electroluminescent component (especially the micro-component produced by the organic luminescent diode) has a substrate, a first electrode of the # near substrate, and the 雠Ji is farther away. The second electrode, and at least one of the light-emitting organic layers between the two electrodes, emits light from the hairline machine layer through the second bungee. The light-emitting assembly of the present invention is characterized in that an additional layer is additionally provided on the surface of the second electrode f at least one of the organic layers, the additional layer containing the light (4) (four) heterogeneity (especially made In the form of scattering, the heterogeneity of the form, and the transmittance of this additional layer is greater than that of 〇6. The transmittance r of the layer is calculated by the formula of r = e-(iv), where the absorption coefficient of the table, d represents the additional layer thickness.顶部 The top-emitting electroluminescent device of the present invention can achieve a good improvement effect. The output of the light can be increased by a factor of four (the actual number is determined by the implementation method). In addition, in addition to the previously mentioned functions, the additional layer may have other functions. A basic idea of the invention is to provide a transmission (four) layer on the surface of the second electrode that is far from the organic layer. The function of the transmission layer is to affect the teaching of the optical layer in the organic layer and the transparent electrode (10). Scattering to improve the output I horse efficiency. This paved _ layer has the effect because it contains a heterogeneous light scattering scent, the surface of the singularity - the sensation of the light bribe is deflected. These heterogeneities can cause light scattering and / or diffraction, and this photon effect is not only Occurs in the (four) phase, which also occurs on the δ?σ interface of the output 292678 layer, and the Eubola e-band has these heterogeneous, critical and far-reaching critical faces. In addition, the intrinsic property or non-solidity "produces through the output of the light layer itself to prevent the organic layer and / or the contact layer: the first line of the special structure will be _ people external mode. Wheel must = large Partially preventing excessive light from being absorbed in the additional layer and transparent,

An output with a transmittance greater than 0.6 is required. 2 It is found that only one piece can emit more light. The appetite layer is such that the embodiments of the illuminating group of the present invention are described in the patent application.) The "applied to the second: ί" is also spaced at least a predetermined distance from the second electrode. If = form a common critical surface and / or connect to each other ^ =, then Cao can make the organic mode input to the additional sound with a good efficiency: in the application, the additional layer can also be set to "out of the light" The distance is not as good as the distance should be slightly smaller than the light-emitting component (4), and the high-transmission (four) efficiency is implemented in a manner that the optical scattering material is placed in the additional layer in the manner of a knife-knife cloth. The size of the different f used as the scattering particles is between G feet m and 100/ζΊ. The size of the lungs can be scattered. Rayleigh scattering (scattering intensity and " If you use scattering particles with a size larger than (10), the absorption rate of the light moving along the scattering direction of 1292678 will be greatly improved. This phenomenon is related to the scattering phenomenon of the wavelength of the light—Linfa: so-called "Scattering particles" means all particles or regions located in an additional layer with a size between 〇〇$^(4) and resulting in scattering of the scattering Mie scattering (that is, the scattering of the shirt will vary with the wavelength of =). In addition It is also possible to ride the optical optics on the far surface of the can, and these are as the size of the dispersion: between 〇.〇5"m to 100/zm. h, Beiyue-Yi-li is implemented above The difference mentioned is in the additional layer and on the surface of the additional layer to produce a better effect of the rounding: the thickness of the pole is weaker than the 'secondary electricity=', and the layered transmission method is to make the additional layer The implementation of the X-electrode with the #_plus layer is the other one of the second electrode; the kind of special advantage. The illusion is further reduced to 40nm in the second electricity two: The mode of application is that the refractive index of the additional layer is greater between the second electrode and the additional second 攸 攸 electrode into the additional layer, which is preferably between 1.6 and U between U and 2.3, and most It is good to be input to the output mode organic mode to be all or most ☆ 12 1292678 In principle, the wheel-out coupling layer of the present invention can also be disposed on a top-emitting electroluminescent device having a plurality of organic layers, such as a German patent. An advantageous way to propose a DE 1〇2 15 21〇A1 is in addition to the illumination disposed between the two electrodes In addition to the leakage, other organic layers are arranged and corrected. In the case of a non-inverting structure, the structure of the light-emitting assembly is as follows: L substrate; 2. first electrode, hole injection anode; Doped hole injection and transfer layer;

