TW201012755A - Synthetic rock and aggregate, and methods of making and using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Compositions comprising synthetic rock, eg., aggregate, and methods of producing and using them are provided. The rock, eg., aggregate, contains CO2 and/or other components of an industrial waste stream. The CO2 may be in the form of divalent cation carbonates, e.g., magnesium and calcium carbonates. Aspects of the invention include contacting a CO2 containing gaseous stream with a water to dissolve CO2, and placing the water under precipitation conditions sufficient to produce a carbonate containing precipitate product, eg., a divalent cation carbonate.

Description

。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 61/056,972, filed on May 29, 2008, which is hereby incorporated by reference, in The right (hereby incorporated by reference). This application also claims US Provisional Application No. 61/101626 [Attorney's File Number CLRA-012PRV2]; Application No. 61/101629 [Attorney's File Number CLRA-014PRV2]; Application No. 61/101631 [Agency] Person file number CLRA-016PRV]; application No. 61/073319 [agent file number CLRA-007PRV]; application number 61/081299 [agent file number CLRA-010PRV]; application number 61/117541 [ Agent file number CLRA-014PRV3]; Application No. 61/107645 [Agent File Number CLRA-017PRV]; Application No. 61/149633 [Agent File Number CLRA-020PRV]; and Application No. 61/158992 No. [Agency File Number CLRA-026PRV]; and the application "Compositions and Methods Using Substances with Negative 313C Values", which was filed on May 26, 2009. Application No. 61/181,250, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. 201012755 [Technical field to which the invention pertains] A composition comprising synthetic rock, such as aggregates, and methods of making and using the same. The rock, such as aggregates, contains other components of the co2 and/or industrial waste stream. The co2 may be in the form of a divalent cationic carbonate such as a carbonate of magnesium and calcium. Aspects of the invention include contacting a gas stream containing co2 with water to dissolve C〇2 and placing the water under precipitation conditions sufficient to produce a carbonate-containing sink product, such as divalent cation carbonate. [Prior Art] Background Carbon dioxide (C〇2) emissions have been identified as a major contributor to global warming and ocean acidification. Co2 is a by-product of combustion and it creates operational, economic and environmental problems. It is expected that increasing the atmospheric concentration of C〇2&amp; other greenhouse gases will cause large amounts of heat to be stored in the atmosphere resulting in higher surface temperatures and rapid climate change. The impact of climate change will likely be costly and hazardous to the soil. Reducing the potential dangers of climate change will require sequestration of the atmosphere c〇2. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method of providing sweet σ carbon monoxide in an aggregate is provided. The inventive package 5 201012755 includes contacting the co2 containing gas stream with water containing an alkaline earth metal ion under precipitation conditions sufficient to produce a carbonate containing precipitated product. Aggregates are then prepared from the resulting carbonate-containing precipitated product. The resulting aggregates have been found to be useful in a variety of different applications, such as the manufacture of stucco and concrete, as well as asphalt and other building materials. The agglomeration system of the present invention is used to clamp C〇2 of the initial C〇2-containing gas stream, for example, by stably storing co2 in a built environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. Introduction II. Composition A. Synthetic Rocks and Aggregates 1. Properties of the Compositions of the Invention 2. Aggregates and Rock Compositions 3. Fabrication of Compositions of the Invention B. Solidification Compositions C. Structures 1. Buildings and other structures 2. Road and/or road components III. Method A. Methods of making aggregates B. Other methods IV. System V utilities 201012755 The present invention provides synthetic rock, aggregates and structures, structures and Other materials and fabrications found in man-made environments:: Synthetic rocks, aggregates, structures, and JL's man-made material inventions provide the secret and green to guess. 'Green'; in addition, before the present invention is described in more detail, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific details described herein. It should also be understood that the term "speech language" as used herein is used for the purpose of interpreting specific embodiments and is intended to be limited to the scope of the invention. When providing a range of values, the values between the upper and lower limits of the range should be understood (except as otherwise expressly indicated in (4), (4) to the lower limit of the unit) and any other (4) or intervening The values are covered in this issue. The upper and lower limits of such smaller ranges may be independently included in the <RTI ID=0.0> </ RTI> </ RTI> <RTIgt; The range includes one of the limits or

In the meantime, the range of #, or the limits of both, is also included in the present invention. The text herein is given a specific range by the terms of the term, the term "," and "preferred". The term is used herein to provide support for the subsequent precise number and numerical literals that approximate or approximate the number of the term. Where a number is determined to be close to or approximate to a particular number, the number that is close or approximately undescribed may be a number that provides a substantial equivalent of the number specifically described in the context of the present disclosure. All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise indicated in the following paragraphs. The methods and materials described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, but representative methods and materials will now be described. All publications and patents cited in this specification are hereby incorporated by reference. And the smoked cigarettes are incorporated by reference and incorporated herein by reference to disclose The methods and/or materials relating to the published documents cited are described. Any reference to the published documents is the disclosure of the date before the filing of the application and is not to be construed as an admission that the invention is claimed. In addition, the date of publication provided may be the same as the actual date of publication, and the actual date of publication may be subject to individual confirmation. It should be noted that the singular forms used herein, and the scope of the appended claims, Including a plurality of references, unless expressly indicated otherwise in the text. In addition, it should be noted that the scope of the patent application may be drafted to exclude any optional components. As such, this statement is intended to be used in connection with the description of the components of the patent scope. Exclude terms such as "only,,," only, 'and similar words or use, negative" limit the basis of the precedence. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, after reading this disclosure, the specific embodiments of the present invention have different components. It is easy to distinguish with the features of any of the other specific embodiments. Category and spirit. Any method may be performed in the order of the events or in any other order that is logically feasible. 201012755 π·Composition Α·Synthetic rock and aggregates are made in ΙΤΓϊ:: The present invention provides a chemical-free adhesive in the case of wealth management, and the present invention is used for aggregates such as the package 3 for industrial waste gas flow C Group = set:: such as _ fixed isotope composition (often = stone burning

The aggregate of the chemical composition of the material i, the inclusion of the novel ore H has the special nucleus of the complex, the light aggregate and the staring. The invention relates to the composition and structure of the county stone, such as roads and buildings 2 and its artificial structure.

