TW201817129A - A brushless electrical machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A brushless generator includes a stator having a stator housing for containing two first coils, two second coils, and two third coils. A rotor has a rotor core that is mounted for relative rotation with respect to stator and which has a continuous circumferential periphery that, in use, is adjacent to an inner surface of housing. Four rare-earth permanent magnets are mounted to core adjacent to periphery with respective south poles being most closely adjacent to surface. An input shaft extends along an axis for allowing rotation of rotor about that axis relative to stator, such that the consequent movement of at least one of the permanent magnets, produces a voltage across at least one of first coils. A switching device, in the form of a control circuit, receives the voltage produced across the at least one of first coils and selectively applies that voltage to an electrical outlet.

Description

Brushless power tool

The invention relates to a motor, in particular to a brushless motor and a method of using same.

Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, a generator is developed. In this document, reference will be made to the corresponding application to describe the foregoing embodiments. However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to such fields of use. The invention can also be used in a wider range of environments, such as electric motors and other motors.

Any discussion of the background art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission

Generators are almost ubiquitous. They are machines that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The development of generators has been going on for more than a century.

The rotor is a disc or cylinder made up of ceramic or AlNiCo permanent magnets or coils made of copper wire wound around a laminated core. The stator consists of coil windings or magnets or consists of coil windings and magnets. As the rotor rotates, the magnets cause current to flow in the windings, which are then used to power various devices.

It is generally accepted that the main drawback of previous generators is the relatively low efficiency of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. For commercially available generators, the conversion efficiency is typically less than 50%. This inefficiency is caused by a variety of losses, including the hysteresis loss, which is commonly used to overcome the hysteresis loss. The conventional method is to use a laminated core for the winding; however, this makes the generator expensive and heavy; Loss, the conventional method used to overcome eddy current losses, is to remove as much of the conductive metal as possible in the aforementioned generators; and the magnetic or counter-electromagnetic force (back electromotive force) generated in the motor and generator.

Considering the widespread use of generators and other motors, significant cost-effective and environmental advantages can be obtained even with a slight improvement in the operational efficiency of the generator. Therefore, an improved motor is needed.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art or to provide a useful alternative.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a brushless generator is provided, comprising: a stator having a plurality of spaced apart first coils, corresponding plurality of spaced apart second coils, and corresponding plurality of spaced apart third coils Wherein each of the first coils is wound on the respective second coil, and each of the third coils is coupled to the corresponding second coil in the closed circuit; the rotor having: a rotor core mounted to be opposed to The aforementioned stator is relatively rotatable and has a periphery adjacent to the aforementioned stator in use, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets mounted to the aforementioned rotor core at or adjacent to the aforementioned periphery; an input shaft that allows the aforementioned rotor to be opposed to the foregoing Rotating the stator such that movement of at least one of the foregoing permanent magnets is capable of generating a voltage across at least one of the aforementioned first coils; and switching means for receiving a voltage across the at least one of the aforementioned first coils, and selectively The aforementioned voltage is applied to a power outlet.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned power outlet includes electrical terminals for selectively electrically connecting to an electrical load.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned power outlet includes an energy storage device disposed between the aforementioned switching device and the aforementioned electrical terminal.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned energy storage device is a capacitor.

In one embodiment, the power socket includes an inverter disposed between the energy storage device and the electrical terminal, and the inverter is configured to generate an AC voltage at the electrical terminal.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned permanent magnet system rare earth magnet.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned generator includes an even number of permanent magnets.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned permanent magnets are mounted in pairs on the rotor core in a diametrically opposed manner.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned coil has a soft iron core.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned coil is formed substantially of copper windings.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned generator includes an even number of first coils, a second coil, and a third coil.

In one embodiment, the first coil, the second coil, and the third coil are each an integer multiple of four.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned generator includes two first coils, two second coils, and two third coils.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned rotor core is formed substantially of amorphous metal.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned rotor core is formed substantially of at least one amorphous metal.

In one embodiment, the movement of the at least one permanent magnet is capable of directly generating a voltage across the at least one of the aforementioned first coils.

In one embodiment, the movement of at least one of the foregoing permanent magnets can indirectly generate a voltage across at least one of the aforementioned first coils.

In one embodiment, the movement of at least one of the foregoing permanent magnets is capable of directly generating a voltage across the at least one of the aforementioned third coils, which in turn produces a voltage across at least one of the aforementioned first coils.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned switching device applies the aforementioned voltage to the aforementioned power outlet such that the combined current reduces the back electromotive force experienced by the aforementioned generator.

In one embodiment, the generator includes a sensor, the sensor provides a first signal for indicating a rotational position of the rotor relative to the stator, wherein the switch device is responsive to the signal to selectively The aforementioned voltage is applied to the aforementioned power outlet.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a brushless motor comprising: a stator having a plurality of spaced apart first coils, corresponding plurality of spaced apart second coils, and corresponding plurality of spaced apart third coils, Wherein each of the first coils is wound on the respective second coils, and each of the third coils is coupled to the corresponding second coil in the closed circuit; the rotor having: a rotor core mounted relative to the foregoing The stator is relatively rotatable and has a perimeter adjacent the stator in use, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets mounted to the aforementioned rotor core at or adjacent the aforementioned perimeter; an input shaft that allows the rotor to be relative to the foregoing The stator rotates such that movement of at least one of the foregoing permanent magnets produces a voltage across at least one of the aforementioned first coils; and switching means for selectively energizing the first coil to rotate the rotor relative to the stator.

