CN203278585U - Halbach Parallel Rotor Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of motors, and discloses a Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor, which comprises a stator and a rotor. A first armature winding is wound on the first armature tooth, a second armature winding is wound on the second armature tooth, and an excitation winding is wound on the first armature tooth. The rotor includes a rotating shaft, on which a Halbach permanent magnet and a salient pole structure rotor are arranged. A magnetic isolation ring is formed between the Halbach permanent magnet and the salient pole structure rotor. The Halbach permanent magnet is located on the side of the second armature tooth, and the salient pole structure rotor is located on the second On one armature tooth side, an air gap is formed between the rotor and the stator. The utility model expands the adjustment range of the magnetic field, saves devices such as brushes and slip rings, and makes the motor have the advantages of simple structure, firmness and durability, suitable for operation in a wide speed range, and high efficiency and high power density.

Description

Halbach Parallel Rotor Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Motor

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor.

Background technique

The Halbach parallel-rotor hybrid excitation motor utilizes the magnetic shielding effect of the Halbach array to make the motor have a higher air-gap flux density. At the same time, it combines the advantages of permanent magnet motors and electric excitation motors, and has become a research hotspot in recent years.

Common Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation motors have the following structures.

The first is a Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor, referring to accompanying drawing 1, comprising a rotor and a stator for accommodating the rotor, the stator includes a stator core, armature teeth arranged on the stator core, and surrounding the rotor Distributed armature winding of armature teeth; the rotor includes a rotating shaft and a Halbach permanent magnet rotor supported by the rotating shaft and an electrically excited rotor. The Halbach permanent magnet rotor, the electric excitation rotor includes the rotor core arranged around the rotating shaft, the excitation winding arranged on the rotor iron core, as well as the brushes and slip rings, the Halbach permanent magnet rotor and the electric excitation rotor are fixed side by side on the rotating shaft. Among them, the excitation magnetic field generated by the Halbach permanent magnet is the main magnetic field, and the magnetic field generated by the excitation winding is used as the auxiliary magnetic field. Although the magnetic field of this motor is adjustable. However, because the excitation winding is on the rotor, there are brushes and slip rings in the motor, which reduces the reliability of the motor; and because the air gap flux density of the electric excitation section is poor in sinusoidality, the stator winding of the motor must adopt distributed windings, so that the winding and embedded difficulty.

The second type is a Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor, referring to accompanying drawing 2, comprising a rotor and a stator accommodating the rotor, the stator includes a stator core, armature teeth arranged on the stator core, and surrounding The distributed armature winding of the armature tooth, as well as the magnetically conductive groove sleeve and the annular field winding. The magnetically conductive groove sleeve is fixed on the motor end cover by bolts and has no contact with the rotor shaft. It is fixed at the groove of the magnetic groove sleeve. The rotor is composed of a rotating shaft and a Halbach rotor and an electric excitation rotor arranged side by side on the rotating shaft: the Halbach rotor includes a non-magnetically conductive rotor supported by the rotating shaft and a Halbach array permanent magnet arranged on the surface of the non-magnetically conductive rotor The electric excitation rotor includes a claw pole structure connected to the rotating shaft; the Halbach rotor and the electric excitation rotor are separated by a magnetic isolation ring composed of an air gap. This motor achieves a brushless structure due to the use of a magnetically conductive grooved sleeve (fixed on the motor end cover). But it also makes the structure of the whole motor complex, and the magnetic groove sleeve occupies a large volume, which increases the useless volume and weight of the motor, and reduces the power density. Moreover, its stator winding is still a distributed winding, and the process is complicated.