The IUD aggregation system is used herein in a technically acceptable manner to mean the discovery of particulate compositions that can be used in concrete, plaster and other materials such as roadbeds, asphalt and other coalescing; in some (four) remuneration The term "aggregate" also includes the use of fillers, such as fillers for shots, such as fillers in coal mines that replace recorded materials, and the production of storage media, such as storage media for co2 and/or other components of industrial waste gas. (4) The system particle composition 'which can be divided into filaments. The fine aggregation system of the embodiment of the invention is substantially completely passed through the particle composition of No. 4 sieve (ASTM c 125 and ASTM C 33). According to a specific embodiment of the present invention The fine aggregates have an average particle size ranging from 0.001 inch (4) to 〇 25 in, such as 〇〇 5 in to 0.125 m and including o. oiini 〇〇 8 in. The coarse aggregate system of the present invention mostly remains in the No. 4 sieve ( The composition of ASTM C 125 and ASTM C 33). The average particle size of the coarse aggregate system according to a specific embodiment of the present invention ranges from 9 201012755 0.125 in to 6 in, such as 0.187 in to 3.0 in and includes 〇.25in to l.Oin Composition such as this article The "aggregates" used also cover larger sizes, such as 3 in to 12 in or even 3 in to 24 in or more, such as 12 in to 48 in, or greater than 48 in, such as those used in riprap and the like. Properties of the Compositions of the Invention The compositions of the present invention can be made by the synthetic methods described herein which permit greater control over the properties of the composition. Important properties of the composition can include hardness, abrasion resistance, density, porosity. One or more of chemical composition, mineral composition, isotopic composition, size, shape, acidity, testability, derivable vapor content, C〇2 retention, reactivity (or deficiency), such as integrity Described as herein. In some embodiments, one or more of these properties, such as two or more, three or more, or even four or more, or five Or more may be specially designed for the compositions of the invention, such as aggregates. The density of the aggregates of the invention may vary, as long as the aggregates provide the properties for which they will be used, such as the properties required for the building materials in which they are used. Lower '^^ collective particle degree The energy consumption can range from 1.1 to 5 gm/cc, such as from 1.3 gm/cc to 3.15 gm/cc and includes from L8 gm/cc to 27 gm/cc. In a particular embodiment of the invention, other particle densities, such as light accumulation The particle density of the body can range from 1.1 to 2.2 gm/cc, such as from 12 gm/cc to 2.0 gm/cc or from 1.4 gm/cc to 1.8 gm/cc. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides bulk density ( Unit weight) can range from 5〇lb/ft3 to 2〇〇ib/ft3, or 75 lb/ft3 to 175 lb/ft3' or 5〇ib/ft3 to 1〇〇ib/ft3, or 75 lb/ft3 201012755 to 125 lb/ft3, or 90 lb/ft3 to 115 lb/ft3, or 100 lb/ft3 to 200 lb/ft3' or 125 lb/ft3 to 175 lb/ft3, or 140 lb/ft3 to 160 lb/ft3 , or an aggregate of 50 lb/ft3 to 200 lb/ft3. Some embodiments of the present invention provide lightweight aggregates, such as aggregates having a density of from 90 lb/ft3 to 115 lb/ft3. The hardness of the aggregate particles of the composition of the inventive aggregate composition may also be different, and in a specific case, the hardness range represented by the Mohs hardness scale is from 1.0 to 9' such as 1 to 7, including 1 to 6 or 1 to 5 . In certain embodiments, the Mohs hardness range of the aggregates of the invention is 2-5 or 2-4. In some embodiments, the 'Mohs hardness range is 2-6. Other hardness markers can also be used to characterize aggregates, such as Rockwel Buickers or Brinell hardness scales, and values equivalent to their Mohs hardness scales can be used to characterize the aggregates of the present invention. The abrasion resistance of the aggregates is also important 'as for the use of road surfaces'. A high abrasion resistance agglomeration system is suitable for maintaining the surface against polishing. The wear resistance is related to hardness but not the same. The aggregate of the present invention comprises an aggregate having wear resistance similar to natural limestone or a group having abrasion resistance superior to natural limestone and having a grindability as measured by a technically acceptable method such as ASTMC131-03 Lower than the aggregate of natural limestone. In certain embodiments, the aggregates of the present invention have abrasion resistance of less than 50%, or less than 4%, or less than 35%, or less than 30%, as measured by ASTM C131-03, or Below 25°/. , or less than 20%, or less than 15%, or less than 10%. The aggregates of the invention may also have a porosity within a particular range. Such as familiarity 11 201012755 This skilled person will clearly understand that in some cases high-porosity aggregates are required, in other cases medium-porosity aggregates are required, and in other cases aggregates with or without porosity are required. The porosity of the aggregates of certain embodiments of the present invention, as dried after oven drying, followed by complete impregnation for 60 minutes, may be in the range of 1 - 40%, such as 2-20%, or 2-15%, including 2-10% or even 3_9%. The chemical, mineral and/or isotopic composition of the aggregates of the present invention will vary depending upon the method of manufacture, the materials, and the like. In some embodiments, some or all of the carbonate compounds are metastable carbonate complexes from water (e.g., brine), as described in more detail below; in certain embodiments, such metastases The compounds are further processed to provide stable compounds in the aggregates of the invention. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the carbonate compound comprises a sinker crystalline and/or amorphous carbonate compound. Specific carbonate minerals of interest include, but are not limited to, carbonate #5 minerals, magnesium carbonate minerals, and magnesium strontium carbonate minerals. Interested carbonate minerals include (but are not limited to): calcite (Cac〇3), vermiculite (CaC03), hexagonal calcite (CaC03), octahydrate (CaC03»6H20) strontium and amorphous calcium carbonate (CaC) 〇3*nH2〇). Magnesium carbonate minerals of interest include (but are not limited to): magnesite (MgC03), hydrocarbite (MgC03*2H20;), trihydrate (MgC03*3H20), pentahydrate magnesite (MgC03*) 5H20) and amorphous carbonic acid money (MgC〇3*nH2〇). The minerals of the carbonated towns of interest include (but are not limited to): dolomite (CaMgC03), calcium-calcium-magnesium ore (CaMg (C03) 4), and water-carbon Qianma (Ca2Mgu (C〇3) i3*H2〇). In a particular embodiment, a non-carbonated mom compound like brucite Mg(OH)2 may also be formed in combination with the above listed mineral group 12 201012755. As indicated above, the mixture of carbonate compounds may be a metastable carbonate compound (and may comprise one or more metastable hydroxide compounds) which dissolves upon contact with fresh water in a saline towel rather than a more stable mosquito in a fresh water towel. Reprecipitation to form other fresh water stabilizing compounds, such as minerals such as low-to-calcite 0. In certain embodiments, the aggregates of the present invention are formed in whole or in part by the metastable compounds described herein, wherein the metastable compounds have Exposure to fresh water and allowing hardening to form a stable compound can then be further processed if necessary to form particles of a suitable type of aggregate. In certain embodiments, the aggregometer of the present invention is formed from a metastable compound that is exposed to temperature and/or pressure conditions that convert it to a stable compound. In certain embodiments, the oxime mineral may be present in conjunction with the carbonate compound to form a carbonate phthalate compound. These compounds 'f present f or crystal f. In specific implementations, 7 stones can be found in the form of opal-A (amorphous vermiculite) in the mass grave. The calcium carbonate magnesium carbonate amorphous compound can be formed in the crystalline region of the above carbonate minerals. Non-carbonate silicate minerals can also be formed. Sepiolite is a clay mineral (a mismatched magnesium citrate) whose typical chemical formula exists in the form of fibers, fine particles and solids. A citrate carbonate mineral can also be formed. Carbonaceous stone (KNa^CCOASisOMF, 〇Η)-Η2〇, hydrated carbonate, sodium potassium silicate, can be formed under these conditions. Like any member of the citrate subclass, the structure of the carbenestite is layered with alternating layers of citrate and layers of potassium, sodium and calcium. Unlike other niobates, the tantalate sheets of bauxite are composed of interconnected four and eight member rings. These sheets are conceivable to image a barbed wire fence with 13 201012755 j octagon and square holes. Both the human shape and the square are symmetrical and this gives the carbocalcin a square symmetry (4/m2/m): only the other _ stone and fish ◎ other 贞 独特 unique four and eight ring structure. When the carbonate and/or bicarbonate compound of the aggregate of the present invention, such as a bismuth salt and/or a hydrogencarbonate compound composition of a field aggregate, is precipitated from an aqueous solution of a monovalent cation, it will contain It is the component in the solution. For example, when the aqueous solution of divalent cations is brine, the carbonate and/or bicarbonate compounds and aggregates of the package may comprise one or more compounds found in the source of aqueous cationic solution. Such compounds may be associated with components derived from sources of aqueous cationic solutions, wherein such identifying components and amounts thereof are referred to herein as cationic solution source identifiers. For example, if the source of the cationic solution is seawater, the identifying compounds that may be present in the precipitated mineral composition include, but are not limited to, chloride, sodium, sulfur, potassium, bromide, ruthenium, osmium, and the like. Any such source identifies or,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, In a particular embodiment, the label, the compound system 锶' can be present in a sinking composition comprising a carbonate and/or a bicarbonate. The ruthenium may be incorporated into the vermiculite (calcium carbonate) crystal lattice and contribute to 10,000 ppm or less' in specific embodiments ranging from 3 to 丨〇〇〇〇ppm, such as from 5 to 5000 ppm, including 5 to 1000 ppm , such as 5 to 500 ppm 'includes 5 to 1 〇〇ρριη. Alternatively, the label "compound is magnesium, which can be present in up to 20% of the amount of calcium in the molar substituted carbonate compound. The cationic aqueous source source identification of the composition such as 201012755 can be used to produce carbonates and/or hinder The specific aqueous cation solution of the composition of the seawater-derived precipitate of the hydrogen hydride salt. In a particular embodiment, the sucrose content of the aggregate is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% or 25% weight/weight. Or higher, such as 30% weight/weight or higher, including 40% weight/weight or higher, such as 50% weight/weight or even 60% weight/weight or higher, 70% weight/weight _

