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TWI220817B - Antenna matching device and method thereof - Google Patents

Antenna matching device and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI220817B
TWI220817B TW092123089A TW92123089A TWI220817B TW I220817 B TWI220817 B TW I220817B TW 092123089 A TW092123089 A TW 092123089A TW 92123089 A TW92123089 A TW 92123089A TW I220817 B TWI220817 B TW I220817B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
signal
matching
matching circuit
antenna
circulator
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TW092123089A
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English (en)
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TW200509561A (en
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Jia-Jen He
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Benq Corp
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Priority to US10/925,000 priority patent/US20050042989A1/en
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Publication of TW200509561A publication Critical patent/TW200509561A/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02Transmitters
    • H04B1/04Circuits
    • H04B1/0458Arrangements for matching and coupling between power amplifier and antenna or between amplifying stages

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)

Description

1220817 五、發明說明(1) 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種天線匹配裝置及方法,特別是指 利用一循環器和一雙工器達成匹配最佳化的天線匹配裝置 及方法。 【先前技術】 請參閱圖一所示,在傳統的傳輸系統如CDMA(Code
Division Multiple Access)或FDMA(Frequency Division
Multiple Access)調變系統 線1 1、一匹配電路1 2、一雙 模組1 6和一傳輸模組1 5。雙 號,隔絕器1 4具有單一方向 絕器1 4、雙工器1 3與匹配電 14具有單一方向性,可避免 組傳輸的功率經天線11所反 路1 2則可用來匹配天線負載 此收發機1 0通常利用實 天線11負載阻抗,並且決定 天候環境的不同,天線U的 當天線11的負載改變時,反 電路12就不再是最佳化之匹 低,在此狀態下會損耗收發 率和影響接收端所接收之訊 放大器的輸出功率來維持發 中,一收發機1 0包括有:一天 工器1 3、一隔絕器i 4、一接收 工器1 3可分頻傳送和接收訊 性,傳輸模組傳輸的功率經隔 路1 2傳輸至天線1 1,因隔絕器 傳輸模組1 5中的元件被傳輸模 射的反射功率所損壞,匹配電 阻抗’使反射功率降至最小。 際場測或假設理想情況下設定 =配電路1 2的阻抗。然而隨著 實際負載也會隨著環境變化, 射功率隨之變化,原本的匹配 配’其天線增益也會隨之降 機10中的功率放大器之輸出功 號的強度’於是必須藉由調整 射功率的穩定,但是如此便會