According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a brushless generator/motor comprising: a stator having a first set of coils and a second set of coils, wherein said first set of coils and said second set of coils alternate with each other Provided; a rotor having: a rotor core mounted for relative rotation with respect to the aforementioned stator, and having a periphery adjacent to the stator in use, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets mounted to or adjacent to the aforementioned periphery The rotor core is such that during the rotation of the rotor core, the permanent magnets can be alternately simultaneously opposed to each of the first group of coils and the second group of coils; and a switching device for the rotor core The first set of coils and the second set of coils are selectively energized with respect to the relative rotation of the stator, and power is selectively extracted from the first set of coils and the second set of coils.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a brushless motor includes: a stator having a plurality of spaced apart first coils, a corresponding plurality of spaced second coils, and a corresponding plurality of spaced apart third coils, Wherein each of the first coils is wound on the respective second coils, and each of the third coils is coupled to the corresponding second coil in the closed circuit; the rotor having: a rotor core mounted relative to the foregoing The stator is relatively rotatable and has a periphery adjacent to the aforementioned stator in use, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets mounted to the aforementioned rotor core at or adjacent to the aforementioned periphery; and a switching device for use in the following operations One or more of: energizing the first coil, taking power from the first coil, and electrically isolating the first coil.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of generating a voltage, the method comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of spaced apart first coils disposed about a stator together with a corresponding plurality of second coils; and Corresponding plurality of spaced apart third coils, wherein each first coil is wound on a respective second coil, and each third coil is coupled to a corresponding second coil in a closed circuit; a rotor is provided And a rotor core that is mounted to rotate relative to the stator and has a periphery adjacent to the stator in use, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets mounted to the rotor at or adjacent to the periphery The core; allowing the rotor to rotate relative to the stator such that movement of at least one of the foregoing permanent magnets is capable of generating a voltage across at least one of the aforementioned first coils; and providing a voltage for receiving the generated ends of the at least one of the aforementioned first coils And selectively applying the aforementioned voltage to the switching device of the power outlet.

According to a sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of generating mechanical rotation, the method comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of spaced apart first coils spaced apart from a corresponding plurality of second coils and corresponding complex intervals The open third coils are disposed together on the stator, wherein each of the first coils is double-wound on the corresponding second coil, and each of the third coils is connected to the corresponding second coil in the closed circuit; It has a rotor core mounted to rotate relative to the aforementioned stator and having a periphery adjacent to the aforementioned stator in use, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets mounted to the aforementioned rotor core at or adjacent to the aforementioned periphery Allowing the rotor to rotate relative to the stator such that movement of at least one of the foregoing permanent magnets is capable of generating a voltage across at least one of the aforementioned first coils; providing to selectively energize the first coil to cause the rotor to be opposite to a switching device for rotating the stator; and providing to support the rotor and transmitting the rotation of the rotor The output shaft of the mechanical load.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of operating a brushless generator/motor, the method comprising the steps of: providing a stator having a first set of coils and a second set of coils, wherein said first set of coils and The foregoing second set of coils are alternately disposed with each other; a rotor is provided having: a rotor core mounted for relative rotation with respect to the aforementioned stator, and having a periphery adjacent to the stator in use, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets, Mounted to the aforementioned rotor core at or adjacent to the aforementioned periphery such that the aforementioned permanent magnets can alternately simultaneously oppose each of the first set of coils and the second set of coils during rotation of the rotor core; and The rotor core is selectively energized for the first set of coils and the second set of coils during relative rotation of the rotor core relative to the stator, and selectively draws power from the first set of coils and the second set of coils.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, a method of operating a brushless motor is provided, the method comprising the steps of: providing a stator having a plurality of spaced apart first coils, corresponding plurality of spaced apart second coils, and corresponding a plurality of spaced apart third coils, wherein each first coil is wound on a respective second coil, and each third coil is coupled to a corresponding second coil in a closed circuit; a rotor is provided having a rotor core mounted to rotate relative to the aforementioned stator and having a periphery adjacent to the stator in use, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets mounted to the aforementioned rotor core at or adjacent to the aforementioned periphery; And performing one or more of the following operations: energizing the first coil, acquiring power from the first coil, and electrically isolating the first coil.

According to a ninth aspect of the invention, there is provided a brushless motor comprising: a rotor having: a rotor core having a periphery, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets mounted on the rotor core and provided with the aforementioned periphery Adjacent respective magnetic poles; and a stator having a plurality of first coils spaced apart in parallel and a plurality of second coils magnetically coupled to the respective first coils, wherein the stator accommodates the rotor Allowing movement of the aforementioned rotor between the aforementioned magnetic poles and the aforementioned first coil such that any of the following operations can cause another operation: relative rotation between the aforementioned stator and the aforementioned rotor; and two of the aforementioned second coils The voltage at the end.

In one embodiment, the plurality of permanent magnets exhibit the same polarity at the aforementioned periphery.

In one embodiment, the plurality of permanent magnets exhibit alternating magnetic polarities at the periphery.

In one embodiment, the plurality of permanent magnets described above includes an even number of magnets.

In one embodiment, the number of the aforementioned magnets is an integer multiple of four.

In one embodiment, the plurality of permanent magnets are equally angularly spaced about the perimeter.

In one embodiment, each of the first coils is wound on a respective core.