4. The thin hole layer of the thin layer, which is the highest level of the material of the highest structural molecular orbital (HOMO. highest oeeupied moleeule Grbital). The material is made of energy level; 5) luminescent layer; very bound electronic side intermediate layer, this intermediate layer is composed of a minimum unoccupied orbit (LUMO: l0west un_pied __ __ (10) can be combined with other structural layers around it The lowest level of unused orbital energy level matching material; 1 back 7 · n-type doped electron injection and transfer layer; 8 · second electrode, electron injection into the cathode. In the case of reversed phase structure, this The structure of the illuminating component is as follows: 1. Substrate · 2. a) 3. a) 4. a) first electrode, electron injection cathode; n-doped electron injection and transfer layer; very thin electron The middle layer, which is composed of a minimum unoccupied 13 1292678 (LUMO: lowest unoccupied molecule orbital) energy level capable of coordinating with the lowest unused molecular constitutive material of the surrounding structural layers. Made of materials 5) a) luminescent layer; 6. a) a very thin hole-side intermediate layer, which is composed of an energy level of the highest occupied molecule orbital (HOMO) and other surrounding structural layers. The material is made of the material of the highest occupied molecular orbital level; _ 7.a) p-doped hole injection and transfer layer; 8 a) The second electrode, the hole is injected into the anode. As described in German Patent DE 102 15 210 A1, the hole-transporting layer may form a P-type doping with the species 5: a main-type organic material, and the electron-transporting layer may form an n-type doping with a donor-type organic material. Such doping can increase the conductivity of the transfer layer (working eight transfer layer and electron transfer layer), so the thickness of the doped transfer layer can be greater than the thickness of the undoped transfer (usually 2 〇啲 to 4 〇) Between nm) 'and does not lead to a significant increase in the voltage of the guard. Therefore, in the case where the hairdressing member is a non-inverting structure, an advantageous embodiment is to additionally provide an organic layer between the additional layer and the intensifying organic layer, and the additionally disposed organic layer is a donor and a donor. The organic material forms an n-type doped electron transfer layer with a thickness between 5G legs and 2/zm, especially between l100rnn and i_nm; in the case where the light-emitting component is in a reversed phase structure, ^种有# The way to do this is to add another layer between the additional layer and the intensified organic layer. An organic layer is additionally provided. The additionally disposed organic layer is a P-type doped electron transfer layer formed with a type of organic material, and has a thickness of between 2,292,678 and 2/m, especially between 100 nm. Between l〇〇〇nm. Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned structural formula of the light-emitting component of the present invention, an electrode is provided between the additional layer and the intensifying organic layer, and a blocking layer may be provided when necessary. For the sake of completeness of the description, it must be pointed out here that, depending on the different embodiments (in the case of a reverse phase structure and/or the case of a non-inverting structure), the illumination assembly of the invention does not necessarily have to have all of the previously mentioned construction layers. In addition, other structural layers may be additionally provided, for example, a very thin (less than IGnm) contact improving layer between the electron transfer layer and the cathode and/or another thin layer (thickness) Less than 1 〇 nm) contact improving layer between the anode and the hole transport layer. For the next manufacturing step, Lu, 'especially the step of resting on the second pole or on the second electrode 11 layer' is an important thing in the luminescence. Between the layers, the thick layer of the _ charge transfer ϋ ϋ 作 作 作 作 作 作 作 作 作 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光 发光Between 1 and 1, in particular, there is another between 3 _ and 100 _. The output coupling method is that the 'additional layer can not only improve the light protection to provide the protection layer/recorder radiation for setting the structure layer between her two! _ mechanical load, electromagnetic radiation, particle radiation (for example In addition to the function of the gas, and / or the influence of chemicals. In addition to or protection of Wei, this ^ can be improved in this way - a package; the application on the display is particularly important. 15 1292678 The work on the second electrode can be done via one or = known techniques. For example, the additional layer can be grounded using sputtering techniques, crystal growth techniques, or amorphous growth techniques. The only prerequisite is that (4) must mention the heterogeneity that can improve the coupling efficiency of light output. 1 In order to arrange the additional layer on the second electrode, an advantageous embodiment is to make the additional layer have a Dissolving and adding a non-inherent optically excited heterogeneous substrate. The substrate may have a photoresist containing an extrinsic optically excited heterogeneous. Another possible way is to photolithography The surface is roughened so that an optically active heterogeneity can be placed on the surface. It is also possible to use an additional layer containing an intrinsic optically excited heterogeneity, such as an additional layer containing different phases separated from each other, depending on the application. Or an additional layer having holes. In order for these heterogeneties to cause the light to form Mie scattering, the size should be between. In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method of manufacturing a top-emitting electroluminescent device. In particular, a method for fabricating an organic light-emitting diode device by providing a first electrode adjacent to the substrate, a second electrode remote from the substrate, and at least one of the two The illuminating organic layer between the electrodes, and in order to transmit light, the second electrode must be transparent. This method is characterized by being disposed on the side of the second electrode that is further from the at least one organic layer. One contains a heterogeneity that scatters light. This additional layer can be placed in the second using one or several known techniques. On the electrode, in particular, the additional layer can be placed on the second electrode by wet chemical method. An additional layer can be made by mixing a substrate of 16 1292678 specific size scattering particles by wet chemical method. It is possible to add a suitable solvent to such a substrate to help form an additional layer by wet chemical method. In addition, add an octagonal dispersion material to scatter as a scattering particle.