Amount or higher '80% weight/weight or higher, 90% weight/weight or higher' or 95% weight/weight or higher. In a particular embodiment, the aggregate has a magnesium carbonate content of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% or 25% w/w or more, such as 30% w/w or more, including 4% by weight. /weight or higher, such as 50% weight / weight or even 60 ° /. Weight/weight or higher, 70% w/w or higher, 80% w/w or higher, 90% w/w or higher or 95% w/w or higher. In a particular embodiment, the aggregate has a calcium/magnesium ratio which is the source of the water that is contained in the temple, such as containing more magnesium than the word or a calcium content that is one hundred times more often than the seawater. The effect of the specific brine on the dragon is reflected; the calcium/magnesium ratio also reflects the following factors: • Addition of calcium and/or magnesium substances during the manufacturing process, such as fly ash, red mud, bumps or other inclusions and/or magnesium The use of industrial waste, or containing and/or containing minerals, such as iron towns and super-strupites, such as serpentine, sapphire and the like (as otherwise described in this article, because of the manufacturing_added The raw materials and the materials and the contents of the materials can be very different in the respective embodiments of the present invention and the actual embodiments can be adjusted according to the intended use of the aggregates. Thus, in the specific embodiment of the specific embodiment, the calcium/magnesium molar ratio in the aggregate ranges from 200/1 Ca/Mg to 1/200 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, Mam Mo The ear ratio ranges from 150/1 Ca/Mg to Ι/loo Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, ' The magnesium molar ratio ranges from 15 〇/1 Ca/Mg to 1/50 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium to magnesium molar ratio ranges from 150/1 Ca/Mg to 1/1 〇 Ca. /Mg. In some embodiments, the maternal molar ratio ranges from 150/1 Ca/Mg to 1/5 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the calcium to magnesium molar ratio ranges from 150. /1 Ca/Mg to 1/1 Ca/Mg. In certain embodiments, the calcium to magnesium molar ratio ranges from from 150/1 Ca/Mg to 5/1 Ca/Mg. In certain embodiments The ratio of the magnesium molars ranges from 150/1 Ca/Mg to 10/1 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the term magnesium molar ratio ranges from Ca/Mg to 1〇/1 Ca/ Mg. In certain embodiments, the calcium to magnesium molar ratio ranges from m Ca/Mg to 1/100 Ca/Mg. In certain embodiments, the ratio of the molar ratio is from 1/1 Ca. /Mg to 1/50 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the 'calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from Ca/Mg to 1/25 Ca/Mg. In certain embodiments, the calcium to magnesium molar ratio The range is from Ca/Mg 〇 to 1/10 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the 'calcium-magnesium molar ratio ranges from 1/1 Ca/Mg to 1/8. Ca/Mg. In certain embodiments, the calcium to magnesium molar ratio ranges from 1/; 1 (five) tons to 1/5 Ca/Mg. In certain embodiments, the calcium-magnesium molar ratio ranges from 1 〇/1 Ca/Mg to 1/1 〇 Ca/Mg. In some embodiments, the 'calcium magnesium molar ratio ranges from 8/1 Ca/Mg to 1/8 Ca/Mg. In certain embodiments, the calcium/single molar ratio is 20/1 or greater, such as 5〇/1 or greater, such as 1〇〇/1 or greater, 16 201012755 or even 15 (V1 or greater). In some embodiments, the calcium/single molar ratio is 1/10 or less, such as 1/25 or less, such as 1/50 or less, or even 1/100 or less. In certain embodiments, the Ca/Mg ratio ranges from 2/1 to %, 3/2 to 2/3, or 5/4 to 4/5. In some embodiments, the 'Ca/Mg ratio ranges from 1 to 1. /7 to 200/1, 1/15 to 12/10, 1/10 to 5/1, 1/7 to % or 1/9 to 2/5. In some embodiments, the Ca/Mg ratio range It is from 1/200 to 1/7, 1/70 to 1/7 or 1/65 to 1/40. In some embodiments, the 'Ca/Mg ratio ranges from 1/1 〇 to 5 (V1, 1/1). 5 to 45/1, 1/6 to 6/1, 6/5 to 45/1, 乂 to 11/3 or 13/2 to 19/2. In some embodiments, the 'Ca/Mg range is 1 /3 to 3/1 or % to 2/1. In certain embodiments, Ca/Mg ranges from 2/1 to all calcium, 3/1 to 20 (V1, 5/1 to 200/1, or 10/1 to 200/1. In some embodiments, 'providing a composition comprising a divalent cation such as An aggregate of calcium or magnesium carbonate and bicarbonate; in some cases, the aggregate comprises substantially carbonate, or substantially bicarbonate, or a ratio of certain carbonate to bicarbonate Unless otherwise indicated, the term, carbonate, as used herein, includes a composition that is a mixture of carbonate and bicarbonate, and is substantially a carbonate, or substantially a composition of bicarbonate, as long as As described herein, the composition is relatively insoluble in water, such as a precipitate formed in water under suitable conditions. The molar ratio of carbonate to bicarbonate can be any suitable ratio, such as 100/1 to 1/1. 〇〇, or to 1/50 ' or 25/1 to 1/25, or 10/1 to 1/10, or 2/1 to 1/2, or about 1/1 ' or substantially carbonate, Or substantially bicarbonate. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides carbonates comprising calcium or magnesium and 17 201012755

A synergy of magnesium bicarbonate or a combination thereof. Or a combination of them. Aggregate characterized by having a carbonic acid