In one embodiment, each of the second coils is wound on a respective core, wherein the aforementioned second coil and the corresponding first coil share the aforementioned core.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned first coil includes a first winding having a first common diameter and the second coil includes a second winding having a second common diameter.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned first common diameter is between about 0.50 and 0.60 mm.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned first common diameter is about 0.55 mm.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned second common diameter is about 0.40 to 0.50 mm.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned second common diameter is about 0.46 mm.

In one embodiment, the first common diameter is greater than the second common diameter.

In one embodiment, the first common diameter is about 18% to 21% longer than the second common diameter.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned first coil is double-stranded.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned second coil is double-stranded.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned second coil is connected in parallel with the output.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned second coil is connected to the aforementioned output by a rectifying circuit.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned rectifier circuit is bidirectional.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned brushless motor includes a starter circuit.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned start-up circuit includes at least one coil disposed intermediate at least two of the aforementioned first coils.

According to a tenth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of operating a brushless motor, the method comprising the steps of: providing a rotor having: a rotor core having a periphery, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets mounted to the rotor a core and providing a corresponding magnetic pole adjacent to the periphery; and a stator having a plurality of spaced apart first coils and a plurality of spaced second coils magnetically coupled to the respective first coils, Wherein the stator accommodates the rotor such that the periphery rotates through the first coil, such that any of the following operations can cause another operation: relative rotation between the stator and the rotor; and the second coil The voltage at both ends.

According to an eleventh aspect of the invention, there is provided a brushless motor comprising: a plurality of substantially parallel plates; a shaft supported by one or a plurality of said plates, wherein said shaft extends substantially perpendicular to said plate; said rotor Mounted to the aforementioned shaft for rotation relative to the aforementioned plate, wherein the rotor includes a circumferential periphery, a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets are disposed at or adjacent to the periphery, the permanent magnets are capable of generating a corresponding magnetic field; and supported by one or more of the foregoing plates The plurality of coil elements, and passing through the aforementioned coil combination, are capable of selectively moving a magnetic field to transfer energy between the rotor and the aforementioned coil elements.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned motor includes n rotors and (n+1) plates.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned motor includes n rotors and (n-1) plates, where n>2.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned motor includes n rotors and 2n plates.

In one embodiment, in use, the aforementioned plate includes opposing faces having respective mounting features for receiving the aforementioned coil elements.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned mounting structure includes a channel.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned channels are machined on the aforementioned plates.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned passage extends radially.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned mounting structure releasably slidably receives the aforementioned coil combination to allow selective radial movement of the aforementioned coil combination.

In one embodiment, each element includes a mounting frame received by the aforementioned mounting structure, and at least one coil supported by the aforementioned frame and capable of being radially moved relative to the aforementioned mounting frame in use.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned plates are fixed to each other.

In one embodiment, each panel includes two opposing faces and a peripheral edge extending between the opposing faces.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned plate is at least partially fixed to each other by one or a plurality of members: at least one member extending between opposite faces of adjacent plates; and extending between edges of at least two of the aforementioned plates At least one component.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of operating a brushless motor, the method comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of substantially parallel plates; supporting the shaft by one or more of said plates, wherein said axis is substantially perpendicular to Extending the aforementioned plate; mounting the rotor to the aforementioned shaft for rotation relative to the aforementioned plate, wherein the rotor includes a circumferential periphery, a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets are disposed at or adjacent to the periphery, the permanent magnet capable of generating a corresponding magnetic field; One or a plurality of the aforementioned plates support the plurality of coil elements, and selectively move the aforementioned magnetic field in combination with the aforementioned coils to transfer energy between the rotor and the aforementioned coil elements.

The description of the "a", "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" or "an" or "an" The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment", "in a certain embodiment" or "in an embodiment" are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment, but may also refer to the same implementation. example. In addition, the particular features, structures, or characteristics described above may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

As used herein, the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", etc., used to describe ordinary things, are used only to refer to the same type of entity or similar object area, unless otherwise specified. Separate is not intended to illustrate that the aforementioned objects must be described in a given order, time/space order, importance, or other manner.

The term "exemplary" is used herein to refer to a feature and is merely used to provide an example. In other words, the "exemplary embodiment" is merely an example embodiment, and is not an embodiment of the exemplary features.

Referring to the first figure, a brushless motor 1 is provided. The motor 1 includes a substantially cylindrical stator 2 having a stator housing 3, wherein the housing 3 is for accommodating two diametrically opposed first coils 5 and 6 as shown in the second figure. Two diametrically opposed second coils 7 and 8 and two diametrically opposed third coils 9 and 10. The aforementioned coils 5 and 7 are wound together in a double strand; the aforementioned coils 6 and 8 are wound together in a double strand. The aforementioned coils 9 and 7 are connected in their closed loop; the aforementioned coils 10 and 8 are connected in their closed loop. The rotor 15 has a rotor core 16 of a substantially cylindrical shape. The aforementioned rotor core 16 is mounted to be rotatable relative to the aforementioned stator 2 and has a continuous circumferential periphery 20 that is adjacent and opposite the generally cylindrical continuous inner surface 21 of the housing 3 in use. Four rare earth permanent magnets 23, 24, 25 and 26 of equal radial spacing are mounted to the rotor core 16 adjacent to the circumferential periphery 20, the south pole of which is closest to the inner surface 21. The input shaft 31 extends along the axis 32 to allow the rotor 15 to rotate relative to the stator 2 about the axis 32 such that at least one of the permanent magnets 23, 24, 25 and 26 moves thereafter to produce the coils 5 and 6. The voltage across the ends of at least one coil. The switching device is in the form of a control circuit 35 for receiving the voltage across the generated coils 5 and 6 and selectively applying the aforementioned voltage to the power outlet 40.