1220817 五、發明說明(2) 增加電流消 【發明内容 有鑑於 之天線匹配 佳化。此天 元、一循環 一接收模組 其中, 抗,且具有 號。循環器 配電路,匹 過第一端傳 分頻單 與該接收訊 至控制單元 依據反射訊 本發明 利用前述之 a•利用循環 輸至匹配電 配電路,並 值和參考值 界值。 耗且減低收發機的工作效益。 此,本發 裝置,使 線匹配裝 器和一控 ,其中傳 匹配電路 第一端與 則耦接至 配電路相 送該反射 元,可為 號,並依 與接收模 號估算調 之另一目 天線匹配 器獲取一 路所產生 且設定一 之差值以 ,,主要目的係提供一種用於收發機 传该收發機的天線匹配負載阻抗為最 置包含有:一匹配電路、一分頻單 制單元。收發機則具有一傳輸模組與 ^模組可發送一發射訊號。 可藉一調整信號調整其天線匹配阻 ,二端’第二端係用於接收一接收訊 第一端’並接收該發射訊號後導入匹 對於發射訊號產生一反射訊號,並透 訊號與該接收信號至循環器。 一雙工器,從循環器接收該反射訊號 反射訊號與接收訊號之頻率分別輸出 組。控制單元,則耦接至匹配電路, 整信號。 的則是提供一種天線匹配方法,其係 裝置來實施。此方法包括下列步驟: 反射值,其中反射值係為發射訊號傳 ;b•控制單元提供一調整信號至匹 參考值和一臨界值;以及c.依據反射 改變調整信號,使得此差值達到該臨
1220817 五、發明說明(3) 利用上述之天線匹配裝置和天線匹配方法,可使收發 =天線端#有最佳匹配狀態、’使得傳輸和接收的訊號強 度都能達到最大值。 一為使貴審查委員對本發明能有更進一步的了解與認 同’茲配合圖示作一詳細說明如后。 【實施方式】 請參閱圖二A所示,其為本發明之用於一收發機之天 線匹配裝置第-較佳實施例。此收發機具有一傳輸模組” 與一接收模組28,天線匹配裝置2〇則包括有:一匹配電路 21、一雙工器22、一循環器23、一控制單元24和一耦合器 2 5 ° 匹配電路21具第一端與第二端,第二端耦接至一天線 2 6匹配電路2 1可藉一調整信號調整其天線匹配阻抗,使 天線26反射訊號達到最小值,以達到匹配最佳化,並且回 應傳輸模組27之一發射訊號產生一反射訊號,在此較佳實 施=中,該調整信號其係為一電壓值,該電壓值在一最大 電壓值Vmax和一最小電壓值Vmin之間。 循壤器2 3係為三端的循環器,第一端耦接至耦合器2 5 且接收發射訊號,第二端耦接至匹配電路2 1的第二端且將 發射訊號導入匹配電路21,第三端耦接至雙工器22並將反 射訊號及一接收訊號導入雙工器2 2,然而循環器2 3具有單 二方向之特性,使得第一端接收訊號由第二端輸出,第二 端接收訊號由第三端輸出,第三端接收訊號由第一端輸
1220817
出,循環器2 3盔法诘&从紅 # · Μ έΒ 9 7 ^ 逆向作動,糟此防止該反射訊號傳入傳 輸模組27而導致損壞。 $ 呀 号卢盥^你Z If接收該反射訊號與該接收訊號,並依反射訊 2g 7 5 ^之頻率分別輸出至控制單元24與接收模組 制早tl24具有第一檢測器241和第二檢測器,並 ^匹配電路21與雙卫器2 2,其依據該反射訊號估算調 指號,用以控制匹配電路2 i *傳輸模組25發射該發射訊號時(該發射訊號具有第 一功率),耦合器25會從其中取樣一第二功率送至控制單 兀24中的第二檢測器242。循環器23會將該第一功率傳送 至匹配電路21,再經由天線26發射以及產生前述之反射訊 ^ (具有一反射功率)。該反射功率會輸入循環器2 3的第二 知,再傳送至循環器2 3之第三端所耦接的雙工器2 2中,藉 由雙工器2 2之分頻特性,使反射功率傳送至控制單元2 4中 的第一檢測器241,其中該第二功率係為某適當比例之第 一功率,所以由第二功率和第一功率的大小可得知反射功 率和發射功率相差的大小,並且以第二功率做為一第一參 考值與苐一檢測器2 4 1所偵測到的反射功率反覆進行比 較’得到一調整信號調整匹配電路2 1,使得天線反射功率 達到最小值,以達到匹配最佳化。 §匹配網路精由偵測反射功率機制量得功率反射匹配 最佳化時’此時天線的增益為最大,則無線接收訊號的品 質也同樣會最佳,當接收模組28接收一訊號時,由天線接
1220817