A two-fold simple and advantageous method is to form an additional layer method or a 疋 affixing method, and the additional layer is disposed on the _, 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Using sputtering, crystallization or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition _ coffee; pi followed by the method, spit (10) cal vapor desp〇siti〇n) anced can be crystallized, amorphous, or ::=. Add layers. A particularly advantageous way is to form an additional layer, such as ^2~, to choose a favorable ^: mesh-form formation:, into the group 2::: and: in order to produce a higher density optical effect :: The purpose of different material bases/onsets with different gate current constants is to enhance polycrystalline growth and/or position. Read and do it at the same time, and the additional material that can be produced by the way of the material is formed by I. Therefore, it is composed of the other compound (4) film. Up or steaming on the 1 = square; yes: the layered material is injected into an additional layer, and during this process, the material that constitutes the optical iso S 17 17292678 is injected into the additional layer by cold spray. Another advantageous embodiment is to remove a steamed ore from Yin 曰 曰 曰 to form an additional layer. This two 'will ^ crystallized polycrystals and thus optical heterogeneity, and in the second; different _ 峨 ", amorphous", these are not _ her; ^ or f into the aforementioned _ shot ^ steamed Machine phase formation with ==: It is easy to set these organic layers on the organic light-emitting body structure, and does not cause the structure of the organic light-emitting diodes. The polar phase of the polar body is r' but this is acceptable for the top lighting assembly. As mentioned above, an advantageous way is to first set a transfer layer with a thickness of between 3 ί^°°Γ and having an organic doping, so that it is attached by means of a hot steam or a turn. The layer is placed on the irr-side and very thin contact layer (turning electrode), and does not cause any damage to the organic layer. In addition, an advantageous way is to apply the inner layer because of the implementation of the organic component of the illuminating component, and the method of sputtering or steaming (four) is added to the structure: the day is as "40" and constitutes the scattering center. The materials are added in turn to form the month r depending on the nature of the material. Individually choose the most ideal steam. All such embodiments can use the same steam or mineral ore material. You can also use different steaming methods as described above. Alternatively, an optical heterogeneity can be formed on the surface of the additional layer that is further away from the first electrode. For example, brushing, grinding, shadowing, etc., on the surface of the _ layer, the shape of the wire (four) quality: Xiefa 雠 咖 咖 = = = = = = = = = = When using this embodiment, the output of the light person ^ is attached...-required. I::::方== :The brush, etc., are all removed in a non-uniform way from the wheel to the person in the 』:Τ; ^ Γ 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微 微Deformation is the result of the output - a beneficial side: the purpose of output light efficiency. The force on the layer is mainly distributed along the 4 layers of the organic light-emitting layer under the additional layer through the seal, so as to avoid damage to the output surface. I /, the seal must be properly constructed

In addition, the advantageous sides A, H form a stamp of the structured surface which is used to press the surface of the additional layer to make such a stamp. The wavy pattern ', for example, by lithography, another advantageous implementation, forms a structured form on the additional layer by means of lithography or screen printing in a type capable of organic hair. ~11 body to improve the effect of good protection 19 1292678 _ industry is to first make the additional layer into a film, and then laminate or paste the film on the light-emitting components. Embodiments Fig. 1 shows the basic construction and operation principle of a conventional top lighting assembly (100). In this example, the electrode (12〇) closer to the substrate (11〇) is used as a metal layer for reflecting light. In the following description, the electric pole (120) will be praised as the first electrode. A plurality of organic layers are provided on the first electrode, and these organic layers are collectively referred to as an organic layer structure (13〇) in Fig. 1. This organic layer structure (no) contains at least one organic electroluminescent layer. A second electrode (14 Å) made of a transparent material such as an electrically conductive oxide is provided over the organic layer structure (130). If a voltage is applied between the two electrodes, the charge will be injected into the two organic layers, that is, the electrons will flow out from the junction and the holes will flow out from the other electrode. And the organic layer located between the two electrodes is co-injected, and thus is combined into an electron-hole pair in the excitation region to emit light. The number (131) in Fig. 1 represents a luminous point. As the first! As the arrow in the figure shows, light will travel from this point of illumination. It can be seen from the figure that 'the light will reflect on the _ critical surface of the two layers or enter the next layer. Staying in the edge member, that is, the light that stays in the organic layer structure (130) and/or the electrode (14〇) in this example is called the organic mode 'light leaving the light-emitting component (EM1' EM2 is deleted as an external mode. Since the absorption coefficient of the organic layer for the light generated in the organic layer is not equal to 〇, the ray of the ray is absorbed in the longitudinal direction 20 1292678 of the organic layer. To achieve this, the method proposed by the present invention Yes = out =; = = set an additional layer (also known as output cm, dissimilar material is set at the input (four) combination (four) is set two = 52 Figure 2 shows the basic structure of the top light-emitting component of the present