TW201726510A - 用於聚醯胺顆粒之儲存與運輸之方法與容器及相關之經儲存或運輸之聚醯胺顆粒與由其製造之模製物 - Google Patents
用於聚醯胺顆粒之儲存與運輸之方法與容器及相關之經儲存或運輸之聚醯胺顆粒與由其製造之模製物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201726510A TW201726510A TW105139364A TW105139364A TW201726510A TW 201726510 A TW201726510 A TW 201726510A TW 105139364 A TW105139364 A TW 105139364A TW 105139364 A TW105139364 A TW 105139364A TW 201726510 A TW201726510 A TW 201726510A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23B2/70—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals
- A23B2/704—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B2/708—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
- A23B2/712—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O in which an absorbent is placed or used
- A23B2/717—Oxygen absorbent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
- B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
- B65D81/266—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for absorbing gases, e.g. oxygen absorbers or desiccants
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
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- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/265—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids from at least two different diamines or at least two different dicarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/36—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino acids, polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/06—Sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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Abstract
本發明有關於一種方法,用於聚醯胺顆粒之儲存與運輸,該聚醯胺顆粒包含至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺。藉此新方法,可在進一步處理以形成經模製物的過程中,避免或至少減少黃化。同樣地,本發明有關於一種相關之容器,於其中儲存該聚醯胺顆粒。本發明亦有關於相關之經儲存或運輸之聚醯胺顆粒與由其製造之各種模製物。
Description
本發明有關於一種方法,用於聚醯胺顆粒之儲存與運輸,該聚醯胺顆粒包含至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺。藉此新方法,可在進一步處理以形成經模製物的過程中,避免或至少減少黃化。同樣地,本發明有關於一種相關的容器,其中儲存該聚醯胺顆粒。本發明亦有關於相關之經儲存或運輸之聚醯胺顆粒與由其製造之各種模製物。
在進一步處理之前,聚醯胺顆粒之儲存與運輸通常在大多數各式各樣類型之容器中進行,例如:各種麻袋(sacks)、袋(bags)、大袋(big bags)、盒(boxes)、八角箱(octabins)、大桶(barrels)、提桶(buckets)、罐(canisters)或金屬容器(cans)。
已知在聚醯胺顆粒之儲存與運輸期間,至關重要的是經常可以在進一步處理該些顆粒期間會觀察到黃化,雖然在儲存後,該些顆粒本身顯示沒有黃化。事實上,有很多熱安定劑(heat stabiliser)使用於聚醯胺中,然而,在聚醯胺顆粒之儲存或運輸期間,這些沒有表現出作用。
在現有技術中,許多解決方法已經知道好一陣子了,該些方
法係以防止各種敏感產物與周圍空氣接觸,或至少讓接觸降至最小為基礎。
從食品領域,已知使用一些氧氣吸收劑,以防止食品腐敗,例如從EP 0864 630 A1知道此方法,其中描述保存食品之包裝,其包括許多具有各種吸收氧氣之化合物之小袋子。
從此開始,本發明之目的在改善許多聚醯胺之各種儲存或運輸條件,使得能在不添加添加劑至該聚醯胺,而達成進一步處理其時能盡可能免於黃化。
藉由具有請求項1之各種特徵之方法與藉由具有請求項11之各種特徵之容器來達成此目的。依據請求項14,本發明提供一聚醯胺顆粒,以及依據請求項17,一由其所製成之模製物。進一步之附屬項呈現各種有利之發展。
依據本發明,提供一種用於聚醯胺顆粒之儲存與運輸之方法,包括至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺,避免或減少由該顆粒所製造模製物時黃化,在該方法中,將該聚醯胺顆粒儲存於一容器中,該容器具有一與氧氣及濕氣有關之障礙效應(barrier effect),其中,將至少一氧氣吸收劑置於該容器中,並且在該容器中產生一本質上無氧之氣氛,該容器基本上用來防止該顆粒與從周圍空氣而來之氧氣接觸。該容器之該障礙效應之結果,基本上防止從周圍空氣而來之額外氧氣與濕氣穿透進入該容器。這表示該容器係氣體與濕氣無法穿透。
令人驚訝地,可以確定,藉由添加一氧氣吸收劑與以此產生之本質上無氧氣氛,可使聚醯胺顆粒之儲存與運輸成為可能,並且甚至在
該顆粒之進一步處理時,也不會導致可注意到之黃化。
依據本發明,所有能從周圍空氣中吸收氧氣之化合物,均可能當作氧氣吸收劑。
在一較佳實施例中,提供該氧氣吸收劑,其係至少一可氧化金屬化合物,選自各種金屬粉末、金屬氧化物、金屬鹽或其混合物之群組。
作為各種可氧化金屬粉末,較佳特別為鐵(iron)、錫(tin)、銅(copper)、鈷(cobalt)、鉻(chromium)、錳(manganese)、釩(vanadium)、鈦(titanium)或其混合物之各種粉末。作為各種可氧化金屬氧化物或金屬鹽,較佳特別為鐵、銅、鈷、鉻或其混合物之各種氧化物或鹽。
因此,較佳地,在該容器中,各種可氧化金屬化合物之數量,在每升殘留體積中,較佳地在20至400毫莫耳(mmol),較佳地在30至300毫莫耳,特別較佳地在40至200毫莫耳之範圍內。這裡打算以殘留體積表示未被該聚醯胺顆粒所佔據之該容器體積。
為了增加其作為氧氣吸收劑之作用,該些可氧化金屬粉末、可氧化金屬氧化物或可氧化金屬鹽,可較佳地與各種氧化觸媒(oxidation catalysts)組合。用於各種可氧化金屬粉末、可氧化金屬氧化物或可氧化金屬鹽之該些氧化觸媒,係各種鹼金屬(alkali metals)、鹼土金屬(alkaline earth metal)或其各種混合物之各種鹵化物(halogenides),該些鹵化物係較佳地選自由氯(chlorine)、溴(bromine)與碘(iodine)所組成之群組,特別較佳地,該些鹵化物係選自由氯與碘所組成之群組。較佳地,該些鹼金屬或鹼土金屬係選自由鈉(sodium)、鉀(potassium)、鈣(calcium)、鎂(magnesium)與鋇(barium)所組成之群組,特別較佳地,該些鹼金屬或鹼土金屬係選自由鈉、
鉀與鈣所組成之群組。
用於可氧化金屬粉末、可氧化金屬氧化物或可氧化金屬鹽之該氧化觸媒較佳地添加數量,相對於該可氧化金屬粉末、該可氧化金屬氧化物或該可氧化金屬鹽,為0.05至35重量%,較佳地0.1至17重量%,特別較佳地0.5至10重量%。