The input shaft 31 is driven by an external source of various external sources to rotate the rotor 15 relative to the stator 3, thereby making the permanent magnets (23; 24; 25; 26) relative to the coils (5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10) Exercise. For example, in some embodiments, the external source is an internal combustion engine (such as a gasoline or diesel engine), a wind power system, a hydroelectric system, or other similar external source.

The power outlet 40 includes two electrical terminals 41 and 42 for selectively electrically connecting to the electrical load 43. In some embodiments, the power outlet 40 includes an energy storage device such as a battery and/or capacitor (not shown) and an inverter (not shown) disposed between the circuit 35 and the electrical terminals 41 and 43 for storage. The energy obtained from the voltages generated by the coils 5 and 6 is then converted into the AC voltage supplied to the electrical load 43. In other embodiments, the power outlet 40 includes a buck/boost converter to provide a direct current (DC) voltage to the electrical load 43.

The permanent magnets (23; 24; 25; 26) included herein are substantially identical rare earth magnets. The aforementioned magnets are generally cylindrical in shape, and each magnet has a uniform form. In other embodiments, a plurality of individual magnets are stacked together and secured together to form a permanent magnet (23; 24; 25; 26) monomer.

It should be noted that in the present embodiment, four permanent magnets having the same circumferential pitch are used to be mounted to the rotor core 16 in such a manner that they are diametrically opposed to each other. Preferably, in other embodiments, an even number of equally spaced permanent magnets are used. More preferably, the number of magnets used is an integer multiple of four. In a preferred embodiment, eight permanent magnets are used.

All of the coils (5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10) are formed of copper wires wound on a soft iron core (not shown). Because the coils 5 and 7 are double-stranded, they are wound around a common soft iron core. Similarly, the coils 6 and 8 are wound on another common soft iron core which is separated from the aforementioned soft iron core.

It should be noted that the number of the first coil, the second coil, and the third coil described above is an even number. In addition, the number of the first coil, the second coil, and the third coil is an integral multiple of four.

The rotor core 16 is substantially formed of an amorphous metal such as an amorphous polycrystalline ferrite. In other embodiments, the aforementioned rotor core is formed using a combination of different amorphous metals or amorphous metals. In particular, the rotor core 16 includes four amorphous metal members (45; 46; 47; 48) that are equiangularly distributed in the radial direction. The aforementioned amorphous metal member extends between a first end joined to the input shaft 31 and a second end joined to the corresponding permanent magnet (23; 24; 25; 26). The aforementioned amorphous metal member (45; 46; 47; 48) is a rigid member and is generally a cylindrical member. Moreover, in use, the aforementioned members are used to keep their corresponding permanent magnets (23; 24; 25; 26) in close proximity to the periphery 20.

The coils (5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10) are used to enable the movement of the permanent magnets (23; 24; 25; 26) to directly generate the voltage across the at least one first coil.

By the relative rotation between the rotor 15 and the stator 3, the resultant motion of the permanent magnets can generate voltages across the coils 5 and 6 as the permanent magnets move into the vicinity of the coils 5 and 6. In addition, when the permanent magnet moves to the vicinity of the coils 9 and 10, the movement of the permanent magnet can directly generate the voltage across the coils 9 and 10, which in turn generates voltages at both ends of the coils 5 and 7 (by the coils 7 and 8), respectively. . This interaction is further affected by the control circuit 35, and the control circuit 35 applies the voltage across the generated coils 5 and 6 to the power outlet 40 such that the resultant current in the coils 5 and 6 reduces the inverse of the motor 1. Electromotive force.

The motor 1 includes a sensor device (not shown). The aforementioned sensor device includes a plurality of sensors for providing respective sensor signals indicative of operational characteristics of the aforementioned generator. The aforementioned signals include a first signal indicative of the rotational position of the rotor 15 relative to the stator 3 and timing information; thus the control circuit 35 is capable of selectively applying a voltage to the power outlet 40 in response to the first signal to minimize back electromotive force.

It should be understood that the control circuit 35 is a solid state conversion circuit. The aforementioned solid state conversion circuit includes a plurality of different electronic components that are combined to provide the desired conversion. In this embodiment, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) devices are primarily used to provide the desired conversion due to the fast onset and low loss characteristics of the devices. However, in other embodiments, a bipolar device or a combination of bipolar devices and MOSFET devices is used to provide the desired conversion. It is to be understood that the control circuit 15 includes a processor; the processor is configured to receive a software code executable to control the MOSFET device to accurately convert the current supplied to the coils 5 and 6 in response to the received associated sensor signal And the currents taken from coils 5 and 6.

The operation of the motor 1 is as follows.

The soft iron metal of the soft iron core wound by the coil (5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10) actually exhibits a hysteresis loss of zero with little (or no) magnetic memory. Moreover, even if the aforementioned magnetic properties of the soft iron metal are almost the same as those of the iron or other alloy used for the soft iron core, the aforementioned soft iron metal cannot maintain any current. Therefore, during the normal operation of the motor 1, the aforementioned soft iron core is not heated.

The even configuration of the magnets in motor 1 provides a magnetic balance. With the aforementioned magnetic balance, the power relative to the rotating rotor 15 of the stator 3 required to maintain the aforementioned rotor 15 in close proximity to the nearest stator coil is minimized despite the influence of the magnet bias. It has been found that the main loss during the rotation of the stator 15 is caused by the friction of the bearings mounted on the input shaft 31.