五、發明說明(5) 收後送入循環器23之第二端,再由循環器23之第三端輪出 至雙工器22中,雙工器22可將干擾濾除並且將該訊號送入 該接收模組。 請參閱圖二B所示,其係本發明之天線匹配裝置的第 二較佳實施例。與第一佳實施例之不同點在於第二較佳實 施例中省略輕合^§ 2 5 ’可直接將傳輸模組2 7所發射之第二 功率藉由循環器2 3送至匹配電路2 1中,再經由天線2 6發射 並且產生一反射功率,循環器2 3將該反射功率傳送至控制 單元24中的第一檢測器241,並且第二檢測器242中預設一 第二參考值,可與該反射功率作一計算,以得到一調整信 號調整匹配電路2 1,使得該反射功率達到最小值,以達到 匹配最佳化。 ^請參閱圖三所示,其係本發明之天線匹配裝置的第三 較佳實施例。其中收發機具有一傳輸模組27與一接收模組 =,該天線匹配裝置3〇係包括有:一匹配電路2丨、一分 早元3、-循環器23、耦合器25和一控制單元24。該作動 原理如同上述之第一較佳實施例在此不加以贅述, 則在於分頻單元3由一*、s诸、士口口 0 , j ^ 士人 組成,分頻單元3可、虐1和一苐一耦合器32所 ..^ , ^ T /慮除干擾和區分反射訊號與接收訊 就,並且藉由第一紅人 以;《 L ::=耦合器32將接收訊號送入接收模組28, 請參閱圖四所示第:”益241中。 程圖,該方法可實於二其係為本發明之天線匹配方法之流 送和接收訊號時,、圖架構中。當收發機開始傳 g由循環器2 3操取一反射功率,比較該
第9頁 1220817 五、發明說明(6) '~' -- 反射功率和傳輸模組27所發射之功率,利用兩者差值估算 所需之調整信號以調整匹配電路2 1,以達到匹配最佳化該 方法包括下列步驟: 步驟50 :設定一匹配臨界值〇pt、一臨界電壓值以“七 和匹配電路之調整信號範圍(Vmax〜Vm i η ),該匹配陟界值 〇Pt和臨界電壓值vtest為匹配電路可達成最/佳匹匹配配^界值 步驟51 :利用循環器23可獲取一反射功率; 步,2 :設定一參考值,該參考值係為傳輸模組 發射之功率; :驟53 :言十算反射功率和參考值之差值,是否為匹配 :界值〇Pt,若為、、否,,則改變該調整信號,直到該 達到匹配臨界值Opt ;
步=54 : 4出該調整信號以調整匹配 線匹配達到最佳化。 1 f X 如圖六所示,為本發明之天線匹配方法另一 ^流Ϊ圖’該方法可實施於圖二A之架構中。下列之步 :ΚΓΐ10:,Λ'為該天線匹配裝置尋找最佳匹配時 方法,利用索引(INDE)ouo暫存器, 值,檢查此差值是否達到=第二檢測器β之差 差值達到臨界匹配值Opt的匹電 0pt敫以求付使該 調整電壓調整匹配電路21即可配達電到 =之/整毋電壓,用此 效。 丨」這到匹配電路最佳化之功 步驛91 :設定匹配臨界值Opt、—臨界電壓值vtest#0
第10頁 1220817 五、發明說明(7) 匹配電路之調整信號範圍(Vmax,Vmin)、一索引(index) i = 1 和一匹配網路之調整電壓V[ i ]=Vtest ; 步驟92 :當V[i]= = Vtest 時,設定,A[i]=D2-Dl,其 中D1為第一檢測器之功率值,D 2為第二檢測器之功率值; 步驟93 ··設定V[i + l] = (Vmax + Vmin)/2,Vmax 其係為 匹配網路之調整電壓之最大電壓值,vmin其係為匹配網路 之調整電壓之最小電壓值; 步驟94 :當V[i + 1]= (Vmax + Vmin)/2 時,設定A[i + 1] =D2-D1 ; 步驟95 :設定第二暫存器B = A[i + 1],第一暫存器a = a [i]; 步驟96 :比較第二暫存器b是否大於第一暫存器a ,若 、是"執行步驟97,若、、否"則執行步驟98 ; 步驟97 :設定A[i + 1]=B,V[i + 2] = ( V[i + 1] +Vmin)/2 , A[i+2]=D2-Dl i = i + 1 ; 步驟98 :設定A[i + l]=A[i],V[i + 2] = ( V[i + 1] +Vmax)/2 , A[i+2]=D2-Dl i = i +1 ; 步驟99 :比較A[i + 2]是否大於匹配臨界值Qpt,若 a是夕執行步驟1 0 0,若、、否"則重新執行步驟9 5至步驟 9 9 ;以及 步驟100 :送出調整電壓V[i+ 2],以達到匹配最佳 化0