對包括各種可氧化金屬粉末與氧化觸媒、可氧化金屬氧化物與氧化觸媒或可氧化金屬鹽與氧化觸媒之各種系統,可添加一溼潤物質,較佳地,該溼潤物質係選自由活性碳(activated carbon)、各種矽酸鹽(silicates)、各種沸石(zeolites)、各種分子篩(molecular sieves)、各種水凝膠(hydrogels)、各種珍珠岩(perlites)與矽藻土(diatomite)所組成之群組。
一另外較佳之實施例,提供該氧氣吸收劑係一可氧化有機或無機化合物或一酵素(enzyme)。作為可氧化有機化合物,較佳為抗壞血酸(ascorbic acid)、異抗壞血酸(isoascorbic acid)、兒茶酚(catechol)、氫醌(hydroquinone)、各種不飽和羧酸(unsaturated carboxylic acids)、各種不飽和羧酸之衍生物(derivatives)(如酯類)或其混合物;作為各種可氧化無機化合物,較佳為亞硫酸鹽(sulphites)(如CaSO3)、二硫亞磺酸鹽(dithionites)[如二硫亞磺酸鈉(sodium dithionite)、二硫亞磺酸鋅(zinc dithionite)]或其各種混合物。
該些可氧化金屬化合物、可氧化有機或無機化合物,係用來當作氧氣吸收劑,較佳地被填充進一些密封小袋中,該些密封小袋係較佳地由各種氧氣可滲透材料所組成,特別地由紙、聚烯烴(polyolefins)、材料、濾紙(filter paper)、各種紡織薄膜(textile membranes)、一些具有許多孔洞或
微孔洞之材料或其各種組合所製成。
一另外較佳實施例提供該氧氣吸收劑,其係一可氧化聚合物。
該可氧化聚合物係較佳地選自由以下所組成之群組●各種烯烴聚合物,其在主鏈中或在側鏈中具有脂肪族碳-碳雙鍵,包括具有共軛或非共軛雙鍵之線狀或環狀多烯類;●各種烯烴聚合物,其在主鏈中具有一些三級碳原子;●各種聚合物,其在主鏈中包含一些經活化亞甲基(methylene groups);與●包含一些醛基(aldehyde groups)之各種聚合物。
較佳之各種烯烴聚合物,其在主鏈中或在側鏈中具有脂肪族碳-碳雙鍵,包含具有共軛或非共軛雙鍵之線狀或環狀多烯類,為聚丁二烯(polybutadiene)、聚異戊二烯(polyisoprene)、各種乙烯-丙烯-二烯共聚合物(ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers)、各種多萜(polyterpenes)、各種包含倍環戊二烯(dicyclopentadiene)之聚合物或各種包含重複不飽和之降莰烯衍生物之聚合物,例如:乙烯基降莰烯(vinyl norbornene)、亞乙基降莰烯(ethylidene norbornene)、亞異丙基降莰烯(isopropylidene norbornene)或二亞異丙基降莰烯(diisopropylidene norbornene)。
在主鏈中具有一些三級碳原子之各種較佳烯烴聚合物,其係由具有3至20,較佳3至10碳原子之各種α-烯烴或在一些側鏈中具有一些苯環之各種聚合物或共聚合物所形成之各種聚合物,特別較佳之各種烯烴聚合物或共聚合物,其在主鏈中具有一些三級碳原子,為聚丙烯(polypropylene)、聚-1-丁烯(poly-1-butene)、聚-1-己烯(poly-1-hexene)、聚-1-
辛烯(poly-1-octene)、乙烯-丙烯共聚合物(ethylene-propylene copolymer)、乙烯-丁烯-1共聚合物(ethylene-butene-1 copolymer)、乙烯-丙烯-丁烯-1共聚合物(ethylene-propylene-butene-1 copolymer)、聚苯乙烯(polystyrene)、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚合物(styrene-butadiene copolymer)或苯乙烯-異戊二烯共聚合物(styrene-isoprene copolymer)。
在該主鏈中包含一些經活化亞甲基之各種較佳聚合物為各種聚醯胺或各種烯烴-一氧化碳共聚合物。在該些聚醯胺中,較佳為包含間二甲苯撐基二胺(m-xylylene diamine)、對二甲苯撐基二胺(p-xylylene diamine)或其各種混合物之聚醯胺,特別地,各種較佳之聚醯胺為PA MXD6、PA MXD10、PA MXD9、PA MXD7、PA MXD6/MXDI或其各種混合物或共聚合物,該MXD能全部或部分被PXD取代,且亦能包含作為各種共聚單體之具有4至12碳原子之各種內醯胺或ω-胺基酸。相對於莫耳100%之總聚醯胺,該些內醯胺或ω-胺基酸之可能比率為至多莫耳30%。非常特別較佳地,該些聚醯胺不含各種內醯胺或ω-胺基酸。在該聚醯胺PA MXD6/MXDI中,該異苯二甲酸之比率,較佳為莫耳2至15%,特別較佳為莫耳2至12%,非常特別較佳為莫耳2至8%,該貳二羧酸之總數為莫耳100%。
包含一些醛基之各種較佳聚合物為包含作為單體之丙烯醛(acrolein)、甲基丙烯醛(methacrolein)或其各種混合物之各種聚合物,或為該些單體或單體混合物與苯乙烯之共聚合物。
為了能夠逐漸產生其作為氧氣吸收劑之作用,該些可氧化聚合物必須與一些氧化觸媒組合。相對於該可氧化聚合物,用於各種可氧化聚合物之該些氧化觸媒之添加數量,在0.001至3重量%,較佳在0.005至1重
量%,特別較佳在0.01至0.5重量%,非常特別較佳在0.03至0.15重量%。
用於各種可氧化聚合物之該些氧化觸媒,係各種過渡金屬之化合物。該些過渡金屬之化合物較佳係選自由各種鹵化物(halogenides)、硫酸鹽(sulphates),硝酸鹽(nitrates),磷酸鹽(phosphates),矽酸鹽(silicates),錯鹽(complex salts),磺酸鹽(sulphonic acid salts),膦酸鹽(phosphonic acid salts)和羧酸鹽(carboxylic acid salts)所組成之群組。用於該些羧酸鹽之各種羧酸係直線形或分支形,較佳地,該些羧酸具有2至22碳原子,特別較佳之羧酸係新癸酸(neodecanoic acid)或硬脂酸(stearic acid)。
該些過渡金屬係選自由鐵(iron)、鈷(cobalt)、鎳(nickel)、銅(copper)、銀(silver)、鋅(zinc)、錫(tin)、鈦(titanium)、鋯(zirconium)、釩(vanadium)、鉻(chromium)和錳(manganese)所組成之群組,較佳地,該些過渡金屬係選自由鐵、鈷、鎳、銅、鋅、鉻和錳所組成之群組,特別較佳地,該些過渡金屬係選自由鈷、銅、鋅和錳所組成之群組,非常特別較佳地,該過渡金屬係鈷。
用於各種可氧化聚合物之特別較佳之各種氧化觸媒,係該些過渡金屬之該些羧酸鹽(carboxylic acid salts),用於各種可氧化聚合物之非常特別較佳之各種氧化觸媒係鈷之該些羧酸鹽(carboxylic acid salts)。
一特別較佳之實施例提供該氧氣吸收劑係選自由各種可氧化金屬粉末與可氧化聚合物所組成之群組。
依據本發明,使用一容器,其具有一與氧氣及濕氣有關之障礙效應,基本上以防止額外之氧氣與濕氣,從周圍空氣穿透至該容器中,因此,該容器能包含至少一障礙層,其係特別選自由金屬、鋁(aluminium)、
各種乙烯-乙烯基醇共聚合物(ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers,EVOH)、聚偏二氯乙烯(polyvinylidene chloride,PVDC)、聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)、聚烯烴(polyolefins)、聚乙烯(polyethylene)與其各種組合所組成之群組。
接著會更加詳細地具體說明要被儲存或運輸之該些聚醯胺。
有關各種聚醯胺與其之各種單體之該些拚字與縮寫,其係被建立於ISO標準16396-1:2015。尤其是因此使用於下列與芳香族或非直線脂肪族之各種單體有關之縮寫:以該些二胺來說,MXD代表間二甲苯撐基二胺(m-xylylene diamine)、PXD代表對二甲苯撐基二胺(p-xylylene diamine)、MACM代表3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷(3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane)、PACM代表雙(對胺基環己基)甲烷(bis(p-aminocyclohexyl)methane)、TMDC代表3,5,3',5'-四甲基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷(3,5,3',5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane)、ND代表1,6-二胺基-2,2,4-三甲基己烷(1,6-diamino-2,2,4-trimethylhexane),以及IND代表1,6-二胺基-2,4,4-三甲基己烷(1,6-diamino-2,4,4-trimethylhexane)。