invention and The principle of action. Since the number of organic layers is too large, brain SiE is not important, so the f-layer of the second organic layer is as shown in Fig. 2, as the back plate (backpl (four) (120), the organic layer structure _ is set at the electrode The inside of the household (usually the light in the visible range) is in the organic dih ω. The second electric _ is located above the organic layer structure (13 〇), which is the additional layer (10)) The output of the difference is in the layer of the ancient H H - an electrode (140) In this additional layer (150), the second ϋ, the scattering particles (151) between I11" to 1(K)"m. In all the micro-sizes are about the outline coffee. ^The same Method (depending on the embodiment) Manufacturing (4) 2 shows the light-emitting components of Maoming. For example, printing (ink jet printing method, screen brushing, motor vehicle 1 production printing method, plug printing method, high pressure printing method, low pressure) Wet chemical method such as printing/, 'printing, press-through printing method, scraping ink, spin coating, dipping coating, rotating k-layer shower, etc., placing the (four) layer on the second @ electrode The wheel-out coupling layer made by the escape method has some internal 1292678 quality, so there is no need to add any additional additives. Therefore, it is necessary to add the scattering micro-n J to dissolve the political light in the solvent first. One or more of the materials (depending on the method), which are used as solvents, emulsions, and/or dispersants, and after being coated on the organic light-emitting diodes The composition of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

-? "Dissolve, for example, a polyfluoride solution or a polystyrene solution dissolved in an organic solution, such as xylol, toluene (T〇lu〇1), benzotrile (Anisol), trimethyl An aromatic solvent such as benzene (Trimethylbenz〇i). a solution made of an organic non-polymeric coating material, such as an organic glass solution, such as Ortho-Terphenyl or 1,3,5- dissolved in an aromatic solvent such as toluene. Tri-α-naphthyl-Benzol (1,3,5-Tri-alpha-Naphtyl-Benzol); - a monomer or a mixture of monomers that are polymerized after being coated (eg, methyl methacrylate (Me) Thy 1 me thacry 1 ate) or allyldiglycolcarbonat), or a derivative of a monomer that has been heated, chemically treated, or photoexcited after being applied; a monomer or mixture of monomers which are bonded together by addition polymerization, such as a polymeric carbonate; an optical adhesive; a photoresist; a transparent or translucent adhesive, such as a chemical hardening Adhesive (for example, jfe agent of 22:292678), thermosetting adhesive (such as acrylate or epoxy), or enamel, external hardening adhesive (such as acrylate or epoxy) a transparent thermoplastic such as bottom density polyethylene, polymeric carbonate, and urethane (P〇lyUrethane); - Thermosetting plastics, such as phenolic resin or melamine resin; (Melaminharze); an aqueous emulsion formulated with polyacrylic acid vinegar, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate, Organic emulsions, or fluorinated organic emulsions; _ ~, paints such as alkyd paints, tipized cellulose paints, two-component paints (such as polyurethane paint), water-dilutable paints, synthetic resin paints, and Acrylic paint; - Collagen, such as gelatin, Zell〇phan, or Zelluloid; - Polymer dispersant, such as titanium dioxide particles and polyvinyl acetate dissolved in water; - Formulated with inorganic materials Solution or dispersant, such as a salt solution φ. Depending on the substrate material used, scattering particles can be selected from many possible combinations, such as: - inorganic microcrystals (eg salt crystals), metal oxides (eg citrate), Sapphire microcrystals, Mg〇, or si〇2; -Inorganic microcrystals (such as hydrocarbons), crystallized polymeric particles (such as temple powder), cellulose or synthetic polymers (such as polyfluorene) (Polyamide), poly_3,4_ethylene dithiophene (pED〇T): poly(styrene sulfonate (pss) crystal)); 23 1292678 - gas phase oxidation dream (Aerosile); - inorganic amorphous Materials such as quartz) (si〇2); - nanoscale particles; - polymer powders, such as polymeric carbonates, polyimine, polyester, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (pp), poly Ether, glory polymer, polyamine, and polyvinyl acetate; - non-polymeric powders, such as organic materials (such as aromatics), aliphatic materials, and heterocyclic materials; Bubbles generated by gases such as hydrocarbons (pentane), inert gases (argon), nitrogen, carbon dioxide, FCKW, etc. of the substrate solution; - bubbles, for example, via gaseous reactions occurring in the substrate solution to produce gaseous reaction products ( For example carbon dioxide or nitrogen). Furthermore, in the embodiment depicted in one of the figures, the dry method can also be used to form additional layers in a stacked manner. In this embodiment, the optical heterogeneity mentioned in the preceding φ is added to the thin movement in the production of the film for stacking, and the aforementioned matrix material and its combination with the various scattering particles mentioned above are only _ If the stacking operation is mixed, it can be added as a light heterogeneity. For example, gas phase dioxide aerosile particles are added to a film of polyvinyl acetate vinegar, and then the film is stacked on the top-emitting organic light-emitting diode. Another possible way is to attach the film to the top-emitting organic light-emitting diode. An advantageous way is to read and transfer the jade made of an additional layer composed of a film, wherein the face of the double master is in contact with the additional layer film, and the other one is in contact with the light-emitting element, especially with one Electrode contact. ', ^ 24 1292678 Another grade of additional layer of the top-emitting electroluminescent device of the present invention can be made by any of the following methods: sputtering, physical vapor deposition (PVD) Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE · molecular beam epitaxy), metal organic vapor pressure epitaxy Method (MOVPE · metal organic vapor pressure epitaxy), or organic vapor phase deposition (ovpd: organic vapor phase deposition). The following materials are usually used in the application of these methods: - metal oxides such as cerium oxide (Si〇2), cerium oxide (ZnO), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), aluminum oxide (A1203), indium tin oxide ( ΓΓΟ), indium oxide (IZO), titanium dioxide (Ti〇2), gallium oxide (Ga203); - binary semiconductor compounds with large gaps, such as Π4ν and 氮化 nitride compounds and their compound semiconductors; An organic layer (for example, a monomer which is subjected to vapor deposition repolymerization), such as methyl methacrylate or acrylate; an organic layer composed of small molecules such as an aromatic substance, an aliphatic substance, a heterocyclic ring, a ketone type Substance (eg tetraphenylanilinium disulfide (spiro-tad), tricarbazolyl diamine (TCTA), phenanthroline (Bphen)). In addition to being able to transmit light belonging to the visible wavelength range, the other feature of most of the materials used to make the additional layer is that its refractive index is greater than or equal to the refractive index of the organic layer. This helps the light generated in the intensified organic layer to be coupled to the illuminating group _ phase of the present (4) and exit the illuminating assembly through the center. Since most of these materials used to make additional layers 25 1292678 can transmit light in the visible wavelength range, but have a high absorption rate for light belonging to the ultraviolet wavelength range, additional layers made of these materials are not only The organic layer can be protected from moisture and air, and the organic layer can be protected from ultraviolet light. When sputtering a metal oxide, for example, when a transparent electrode is formed by IT sputtering using a sputtering method or an additional layer is sputtered with cerium oxide, the organic layer of the light-emitting component may be affected by electricity (4) or by external force. And damaged. Therefore, in the production of additional layers by such methods, a non-reactive inert gas, such as argon, should be used. In addition, the uppermost layer of the diode can be made to have a special thickness. The luminescent organic layer provides protection. 3: The method proposed by 'Τ=Γ210Α1 utilizes the conductivity of the doped interlayer-polar body to take up the organic layer of the layer to prevent an excessive voltage drop from occurring in the organic layer. The thickest of the diodes (also known as the transfer layer) is often measured in terms of the actual implementation. In the latter part of the machine to shoot the transparent electrode and the field splash _ add layer

The layers may all be transferable for the recovery of the lower layer of the money detector layer. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, (for example znSe or GaN) is deposited from the gas phase by two layers. The reading method does not require the use of gas Wei and therefore the diodes are much smaller than the previously mentioned fabrication methods. This method of forming a vacuum layer by vacuum evaporation will produce an additional layer of (4) 34^ method. When ZnSe is used as the material for the additional layer, = between the electrodes _ to _. In the process of thermal evaporation; group 26

1292678 A sufficient distance apart to cause adverse effects. Of course, in the organic layer that is formed by the organic layer, and through the doping of the egg # ^ (four) square tree, with the thickness of the slave. The threat layer also helps to reduce the poor heat of the organic layer. The insufficient surface of the light-emitting component is automatically executed. Because: single: film, but because the thermal union long crystal buds will grow into a period of time after a period of t, these (10) boundaries will especially be a large number of current growth direction 'and will enter the additional layer Light causes good scattering. Another way to help break down the additional layer (transport-to-layer) into a single-crystallite region is to charge the IWV rider (eg ZnSe and (10)) or πι nitride (eg GaN and A1N). . Since these materials have different gate flow structures, they are suitable for forming a block in the separated crystal regions, and the refractive indices of these materials are also different, so that an optical heterogeneity with particularly good scattering ratio can be formed. Embodiments that produce output coupling light by sputtering metal bismuth will form a completely amorphous film. In another embodiment, the scattering particles are introduced into the additional layer by alternately sputtering the additional layer material and applying the metal particles by spraying. This cold spray method is to spray a metal powder 27 1292678 (for example, copper powder) as a scattering center into an additional layer. Another embodiment forms an additional layer and the optical heterogeneity it contains by alternately sputtering additional layer material and a metal (e.g., copper) onto the light emitting assembly. When using this method, the time for sputtering the metal is set to be short so that only metal clusters can be formed without forming a metal film which excessively absorbs light. In an embodiment in which an organic layer for outputting coupling light is formed by vapor deposition, a scattering center may be added to an additional layer by sputtering or cold spraying, that is, micro metal particles or metal oxides are added as optical heterogeneous. Additional • Layer. In another embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor compound string is vapor-deposited between organic layers. In another embodiment of the present invention, in order to form a scattering center in the output coupling layer, an organic material which is itself precipitated in a crystalline manner is selected. Depending on the embodiment, resinous pitch (Antracen), Phthalocyanine, tert-triphenyldiamine (TPD), tetracarboxylic- dianhydride (PTCDA), or phenanthroline (or phenanthroline) may be used. Bphen) is an additional layer of material for making the light-emitting component of the present invention. Further, in still another embodiment of the present invention, the organic layer is first set by vapor deposition, and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cause polymerization to form an additional layer. Similarly, this embodiment can also use a cold spray method or a metal sputtering method to add a metal particle or a metal oxide string into the additional layer as a scattering center. An additional layer of another embodiment of the present invention is made of yttrium methacrylate (MMA) which is polymerized into puxixi glass by PM irradiation after the addition of scattering particles (PMMA: organic organic matter) glass). The advantage of this method of polymerizing the additional layer is that the additional layer is not damaged by the addition of scattering particles. 