The control circuit 35 "turns on"/"closes" the stator coils 5 and 6 at appropriate times to "cut"/"guide" the current flowing through all of the coils (5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 10). This is to minimize the back EMF that is gradually accumulated in the motor 1.

It has been found that the optimum speed of the rotor 16 is approximately 2300 RPM. However, other rotational speeds are also available. Speeds in the range of approximately 1500 RPM to 3000 RPM are suitable.

In another embodiment, the motor 1 having a rotor and a stator is provided as an electric motor. In the electric motor, an electrical energy source is used in place of the electrical load 43; and the control circuit 35 operates to selectively energize the coils 5 and 6 such that the input shaft 31 rotates to mechanically provide rotational energy to an external mechanical load (not shown). . That is, the control circuit 35 selectively switches the DC voltage across the coils 5 and 6, which produces a voltage across the coil (7; 8; 9; 10). When the voltage is switched to switch between "on" and "off", the current flowing in the coil changes greatly, so that a relatively rapid expansion or contraction of the magnetic field occurs. It should be understood that by carefully determining the time applied to the voltages and currents of coils 5 and 6, the coils are repelled by the magnets (and coils 9 and 10 also indirectly have the same effect on the other magnets) and generate power. The sensor device in this embodiment includes a position sensor for facilitating proper timing of energization and de-energization of coils 5 and 6 by control circuit 35. For example, such position sensors include Hall effect sensors, optical encoders, and special sensing coils.

When the coils 5 and 6 are energized, they generate a corresponding expanded magnetic field that repels the adjacent magnets, causing the rotor 15 to rotate relative to the stator 6 and causing the input shaft 31 to mechanically rotate.

It has been found that the "on" time of the energization pulses supplied to coils 5 and 6 is very short when the speed is relatively fast (e.g., 2300 RPM). Moreover, since the motor 1 maintains a given output of the motor with less energy per pulse, the efficiency of the motor 1 is optimized.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the magnetic output of coils 5 and 6 will depend on the size and type of core material, the number of turns of the wires in the coil, the diameter, length and material of the wires, and the time characteristics of the current applied to the coil.

In another embodiment, an electric motor/generator is provided. In this embodiment, the motor 1 having a rotor and a stator includes eight equally spaced rare earth permanent magnets. The aforementioned permanent magnets are arranged in the same two groups, and the permanent magnets in each group have the same angular displacement. Therefore, the permanent magnets in the other group are replaced with permanent magnets in one set with respect to the periphery 20. This causes the control circuit 35 to drive a set of permanent magnets as a generator and another set of permanent magnets as a motor; and, if necessary, the aforementioned driving actions are simultaneously performed. The aforementioned motor/generator has a preferred speed of 2300 RPM.

In one embodiment, when a permanent magnet is directly adjacent to the first coil of one of the groups, the control circuit 35 uses the short pulse current (current is 2 Amps when the DC is 16 V) to be the first coil in the aforementioned group. power ups. This causes other permanent magnets to be repelled and rotate the input shaft 31. When the other permanent magnet is directly adjacent to the aforementioned first coil, the aforementioned first coil is energized again, and so on. By using a double-strand configuration, it is possible to recover the energy that would be consumed by the counter electromotive force generated in the motor.

Another set of coils is used to extract electrical energy from the aforementioned motor/generator, which is stored in a battery and/or capacitor or other energy storage device.

When the motor function and the generator function are operated simultaneously, it is necessary to recover the energy lost during the operation of the motor function only.

As contemplated by the inventors, the benefits of Schumann Resonance are obtained when the aforementioned motor/generator is operated at a given speed, structure, and material.

In one embodiment, a brushless motor is provided, comprising: a stator having a plurality of spaced apart first coils, corresponding plurality of spaced apart second coils, and corresponding plurality of spaced apart third coils, wherein each Two first coils are wound on the respective second coils, and each third coil is connected to the corresponding second coil in the closed circuit; the rotor has: a rotor core mounted to rotate relative to the aforementioned stator And having a periphery adjacent to the aforementioned stator in use, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets mounted to the aforementioned rotor core at or adjacent to the aforementioned periphery; and a switching device for one of the following operations or Plural: energizing the first coil, extracting electrical energy from the first coil, and electrically isolating the first coil.

The third figure shows details of a generator 51 provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. In the third figure, corresponding features are indicated by corresponding reference numerals. The generator 51 is a brushless motor; the motor includes a rotor; the rotor has a rotor core; and the rotor core has a periphery (not explicitly shown) for supporting the periphery to provide eight equiangular intervals of north pole magnetic poles. Permanent magnet 52. The stator 2 has a plurality of spaced apart first coils 53 that are simply connected in parallel with one another. In other words, there are no active or passive components between the coils, only conductors. The plurality of spaced apart second coils 54 are magnetically coupled to the respective first coils 53. The stator 2 receives the rotor, moving the rotor between the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 52 and the coil 53, such that any of the following operations can cause another operation: relative rotation between the aforementioned stator and the aforementioned rotor; The voltage across the two coils.

As shown, the permanent magnets 52 exhibit the same polarity at the periphery to facilitate consistent configuration and winding of the coils 53 and 54. In other embodiments, the permanent magnets 52 exhibit alternating magnetic polarity at the periphery; and, correspondingly, the coils 53 and 54 are wound or energized for the coils 53 and 54. The embodiment shown in the third figure is used to simplify wiring. In other embodiments, for example, where each coil 53 and/or 54 is individually switched, the permanent magnets 52 at the periphery of the aforementioned rotor can provide any predetermined magnetic polarity combination or sequence.