以該些二羧酸來說,T代表對苯二甲酸(terephthalic acid),I代表異苯二甲酸(isophthalic acid),以及N代表萘二羧酸(naphthalene
dicarboxylic acid)。
如果該些聚醯胺僅包含各種二羧酸與各種二胺,那麼其莫耳數量,對全部該些二胺之總和,添加至莫耳50%,以及對該些二羧酸之總和,添加至50%,而且對該聚醯胺而言,該些二胺與二羧酸數量之總和得莫耳100%。
除了各種二羧酸與各種二胺之外,如果該些聚醯胺亦包含各種內醯胺(lactams)或各種ω-胺基酸(ω-amino acids)至莫耳X%,那麼相對於該聚醯胺之莫耳100%,全部該些二胺之總和仍然只為莫耳(50-0.5X)%,以及全部該些二羧酸之總和為莫耳(50-0.5X)%。
因此,關於該些單體之數量資料應該被理解為,該些單體之一對應莫耳比率使用於該聚縮合反應,其亦可再一次在由聚縮合反應之方式所製造之該些聚醯胺中發現。
以該些聚醯胺之該些二羧酸與該些二胺之數量資料而言,本質上,其適用於全部該些二胺之莫耳數量之總和等於全部該些二羧酸之莫耳數量之總和。本質上,等於從而意指各種二羧酸或各種二胺之最大超額量為5%,即各種二羧酸對各種二胺之莫耳比率為1.05:1至1:1.05。較佳地,各種二羧酸或各種二胺之最大超額量為2%,即各種二羧酸對各種二胺之莫耳比率為1.02:1至1:1.02。
該聚醯胺顆粒係使用至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺來製造,或使用至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺與至少一部分結晶聚醯胺及/或與至少一衝擊改性劑(impact modifier)之各種混合物來製造。
該些混合物能以各種物理性混合物或以經受擠壓成形或用
合成方法製作之各種混合物存在。
依據ISO11357,在動態微差掃描熱分析儀(dynamic differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)中,以20K/分之加熱速率,該些非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺表現出較佳熔化熱至多為30J/g,較佳為至多25J/g,特別較佳為0至22J/g。
相較於該些微晶形聚醯胺,該些非晶形聚醯胺具有一更低熔化熱。依據ISO11357,在動態微差掃描熱分析儀(dynamic differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)中,以20K/分之加熱速率,該些非晶形聚醯胺表現出較佳熔化熱至多為5J/g,較佳為至多3J/g,特別較佳為0至1J/g。
一些非晶形聚醯胺因其非晶性而不具熔點。
一些微晶形聚醯胺係部分結晶之聚醯胺,而且因此具有一熔點,依據ISO11537測量,其熔點較佳為至多260℃;其具有一形態,其中該些結晶具有一小尺寸,使由其所製造2mm厚之平板依然透明,即依據ASTM D 1003測量,其光透過度為至少75%。
關於該至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺,並沒有任何限制。較佳地,該非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺係選自由具有一40至225℃,較佳為60至215℃,特別較佳為105至210℃,非常特別較佳為130至205℃之玻璃轉換溫度(glass transition temperature)(依據ISO11357測量)之各種非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺所組成之群組。
較佳地,該非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺係由至少一二胺與至少一二羧酸及可能由至少一內醯胺且/或至少一ω-胺基酸所形成。
較佳地,該至少一二胺係選自由乙二胺(ethylene diamine)、
丁二胺(butane diamine)、戊二胺(pentane diamine)、甲基戊二胺(methylpentane diamine)、己二胺(hexamethylene diamine)、辛二胺(octane diamine)、甲基辛二胺(methyloctane diamine)、壬烷二胺(nonane diamine)、癸二胺(decane diamine)、十一烷二胺(undecane diamine)、十二烷二胺(dodecane diamine)、二氨基三甲基己烷(diaminotrimethylhexane)、雙(胺基環己基)甲烷(bis(aminocyclohexyl)methane)與其各種烷基衍生物、雙(胺基環己基)丙烷(bis(aminocyclohexyl)propane)與其各種烷基衍生物、異佛爾酮二胺(isophorone diamine)、降莰烷二胺(norbornane diamine)、雙(胺甲基)降莰烷(bis(aminomethyl)norbornane)、二甲苯撐基二胺(xylylene diamine)、環己烷二胺(cyclohexane diamine)及雙(胺甲基)環己烷(bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane)與其各種烷基衍生物所組成之群組。
較佳地,該至少一二羧酸係選自由琥珀酸(succinic acid)、戊二酸(glutaric acid)、己二酸(adipic acid)、庚二酸(pimelic acid)、辛二酸(suberic acid)、壬二酸(azelaic acid)、癸二酸(sebacic acid)、十一烷二酸(undecanedioic acid)、十二烷二酸(dodecanedioic acid)、十三烷二酸(brassylic acid)、十四烷二酸(tetradecanedioic acid)、十五烷二酸(pentadecanedioic acid)、十六烷二酸(hexadecanedioic acid)、十七烷二酸(heptadecanedioic acid)、十八烷二酸(octadecanedioic acid)、十九烷二酸(nonadecanedioic acid)、二十烷二酸(eicosandioic acid)、日本蠟酸(japanic acid)、環己烷二羧酸(cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid)、苯基二氫茚二羧酸(phenylindane dicarboxylic acid)、亞苯基二氧二乙酸(phenylenedioxydiacetic acid)、具有36或44C-原子之二聚脂肪酸(dimerised fatty acid)、異苯二甲酸(isophthalic acid)、對苯二甲酸
(terephthalic acid)和萘二羧酸(naphthalene dicarboxylic acid)所組成之群組。
較佳地,該至少一內醯胺或該至少一ω-胺基酸係選自由各種具有4至15C原子之內醯胺與各種具有4至15C原子之ω-胺基酸所組成之群組。
特別較佳地,該至少一二胺係選自由己二胺(hexamethylene diamine)、1,6-二胺基-2,2,4-三甲基己烷(1,6-diamino-2,2,4-trimethylhexane)、1,6-二胺基-2,4,4-三甲基己烷(1,6-diamino-2,4,4-trimethylhexane)、2-甲基-1,5-戊烷二胺(2-methyl-1,5-pentane diamine)、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷(3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane)、雙(對胺基環己基)甲烷(bis(p-aminocyclohexyl)methane)、3,3'-二乙基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷(3,3'-diethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane)、3,5,3',5'-四甲基-4,4'-二胺基二環己基甲烷(3,5,3',5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane)、2,2-雙(對胺基二環己基)丙烷(2,2-bis(p-aminodicyclohexyl)propane)、異佛爾酮二胺(isophorone diamine)、降莰烷二胺(norbornane diamine)、間二甲苯撐基二胺(m-xylylene diamine)、對二甲苯撐基二胺(p-xylylene diamine)與1,3-雙(胺甲基)環己烷(1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane)所組成之群組。