28 1292678 In the first: round: combined with optical heterogeneity = hair::: In addition to the embodiment described above, it can also be on the surface of the additional layer of the light-emitting component, in such a way that (2) = size between 50nm and l 〇〇nm between. The original enamel and quality can be used as the illuminating component for making this type of construction: all the materials for making the film mentioned in the attached side can also be used, the material, the rigid-type illuminating component (4), the material of the stalk Both square deposition and vapor deposition materials can also be used as materials for sputtering, sputtering, deposition, and _. Attachment === method to complete, depending on == by = package: cost of the light-emitting component of the invention, the surface of the light-emitting layer _- stamped with a stamp with a microstructure - made of plexiglass The additional layer is sandblasted - brushed - ground (Fig. 3 a/b) shows a cross-mode of the top-emitting electroluminescent device of the present invention, the surface of which is connected to the surface of the second electrode (four) Chemical. The substrate (10), the first electrode (12 Å), the organic layer structure _, and the second electrode (10) in Fig. 3/b) are all identical to the $2_. As can be seen from the side view shown in Fig. 3a, in this embodiment the structuring of the surface of the layer 29(292) is formed by symmetric grooves (152) arranged in sequential order. In the embodiment of Fig. 3a, the surface structure is produced by brushing on the additional layer in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the drawing. In an embodiment not depicted in the drawings, the additional layered surface structure may be formed into a convex or concave shape, and the surface structure may be one-dimensional (ie, linear). It can also be two-dimensional. In the third embodiment, the surface structure of the additional layer (10) is = non-uniform. As can be seen from Fig. 3b, the surface structure of the additional layer (10) has irregularly distributed depressions (153) produced by grinding. Figure 4 shows the use of the seal (10)) in the additional layer (1 structure. The seal (10)) has a number of spaced apart - fixed spacing = (171). Each blade has two faces that are gathered toward the tool tip (Π2'173). The first step of this embodiment is to provide an additional layer (15G) on the second electrode (10), and then to structure the surface of the additional layer (150) in the manner shown in Figure 4, the process is A stamp (17 〇) is placed on the surface of the additional layer (15G) and the stamp (17 〇) is pressed into the surface of the additional layer (150) with a predetermined pressing force (8). At this time, due to the shape of the blade (171), a change in force as indicated by an arrow (:n, F2) in FIG. 4 is formed in the additional reed (15 :): line. As can be seen from the 4th towel, due to the seal shape, most of the pressing force generated by the seal will act in the lateral direction in the output cake layer (150), so it will not act on the output coupling layer (15〇). ) on the underlying organic layer (13〇). After removing the stamp (Π0), the surface of the output light-bonding layer (10) will have a number of grooves spaced apart from each other by a certain distance. The contact surfaces between the trenches and/or trenches constitute the optically excited heterogeneity of this embodiment. 1292678 The embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is to additionally add a spacer block (180) in the light-emitting assembly, such as a spacer block (180) made of photoresist or ruthenium dioxide, which serves to prevent the seal used as a mold. (I%) is pressed too deep to cause deformation or damage to the organic layer structure. This configuration is especially useful for cathode separation or pixel definition of active matrix displays and/or passive matrix displays. In the light-emitting assembly of the present invention, the spacer block ((10)) which is placed in the display should have sufficient size and stability so that the fuser layer is not damaged by the pressing action of the stamp (170) as a mold. .

The music is not displayed in the form of a lighting group. In the embodiment of Fig. 6, the spacer (190) item is provided and the organic layer (10) is protected. Similarly, these spacers (190) must also be subjected to structural processing before the layering of the organic layer, and the method of structuring from the screen printing technique is to ride the surface of the layer. Progress will be in wet chemical methods. The seeding step _ is the first electrode, and the (four) layer is set at the second pressure of the illuminating strip. The fabric_wheel_= is placed on the surface of the wheel-to-ply layer and the squeegee is applied (for example, the operation of the surface is _ _ printing often - the embodiment is: acid squeegee). The other two-ply fabric of the present invention is further scraped by wet chemical method to another knot 31 1292678 以, the structural layer located under the structural layer is dissolved, and the complex advantage can be structured from the heterogeneous (four) phase combination Get = Stone 1 2 = The implementation of the species, the most important point is that the surface deformation of the output coupling layer must be maintained.