, such as 10 to 1 and including 1 to 1. To 1 : 1, such as from 50 : 1 to 1 〇 : 1. In the presence of vermiculite, the ratio of 26/magnesium to 7 stones can be extended to I · 1 . __ In addition, the hair may additionally contain or not contain material and/or nano. Such substances are considered unsuitable in certain accounts; for example, because of the tendency of gasification to corrode steel, it is not suitable for use in aggregates intended for concrete, in certain uses, such as roads. In the base layer, 'concentration of chlorides may be accepted. The method of making the aggregate of the present invention may comprise one or more steps of minimizing the chloride and/or sodium content of the aggregate if the chloride is a starting component; in certain embodiments, when the aggregate One or more of the steps are not required when the intended end use is relatively insensitive to the amount of material. Thus, in certain embodiments, the aggregates of the present invention have a leachable chloride content of less than 5%. In some embodiments, the leachable chloride content of the aggregate ranges from 0.0001. /. To 〇.〇5〇/0. In certain embodiments, the deliverable vapor content is less than 0.05%. In certain embodiments, the leachable chloride content is less than 0.1% and in certain embodiments, The leachable chloride content is less than 0.5%. 201012755 In certain embodiments, the aggregation system of the present invention is formed by c〇2 and, in some cases, other 7L species or compounds having a specific isotopic composition, such as an isotope composition consistent with the origin of fossil fuels, as herein Also described as usual. The aggregates of the present invention can have any size and shape suitable for the particular application, as otherwise described herein. When the aggregation system is synthesized, the size and shape are almost completely controlled to allow for the acquisition of a variety of specific aggregates and aggregates of aggregates, as otherwise described. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides coarse aggregates, such as most of the compositions retained in size 4 (ASTM C 125 and ASTM C 33). The coarse aggregate composition according to a specific embodiment of the present invention has a composition having an average particle diameter ranging from 〇 125 in to 6 in, such as 187 187 in to 3.0 in and including 0.25 in to 1.0 in. The fine aggregate composition according to a specific embodiment of the present invention has an average particle size ranging from 〇 〇 - j - 吋 (in) to 0.25 in, such as 0.05 in to 0.125 in and including 〇.〇1 in to 0.08 in.聚集 The aggregates of the invention may be reactive or non-reactive. The reactive aggregates are formed by a specific aggregate particle which undergoes a reaction with other aggregate particle components (e.g., compounds) after being initiated by a substance such as water. In some cases, the reaction product may be a matrix between the aggregate particles forming a stable structure. In other cases, the matrix formed may be an expensive gel that can be used to destabilize the mass depending on the environment; in some cases with a space that allows for expensive gel expansion, such as being placed as a road bed Reactive agglomerates of this type are acceptable in aggregates with and with voids. The aggregates of the invention may also be non-reactive. 201012755 In addition, 'in some cases' the present invention provides an acid-, alkali- or acid-resistant and alkali-like aggregate. For example, in certain instances, the present invention provides an aggregate comprising, for example, magnesium carbonate, which is exposed to pH 2 (eg, a solution of ΗΑ〇4 that has been diluted to pH 2), during 48 hours, or during i weeks, Less than 1% of the aggregates contained in C〇2 were released during 5 weeks, or during 25 weeks. In certain instances, the present invention provides an aggregate comprising, for example, magnesium carbonate which is released below pH during 48 hours, or during 1 week, or 5 weeks, or during 25 weeks upon exposure to pH 2. C〇2 contained in % aggregates. In some cases, the present invention provides an aggregate comprising, for example, magnesium carbonate, which upon release to pH 2, during 48 hours, or during i weeks, or during 5 weeks, or during 25 weeks, releases low C〇2 contained in 1% aggregates. In some cases, the present invention provides an aggregate comprising, for example, magnesium carbonate which releases less than 〇 during 48 hours, or during the week, or during 5 weeks, or during 25 weeks upon exposure to PH2. Αν contained in 〇〇1% aggregates In these cases, the aggregate remains intact and retains a portion or substantially all of its hardness, wear resistance and the like. In some cases, the invention provides an aggregate comprising magnesium carbonate which is exposed to impotence 3 (eg, a solution of postal 4 that has been diluted to pH 3) during 48 hours, or during a period of 1 or 5 During the week period or 25 weeks, less than 1% is released, and C〇2 contained in the group is released. In some cases, the present invention provides an aggregate such as magnesium sulphate, which is released during exposure to ρΉ3, during 48 hours, or during 1 week, or during 5 weeks, or during 25 weeks. Less than 0.1%, c〇2 contained in the collective. In some cases, the present invention provides an aggregate such as bismuth containing magnesium carbonate which is released upon exposure to 3 during 48 hours, 20 201012755, or 1 week, or 5 weeks, or 25 weeks. Less than 0.01% of c〇2 contained in the aggregate. In some cases, the present invention provides an aggregate comprising, for example, magnesium carbonate which is released below a period of 48 hours, or during 1 week, or 5 weeks, or 25 weeks upon exposure to pH 3. 〇2 contained in 0.001% of aggregates. In such cases, the aggregate remains intact and retains a portion or substantially all of its hardness, wear resistance, and the like. In some cases, the invention provides an aggregate comprising, for example, magnesium strontium carbonate, which is exposed to pH 4 (e.g., H2S04 solution that has been diluted to pH 4), during 48 hours, or during the week, or 5 weeks. During the period, or during 25 weeks, c〇2 contained in less than 1% of aggregates is released. In certain instances, the present invention provides an aggregate comprising, for example, magnesium carbonate which is released below 48 hours, or during i weeks, or during 5 weeks, or during 25 weeks upon exposure to pH 4. 〇.i〇/〇 contains the c〇2 in the aggregate. In some cases, the present invention provides an aggregate comprising, for example, magnesium carbonate which, upon exposure to pH 4, releases low during 48 hours, or during 1 week, or during 5 cycles, or during 25 weeks. In 〇, 〇1% aggregate contains C〇2. In certain instances, the present invention provides an aggregate comprising, for example, magnesium carbonate which is released below a 48 hour period, or during a period of 1 week, or during 5 weeks, or during 25 weeks upon exposure to pH 4. 〇 1% aggregate contains C〇2. In such cases, the aggregate remains intact and retains some or substantially all of its hardness, robustness, and the like. For the test-aggregate of the present invention, when exposed to pH 12, 11, 10 or 9, within 48 hours, 1 week, 5 weeks or 25 weeks, the release can be less than 〇 〇〇 1 or 0.001 A similar result of % C〇2 while remaining intact and retaining some or substantially all of its hardness, workability and similar properties. The C〇2 content of the material can be monitored by, for example, Coulometric analysis or any other suitable method. In certain embodiments, the invention provides additional aggregates that are stable to the release of C〇2 as described below. 2. Aggregates and Rock Compositions In certain embodiments, the aggregate system of the present invention clamps one or more artificial waste streams, typically aggregates of components of an industrial waste stream comprising, although not limited to, gaseous components . In general, one or more of the components that are clamped by the aggregates are generally unsuitable for release into the atmosphere or components of the environment. For example, for flue gas off-gas streams, unsuitable components include C〇2, c〇, sulfur oxides (SOx, such as S〇2 and S〇3), and nitrogen oxides (N〇x, such as NO and N〇). 2) Heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead and/or other materials known in the art, particulates, radioactive materials, organic compounds and other unsuitable components, such as any component managed by the government or other regulatory agencies. In a particular embodiment, the invention includes C〇2 clamped aggregates. As used herein, the term "C〇2 clamps aggregates, including aggregates comprising carbon derived from a fuel used by humans, such as carbon having a fossil fuel origin. For example, a co2 clamped aggregate according to a particular embodiment of the present invention comprises Carbon released from the combustion fuel in the form of C02. In a particular embodiment, (the carbon compound clamped in the 302 clamped aggregate is in the form of a carbonate compound. Thus, the C〇2 clamp according to the aspect of the invention The aggregate comprises at least a portion of the carbonaceous compound derived from a fuel used by a human, such as a carbonate compound of a fossil fuel. As such, the manufacture of the aggregate of the present invention allows C〇2 to be stored in a stable form. The method is used in a built environment, ie in a man-made structure, such as a building, a wall, a road, etc. or even a source of fossil fuel, such as a component in a coal mine and aged there. As such, the c〇2 age aggregate of the present invention The manufacture causes the c〇2 gas to enter the atmosphere. The C〇2 clamped aggregation system of the present invention provides the length of the 〇2) in a manner that allows c〇2 to be sweetened (fixed) in the aggregate. The combination of c〇2 does not become part of the atmosphere. By, for long-term storage, it means that the aggregate of the present invention is laid by the clamped C02 for a longer period of time (when the aggregate system remains in the intended use) Under normal conditions), no CO 2 self-aggregates are clearly (if any) released. In the context of the present invention, the longer time period may be i years or longer, 5 years or longer, 10 years or longer, 25 years. Or longer, 5 years or longer, 100 years or longer, 250 years or longer, 1000 years or longer, 10, _ years or longer, 1,000,000 years or longer, or even 1 〇〇 Leap years or longer, depending on the specific nature of the aggregate and the use of the turf. As for (7) 2 the sweet aggregate 'when used for its intended use and beyond its useful life, such as 2 The amount of decomposition (if any) of the C02 gas will not exceed 10% per year 'for example, it will not exceed 5%/year and in certain embodiments will not exceed 1%/year or even every year will not exceed 05. % or even 0.1%. The test of aggregates can be used as a surrogate marker for the above criteria. For example, if exposed to 50, 75, 90, 100, 12 Or 15 (rc and 1% to 5〇% relative fishes of 1, 2, 5, 25, 50, 100, 200 or 50 days, the loss is less than 1%, 2%, 3% of its carbon 4%, 5%, 10%, 2%, 30% or 50%, the aggregate can be regarded as the long-term storage of the clamp c〇2. 23 201012755 $. The c〇2 content of the material can be borrowed Monitored by any suitable method, such as Coulometric analysis. These aggregates will generally contain carbon derived from fossil fuels; because of their fossil fuel origin, the carbon isotope score of this poly (four) will be different from the value of limestone. As is known in the art, the plant that obtains fossil fuels preferentially utilizes 12c to win 13c, so the carbon isotope is separated and its ratio is generally different from that in the atmosphere; when compared with the standard value, this value is called carbon. Isotope separation (δ13 〇 value. The value of coal is generally in the range of _25_40 and the value of methane produced by bacteria can be as low as or lower than _40. Even if the ❿ aggregates contain some natural limestone or other carbon source with a lower negative S13c value than fossil fuels, the δ130: value will generally still be high negative. The aggregates of the present invention thus include aggregates having a 513C which is more negative than -10, such as less than -20, -22, -24, -26, -28 or more than _3 。. Such aggregates can have other properties as described herein, such as size, shape, reactivity, and the like. In some embodiments, the method of the present invention agglomerating system negative carbon aggregates and producing sigma aggregates is a cabon-negative process. The term "negative break" as used herein, includes the amount of C〇2 (by weight) that is implied by the practice of such methods (eg, via conversion to carbonate) or a composition made by a method. Is a greater amount of CO 2 produced by the manufacture of such processes or the production of the ready-to-use final form of the product, such as by power generation, by the manufacture of the reactants, or by mining, shipping, and manufacturing other parts of the product of C〇2. , as shown in the following formula: ((C 〇 2 captured - amount of C 〇 2 consumed during capture) / captured 24 201012755 C02 amount) χ 100 In some cases 'by implementing these methods Or the amount of C〇2 (by weight) of the aroma of the manufactured aggregate is more than 1 to 100%, such as 5 to 100%, of the amount of C〇2 (by weight) produced by the method or the production of the aggregate. Including 10 to 95%, 10 to 90%, 10 to 80%, 1 to 70%, 1 to 60%, 10 to 50%, 1 to 40%, 10 to 30%, 1 to 2%, Up to 95%, 20 to 90%, 20 to 80%, 20 to 7 〇〇/. 20 to 6〇%, 20 to 50%, 20 to 40%, 20 to 30%, 30 to 95%, 30 to 9〇%, 30 to 80%, 30 to 70%, 30 to 60%, 30 to 50%, 30 to 4%, 40 to 95%, 40 to 90%, 40 to 80%, 40 to 70%, 40 to 60%, 40 to 50%, 50 to 95%, 50 to 90%, 50 Up to 80%, 50 to 70%, 50 to 60%, 60 to 95%, 60 to 90%, 60 to 80%, 60 to 70%, 70 to 95%, 70 to 90%, 70 to 80%, 80 To 95%, 80 to 90% and 90 to 95%. In some cases, the amount of C〇2 (by weight) clamped by the implementation of such methods exceeds the amount of C〇2 (by weight) produced by the process or by the manufacture of the aggregate. 5% or more, 10〇/〇 or more, 15°/〇 or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 5% or more, 60% or More, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more. The negative carbon process is generally described in more detail in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/344,019, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In certain embodiments, the aggregates of the present invention include other clamping components found in industrial waste gases as described above. Thus, in certain embodiments, 'in addition to comprising a carbonate derived from a clamped C〇2, the inventive aggregate 25 201012755