The third type is the electric excitation flux switching motor, see Figure 3. In recent years, the electric excitation flux switching motor has also attracted great attention from scholars due to its simple structure and wide speed range. This kind of motor consists of two parts, the stator and the rotor, both of which are salient pole structures. The stator is equipped with a centralized armature winding and excitation winding, and the rotor has no winding. The stator and rotor cores are laminated by silicon steel sheets. The excitation winding passes direct current, and the centralized armature winding passes three-phase symmetrical alternating current. The alternating current direction of the winding determines the direction of the magnetic flux in the motor. When the polarity of the armature winding current changes, the synthetic magnetic field is in the axial direction of the two stator teeth adjacent to the field winding, generating a clockwise or counterclockwise pulsating magnetic field, thus the magnetic flux polarity of the stator armature winding turn chain Change, so it is called flux switching motor. In the flux switching process, relying on the rotor inertia and changing the polarity of the armature current at the right time, the rotor can obtain continuous torque, and the speed of the rotor rotation depends on the frequency of the armature current change. It can be seen that the stator is equipped with an armature winding and an excitation winding, and the armature winding is a concentrated winding. When the excitation current changes, the magnetic flux in the air gap will also change accordingly, which can effectively achieve the purpose of adjusting the magnetic field. However, due to the existence of the excitation winding, the copper loss of the motor is large, and the power density and efficiency are reduced.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor, in order to improve the structure of the motor and the air gap magnetic flux density by converting the electric excitation section into an electric excitation flux switching motor .

The technical scheme that the utility model takes is:

A Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor, comprising a stator and a rotor, the rotor is arranged inside the stator, and it is characterized in that a first armature tooth and a second armature tooth are respectively arranged on the inner side of the stator, and the A first armature winding is wound on the first armature tooth; a second armature winding is wound on the second armature tooth; an excitation winding is wound on the first armature tooth; the rotor It includes a rotating shaft, on which a Halbach permanent magnet and a salient pole structure rotor are arranged, a magnetic isolation ring is formed between the Halbach permanent magnet and the salient pole structure rotor, and the Halbach permanent magnet is located on the second armature tooth On one side, the salient pole structure rotor is located on the side of the first armature tooth, and an air gap is formed between the rotor and the stator.

Further, the magnetic isolation ring is formed by an air gap between the Halbach permanent magnet and the salient pole structure rotor.

Further, a non-magnetically permeable rotor yoke is provided between the Halbach permanent magnet and the rotating shaft.

Further, the material of the non-magnetically permeable rotor yoke is aluminum alloy.

Further, the number of poles of the Halbach permanent magnet is the same as that of the stator.

Further, the number of salient pole teeth of the rotor matches the number of poles of the stator.

Further, the number of poles of the Halbach permanent magnet and the stator is 6, and the number of salient pole teeth of the rotor is 7.

Further, the outer surface of the rotor is coated with a stainless steel sleeve.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

The new Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor adopts the parallel structure of Halbach permanent magnet and electric excitation two kinds of magnetic potential sources, which expands the adjustment range of the magnetic field and saves devices such as brushes and slip rings. The excitation device adopts the combination of Halbach column and electric excitation. Due to the unilaterality of the magnetic field generated by the Halbach column magnet (that is, the self-shielding effect), the air gap magnetic flux has a good sinusoidal property and the rotor yoke magnetic flux is close to zero. Thereby: 1. The rotor yoke of the Halbach column part of the utility model can use light non-magnetic materials (such as aluminum), which reduces the eddy current loss of the rotor yoke and also reduces the moment of inertia of the motor, and improves the performance of the motor. performance. ②The stator armature winding of the utility model can adopt a centralized type, so that the winding and embedded assembly are convenient and the process is simple. In addition, because the rotor of the electric excitation section has a salient pole tooth structure, the electric excitation section is an electric excitation flux switching motor, so that the whole motor has the advantages of simple structure, strong and durable, suitable for wide speed range operation, high efficiency and high power density, and can Widely used in electric power industry, transportation industry and other fields.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of a kind of Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor in the prior art;

Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of another kind of Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation brushless synchronous motor in the prior art;

Accompanying drawing 3 is the structure schematic diagram of a kind of electrical excitation magnetic flux switching motor in the prior art;

Accompanying drawing 4 is the structural representation of the utility model;

Accompanying drawing 5 is the A-A sectional view of accompanying drawing 4;

Accompanying drawing 6 is the B-B sectional view of accompanying drawing 4.