特別較佳地,該至少一二羧酸係選自由1,6-己二酸(1,6-hexanedioic diacid)、1,9-壬二酸(1,9-nonanedioic acid)、1,10-癸二酸(1,10-decanedioic acid)、1,12-十二烷二酸(1,12-dodecanedioic acid)、1,13-十三烷二酸(1,13-tridecanedioic acid)、1,14-十四烷二酸(1,14-tetradecanedioic acid)、1,15-十五烷二酸(1,15-pentadecanedioic acid)、1,16-十六烷二酸(1,16-hexadecanedioic acid)、1,18-十八烷二酸(1,18-octadecanedioic acid)、
1,3-環己烷二羧酸(1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid)、1,4-環己烷二羧酸(1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid)、苯基二氫茚二羧酸(phenylindane dicarboxylic acid)、1,4-亞苯基二氧二乙酸(1,4-phenylene dioxydiacetic acid)、1,3-亞苯基二氧二乙酸(1,3-phenylene dioxydiacetic acid)、具有36或44C原子之二聚脂肪酸(dimer fatty acid)、異苯二甲酸(isophthalic acid)、對苯二甲酸(terephthalic acid)和2,6-萘二羧酸(2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid)所組成之群組。
各種特別較佳之內醯胺係各種具有4、6、7、8、11或12C原子之內醯胺或ω-胺基酸,其係選自由吡咯啶-2-酮(pyrrolidin-2-one)(4C原子)、ε-己內醯胺(ε-caprolactam)(6C原子)、庚內醯胺(oenanthlactam)(7C原子)、辛內醯胺(capryllactam)(8C原子),月桂內醯胺(laurinlactam)(12C原子)、4-胺基丁酸(4-aminobutanoic acid)、6-胺基己酸(6-aminohexanoic acid)、7-胺基庚酸(7-aminoheptanoic acid)、8-胺基辛酸(8-aminooctanoic acid)、11-胺基十一酸(11-aminoundecanoic acid)和12-胺基十二酸(12-aminododecanoic acid)所組成之群組。
非常特別較佳地,該些內醯胺或ω-胺基酸係選自由ε-己內醯胺(ε-caprolactam)(6C原子)、月桂內醯胺(laurinlactam)(12C原子)、6-胺基己酸(6-aminohexanoic acid)和12-胺基十二酸(12-aminododecanoic acid)所組成之群組。
較佳地,該非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺係由至少一二胺與至少一二羧酸所形成,以及可能由至少一內醯胺與/或至少一ω-胺基酸所形成,而且包含至少一脂環族二胺(cycloaliphatic diamine)或至少一具有一芳香族結
構成分之脂肪族二胺(aliphatic diamine)或至少一芳香族二羧酸。
較佳地,該至少一脂環族二胺或該至少一具有一芳香族結構成分之脂肪族二胺(aliphatic diamine)係選自由雙(胺基環己基)甲烷(bis(aminocyclohexyl)methane)與其各種烷基衍生物、雙(胺基環己基)丙烷(bis(aminocyclohexyl)propane)與其各種烷基衍生物、異佛爾酮二胺(isophorone diamine)、降莰烷二胺(norbornane diamine)、雙(胺甲基)降莰烷(bis(aminomethyl)norbornane)、二甲苯撐基二胺(xylylene diamine)、環己烷二胺(cyclohexane diamine)、雙(胺甲基)環己烷(bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane)與其各種烷基衍生物所組成之群組。
特別地,如果該些非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺係選自由PA 6I、PA 6I/6T、PA 6I/6T/6N、PA MXDI/6I、PA MXDI/MXDT/6I/6T、PA MXDI/12I、PA MXDI、PA MXDI/MXD6、PA MACM10、PA MACM12、PA MACM14、PA MACM18、PA NDT/INDT、PA TMDC10、PA TMDC12、PA TMDC14、PA TMDC18、PA PACM12、PA PACM14、PA PACM18、PA PACM10/11、PA PACM10/12、PA PACM12/612、PA PACM12/PACM14/612/614、PA MACMI/12、PA MACMT/12、PA MACMI/MACM12、PA MACMI/MACMN、PA MACMT/MACM12、PA MACMT/MACMN、PA MACM36、PA TMDC36、PA MACMI/MACM36、PA 6I/MACMI/12、PA MACMT/MACM36、PA MACMI/MACMT/12、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/12、PA MACM6/11、PA MACM6/12、PA MACM10/11、PA MACM10/12、PA MACM10/1010、PA MACM12/1012、PA MACM12/1212、PA MACM14/1014、PA
MACM14/1214、PA MACM18/1018、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/MACM12/612、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/MACM12、PA MACMI/MACMT/MACM12/12、PA MACMI/MACMT/MACM12、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/12、PA 6I/6T/6N/MACMI/MACMT/MACMN、PA TMDC12/TMDCT/TMDC36、PA TMDC12/TMDCI、PA TMDC12/TMDCI/TMDC36及PA TMDC12/TMDCT和其各種混合物或共聚合物所組成之群組,較佳。相對於莫耳100%之全部該些單體之莫耳比率之總和,該MACM能以PACM與/或TMDC取代達至多莫耳35%,且/或該月桂內醯胺(laurinlactam)能被己內醯胺(caprolactam)全部或部分取代。
相對於莫耳100%之全部該些單體之莫耳比率之總和,關於該萘二羧酸(naphthalene dicarboxylic acid)之含量,其較佳數量為至多莫耳10%。
相對於莫耳100%之全部該些單體之莫耳比率之總和,該非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺之該內醯胺及/或ω-胺基酸之含量係莫耳0至40%,較佳係莫耳0至35%。
特別較佳地,該非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺係選自由PA 6I/6T、PA MXDI/6I、PA MXDI/MXD6、PA MACM10、PA MACM12、PA MACM14、PA MACM18、PA MACM36、PA TMDC10、PA TMDC12、PA TMDC14、PA TMDC18、PA PACM12、PA PACM14、PA PACM18、PA NDT/INDT、PA PACM10/11、PA PACM10/12、PA PACM12/612、PA PACM12/PACM14/612/614、PA MACMI/12、PA MACMT/12、PA