May contain - or a plurality of substances derived from and / or derived from the following compounds or elements · CO, sulfur oxides (sox, such as s〇3), nitrogen oxides (such as NO and Ν〇2) Heavy metals such as mercury m/ or other known materials, particulates, radioactive materials and organic compounds. Accordingly, the present invention includes, in addition to a c〇2 binding component such as a carbonate, an additional s〇x derived component such as a sulfate or sulfite, such as magnesium or sulphite, or calcium and Aggregate of a combination of magnesium sulfate or sulfite. In certain embodiments, the hair thief is provided with a face salt compound, such as those derived from co2 and sulfate and/or sulfite compounds, such as those derived from S0x, wherein the carbonate is sulfated/ The molar ratio of sulfite (if two combinations) is from 200:1 to 10:1, such as 150:1 to 2〇·b or 12G] to 8G]. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides an aggregate comprising a carbonate compound, such as those derived from c〇2 and a sulfate and/or sulfite compound such as s〇x, wherein the carbonate constitutes颜 之 · · · · · · 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 魏 0.01 0.01 魏 0.01 0.01 .l_3%, such as, wherein the salt constitutes 85%_99% of the aggregate and the sulfate/sulfite chemical substance = collective 〇, 2_2%. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides an aggregate of a citrate compound and a sulphate and/or sulfite compound, wherein the carbonate is sulphate/sulfite (if both are present, = The molar ratio of the form is 200: 1 to 10: 1, such as 150 : 1 to 2 〇 · : 1 to 8 〇: 1. In certain embodiments, the present invention comprises a collective comprising, in addition to a carbonate compound, such as a sulfate or sulfite derived from, and as derived from, a sox. It also contains a heavy metal such as mercury or heavy metal derived compounds. In some embodiments, the aggregates may comprise carbonates and mercury compounds having a molar ratio of carbonate to mercury compound of 5X109 : 1 to 5xl 〇 8 : Bu 2X109 : 1 to 5x10: 1 . In certain embodiments, the aggregates of the present invention comprise a C〇2 derived component, a SOx, a raw component, and a mercury derived component, optionally including a NOx derived component. In certain embodiments, the CO 2 clamped aggregate comprises at least one of the following: a carbonated dance compound, a magnesium carbonate compound, and a carbonated compound. Depending on the starting materials, manufacturing conditions and the like, the molar ratio of calcium to magnesium in the synthetic rock can be any of the ratios listed herein, such as from 7:1 to 2:1, 2:1 to 1:2 or 1 : 1 〇 to 1: 200 mg: in the calcium range. In certain embodiments, the one or more calcium carbonate compounds constitute at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 99% by weight 'eg, at least 50% of the synthetic rock, Includes at least 80%, such as at least 90%. The one or more carbonate compounds comprise a precipitate derived from water containing divalent cations, such as water containing divalent cations comprising C?2 derived from an industrial waste stream. Industrial waste streams can be as described herein, such as from power plants, foundries, cement plants, refineries, or smelters. In some embodiments, the aggregates 3 are made of the particular mineral produced by the conditions of the garment, as described elsewhere herein. In certain specific embodiments, the aggregate comprises at least 0.1%, or at least 0.5%, or at least 1%, or at least 2%, or at least 5%' or at least ι% of the spherical carbon magnesium by weight/weight. Stone or similar hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral (Mg5(C〇3)4(〇H)r5(H20)). In some embodiments, the aggregate 27 201012755 comprises spheroidal or similar hydrated magnesium carbonate minerals and sillicite. In certain specific embodiments, the aggregates comprise at least 0.1%, or at least 0.5%, or at least 1%, or at least 2%, or at least 5%, or at least 10% of the spheroidal grit. Or a similar hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral (Mg5(C03)4(0H)r5(H20)) and a percentage weight/weight of at least 0.1%, or at least 0.5%, or at least 1%, or at least 2%, or at least 5%, Or at least 10% of the trihydrate. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a synthetic rock free of binder, i.e., a self-bonding synthetic rock. The process of the present invention allows for the fabrication of hard, durable rocks via a process that involves physical reactions without the need for external or intrinsic binders, as described more fully elsewhere herein. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the present invention provides a binder comprising less than 10, 5, 2, 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 0.0005, 0.0001% by weight/weight of binder. Synthetic rock 'wherein, binder," includes a compound or substance that is added to a synthetic rock system to cause or contribute to a chemical reaction 'where the chemical reaction causes the components of the synthetic rock to bond together during the synthetic procedure. Adhesives are described elsewhere herein. In certain embodiments, the synthetic rock of the present invention is substantially free of binders. This synthetic rock can be artificially calcified in a method that mimics geological processes, where physics rather than chemistry The method is a procedure for forming a rock, such as dissolving and compounding a new form for binding the composition together. In a particular embodiment, such synthetic rock comprises one or more carbonate compounds, such as derived from fossils. a stone analate compound of a fuel source. In some embodiments, the synthetic rock has a more negative -10, or -12, or -14, or _18, or _22, 28 201012755 or -26 'or _3〇' or _32, or -36 carbon isotope separation (δ) 3 〇 value. In some embodiments, the synthetic rock has _1 () to _4 () The carbon isotope separation (513C) value.

In some embodiments, the synthetic rock having a low or no binder content comprises at least one of the following: a calcium carbonate compound, a magnesium carbonate compound, and a calcium magnesium silicate compound. Depending on the starting materials, manufacturing conditions and the like, the molar ratio of calcium to magnesium in the synthetic rock can be any of the ratios listed herein, such as from 7.1 to 2 · 1, 2: 1 to 1: 2 or 1 : 1 〇 to 1: 200 mg: in the calcium range. In certain embodiments, the one or more carbonate compounds constitute at least 1 〇, 2 〇, 3 〇, 4 〇, 5 〇, 6 〇, 7 〇, 8 〇, 90, 95, &quot; % by weight, for example 'at least 50%, including at least 80%, such as at least 9% by weight. The one or more carbolic acid compounds comprise a water derived from a divalent cation-containing water such as S.沉淀2 Precipitate of water containing divalent cations. The Weiye Waste Stream can be as described herein, such as from power generation waste, foundry, cement plants, refineries or smelters. For example, in certain embodiments, the invention provides a lightweight aggregate. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a set of custom aggregates having a plurality of features, wherein the features are selected to conform to predetermined features such as size, shape, surface texture, hardness, wear resistance At least two, three, four or five of, degree, porosity, acid stability, testability, % release stability, and color. In certain embodiments of the invention, the invention provides a novel mineral comprising: a attapulgite or the like and/or a magnesium carbonate aggregate, as further described above. 29 201012755 Containing Synthetic Carbonates In certain embodiments, the present invention provides - aggregates. In some embodiments, the aggregates of the concoidable fractures. "Shell shape 3. Manufacture of the composition of the present invention The present invention can be collectively hunted by any suitable method~

The aggregate can be precipitated from the water by precipitating a precursor axis and: a town, and then adding a sink to produce a poly-reading group = the carbonate composition of the inventive aggregate can be a metastable carbonic acid by precipitation Salt compounds or by such compounds are; as described in more detail below. The carbonate compound composition of the present invention comprises: a precipitated crystalline and/or amorphous carbonate compound.