In this embodiment, the plurality of permanent magnets are an even number of permanent magnets, and the number of the aforementioned permanent magnets is an integral multiple of four. In addition, the permanent magnets 52 are equally angularly spaced around the aforementioned perimeter.

The respective coils 53 are wound together with the corresponding coils 54 on respective iron cores (not shown). The coil 53 includes a first copper winding, the first common diameter of the first copper winding is 0.55 mm; the coil 54 includes a second copper winding, and the second common diameter of the second copper winding is 0.46 mm. Preferably, the grades of copper used in the windings are the same, and the conductive connections between the coils 53 also employ a first common diameter.

In other embodiments, the aforementioned first common diameter is not 0.55 mm. It has been found that the preferred first common diameter is from about 0.50 to 0.60 mm. However, for small motors, smaller diameter windings are used.

In other embodiments, the aforementioned second common diameter is not 0.46 mm. It has been found that the preferred second common diameter is from about 0.40 to about 0.50 mm. However, for small motors, smaller diameter windings are used.

The inventors have found that the motor of the embodiment has the advantage that the first common diameter is greater than the aforementioned second common diameter; and, more preferably, the first common diameter is about 18% longer than the second common diameter. twenty one%.

In the embodiment shown in the third figure, the coils 53 and 54 are both double-stranded.

The coil 54 is connected in parallel to the output 55 via a rectifying circuit. The aforementioned rectifier circuit includes a sub-circuit 56 for each coil 54. It should be noted that subcircuit 56 is bidirectional to allow generator 51 to be operated like an electric motor. A smoothing capacitor is coupled to the output terminal defining the output 55 such that the rectified voltage provided by the coil 54 intensively can be stabilized as the rotor and stator rotate relative to each other.

The generator 51 includes a starting circuit 57 for effecting a rotational movement between the stator and the rotor. If the external source of rotation for the generator 51 does not provide sufficient torque to overcome any static friction and magnetic forces within the generator 51, the aforementioned starting circuit is used to initiate rotation between the aforementioned stator and the aforementioned rotor. In the present embodiment, the starting circuit 57 includes a single starting coil 58 disposed between the two coils 53; the aforementioned single starting coil 58 is disposed between the two coils 53; by switching (by operating the switch 59) with, for example, the battery 60 The starting coil 58 of the energy source in series is selectively energized by the starting circuit 57 to effect the desired rotation between the stator and the rotor. In another embodiment, different startup circuits are used. For example, in such embodiments, when coil 54 (and coil 53) is individually switched, energization of the aforementioned coils can be selectively implemented to perform the operation of startup circuit 57.

In another embodiment, a plurality of similar generators 51 are coupled together along a common axis. That is, the aforementioned generator and the aforementioned stator are axially spaced apart, and the aforementioned stators are fixed relative to each other. Also, the rotor rotates in unison within the respective stators. In some embodiments, the stator is constructed from a single stator member; moreover, separate winding circuits are mounted to the aforementioned stator members in axially spaced apart form. In other embodiments, the stator includes a plurality of parallel aluminum sheets; the aluminum sheet has substantially centrally aligned apertures; the shaft extends through the apertures; and, in use, the rotor is mounted between the apertures.

The fourth figure shows another embodiment of the present invention. In the fourth figure, corresponding features are indicated by corresponding reference numerals. In this embodiment, the generator 61 includes a controller; the controller is a controller 62, or a microprocessor-based controller 62; the controller is programmed to execute the switch 59 and another switch 63. Operation to further refine the operation of the aforementioned generator. In the present embodiment, switch units 59 and 63 are used as high voltage solid state switches by a switch unit of the type HTS71-02-C manufactured and sold by BEHLKE Corporation (trademark "BEHLKE"). In other embodiments, different switches are used.

In other embodiments, the output 55 acts as an inlet and is connected to a power source such as a rectified mains power network (or another DC power source such as a battery or battery pack); and the controller 62 operates the switch 63 to selectively The coil 54 is energized to effect rotation between the stator and the rotor. It should be understood that the voltage applied to the output in this mode of operation will have a polarity opposite that shown in the figures.

Now see the fifth and sixth figures. In the fifth and sixth figures, corresponding features are indicated by corresponding reference numerals. Specifically, yet another embodiment of the present invention is shown in the form of an engine 71. The generator 71 includes the stator and wiring shown in the third figure. The starter circuit 57 is omitted for clarity.

The generator 71 includes a stator 71a and a rotor 71b mounted on the shaft 71c; the aforementioned shaft 71c allows relative rotation between the aforementioned stator and the aforementioned rotor. The stator 71a has an aluminum leg 72; two parallel spaced apart substantially square aluminum support plates 73 and 74 extend upwardly from the aforementioned aluminum leg 72. The aforementioned support plate is formed of 8 mm thick processed aluminum; the aforementioned support plate is fixed to the aluminum leg 72 by bolts or the like. The support plates 73 and 74 are also spaced apart by eight circumferentially equiangularly spaced, and axially extending aluminum spacers 75 to maintain a fixed parallel configuration. In this embodiment, the spacer is composed of a round aluminum rod having a diameter of 30 mm and an axial length of about 130 mm. The opposing faces of the support plates 73 and 74 include machined radial passages 76 in which the opposing passages slidably receive the respective coil elements 77.