MACMI/MACM12、PA MACMT/MACM12、PA MACMI/MACMT/12、PA MACMI/MACMT/MACM12/12、PA MACMI/MACMT/MACM12、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/12、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/MACM12/12、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/MACM12、PA MACM6/11、PA MACM6/12、PA MACM10/11、PA MACM10/12、PA MACM10/1010、PA MACM12/1012、PA MACM12/1212、PA MACM14/1014、PA MACM14/1214、PA MACM10/PACM10、PA MACM12/PACM12、PA MACM14/PACM14、PA MACM18/PACM18、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/PACMI/PACMT/12、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/MACM12/PACMI/PACMT/PACM12和其各種混合物或共聚合物所組成之群組。
非常特別較佳地,該非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺係選自由PA MXDI/6I、PA MXDI/MXD6、PA MACM10、PA MACM12、PA MACM14、PA MACM18、PA TMDC10、PA TMDC12、PA PACM12、PA PACM14、PA PACM18、PA NDT/INDT、PA PACM12/612、PA PACM12/PACM14/612/614、PA MACMI/12、PA MACMT/12、PA MACMI/MACM12、PA MACMI/MACMT/12、PA MACMI/MACMT/MACM12、PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/12、PA MACM10/1010、PA MACM12/1012、PA MACM12/1212、PA MACM14/1014、PA MACM14/1214、PA MACM10/PACM10、PA MACM12/PACM12、PA MACM14/PACM14、PA MACM18/PACM18和PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/PACMI/PACMT/12所組成之群組。
在PA MXDI/6I中,1,6-己二胺(1,6-hexane diamine)之比率較佳為莫耳15至40%,特別較佳為莫耳20至35%,全部該些單體之莫耳比率之總和得莫耳100%。特別較佳地,該PA MXDI/6I具有莫耳比率46/54。
在PA PACM12/612中,1,6-己二胺之比率較佳為莫耳2至24%,特別較佳為莫耳6至15%,全部該些單體之莫耳比率之總和得莫耳100%。
在PA PACM12/PACM14/612/614中,1,6-己二胺之比率較佳為莫耳2至24%,特別較佳為莫耳6至15%,全部該些單體之莫耳比率之總和得莫耳100%。在PA PACM12/PACM14/612/614中,1,14-十四烷二酸之比率較佳為莫耳2至24%,特別較佳為莫耳6至15%,全部該些單體之全部莫耳比率之總和得莫耳100%。
在該PA MACMI/12中,其較佳具有月桂內醯胺之比率為莫耳15至50%,全部該些單體之全部該些莫耳比率之總和得莫耳100%。特別較佳地,PA MACMI/12具有一月桂內醯胺之比率為莫耳20至40%,特別較佳地,PA MACMI/12具有一月桂內醯胺之比率為莫耳19%或莫耳35%。
在該PA MACMI/MACMT/12中,其具有一異苯二甲酸對對苯二甲酸之等莫耳比率,及一較佳月桂內醯胺之比率為莫耳15至40%,全部該些單體之全部該莫耳比率之總和得莫耳100%。特別較佳地,該PA MACMI/MACMT/12具有一異苯二甲酸對對苯二甲酸之等莫耳比率,及一月桂內醯胺之比率為莫耳20至30%,特別較佳地,該PA MACMI/MACMT/12具有莫耳比率38/38/24。
在該PA MACMI/MACMT/MACM12中,其具有一異苯二甲
酸對對苯二甲酸之等莫耳比率,及一較佳十二烷二酸之比率為莫耳30至60%,全部該些單體之全部莫耳比率之總和得莫耳100%。特別較佳地,該PA MACMI/MACMT/MACM12具有一異苯二甲酸對對苯二甲酸之等莫耳比率,及一十二烷二酸之比率為莫耳40至50%。特別較佳地,該PA MACMI/MACMT/MACM12具有該莫耳比率27/27/46。
在該PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/12中,其較佳具有一異苯二甲酸對對苯二甲酸之等莫耳比率,及一月桂內醯胺之比率為莫耳1至25%,全部該些單體之全部莫耳比率之總和得莫耳100%。特別較佳地,該PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/12具有一異苯二甲酸對對苯二甲酸之等莫耳比率,及一較佳月桂內醯胺之比率為莫耳2至15%,特別較佳地,該PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/12具有莫耳比率34/34/14/14/4。
在PA MACM10/1010、PA MACM12/1012、PA MACM12/1212、PA MACM14/1014、PA MACM14/1214中,直線脂肪族二胺之比率較佳為莫耳5至45%,特別較佳為莫耳8至27%,非常特別較佳為莫耳10至22%,全部該些單體之全部莫耳比率之總和得莫耳100%。
在PA MACM10/PACM10、PA MACM12/PACM12、PA MACM14/PACM14或PA MACM18/PACM18中,PACM之比率較佳為莫耳1至35%,特別較佳為莫耳2至25%,全部該些單體之莫耳比率之總和得莫耳100%。
在該PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/PACMI/PACMT/12中,其較佳具有一異苯二甲酸對對苯二甲酸之等莫耳比率,及一月桂內醯胺(laurinlactam)之比率為莫耳1至25%,全部該些單體之莫耳比率之總和得莫
耳100%。特別較佳地,該PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/PACMI/PACMT/12具有一異苯二甲酸對對苯二甲酸之等莫耳比率,及一月桂內醯胺之比率為莫耳2至15%,特別較佳地,該PA 6I/6T/MACMI/MACMT/PACMI/PACMT/12具有一異苯二甲酸對對苯二甲酸之等莫耳比率、一PACM之比率為莫耳2至7%與一月桂內醯胺之比率為莫耳2至7%。
依據ASTM D 1003,在一些2mm厚之平板(在高光澤度模中製造)上測量,該聚醯胺顆粒呈現一光透過度至少75%,較佳至少83%,特別較佳至少88%,而且也非常特別較佳至少90%。
在各種非晶形或微晶形且至少一部分結晶之脂肪族聚醯胺混合物中,該部分結晶之脂肪族聚醯胺之比率為2至40重量%,較佳為3至30重量%,特別較佳為10至20重量%。
作為該些非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺之混合物成分,該至少一部分結晶之脂肪族聚醯胺較佳係選自由PA 6、PA 46、PA 49、PA 410、PA 411、PA 412、PA 413、PA 414、PA 415、PA 416、PA 418、PA 436、PA 66、PA 69、PA 610、PA 611、PA 612、PA 613、PA 614、PA 615、PA 616、PA 617、PA 618、PA 1010、PA 66/6、PA 6/66/12、PA 6/12、PA 11、PA 12、PA 912、PA 1212、PA MXD6、PA MXD9、PA MXD10、PA MXD11、PA MXD12、PA MXD13、PA MXD14、PA MXD15、PA MXD16、PA MXD17、PA MXD18、PA MXD36、PA PACM9、PA PACM10、PA PACM11、PA PACM12、PA PACM13、PA PACM14、PA PACM15、PA PACM16、PA PACM17、PA PACM18、PA PACM36、各種聚醚醯胺(polyether amides)、各種聚醚酯醯胺(polyether ester amides)、聚酯醯胺(polyester amides)和其各種混合物或共聚合物所組成之群