When Shi Xishi exists, many extra minerals can be formed. _ stone alternative carbonate minerals are common features of old sedimentary rocks and deep sea sediments ~ stone can be added in many forms. At the pH of the assay, the Shishi stone dissolves and becomes reactive with the Shendian carbonate. Sources of meteorites include diatomaceous earth, fly ash from coal, and silka fume. Mg carbonate can also be used to remove vermiculite from wastewater, indicating that the interaction of dissolved vermiculite/carbonate minerals can occur in a short time scale. Klein and Walter (1992) conducted experiments to determine rate, time dependence, and water sensitivity.

Si〇2 is ingested to a degree of characterized Ca_Mg carbonate at a temperature of 25 °C to 50 °C, wherein the aqueous solution of Si〇2 is in the range of 15 to 35 mM Si〇2. Three different reaction conditions were tested: (丨) short-time calcite overgrowth under fixed calcite supersaturation. Precipitate on calcite seeds 30 201012755 Take rate __ ; (7) Relative to the calcareous near-balanced material intake, metastable carbonation The relatively long-term (3 ^ recrystallization _ ♦ stone uptake rate of stone ' 18 mol % Mg rhyme). The carbonate carbonate service rides large. “The Shishi Shiki dynamics system is not affected by the interaction between the SiO2 and the carbonate surface, and the same calcite excess in the field stone and Yishi Xishi experimental towel __ sinking material