The marks in the accompanying drawings are:

1. Stator; 2. rotor;

3. The first armature tooth; 4. second armature tooth;

5. The first armature winding; 6. second armature winding;

7. Excitation winding; 8. shaft;

9. Halbach permanent magnet; 10. Salient pole structure rotor;

11. Non-magnetic rotor yoke; 12. air gap;

13. air gap.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation of the Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to accompanying drawings 4, 5, and 6, the Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor includes an annular stator 1, and a rotor 2 is arranged inside the inner surface of the stator 1. The iron core of the stator 1 is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, and the stator 1 The inner side of the iron core is a salient pole cogging structure, which forms the armature cogging. The inside of the stator 1 is respectively fixed with a first armature tooth 3 and a second armature tooth 4, the first armature tooth 3 is arranged inside the stator 1, and a first armature winding 5 is wound on the first armature tooth 3 The second armature tooth 4 is also arranged on the inner side of the stator 1, side by side with the first armature tooth 3, forming a gap in the middle, and the second armature winding 6 is wound on the second armature tooth 4; The field winding 7 is also wound on the tooth 3, and the positions of the first armature tooth 3 and the second armature tooth 4 are interchangeable, that is, the field winding 7 can be wound on the first armature tooth 3 or can be wound on the second armature tooth 3. On the second armature tooth 4. The rotor 2 includes a rotating shaft 8 and a Halbach permanent magnet 9 and a salient pole structure rotor 10 are arranged on the rotating shaft 8. The number of poles of the Halbach permanent magnet 9 is the same as that of the stator 1, and the number of salient pole teeth of the salient pole structure rotor 10 is the same as that of the stator 1. Proper coordination with the number of poles of the stator 1 is also a prerequisite for the efficient operation of the motor. The Halbach permanent magnet 9 and the salient pole structure rotor 10 are arranged side by side, and a non-magnetically conductive rotor yoke 11 can also be provided between the Halbach permanent magnet 9 and the rotating shaft 8. The material of the non-magnetically conductive rotor yoke 11 is aluminum alloy, which is not only light in weight, but also Good magnetic resistance. The non-magnetically permeable rotor yoke 11 is cylindrical and has a hole in the center for the shaft 8 to pass through. The magnetization method of the Halbach permanent magnet 9 is a unique magnetization method of the Halbach column. A magnetic isolation ring is formed between the Halbach permanent magnet 9 and the salient pole structure rotor 10, and the magnetic isolation ring is formed by the air gap 12 between the Halbach permanent magnet 9 and the salient pole structure rotor 10, and the magnetic resistance can also be filled in the air gap 12. Material. The Halbach permanent magnet 9 is located on the side of the second armature tooth 4 without the field winding, and the salient pole structure rotor 10 is located on the side of the first armature tooth 3 wound with the field winding. If the first armature tooth 3 and If the second armature tooth 4 is interchanged, the Halbach permanent magnet 9 and the salient pole structure rotor 10 should also be interchanged, so as to ensure that the salient pole structure rotor 10 is located on the side of the armature tooth wound with the field winding 7 . An air gap 13 is formed between the rotor 2 and the stator 1 . A stainless steel sleeve can also be coated on the outside of the rotor 2 .

The working principle and working process of the utility model are introduced in detail below. The Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor has two magnetic potential sources: one is the permanent magnet magnetic potential; the other is the electric excitation magnetic potential after the DC excitation winding is energized. Changing the size and direction of the current in the excitation winding will change the air gap synthetic magnetic field, including the following three situations:

1) If the DC excitation current in the stator excitation winding is zero, the air-gap magnetic field is only generated by the permanent magnet and remains unchanged.