In other embodiments of the present invention, the output of the light-cutting is made in a mechanical manner; the lower layer is particularly soft or extremely thin, and cannot be used. ==下=学保护, especially the non-mechanical deformation of this surface = fine-grained surface-active dry etching-inactive dry etching-wet chemical etching of additional layers Slate deformation method If the organic layer structure is sensitive or fragile, before the wheel (four) layer is placed in the organic layer structure, the surface of the layer should be recorded (4) to reduce the mechanical load and heat load of the illuminating component wire. Radiation load, and / or chemical load. This advantageous method can be achieved, for example, by placing a film which has been previously structured by the sheet on the hair module. This type of operation is preceded by the deposition of a solvent-based material sheet--a fully transparent or translucent film. Then, the surface (front side) of the film is roughened by a mechanical or non-mechanical method mentioned above to prevent total reflection in the film, thereby preventing or illuminating (4) financial mode/electric type. the goal of. The surface on which the film is to be smoothed when the film is placed on the light-emitting assembly 32 1292678 and usually connected to the second (back) of the light-emitting assembly is connected to the electrodes. The film of the light-emitting assembly of this embodiment of the present invention is made of vinyl acetate (P〇vinylacetat), and a surface of the thin film should be firstly ground in a grinding manner, and then smoothed. One side is set or pasted on the transparent electrode, that is, set or pasted on the top electrode. The emission rate of the light-emitting component produced in this manner can be increased by up to 3%. An embodiment of the present invention which is not shown in the drawings but which is very advantageous is a pre-structured film as an additional layer, and is used as a smooth surface of the film (4) The glue used here on the transparent top electrode of the light-emitting component must be a high-transparency and capable of sealing the organic layer well. Since the glue can provide a good protection against the organic layer, it is not necessary to additionally slap the protective layer for the organic light-emitting diode (Ο·). Depending on the embodiment, the structuring of the surface of the film can be recorded. The special structuring method of the film is to form a ridge strip with a height between Ι/m and iGG//m. τ In addition, a flatter structured approach, such as a pyramidal structure, can also be employed. In a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the output coupling layer is deposited as an organic layer of material onto the transparent electrode. Since the neighboring Philippine turn itself will be partially precipitated, @this can form the scattering center in the output coupling layer. In order to protect the organic layer, the illuminating component should be encapsulated in a very small piece of glass. In order to prevent the glass layer from igniting the light wheel of the light-emitting component, the glass package layer should be separated from the output layer 33 1292678 by a sufficient distance so that the glass package layer is only a plane parallel glass. sheet.

34 1292678 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will be further described in conjunction with the drawings and several embodiments. Each Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the basic structure and function of a conventional top-emitting organic diode. ‘, 里=Use the original image of the illuminating group to develop the basic structure of the basics = 造 ( 四 四 四 四 四 ί ί ί 原理 原理 原理 原理 原理 顶部 顶部 顶部 顶部 顶部 顶部 顶部 顶部 顶部 顶部 顶部 顶部 顶部 顶部The structure: Θ (4) is applied to an organic light-emitting diode junction 2. The fabrication method of Figure 4 is applied to another organic light-emitting diode component symbol 100 organic light-emitting diodes 110 substrate 120 One electrode 130 organic layer/layer structure 140 The second electrode 150 outputs the filial layer 35 1292678 151 scattering particles 152 grooves, grooves 153 depressions 160 insulating material 170 stamp 171 cutter 172, 173 cutting surface. Stamping surface • 180 spacer block 190 spacer EMI, EM2 external mode OM1 organic mode S pressing force FI, F2 direction of force in the additional layer

36

Claims (1)

1292678 X. Patent application scope: A top-emitting electroluminescent component, especially a seed device, has a substrate, a second electrode that is closer to the substrate than the substrate. And at least one in the first organic layer, the light emitted by the illuminating component is penetrated through the second = out, at the second electrode (10) away from at least one organic layer = the additional layer (10), which is attached to the force Heterogeneous ((5), 152, 153), and this additional two:: The optical component produces a wavelength of light _ transmittance is greater than the inherent heterogeneity of the heterogeneous system formed by the light scattering effect in the additional layer. ^ The illuminating component of claim 1 is characterized in that: attaching to the second electrode (10) and connecting with the second electrode (10)). It is characterized in that: the additional reed, the first electrode is separated by a certain interval, and the interval is smaller than a melon. " 4. For the illuminating component of the patent scope □ 2, or 3, it is characterized in that the heterogeneous size is between 0.05#m and lOOvm. 5. The illuminating assembly of claim 1 or 2, wherein the heterogeneous material is disposed in the additional layer and on the surface of the additional layer. 6. The illuminating component of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the second electrode (140) is less than 200 nm, especially less than 8 〇 nm, and the refractive index of the additional layer is greater than between the electrodes and the most The refractive index of the organic layer near the additional layer. End 37 1292678 7·If the refractive index of the second electrode is larger than the refractive index of the second electrode, the special enemy is added. 