rate. In the nearly flat test towel, ingestion (4) has great time dependence, but to a lesser extent and the uptake rate is higher at higher Si〇2 concentration, lower yang and higher temperature. In long-term vermiculite and Mg_calcite recrystallization experiments, the SiO2 uptake rate is similar to the near-balance experiment with low Mg•calcite. There is a deduction in the presence of carbonic acid, and the advantages of the product are related to the possibility of forming hard, stable aggregate particles. As noted above, the aggregate of the present invention comprises a composition of a carbonate compound such as a composition of a water-sinking chamber containing a soil test, such as a seawater-derived carbonate compound composition. As the "carbonate compound composition of the aggregate" is composed of - or a plurality of different carbonate compounds, it may be amorphous or crystalline. As noted above, the cementate carbonate composition can comprise one or more hydroxide compounds. Divalent cations (e.g., alkaline earth metal cations such as c^+ and Mg2+) utilize the systems and methods of the present invention for the manufacture of aggregates. Divalent cations may be derived from any of a variety of different sources of divalent cations depending on the availability of the particular site. In some locations, waste streams from different industrial processes provide a source of divalent cations that can be used to prepare a suitable aqueous solution of divalent cations. Such waste streams include (but are not limited to) mining waste; fossil fuel combustion 201012755 ^, phosphorus slag); cement kiln waste; refining / and burnt brine; coal seam waste (such as gas production halogen ash; Iron ore slag petrochemical refined waste (such as oil field, layer of wealth); Qian listen; water Wei waste correction (such as ion exchange = output); Mengjia I waste; agricultural waste; metal surface processing waste; ΓΡΗ textile waste and caustic slurry In some locations, the divalent cations used in the systems and methods of the present invention are conventionally derived from water (e.g., containing divalent cations = water, such as seawater or surface brine), which may be used to practice the present invention. The di(tetra)ionic water may be used to include a solution containing one or more alkaline earth metals (such as calcium, magnesium). In some embodiments, the aqueous divalent cation solution comprises an alkaline earth metal cation. In some embodiments In the example, the soil test metal cation is calcium, magnesium or a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the aqueous divalent cation solution comprises from 50 to 50,000 ppm, 50 to 40, 〇〇〇ppm, 50 to 20,000 pp. m, 100 to 10'OOOppm, 200 to 50 ppm, or 400 to 1000 ppm. In some embodiments, the aqueous divalent cation solution ranges from 50 to 40,000 ppm, 50 to 20,000 ppm, 100. To 〇, 〇〇〇Ppm, 200 to i〇, 〇〇〇ppm, 500 to 5 〇〇〇ppm, or 5 to 2500 ρρηη ❹ of magnesium. In some embodiments, Ca2+ and Mg2+ When present, the ratio of Ca2+/Mg2+ in the divalent cation aqueous solution is 1 to (8); 1 to 800; 1 to 500; 1 to 250; 1 to 200; 1 to 150; 1 to 100; 1 to 50; 25. The divalent cation aqueous solution may comprise divalent cations derived from fresh water, thief water, sea water or brine (such as naturally occurring brine or artificial brine such as geothermal wastewater, desalination plant wastewater) and other brines having a salinity greater than fresh water. 32 201012755 子. The salt water is salty than salt water but not as salty as sea water. The salinity of salt water ranges from about 0.5 to about 35 ppt (parts per thousand). The seawater is derived from sea, ocean or any other salt. Water in the range of from about 35 to about 50 ppt of brine. And or near saturated water. The brine has a salinity of about 50 ppt or greater. In some embodiments, the brine source from which the divalent cation is obtained is selected from the group consisting of sea, ocean, lake, marsh, estuary, lagoon, surface brine Naturally occurring sources of deep brine, alkaline lake, inland sea or similar sources. In some embodiments, the brine source from which the divalent cation is obtained is an artificial brine selected from geothermal plant wastewater or desalination plant wastewater. Fresh water is often a common source of divalent cations such as alkaline earth metal cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+. A variety of suitable fresh water sources can be used, including fresh water sources ranging from relatively mineral-free sources to relatively mineral-rich sources. Mineral-rich freshwater sources can occur naturally, including any of a variety of hard water sources, lakes or inland seas. Some mineral-rich freshwater sources such as alkaline lakes or inland seas (such as Lake Van in Turkey) also provide pH_modifiers for the Φ source. Mineral-rich freshwater sources can also be artificial. For example, a mineral-deficient (soft) water may be contacted with a divalent cation such as an alkaline earth metal cation (e.g., calcium or town) source to produce a mineral water suitable for use in systems and methods for making the (four) body in accordance with the present invention. . The divalent cation or its precursor (such as salt, mineral) can be used in any conventional experimental procedure (such as the addition of solids, suspensions or solutions) to force the fresh water (9) core to be any other water. In (4) a specific embodiment, the divalent cations of (4) and magnesium may be added to fresh water. In some embodiments, a monovalent cation selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium can be added to fresh water. In some embodiments, a forest-containing freshwater system is combined with a acid salt (e.g., 33 201012755 olivine or serpentine) or a product or processed form thereof to produce a solution comprising calcium and magnesium cations. Metal citrates (such as magnesium citrate) and other minerals containing a cation of interest can be digested with an acid (such as HC1 derived from an electrochemical procedure) to produce, for example, magnesium and other metal cations used in the sink. The aggregate of the invention is then produced. In certain embodiments, magnesium citrate and other minerals may be digested and dissolved in an aqueous solution wherein the aqueous solution has become acidic due to the addition of carbon dioxide and other exhaust gases (e.g., combustion gases) components. Alternatively, other metal species such as metal hydroxides (eg, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2) may be digested with one or more metal ruthenium by aqueous alkali metal ruthenium hydroxide (eg, NaOH) or any other suitable caustic material. Acid salts (such as olivine or serpentine) are suitable for use in aggregates. In such a process, the metal ruthenate is reacted with an alkali metal hydroxide or any other suitable caustic material to produce a metal oxyhydroxide previously in the metal silicate. Any suitable concentration of aqueous alkali metal hydroxide or other caustic materials can be used to decompose metal silicates, including highly concentrated and very dilute solutions. The concentration of the alkali metal hydroxide (e.g., NaOH) in the solution (by weight) may be, for example, from 30% to 80% and from 70% to 20% by weight of water. Advantageously, the metal ruthenate and the like which are digested with the aqueous alkali metal hydroxide can be used directly to make a precipitate and then obtain an aggregate from the exhaust stream. In addition, the base price of the precipitation reaction mixture can be recovered and reused to digest additional metal citrates and the like. In some embodiments, the aqueous divalent cation solution can be obtained from a plant that also provides a combustion gas stream. For example, in a water-cooled millet, such as in a water-sea A plant, the water that has been used by the plant for cooling can then be used to make a precipitate 34 201012755 and then used in the system or method of the invention to produce aggregate water. If necessary, the water can be cooled before entering the sedimentation system. Such methods can be utilized, for example, by a single pass cooling system. For example, a city or agricultural water supply can be used as a one-way cooling system for a plant. The plant-derived water can then be used to make a precipitate&apos; which can then be used in the systems or methods of the invention to produce aggregates, and wherein the effluent has reduced hardness and higher purity. Such systems can be modified to include safety measures (such as detecting damage, such as the addition of poisons) and cooperating with government agencies (such as homeland security or other agencies), as necessary. Security devices that additionally destroy or attack can be used in some specific embodiments. The precipitation conditions of interest can vary. For example, the water temperature can be within a range suitable for precipitation of the desired mineral. In some embodiments, the water temperature can range from 5 to 70 °C, such as from 20 to 50. (: and includes 25 to 45 ° C. As such, although the precipitation conditions of a given group may have a temperature range from 〇 to i 〇〇 ° C, the water temperature must be adjusted in a particular embodiment to produce the desired precipitation. In general seawater, 93% of dissolved CO 2 is in the form of bicarbonate ions (HC(V) form and 6% is in the form of carbonate ion (c〇3-2). When calcium carbonate is at ordinary pH When precipitated in seawater, c〇2 is released. In fresh water 'pH greater than 10.33, more than 90% of the carbonate is in the form of carbonate ions and no C〇2 is released during the precipitation of calcium carbonate. In seawater, This transition occurs at a slightly lower pH, near pH 9.7. Although the pH of the divalent cation aqueous solution can vary from 5 to 14 during the established precipitation procedure, in some cases 'removing protons, such as increasing the pH to a basic value The desired product is precipitated. In some embodiments, the pH is raised to a value sufficient to precipitate the product of the desired 35 201012755 C〇2 clamp. As such, the pH can be raised to 9.5 or more, such as 10 Or more, including 5 or higher. If necessary, raise the pH to a minimum (if it cannot be eliminated) The value produced by the CO 2 during precipitation. For example, the pH can be increased to a value of 1 Torr or higher, such as a value of u or higher. In a particular embodiment, the pH is raised to between 7 and n, such as Between 8 and 11 'includes between 9 and 11', for example between 10 and 11. In this step, the pH can be raised to and maintained at the desired basic value while maintaining the pH at a fixed basic value. The pH may be switched or recycled between two or more different basic values, if necessary. © The proton may be removed from the divalent cation aqueous solution by any conventional method. Methods of interest include (but are not limited to) : Use naturally occurring pH enhancers, use microorganisms and fungi, use synthetic chemical pH enhancers, recycle man-made waste streams, and utilize electrochemical methods. The term naturally occurring pH enhancer covers any visible or detectable local environment Methods in a wide variety of environments. Certain embodiments provide naturally occurring pH enhancers that include minerals added to a solution, such as dissolved to create an alkaline environment. Such minerals include, but are not limited to, sarcophagus ash (CaO), periclase (Mg 0), volcanic ash, ultra-magnesium ore, serpentine ore and iron hydroxide ore, such as goethite and limonite. Certain embodiments provide the use of naturally alkaline water as a naturally occurring pH enhancer. Naturally alkaline Examples of water bodies include, but are not limited to, surface water sources such as lakes such as Mono Lake in California and groundwater sources such as alkaline water layers. Other embodiments provide dry alkaline water sediments, such as along Africa Great Use of the crust of Lake Natron in Rift Valley. Other embodiments provide for the use of an organism that secretes an assay solution or molecule as a pH enhancer in normal metabolism at 36 201012755. Examples of such organisms are fungi that produce alkaline proteases, such as the deep-sea fungus Aspergillus fusiformis w (10), which has an optimum pH of 9, and the bacteria that produce the test molecule. As seen in the Atlin wetland in Columbia, UK, pH can be increased as photosynthesis. By-products of the genus Phytophthora, Phytophthora (/3mg63; a in some embodiments) where the organism is used for the presence of co-contaminants in the metabolism of molecules or solutions used to produce pH, such as hydrolysis of urea The ammonia-forming and ρ-like wr/ζ are used in the presence of urea in the form of co-contaminants. In some embodiments, the biological system is detached from the program and its alkaline secretion is used to add to the forceps. In certain procedures, certain embodiments provide carbonic anhydrase as another naturally occurring method of removing protons from a self-clamping reaction. Carbonic anhydrase is produced by plants and animals to accelerate c〇2 and convert water into Enzymes for carbonated rat ions and protons. Chemical pH enhancers generally refer to commercially available synthetic chemicals that are manufactured in large quantities. Certain embodiments provide chemicals, including: hydroxides, organic bases, superbases, oxides, Ammonia and carbonic acid The hydroxides include molecules containing OH. Exemplary hydroxides are: sodium hydroxide (1^〇11), ruthenium oxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(〇H)2), and hydroxide. Magnesium (Mg(OH)2). Organic bases are carbon-containing molecules and usually have the form (_Nr2H+). Certain embodiments provide for the use of elevated pH organic bases including: pyridine, methylamine, imidazole, benzo Imidazole, histidine, and phosphazene base. Certain embodiments provide for raising the pH with ammonia. Ammonia is considered by some to be an organic base, although it lacks carbon atoms. Other embodiments provide for the use of ultra-strong as a pH. Improve chemicals, including but not limited to: ethoxide, 醯37 201012755 Amination of sodium (NaNH2), sodium hydride (NaH), butyl lithium, lithium diisopropyl amide, lithium diethylamine amide And bis(trimethylhydrazine) lithium amide. Oxides are other chemicals that can be used as proton acceptors/pH enhancers. Certain specific examples k utilize oxides as pH enhancers, including but not limited to Oxidation of each (CaO), oxidized town (MgO), strontium oxide (Sr0) and bismuth oxide (Be〇) agents. Waste streams from various processes Other sources of pH enhancers. In certain embodiments, waste streams are provided as pH enhancers. Such waste streams include, but are not limited to, mining waste; fossil fuel combustion ash; slag, such as iron ore slag, phosphorus Slag; cement kiln waste; refinery/petrochemical refining waste ^, such as oil field and methane layer brine; coal bed waste, such as gas-producing brine and coal bed brine; papermaking waste; water softening, such as ion exchange waste brine; Metal surface processing waste; high pH textile waste and caustic slurry. Mining waste includes any waste that extracts metals or other precious or useful minerals from the ground. Certain embodiments provide waste from mining intended to increase pH, including : Red mud from the Bayer aluminum extraction process; derived from seawater: waste from towns such as Moss Landing, California, Moss Mg and other mining processes, including leaching waste. The process of burning fossil fuels 10, such as ash from coal-fired power plants, produces ash that is often rich in Ca oxime or other metal oxides that produce an alkaline environment when in solution. In some embodiments, the combustion of fossil fuels, such as those produced by coal fired power plants, is provided as a pH enhancer, including fly ash, such as ash and bottom ash leaving the chimney. Cement kiln waste is suitable for use as a pH enhancer because the powder remaining in the cement kiln often contains CaO and is provided as such in certain embodiments. Agricultural waste resulting from the use of animal waste or over-fertilizer may include 38 201012755 containing potassium hydroxide (KOH) or ammonia (NH3) or both and agricultural waste is provided as a pH enhancer in certain embodiments of the invention. This agricultural waste is often collected in ponds, but it can also penetrate down into the water layer, where it is allowed to be used in the clamping process. One