2) If the DC excitation current in the stator excitation winding is greater than zero, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the excitation current is the same as the direction of the magnetic field generated by the Halbach column permanent magnet at the same extreme, which increases the synthetic magnetic field of the air gap in the synchronous motor and plays the role of magnetization .

3) Conversely, if the DC excitation current in the stator excitation winding is less than zero, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the excitation current is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets of the Halbach column at the same extreme, so that the combined air gap magnetic field in the synchronous motor is reduced, which plays a weak role. magnetic effect. Therefore, adjusting the size and direction of the excitation current can easily adjust the air gap synthetic magnetic field, so as to achieve the purpose of magnetic adjustment.

When a DC excitation current is passed through the excitation winding to participate in the adjustment of the air gap magnetic field, the air gap magnetic field is jointly generated by the Halbach column permanent magnet and the excitation current in the excitation winding. At this time, the magnetic flux direction in the air gap magnetic field can be roughly summarized as follows:

(1) Magnetic flux in the electric excitation part: the radial magnetic flux generated by the excitation current in the excitation winding reaches the salient pole of the rotor through the working air gap between the armature teeth and the stator and rotor, and the radial magnetic flux is converted by the salient pole of the rotor It is the axial magnetic flux, and then the axial magnetic flux passes through the rotor tooth, air gap, armature tooth and stator yoke under the other magnetic pole to the stator field winding to form a magnetic flux loop.

(2) Halbach permanent magnet part: the Halbach column N-pole permanent magnet generates radial magnetic flux, flows through the air gap, armature teeth, stator yoke, and then returns to the Halbach column through the stator teeth and air gap under the other magnetic pole The S pole permanent magnet forms a magnetic flux loop. When there is no DC excitation current in the excitation winding and does not participate in the adjustment of the air gap magnetic field, the magnetic flux direction in the air gap magnetic field only includes the Halbach permanent magnet part.

In addition, when the load is applied, a set of symmetrical three-phase currents will flow through the three-phase symmetrical armature winding of the new Halbach parallel-rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor, so that the armature winding will generate armature magnetomotive force and corresponding armature Magnetic field, so that the synthetic magnetic field in the air gap is generated by the combined action of the armature magnetomotive force and the main pole magnetomotive force (generated by the Halbach permanent magnet). The influence of the armature magnetomotive force on the main pole magnetic field during load is called the armature reaction, and its nature (magnetization, demagnetization or alternating magnetization) depends on the relative position of the armature magnetomotive force and the main magnetic field in space.

Because the main part of the excitation field of the utility model is produced by the Halbach column permanent magnet, the excitation winding is only used as an auxiliary adjustment device. When the motor is working normally, the excitation current in the excitation winding is zero, and the excitation winding does not consume power. Only when the load changes, The excitation current is properly added to adjust the air gap magnetic field, so the utility model is an energy-saving synchronous motor.

The electric excitation part of the utility model realizes the brushless structure by installing the excitation winding on the teeth of the salient pole structure of the stator, and there is no winding on the rotor, so that the failure rate of the Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor is reduced, and because the Halbach permanent The sine of the air gap magnetic flux of the magnet is better, so that the noise of the motor is also smaller. the

The number of pole pairs of the Halbach column permanent magnet of the utility model is the same as the number of pole pairs of the salient pole slots of the stator. The magnetic field generated by the magnetic potential source constituted by the excitation winding and the magnetic potential source constituted by the Halbach permanent magnet has little correlation in space.

In the Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor provided by the utility model, when a DC excitation current passes through the excitation winding, the main magnetic flux in the air gap is composed of two parts:

(1) Magnetic flux in the electric excitation part: the radial magnetic flux generated by the excitation current in the excitation winding reaches the salient pole of the rotor through the working air gap between the armature teeth and the stator and rotor, and the radial magnetic flux is converted by the salient pole of the rotor It is the axial magnetic flux, and then the axial magnetic flux passes through the rotor teeth, air gap, armature teeth and stator yoke under the other magnetic pole to the excitation winding to form a magnetic flux loop.