組。
特別較佳地,該部分結晶之脂肪族聚醯胺係選自由PA 6、PA 69、PA 610、PA 612、PA 614、PA 1010、PA 1212、PA 6/66/12、PA 6/66、PA 6/12、PA 11、PA 12、各種聚醚醯胺(polyether amides)和各種聚醚酯醯胺(polyether ester amides)所組成之群組。
在各種非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺及至少一衝擊改性劑之混合物中,該衝擊改性劑之比率為2至14重量%,較佳為4至12重量%。
作為用於該些非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺之混合物成分,該至少一衝擊改性劑係較佳選自由各種丙烯酸酯共聚合物(acrylate copolymers)、丙烯酸共聚合物(acrylic acid copolymers)、乙酸乙烯酯共聚合物(vinyl-acetate-copolymers)、苯乙烯共聚合物(styrene copolymers)、苯乙烯嵌段共聚合物(styrene block copolymers)、核-殼衝擊改性劑(core-shell impact modifiers)和其各種混合物所組成之群組。
特別較佳地,該衝擊改性劑係選自由各種乙烯-甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯共聚合物(ethylene-glycidylmethacrylate copolymers)、乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚合物(ethylene-acrylate copolymers)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚合物(styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymers,SBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚合物(styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer,SEBS)、甲基丙烯酸酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯核殼衝擊改性劑(methacrylate-butadiene-styrene core-shell impact modifiers)和其各種混合物所組成之群組。
以各種不飽和羧酸(unsaturated carboxylic acids)、不飽和羧
酸衍生物和/或不飽和縮水甘油基化合物(glycidyl compounds),藉由共聚合作用或藉由接枝反應,較佳地將該至少一衝擊改性劑官能基化。
在20℃測量0.5g在100ml間甲酚(m-cresol)中,該些非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺之相對黏度(relative viscosity,RV),較佳為1.35至2.15,較佳為1.40至1.85,特別較佳為1.45至1.75。
在20℃測量0.5g在100ml間甲酚(m-cresol)中,該些部分結晶之脂肪族聚醯胺之相對黏度(relative viscosity,RV),較佳為1.40至2.15,較佳為1.45至2.0,特別較佳為1.50至1.90。
另外,該些聚醯胺顆粒能包含更多添加劑,特別選自由各種縮合觸媒(condensation catalysts)、鏈調節劑(chain regulators)、消泡劑(defoamers)、無機安定劑(inorganic stabilisers)、有機安定劑(organic stabilisers)、潤滑劑(lubricants)、色料(colourants)、標記工具(marking means)、顏料(pigments)、色料、成核劑(nucleation agents)、結晶抑制劑(crystallisation retarders)、抗靜電劑(antistatic agents)、脫模劑(mould-release agents)、光亮劑(optical brighteners)、天然層矽酸鹽(natural layer silicates)、合成層矽酸鹽(synthetic layer silicates)及其各種混合物所組成之群組。
舉例來說,可以將各種抗氧化劑(antioxidants)、抗臭氧劑(antiozonants)、光防護工具(light-protection means)、UV安定劑(UV stabilisers)、UV吸收劑(UV absorbers)或UV阻斷劑(UV blockers)作為各種安定劑或老化防護劑(age-protecting agents),使用於該些非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺中。
舉例來說,相對於該全部聚醯胺模製化合物,該些更進一步
之添加劑能被包含之數量為0.01至6重量%。
依據本發明,同樣地提供一種用於一些聚醯胺顆粒之儲存與運輸之容器,該些顆粒包含至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺。除了該聚醯胺顆粒之外,此容器另外包含至少一氧氣吸收劑,以避免或減少由該顆粒所製造各種模製物之黃化。
該容器具有一與氧氣及濕氣有關之障礙效應,即該容器基本上係氣體與濕氣無法穿透,且較佳地選自由各種麻袋、袋、大袋、盒、八角箱、大桶、提桶、罐與金屬容器所組成之群組。該容器較佳地具有一聚醯胺顆粒之容積為1至1000kg,特別較佳為5至700kg,非常特佳為15至200kg,特別地為18至28kg。
藉著該與氧氣有關之障礙效應,基本上防止額外氧氣從周圍空氣穿透進入該容器,為此目的,該容器包含至少一障礙層,其係特別選自由金屬、鋁、各種乙烯-乙烯醇共聚合物(EVOH)、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)與其各種組合所組成之群組。
同樣地,為了對抗濕氣之穿透,該容器包含一障礙層,其係特別選自由金屬、鋁、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚烯類(polyolefins)、聚乙烯(polyethylene)與其各種組合所組成之群組。
根據用來形成該障礙層之材料,其能有效地對抗氧氣之穿透與濕氣之穿透二者。
關於各種麻袋,舉例而言,一種積層物具有一PE/PE/Alu/PE/PE結構,且使用100/25/7/25/100μm之層厚度。
各種大袋、盒與八角箱亦包含一些內襯(inliners),其提供該
與氧氣及濕氣有關之障礙效應。各種大桶、提桶、罐與金屬容器,如果其本身非由金屬所製造,能包括一些內襯,提供該與氧氣及濕氣有關之障礙效應。
特別較佳地,藉由一或多層鋁,以確保該障礙效應。因此,該個別鋁層之厚度為4至15μm。
各種內襯係以一或多層之各種箔,經製造或經擠壓成形或經積層而得之各種殼層。以具有各種內襯之一些包裝來說,因為機械強度已經由外部之包裝,例如盒、八角箱、大桶,確定了,所以與用於各種麻袋與袋本身之各種箔相比,用於各種內襯之該些箔能被更簡單地建造。
各種麻袋或袋能包含不具一與氧氣有關之障礙效應之單層或多層內襯,以改善該包裝之各種機械性能,特別是強度或耐刺穿性。
關於將該氧氣吸收劑放置於該包裝中之方法,沒有任何限制,僅必須確認該氧氣吸收劑未與該聚醯胺顆粒一起受到處理。舉例來說,如果該氧氣吸收劑以各種密封小袋之形式被添加到該聚醯胺顆粒,藉由在該包裝之外部上之警告,便能以此發揮作用。特別地,如果使用數密封小袋,這些密封小袋能被組合在一網子或籠子中,以在處理該顆粒處理前更容易移除。舉例來說,利用膠合、夾緊或縫合,亦能將各種密封小袋、網子或籠子固定於該包裝之內部,與殘留之空氣接觸。在一較佳實施例中,為了更容易固定,各種密封小袋、網子或籠子裝備有一凸出物,例如一細繩或標籤。舉例來說,在封閉該麻袋、袋或內襯時,藉由此凸出物之手段,能將該氧氣吸收劑固定於封閉縫合處。
該氧氣吸收劑亦能被結合於該包裝之最內數層之一層中。該
些層位於該聚醯胺顆粒與具有該氧氣吸收劑之層間,其需為氧氣可滲透。較佳地,該氧氣吸收劑被結合於最內層或第二最內層。如此該氧氣吸收劑較佳地為一可氧化金屬粉末或一可氧化聚合物。
如果該氧氣吸收劑涉及一可氧化聚合物,其能形成該包裝之最內數層之一層,較佳為該最內層或第二最內層。如果該可氧化聚合物涉及一聚醯胺,其較佳地被結合於該最內層或第二最內層或此層係由其製成。特別較佳地,該第二最內層係由聚醯胺所製成。