8. If you apply for the special hometown, the second light, . : refractive index (4) Between 2.3 and especially =6= 9. If the illuminating of the application for the patented 丨 丨 , , , = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Type doping, and the thickness is between 1 〇Π i2 _, especially between lo〇nm and 1〇〇〇. The illuminating component of the patent scope of the present invention is characterized in that the organic layer disposed between and closest to the additional layer is an electron transfer layer, and the work-eight transfer layer is formed between _guan and the main treasury. Especially between the nm and the surface nm=丨. U. The illuminating component of claim i, characterized in that the thickness of the additional residence is between 5 〇 nm and 丨__, in particular between G 5 _ ^ 100/zm. The illuminating assembly of claim i is characterized in that the additional layer provides protection for the structural layer disposed between the electrodes from & mechanical loads, electromagnetic radiation, particle radiation (eg alpha / 10,000 particle radiation), moisture, air, and / or chemicals. 13. If you apply for a patent scope 帛! The illuminating component of the item, the special county: the 层= method, the crystal growth method, the segregation deposition method, or the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD. plasma enhanced chemical vapor desposition) On the electrode. 38 1292678 14. If you apply for a patent scope! The light-emitting component of the item is characterized in that it is disposed on the second electrode by a wet chemical method, a lamination method, a subtractive method. 15. The illuminating assembly of claim 1, wherein the additional layer comprises a plurality of sub-layers separated from each other and having a different refractive index. K is a light-emitting component of the patent application, which is characterized by: vapor phase evaporation, sputtering, or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD · · plasma enh followed by d chemical, 〇 γ Desp〇siti〇n) (d) Layer = on the second electrode 'and the process parameters for the formation of polycrystalline microstructures and dislocations. The light-emitting component of claim 1 is characterized in that the additional layer is an organic layer which is self-crystallized or self-crystallized. 18. A method of fabricating an organic light-emitting diode device for a top-emitting electroluminescent device, the method comprising: Ϊ-3: a first electrode of the base 2, and a second electrode further away from the substrate Electrodes, and / 2 are located in the luminescent organic layer between the two electrodes, and the light is passed through 'in the second _4 () is difficult - an organic characteristic is: with light scattering for (10) heterogeneous system formed in the range The method of item 18, characterized in that the additional layer is disposed on the second electrode (140) by wetting. The method of item 18, which is characterized by a growth method, a sedimentation deposition method, or a reinforced chemical vapor deposition 39 25. A method as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the additional layer is formed by sputtering or electropolymerization enhanced chemical gas (PECVD) using bubbles formed inside. 26 1292678 (PECVD: plasma enhanced chemical vapor desposition) The additional layer is placed on the second electrode. 21· The method of claim π, characterized in that the gas is vapor-deposited, sputtered, or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) The alpha layer is disposed on the second electrode and process parameters that facilitate the formation of polycrystalline microstructures and dislocations should be selected. 22. The method of claim 21, characterized in that: in the production of the additional layer, 'vapor deposition, sputtering, or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) will have different gate current constants. Different materials are evaporated to achieve the purpose of enhancing the polycrystalline growth and/or dislocation boundaries in the additional layer. 23. The method of claim 5, characterized in that at least one self-crystallized and/or partially crystallized organic layer is steamed to form an additional method of the method of claim 18, characterized in that Therefore, a transfer layer having a thickness between 1 〇〇 nm and 100 Å between the at least one organic light-emitting layer and the second electrode is disposed between the at least one organic light-emitting layer and the second electrode. A method for fabricating a top-emitting electroluminescent device, in particular, a method for fabricating an organic light-emitting diode package (4), wherein the first electrode of the substrate is adjacent to the first electrode of the substrate and the second electrode is further away from the substrate. The electrode, with = at least one - located in the two-electrode-emitting organic layer, and the domain line is emitted through the second electrode of Ϊ 292678, at the second electrode (10)) away from at least one layer (no) - an additional layer (10) containing a heterogeneous (152 ' 153) that scatters light, characterized by: pressing a micro-social seal _ on the additional layer (150) from the second electrode _ Farther on the surface 'in order to form a light heterogeneity (152, 153) on the additional layer. (27) If applying for the full-time circumference of the 26th method, it is characterized by: 'seal pair during the pressing process The force applied by the additional layer is mainly distributed along the additional layer (10). An additional layer (10) of heterogeneous (10) 'H3) is characterized by: structuring the surface of the additional layer (150) further from the second electrode (140) by lithography to facilitate this in the additional layer (150) A heterochromatic (152, 153) light scattering effect is formed on the surface. 28. A method of fabricating a top-emitting electroluminescent device, and more particularly a method for fabricating an organic light-emitting diode device, the method of providing a first electrode adjacent to the substrate and a spacer from the substrate a far second electrode, and at least one luminescent organic layer between the two electrodes, and the light is emitted through the second electrode, and the second electrode (140) is separated from the at least one organic layer (130) On the far side, a method for scattering light is provided. 29. The method of claim 28, characterized in that the surface-structured additional layer is formed into a film shape and then laminated or pasted. The method is set on the light emitting component.