(2) Halbach column permanent magnet part: Halbach column N-pole permanent magnet generates radial magnetic flux, flows through the air gap, armature teeth, stator yoke, and then returns to Halbach through the stator teeth and air gap under the other magnetic pole A row of S-pole permanent magnets forms a magnetic flux loop. When there is no field current in the field winding, the main flux in the air gap contains only this part.

When the direction of the magnetic field generated by the excitation current in the excitation winding is the same as that of the Halbach permanent magnet, the air gap magnetic field in the motor increases; otherwise, the air gap magnetic field in the motor decreases. Therefore, the air gap magnetic field can be adjusted conveniently by adjusting the magnitude and direction of the excitation current.

In the technical solution of the utility model, the rotor is formed by paralleling Halbach permanent magnets and salient pole structure rotors. In the permanent magnet part, the unilateral air-gap magnetic field generated by the Halbach permanent magnet makes the air-gap magnetic flux of the motor more sinusoidal, and the number of magnetic poles formed by the Halbach permanent magnet rotor is the same as the number of stator poles, which are both set to 6 poles. The rotor section of the magnetic flux switching part has 7 salient pole teeth, that is, a 7-pole structure, so this part is a 6/7-pole electric excitation magnetic flux switching motor. Therefore, the stator armature winding of the Halbach parallel-rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor can adopt concentrated winding, so that the winding and embedded installation are convenient. Moreover, by placing the Halbach column rotor and the salient pole structure rotor of the electric excitation section side by side, and the excitation winding is placed on the stator salient pole teeth, there is no winding on the rotor, and brushes and slip rings are omitted, so that the structure of the motor is simple and the efficiency is improved. reliability.

Since the Halbach column rotor and the salient pole structure rotor of the electric excitation section are placed side by side, the main part of the excitation magnetic field is generated by the Halbach column permanent magnet, and the excitation winding is only used as an auxiliary adjustment device. When the motor is working normally, the excitation current in the excitation winding is zero, and the excitation The winding does not consume power, and only when the load changes, the excitation current is properly added to adjust the air gap magnetic field. Therefore, the utility model is an energy-saving synchronous motor; The magnetic isolation ring formed by the gap is separated, so that the Halbach column permanent magnet will not have the risk of demagnetization, and the two parts of the air gap magnetic field can be superimposed on each other in the air gap, so the power density will not be reduced.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the utility model, some improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (8)

1. A kind of Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor, comprises stator, rotor, and described rotor is arranged on described stator inside, it is characterized in that: first armature tooth and second armature tooth are set respectively in the inboard of described stator , a first armature winding is wound on the first armature tooth; a second armature winding is wound on the second armature tooth, and an excitation winding is wound on the first armature tooth, so The rotor includes a rotating shaft, and a Halbach permanent magnet and a salient pole structure rotor are arranged on the rotating shaft, and a magnetic isolation ring is formed between the Halbach permanent magnet and the salient pole structure rotor, and the Halbach permanent magnet is located in the second electric motor. On the pivot tooth side, the salient pole structure rotor is located on the first armature tooth side, and an air gap is formed between the rotor and the stator. 2. The Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the magnetic isolation ring is formed by the air gap between the Halbach permanent magnet and the salient pole structure rotor. 3. The Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: a non-conductive rotor yoke is arranged between the Halbach permanent magnet and the rotating shaft. 4. The Halbach parallel-rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: the material of the non-magnetically permeable rotor yoke is aluminum alloy. 5. The Halbach parallel-rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the number of poles of the Halbach permanent magnet is the same as the number of poles of the stator. 6 . The Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor according to claim 5 , wherein the number of salient pole teeth of the rotor matches the number of poles of the stator. 7. The Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor according to claim 6, characterized in that: the number of poles of the Halbach permanent magnet and the stator is 6, and the number of salient pole teeth of the rotor is 7. 8. The Halbach parallel rotor hybrid excitation synchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the outer surface of the rotor is coated with a stainless steel sleeve.

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