依據本發明,同樣地提供一聚醯胺顆粒,其係依據前述之方法儲存或運輸。依此方法,一聚醯胺顆粒被儲存於60℃、六週,其在進一步處理形成2mm厚之平板後,顯示一黃色指標(yellow index),其為至少0.2,較佳至少0.7,特別較佳至少1.3,非常特別較佳至少1.8,低於在其他方面相同條件下,一相同地被製造之2mm厚之平板之黃色指標,該平板之儲存或運輸沒有添加一氧氣吸收劑。
依據本發明,同樣地提供一些模製物,其係由前述之聚醯胺顆粒所製造。
儲存試驗之實施
關於儲存,使用一些35cm x 53.5cm之大袋[供應商:凡可貝克H.布確格AG(Vacopack H.Buchegger AG),瑞士],其係由一PET/鋁/PE積層物所製成,具有12/9/100μm之層厚度,並以一無溶劑之2成分接著劑來積層。
未經儲存之聚醯胺顆粒經射出模製,以形成許多60 x 60 x 2mm之平板,該些平板之該黃色指標為在0小時(h)儲存之黃色指標,以在5
片平板上量測之算數平均值來描述。
將該聚醯胺顆粒2kg秤量到該袋中,在儲存試驗之後,分別地在該袋中裝入或不裝入一氧氣吸收劑O1或O2之密封小袋。在該袋中,將過量殘留空氣擠壓出該袋,在填充限制(filling limit)上方,將該袋熔接成空氣無法直接滲透。在該熔接之前,該擠壓該袋之結果,殘留空氣僅位於該些個別顆粒之間。
於一60℃乾燥爐中,分別將一具有與不具有氧氣吸收劑密封小袋之袋儲存二、四或六週。儲存後,將該些袋打開,將該聚醯胺顆粒射出模製成一些60 x 60 x 2mm平板,並且測量該些平板之黃色指標,以在5片平板上之該些測量之算數平均值描述。
殘留空氣數量之計算
殘留空氣之數量係由該聚醯胺顆粒之該些含量、密度與堆積密度(bulk density)計算,且實際上依據公式(I):(I)殘留空氣之毫升數(ml)=(含量(g)/堆積密度(g/ml))-(含量(g)/密度(g/ml))
就各種不可壓縮之容器來說,該容器之未使用容積,其當然存留在該聚醯胺顆粒上方,必須在計算殘留空氣之數量時,列入考慮。
該些60 x 60 x 2mm平板之製造
該些平板係在阿伯格(Arburg)公司之一射出模製機,型號Allrounder 420 C 1000-250上製造。使用缸體溫度(Cylinder temperatures)從260℃升高至300℃,模溫為80至100℃。
在乾燥狀態中使用該些平板;為了此目的,在該射出模製之
後,該些平板在室溫下被儲存於一乾燥環境(即在矽膠上)中至少48小時。
在本申請案之範圍內,使用下列測量方法:
相對黏度
ISO 307
顆粒
0.5g在100ml之間甲酚中
溫度20℃
該相對黏度(RV)之計算係依據RV=t/t0在該標準之第11節之後。
玻璃轉換溫度(Tg),熔化熱與熔點:
ISO 11357
顆粒
微差掃描熱分析儀以一20K/分之加熱與冷卻速率來執行。以波峰最大值之溫度來指為熔點。依據「半-步-高」法(“half-step-height” method)來測定玻璃轉換範圍之平均值,其被指為玻璃轉換溫度(Tg)。
黃色指標
ASTM E313
60 x 60 x 2mm之平板
溫度23℃
為了更詳細地解釋本發明之標的,請參考下列一些實例,但不限制該標的於此處所呈現之該些特定實施例。
在表1中,列舉使用於該些實例與一些比較實例之各種材料
**使用掃描電子顯微鏡(scanning electron microscopy)測定
表2顯示在60℃之溫度下,以不同儲存期間,比較由聚醯胺A1所製成之顆粒之黃色指標。因此,比較儲存於依據本發明之該容器中之顆粒與在儲存期間沒有使用氧氣吸收劑之容器中之相同顆粒。
表3顯示在60℃之溫度下,以不同儲存期間,由聚醯胺A2所製成之顆粒之黃色指標。因此,比較儲存於依據本發明之該容器中之顆粒與在儲存期間沒有使用氧氣吸收劑之容器中之相同顆粒。
表4顯示在60℃之溫度下,以不同儲存期間,由聚醯胺A3所製成之顆粒之黃色指標。因此,比較儲存於依據本發明該容器中之顆粒與在儲存期間沒有使用氧氣吸收劑之容器中之相同顆粒。
對具有微晶形聚醯胺顆粒A3(PA MACM12/PACM12莫耳比率30:70)之實例E6來說,殘留空氣之數量係依據公式(I),由該含量(2,000g)、在1,116ml該聚醯胺顆粒A3之該堆積密度(0.650g/ml)與該密度(1.02g/ml)來計算。因此,在實例E6中,每升之殘留空氣使用49.7毫莫耳之鐵,當作氧氣吸收劑。
表5顯示在60℃之溫度下,以不同儲存期間,由聚醯胺A4所製成之顆粒之黃色指標。因此,比較儲存於依據本發明之該容器中之顆粒與在儲存期間沒有使用氧氣吸收劑之容器中之相同顆粒。
表6顯示在60℃之溫度下,以不同儲存期間,由聚醯胺A5所製成之顆粒之黃色指標。因此,比較儲存於依據本發明之該容器中之顆粒與在儲存期間沒有使用氧氣吸收劑之容器中之相同顆粒。
對具有該非晶形聚醯胺顆粒A5(PA MACMI/12莫耳比率65:35)之實例E10與E11來說,殘留空氣之數量係在1214ml依據公式(I)來計算。因此,在實例E10中,每升之殘留空氣使用45.7毫莫耳之鐵,當作氧氣吸收劑,對照在實例E11中,使用94.4毫莫耳之鐵。因此將實例E10與E11之
數值相比,證實了使用增加氧氣吸收劑數量之優點。
表7顯示在60℃之溫度下,以不同儲存期間,由聚醯胺A6所製成之顆粒之黃色指標。因此,比較儲存於依據本發明之該容器中之顆粒與在儲存期間沒有使用氧氣吸收劑之容器中之相同顆粒。
表2至7顯示,不論經儲存之非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺顆粒為何,藉由一以鐵粉為基礎之氧氣吸收劑(O1或O2)之添加,可降低由該經儲存聚醯胺顆粒之該些平板之黃色指標,對全部儲存期間(2、4或6週)而言,確立此正面之作用。
表7與8證實,比較實例E10與E11或E13與E14之數值,因為O2比O1包含更多鐵粉,所以該優點在增加使用一氧氣吸收劑之增大數量。
Claims (17)
- 一種用於聚醯胺顆粒之儲存與運輸之方法,包括至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺,同時避免或減少由該顆粒所製造模製物之黃化,在該方法中,將該聚醯胺顆粒儲存於一容器中,該容器具有一與氧氣及濕氣有關之障礙效應,將至少一氧氣吸收劑置於該容器中,並且在該容器中產生一本質上無氧之氣氛。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之方法,其特徵為,該氧氣吸收劑包括至少一可氧化金屬化合物,其選自各種可氧化金屬粉末、可氧化金屬氧化物、可氧化金屬鹽或其各種混合物之群組,在該容器中,該可氧化金屬化合物之數量係較佳在該容器中每升殘留體積20至400毫莫耳(mmol)之範圍內。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項所述之方法,其特徵為,將該氧氣吸收劑填充於一些密封小袋中,該些密封小袋較佳由氧可滲透材料所組成,特別由紙、聚烯烴、材料、濾紙、各種紡織薄膜、一些具有許多孔洞或微孔洞之材料或其各種組合所製成。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項所述之方法,其特徵為,該氧氣吸收劑係一可氧化有機或無機化合物或一酵素。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項所述之方法,其特徵為,該氧氣吸收劑係一可氧化聚合物,該可氧化聚合物係較佳地被設置為該容器中最內聚合物層之一層或係被併入該容器之最內聚合物層之一層。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項所述之方法,其特徵為,該容器包含至少一障礙層,其係特別地選自由金屬、鋁、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚合物 (ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers,EVOH)、聚偏二氯乙烯(polyvinylidene chloride,PVDC)、聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)、聚烯烴(polyolefin)、聚乙烯(polyethylene)與其各種組合所組成之群組。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項所述之方法,其特徵為,該非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺係由至少一二胺與至少一二羧酸,以及可能由至少一內醯胺所形成。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項所述之方法,其特徵為,該非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺係由至少一二胺與至少一二羧酸,以及可能由至少一內醯胺所形成,而且包含至少一脂環族二胺(cycloaliphatic diamine)或至少一具有一芳香族結構成分之脂肪族二胺(aliphatic diamine),或至少一芳香族二羧酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其特徵為,該至少一脂環族二胺或該至少一具有一芳香族結構成分之脂肪族二胺,係選自由雙(胺基環己基)甲烷(bis(aminocyclohexyl)methane)與其各種烷基衍生物、雙(胺基環己基)丙烷(bis(aminocyclohexyl)propane)與其各種烷基衍生物、異佛爾酮二胺(isophorone diamine)、降莰烷二胺(norbornane diamine)、雙(胺甲基)降莰烷(bis(aminomethyl)norbornane)、二甲苯撐基二胺(xylylene diamine)、環己烷二胺(cyclohexane diamine)、雙(胺甲基)環己烷(bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane)與其各種烷基衍生物所組成之群組。