Each coil element includes respective coils 53 and 54 that are wound together on a common bobbin (not shown in the fifth and sixth figures). The wirings of the coils 53 and 54 are as shown in the third figure. Once the coil elements 77 are received in the respective channel pairs, they are aligned such that their respective radially inner ends are as close as possible to the radial periphery of the rotor 71b. The purpose of the system is to minimize the air gap between the two while preventing direct physical contact. Therefore, the machining tolerances that have been produced, the expected wear during a given service, and the safety margin must be considered. Once each coil element 77 is positioned, the aforementioned elements are radially locked by corresponding grub screws; then, coils 53 and 54 are coupled together with other elements to form the desired integral circuit.

The seventh figure shows one of the coil elements 77. Specifically, the coil element 77 includes coils 53 and 54, which together form a composite winding 81 wound on the bobbin 82. The aforementioned bobbin is supported by spaced apart radially inner cross members 83 and radially outer cross members 84. The lateral ends of the aforementioned members 83 and 84 include similar engagement channels (not shown); the aforementioned passages are for receiving one of the radially extending and laterally spaced apart guiding members 85 and 86. By the adjacent rods 87, the guiding members 85 and 86 are fixed in position relative to each other. The adjustment mechanism formed by the two spaced apart locking bolts 89 and 90 extending between the bobbin 82 and the rod 87 allows for selective axial movement of the composite winding 81. That is, as the bolts 89 and 90 rotate, when the members 83 and 84 are guided by the guiding members 85 and 86, the composite winding 81 moves axially.

In use, the guiding members 85 and 86 are received by at least one pair of corresponding opposing channel pairs on the support plates 73 and 74. Once the coil elements 77 are radially positioned and secured to the support plates 73 and 74 or to one of the support plates, the technician can adjust the bolts 89 and 90 to fine tune any radial position of the composite winding 81. This form of coil element 77 also facilitates subsequent maintenance of generator 71, as it is necessary to radially adjust composite winding 81 of generator 71 during maintenance.

It should be understood that the aluminum leg 72 can be easily extended to provide a similar mounting structure for the support plate to form a composite motor formed by adjacent axially spaced machines. That is to say, with the aforementioned components, the motor can be constructed in a substantially modular manner. For machines with dual rotors, only three suitable shaped plates are used. In other words, for machines with n rotors, only (n+1) boards are required. However, in other embodiments of n>2, there are two end rotors; that is, the other one or a plurality of rotors are disposed between the two end rotors; the aforementioned end rotor is supported on the shaft 71c, and Only adjacent to a corresponding board. That is to say, for n rotors, there are (n-1) plates.

In other embodiments, the aforementioned plate and the aforementioned rotor are all or partially disposed within a housing or other housing.

Therefore, the foregoing embodiment provides a motor which is a generator 71 including: a plurality of substantially parallel support plates 73 and 74; a shaft 71c supported by one or a plurality of the aforementioned support plates 73 and 74, wherein the aforementioned shaft is substantially Extending perpendicular to the aforementioned plate; a rotor 71b mounted on the shaft 71c for rotation relative to the support plates 73 and 74, wherein the rotor includes a circumferential periphery at or adjacent to the periphery to provide a plurality of corresponding magnetic fields The spaced apart permanent magnets 52; and a plurality of coil elements supported by one or a plurality of plates (73; 74) by which the magnetic field can be selectively moved to transfer energy between the rotor 71b and the coil elements 77 .

For the generator 71, the transfer of energy refers to the transfer between the rotational energy of the rotor 71b and the electrical energy produced by the coils of the coil elements 77. If the motor is operated as a motor, then energy transfer refers to the transfer of electrical energy in the coil of coil element 77 to rotor 71b as rotational energy.

The inventors contemplate that the energy extracted from the quantum foam formed by charged particles in the atmosphere induced by the sun's rays assists the operation of the setup of the previous embodiment. This creates a partial vacuum somewhere in the space at the moment the current generates a magnetic field pulse. The surrounding atmospheric pressure enters the aforementioned vacuum space and fills the aforementioned vacuum space; moreover, there are charged particles in the space that affect the operation of the embodiment. Such an energy conversion method is discussed in U.S. Patent No. 7,379,286, issued to Haisch et al., the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein.

The main advantages of the different preferred embodiments of the invention are as follows. Energy efficient compared to previous generators, motors and other motors. Increased operational flexibility. Reduces the size and weight used for a given output. Reduced life cycle costs. The structure is simple and the loss is low. Rare earth permanent magnets are used on the rotor without the use of coils. Because of the permanent magnets used on the rotor, there is no need to input energy into the rotor coil. Since the electrical connection between the rotor and the stator is no longer required, no brushes are required, thereby reducing losses. The stator coil requires less copper. Since the required force is generated by virtue of the characteristics of the magnet, a large number of windings with a strong current are not required. Therefore, the resistance loss is reduced. Wide operating temperature range. It generates less heat and is less susceptible to temperature changes and thermal runaway effects. Manufacturing is relatively cheap. By using an amorphous polycrystalline ferrite composite, expensive parts made of metal glass (Metglass) or special laminated steel are omitted from the machine. In other words, the entire structure of the motor is made of extruded parts of plastic/ferrite. Reduce I2R loss. The hard iron core in the stator is omitted. Therefore, the heat source is removed from the motor (generated in a conventional motor due to induction). The use of one or more amorphous metals in the rotor reduces hysteresis losses and induced heat buildup typically found in iron. The use of amorphous metals in the rotor provides magnetic energy densities up to 10 times that of conventional materials, resulting in a more compact and efficient design. Adapt to a variety of design configurations, for example, design configurations that require high power output and/or low starting torque.