第11頁 1220817 五、發明說明(8) 請參閱圖五所示,其為本發明之天線匹配方法之設定 一匹配臨界值Opt之流程圖,其利用一可調式負載限定輸 入的負載阻抗範圍以及調整信號之電壓範圍(最大電壓值 Vmax和最小電壓Vmin),並且設定匹配臨界值〇pt和臨界電 壓值Vtest。該方法包括下列步驟: 步驟60 :在天線26 —端接上一可調式負載; 步驟6 1 ·限疋輸入的負載阻抗範圍以及調整信號範 圍; 步驟62 :量測發射功率和反射功率的差值; ^驟63 :找出兩者間最大功率差值,設定此最大功率 差值為匹配g品界值〇 P t, 係為臨界電諸二。此…電路21之的調整信號其 和雙匹配裝置結合循環器23單-方向性 ㈣送將發射功率經由該循環器23從天 信號調整匹配電路21:,查配所造成的反射功率’藉由調整 態,在最來;Γ配天線負載阻抗為最佳化狀 或傳送都能得到;好的效:增盈達到最大’所以不論接收 來限定t =述者’僅為本發明較佳實施例而已,* η 内。 ,、修飾皆因屬於本發明專利涵蓋之範圍 第12頁 1220817 圖式簡單說明 【圖式簡單說明】 圖一係為習知收發機之方塊圖。 圖二A係顯示本發明之用於一收發機之天線匹配裝置 第一較佳實施例。 圖二B係顯示本發明之用於一收發機之天線匹配裝置 第二較佳實施例。 圖三係顯示本發明之用於一收發機之天線匹配裝置第 三較佳實施例。 圖四係為本發明之天線匹配方法之流程圖。 圖五係為本發明之天線匹配方法之設定一匹配臨界值 Opt之流程圖。 圖六係為本發明之天線匹配方法之另一較佳實施例之 流程圖。 圖式之圖號說明: 1 0 -收發機 11、2 6 -天線 13- 雙工器 14- 隔絕器 15- 傳輸模組 1 6 -接收模組 2 0、3 0 -天線匹配裝置 1 2、2 1 -匹配電路 22-雙工器
第13頁 1220817 圖式簡單說明 2 3 -循環器 24-控制單元 2 5 -搞合器 27-傳輸模組 2 8 -接收模組 3-分頻單元 3 1 -帶通濾波器 3 2 -第一麵合器
第14頁

Claims (1)

1220817 六、申請專利範圍 - 1·二種用☆-收發機之天線匹配裝x,該收發冑具有一傳 輸模組與一接收模、组,該#輸模組發送一發射訊號至該 匹配裝置,該匹配裝置包含: 匹配電路可藉一調整信號調整其天線匹配阻抗,該 匹配電路具一第-端與一第二端,該第二端用於接收 一接收訊號;
一循環器,耦接至該第一端,並接收該發射訊號後導入 該匹配電路,該匹配電路相對於該發射訊號回應一反 射訊號,該匹配電路透過該第一端傳送該反射訊號與 該接收信號至該循環器; 一控制單元,耦接至該匹配電路,板據該反射訊號估算 該調整信號; 一分頻單元,耦接於該循環器,接收該反射訊號與該接 收吼號,並依該反射訊號與該接收訊號之頻率分別輸 出至該控制單元與該接收模組。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線匹配裝置,其中該分 頻單元係為一雙工器(duplexer)。 3·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線匹配裝置,其中該分 頻單元包含一帶通濾波器和一耦合器。
4 ·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之天線匹配裝置,更包含一 第一耦合器,耦接至該循環器與該控制單元,將該發射 訊號送入循環器與該控制單元,該控制單元係依據該反 射訊號和該發射訊號,來調整該匹配電路。 5·如申請專利範圍第4項所述之天線匹配裝置,其中該發
第15頁 1220817 六、申請專利範圍 射訊號具一第一功率,該反射訊號具一反射功率,該控 制單元依據該第一功率和該反射功率之差值,以提供該 電壓來調整該匹配電路,直到該差值接近一預設之臨界 值0 6 · —種天線匹配方法,係用於一收發機中,該收發機包括 有-匹配電路、一循環器和一控制單元,該方法包括下 列步驟: a. b· 利用該循環器獲取一反射 發機所發射之功率傳輸至 該控制单元提供一電壓給 值和一臨界值; 值’其中該反射值係為該收 匹配電路所產生; 該匹配電路並且設定一參考 變該電壓,使得該 c·依據該反射值和參考值之差值來改 差值達到該臨界值。 7·如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方 收發機所發射之功率。 >、中該參考值係為 8·如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方 最佳化之標準值。 其中該臨界值係為
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