- 如前述申請專利範圍中任一項所述之方法,其特徵為,該聚醯胺顆粒包含至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺,或至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺與至少一部分結晶聚醯胺及/或與至少一衝擊改性劑之各種混合物。
- 一種用於聚醯胺顆粒之儲存與運輸之容器,包括至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺,同時避免或減少由該顆粒所製造模製物之黃化,除了該聚醯胺顆粒之外,另容納至少一氧氣吸收劑於該容器中。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之容器,其特徵為,該容器係選自由各種麻袋、袋、大袋、盒、八角箱、大桶、提桶、罐與金屬容器所組成之群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項或第12項中任一項所述之容器,其特徵為,該容器具有一與氧氣及濕氣有關之障礙效應,其因此本質上防止額外之氧氣與濕氣從周圍空氣穿透進入該容器,該容器包括至少一障礙層,其係特別選自由金屬、鋁、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚合物(EVOH)、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚烯烴、聚乙烯與其各種組合所組成之群組。
- 一種聚醯胺顆粒,其係依申請專利範圍第1項至第10項中任一項所述之方法儲存或運輸,其特徵為,一些由聚醯胺顆粒所製成且使用氧氣吸收劑在60℃儲存6週之2mm厚平板,其黃色指標比一些由聚醯胺顆粒所製成且儲存於相同條件下而不使用氧氣吸收劑之2mm厚平板之黃色指標至少低0.2。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之聚醯胺顆粒,其特徵為,該非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺係由至少一二胺與至少一二羧酸,以及可能由至少一內醯胺與/或至少一ω-胺基酸所形成。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項或第15項中任一項所述之聚醯胺顆粒,其特徵為,該聚醯胺顆粒包含至少一非晶形或微晶形聚醯胺之各種混合物,其具有2至40重量%之至少一部分結晶之脂肪族聚醯胺,且/或具有2至14重量%之至少一衝擊改性劑。
- 一種模製物,係由如申請專利範圍第14項至第16項中任一項所述之聚醯胺顆粒所製成。
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EP3369761B1 (de) | 2017-03-03 | 2022-06-01 | Ems-Chemie Ag | Copolyamide enthaltend dimere fettsäure als monomer |
EP3369760B1 (de) | 2017-03-03 | 2023-05-10 | Ems-Chemie Ag | Mikrowellenbeständige formkörper |
EP3392290B8 (de) | 2017-04-18 | 2020-11-11 | Ems-Chemie Ag | Polyamidformmasse und daraus hergestellter formkörper |
EP3444113B1 (de) | 2017-08-18 | 2021-01-20 | Ems-Chemie Ag | Verstärkte polyamid-formmassen mit geringem haze und formkörper daraus |
EP3444112B1 (de) | 2017-08-18 | 2020-12-23 | Ems-Chemie Ag | Verstärkte polyamid-formmassen mit geringem haze und formkörper daraus |
EP3444114B1 (de) | 2017-08-18 | 2023-10-25 | Ems-Chemie Ag | Verstärkte polyamid-formmassen mit geringem haze und formkörper daraus |
EP3450481B1 (de) | 2017-08-31 | 2020-10-21 | Ems-Chemie Ag | Polyamid-formmasse mit hohem glanz und hoher kerbschlagzähigkeit |
-
2015
- 2015-12-23 EP EP15202255.4A patent/EP3184577A1/de active Pending
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2016
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- 2016-12-15 JP JP2016243214A patent/JP6802704B2/ja active Active
- 2016-12-20 US US15/385,432 patent/US10899527B2/en active Active
- 2016-12-20 KR KR1020160174981A patent/KR20170075653A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2016-12-20 BR BR102016030013A patent/BR102016030013B8/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2016-12-22 CN CN201611198630.XA patent/CN107048145A/zh active Pending
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US20170183140A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
BR102016030013A2 (pt) | 2017-11-21 |
BR102016030013B1 (pt) | 2021-10-13 |
CN107048145A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
US10899527B2 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
BR102016030013B8 (pt) | 2021-11-03 |
JP2017149482A (ja) | 2017-08-31 |
TWI688531B (zh) | 2020-03-21 |
JP6802704B2 (ja) | 2020-12-16 |
EP3184577A1 (de) | 2017-06-28 |
KR20170075653A (ko) | 2017-07-03 |
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