In the description herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without the specific details. In other instances, well known methods, structures, and techniques are not shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of the description herein.

Similarly, it should be noted that the terminology used in the context of the claims should not be construed as being limited to the direct connection or the connection. The terms "coupled" and "connected" and their derivatives are used. It should be understood that the terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. Therefore, the expression range of "device A coupling device B" should not be limited to the device or system in which the output of device A is directly connected to the input of device B. This means that there is a path between the output of device A and the output of device B; the aforementioned path is a path that includes other devices or means. "Coupled" or "connected" means that two or plural elements are either in direct physical contact or electrical contact; or that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but they still cooperate or interact with each other.

It is to be understood that the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, and those skilled in the art will recognize that further modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All such changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention. You have to add or remove features from the block diagram, and you have to swap between function blocks.

1‧‧‧ brushless motor
2‧‧‧stator
3‧‧‧Shell
5,6‧‧‧ coil
7, 8‧‧‧ coil
9, 10‧‧‧ coil
15‧‧‧Rotor
16‧‧‧Rotor core
20‧‧‧Circumference
21‧‧‧ inner surface
23, 24, 25, 26‧‧‧ permanent magnets
31‧‧‧ Input shaft
32‧‧‧ axis
35‧‧‧Control circuit
40‧‧‧Power socket
41, 42‧‧‧ electrical terminals
43‧‧‧Electric load
45, 46, 47, 48‧‧‧Amorphous metal components
51‧‧‧Generator
52‧‧‧ permanent magnet
53, 54‧‧‧ coil
55‧‧‧ Output
56‧‧‧Subcircuit
57‧‧‧Starting circuit
58‧‧‧Starting coil
59‧‧‧ switch
60‧‧‧Battery
61‧‧‧Generator
62‧‧‧ Controller
63‧‧‧ switch
71‧‧‧Generator
71a‧‧‧stator
71b‧‧‧Rotor
71c‧‧‧Axis
72‧‧‧foot board
73, 74‧‧‧ support plate
75‧‧‧ spacers
76‧‧‧radial channel
77‧‧‧ coil components
81‧‧‧Composite winding
82‧‧‧ coil holder
83‧‧‧ Radial internal components
84‧‧‧ Radial external components
85, 86‧‧‧ Guided components
87‧‧‧ rod
89, 90‧‧‧ bolts

Embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the motor shown in Fig. 1, which schematically shows the electrical connection between the coils. 3 is a schematic diagram of wiring for a stator of a generator in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. 4 is a schematic diagram of wiring for another generator/motor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is a plan view of a brushless motor having a stator of the wiring shown in the third figure, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the machine shown in Figure 5. Figure 7 is a top plan view of one of the components used in the generator shown in Figure 5.

Claims (20)

A brushless motor comprising: a rotor having: a rotor core having a periphery, and a plurality of spaced apart permanent magnets mounted on the rotor core and providing respective magnetic poles adjacent to the periphery; and a stator a plurality of spaced apart first coils connected in parallel and a plurality of spaced apart second coils magnetically coupled to respective ones of said first coils, wherein said stator houses said rotor to allow said rotor to said magnetic pole and said first coil The movement therebetween enables any of the following operations to cause another operation: relative rotation between the aforementioned stator and the aforementioned rotor; and voltages across the aforementioned second coil. The brushless motor of any of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of permanent magnets exhibit the same polarity at the periphery. A brushless motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of permanent magnets exhibit alternating polarities at the periphery. The brushless motor of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of permanent magnets comprises an even number of magnets. The brushless motor of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the number of the magnets is an integral multiple of four. The brushless motor of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of permanent magnets are equiangularly spaced apart from the periphery. The brushless motor of any one of the preceding claims, wherein each of the aforementioned first coils is wound on a corresponding core. The brushless motor of claim 7, wherein each of the second coils is wound on a corresponding core, and the second coil and the corresponding first coil share the core. The brushless motor of any one of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the first coil comprises a first winding having a first common diameter, and the second coil comprises a second common diameter Two windings. The brushless motor of claim 9, wherein the first common diameter is about 0.50 to 0.60 mm. A brushless motor as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein the first common diameter is about 0.55 mm. The brushless motor of any one of clauses 9 to 11, wherein the second common diameter is about 0.40 to 0.50 mm. The brushless motor of any one of clauses 9 to 12, wherein the second common diameter is about 0.46 mm. The brushless motor of claim 9, wherein the first common diameter is greater than the second common diameter. The brushless motor of claim 9, wherein the first common diameter is about 18% to 21% longer than the second common diameter. The brushless motor of any one of clauses 1 to 15, wherein the second coil is connected in parallel with the output end. The brushless motor of claim 16, wherein the second coil is connected to the output end by a rectifying circuit. The brushless motor of claim 17, wherein the rectifier circuit is bidirectional. The brushless motor of any one of clauses 1 to 18, wherein the stator comprises a plurality of substantially parallel plates; the shaft extends substantially perpendicular to one or more of the plates and is supported by the plate; The rotor is mounted on the shaft to rotate relative to the front plate, and the permanent magnet generates a corresponding magnetic field; the plurality of coil elements comprise a pair of the first and second coils, and are supported by one or a plurality of the aforementioned plates; The aforementioned magnetic field selectively passes through the aforementioned elements to transfer energy between the aforementioned rotor and the aforementioned elements. A brushless motor as claimed in claim 19, wherein, in use, the plate includes opposing faces, the face having a corresponding mounting structure for releasably slidingly receiving the coil element, the mounting structure extending radially.