Electrochemical methods are another tool for increasing the pH of a solution by removing protons (deprotonation) from molecules of aqueous divalent cations, such as by protons generated by 'c〇2^ (4) at or above electrochemical transduction. Alternatively, 2 may be carried out by, for example, producing a caustic molecule such as a hydroxide via a chlorine-base method or a modified method thereof. In the case of %, the electrodes (cathode and anode) can be supplied to the reaction H which holds an aqueous solution of divalent cations, wherein the electrodes can be separated by a selective barrier such as a separator if necessary. If necessary, a by-product of the hydrolyzate, such as Hr nanometal, etc., may be used and used for other purposes as necessary. Additional electrochemical methods of interest include, but are not intended to be, those described in the U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 61/G81,299, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Under a certain Mt condition, the low-power electrochemical experiment procedure is used to remove protons from the aqueous ion solution. For example, when (7)2 is dissolved and in-service steps, the low-voltage house means that the electrochemical experiment program used is operated at 2, J, 1: 8, 1.7 or h6 v or lower, such as! 5, im or ^, such as IV or lower, including 〇 9V or lower, 〇 8v or 〇. 7V, lower, G.6V or lower, WV or lower, G.4V or lower, lower or G.1V or lower average electric sensation. Sensation: The electrochemical test procedure of Guan. Also interested is the oxygen-free mosquito test procedure. (4) Interested parties are not producing hydrogen 39 201012755 Electrochemical experimental materials. In some cases, the electrochemical experimental program is one that does not produce any gaseous by-products. These proton removal methods can be used in any suitable combination. Partially presented examples Providing a combination of pH enhancement/proton removal methods comprising: the use of artificial waste (such as fly ash) or a combination of mining waste and a commercially available base (such as Na〇H), artificial waste and electrochemical methods (such as deprotonation) and Naturally occurring pH, a combination of local agents (such as serpentine ore); or for clamping Five years prior to the expiration date, a combination of artificial waste and commercially available pH-increasing agents is used, followed by a combination of serpentine ore and electrochemical methods. Some embodiments provide a combination of pH increase/proton removal. 〇%yang enhancer is fly ash, 6〇%pH Tieqing County originates from the contact-weight waste (such as red mud) and 30% pH enhancer to provide a pH adjustment for the specific example The combination of horse/proton removal makes the pH improver fly ash, 60% PH S high agent is derived from naturally occurring mineral sources (such as dissolved serpentine) and 30% PH enhancer is used to remove protons by deprotonation. Partially implemented for the combination of pH increase/proton removal for c〇2 '3G%pH enhancer for fly ash and 70% PH enhancer for waste from mining processes (eg red mud) and since the sixth year 'Proton removal is 3G% derived from deprotonation electrochemical removal of protons, 10% pH derived from fly ash pH enhancer and 6〇% due to naturally occurring mineral sources (such as serpentine) dissolved 1311 enhancer Combination, x can also introduce an additive different from the pH enhancer into the divalent cation water In the liquid to affect the nature of the precipitate produced. As such, the specific method (10) is included in the case where the cationic solution is in the condition; 201012755 2 = 5 before: the additive is in the solution. The specific additive is beneficial to a specific calcium carbonate polymorph. For example, a hexagonal calcite (a CaC〇3 high instability = a crystal form which is converted into a calcite in two different forms) can be used in a very high yield by carbon. _ supersaturated solution obtained by the inclusion of trace I (such as chlorinated steel). In addition to steel, other sensitizing additives include, but are not limited to, transition metals and the like. For example, Aachen is known.

The addition of iron or iron is conducive to the formation of white (formerly dolomite) that cannot be formed elsewhere. ^ The nature of the redundant object can also be affected by the choice of the appropriate primary ion ratio. The proportion of ions required also has a significant effect on the formation of polymorphs. For example, with the increase of the proportion of magnesium, the proportion of meteorites becomes a polymorphic form of carbonic acid, which becomes a health solution. In Lai: Under the example, low-magnesium calcite is a good polymorph. As such, a wide range of magnesium can be used, in proportion, over Cong, Xiao, epoch, sugar, 5/1, 2/b or lower 歹I Μ, 1/2 〇, 1/5 〇, 1/100. In a specific embodiment, the magnesium:calcium ratio is determined by the divalent cation liquid used in the precipitation procedure (e.g., seawater, money, water, fresh water) 'fine in other specific yoke examples, the ratio of magnesium:calcium is Adjust to fall within a certain range. The precipitation rate also has a large effect on the formation of the compound phase. The fastest precipitation is achieved by the secondary crystal X solution. If there is no phytocrystal, rapid precipitation can be achieved by the rate of mass increase = the pH of the divalent cation aqueous solution, which produces a more amorphous: π. When g dream stone exists, the reaction rate is faster, and more dream stones are combined with the charcoal acid sensitive temple. The higher the p, the faster the precipitation and the more amorphous the precipitation. The ruthenium group is prepared from a monovalent cation aqueous solution to form a precipitate of the desired deposit 201012755, including the solution temperature and the cations of the specific embodiment, and the ionic species in the divalent cation aqueous solution d may include, for example, a mixing rate, a heterogeneous form (eg, super Sonic) In the real off, '峨 conditions include oversaturated conditions, = this / acid r r cycle or change. The test material used to prepare the root = compound (4) may be batch or , 'be. We will understand that the precipitation conditions for making a given precipitate in a continuous flow system can vary from batch system to batch system. ❹ In a particular embodiment, the scale method additionally includes contacting the source of the second ship in a mineral precipitation condition with a % source. Contact of the divalent cation aqueous solution with the c〇2 source can occur during and/or after the cationic solution is in a C〇2 sedimentation condition. Accordingly, a particular embodiment of the invention includes a method in which the volume of the cationic solution is placed under conditions of mineral sinking after contact with the body of the divalent cation aqueous solution. Particular embodiments of the invention include a method in which the volume of the divalent cation aqueous solution is contacted with a source of CO 2 while the volume of the divalent cation solution is in the precipitation condition of the carbonate and/or bicarbonate hydrate. Specific embodiments of the invention include a method in which the volume of the aqueous solution of divalent cations is contacted with a source of C〇2 such that the volume of the cationic solution is under conditions of salt and/or bicarbonate precipitation. Specific embodiments of the present invention include a method in which the volume of the aqueous divalent cation solution is contacted with C?2# and at the same time the volume of the cationic solution is in the precipitation condition of the carbonate and/or hydrogencarbonate compound. In some embodiments, the same divalent cation solution can be circulated more than once 'the first one of which precipitates 42 201012755 % mainly removes the carbonic acid magnesium carbonate mineral and leaves residual alkali to add other soil ion sources The towel can also allow more dioxi = more carbonate and/or bicarbonate to pass through the exhaust stream containing the oxidizing agent (such as by factories such as coal-fired mud plants, beneficiation operations, Chemical processing plants and similar plants 7

The by-product of the sequence) is a conventional process for the system and method for producing aggregates: the gas stream may additionally comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of carbon monoxide, nitrogen, sx, sulfur oxides (s〇x), sulfides , halides, particulate matter ^ = and dust) components; metals and metal-containing compounds, radioactive materials and suitable: organic materials for use in the systems and methods of the present invention. Exhaust gas stream containing c〇2 contains, original (such as wire, transfer syngas, scorpion, hydrogen and the like) and oxygen ^ conditional flow (such as 峨 峨 卜 本 本 本 特定 特定 特定 特定 特定 特定 特定 特定 特定 特定 特定 特定 特定 特定 特定Flue gas, turbocharged gas, gas produced gas, transferred coal gasification gas, gas produced by anaerobic digestion tank, natural gas stream at the wellhead, reconstituted natural gas or acetylate and the like. The skilled artisan will recognize that combustion gases of any conventional source can be used to make aggregates. In certain embodiments, combustion gases in the exhaust fumes can be burned after use in factories such as power plants, water/hydrogen and coal processing plants. In various embodiments, the combustion gas comprises substantially pure carbon dioxide or a plurality of components comprising carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and one or more additional gases. The additional gases and other components may comprise c, mercury, and It is heavy metal and dust particles (such as derived from calcination and combustion procedures). The external components in the gas stream may also include halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride; particulate matter such as fly ash, dust and metals, including strontium and barium. Boron, ore, chromium, chromium VI, 43 201012755 cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium, tellurium, antimony and vanadium; and organic matter such as hydrocarbons, dioxin and PHA compounds. In various embodiments, such One or more of the additional components are precipitated in a precipitate formed by contacting an exhaust stream containing such additional components with an aqueous solution containing divalent cations such as alkaline earth metal ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+. When S02 is contained in a gas stream, calcium and magnesium sulfates and sulfites may precipitate in the precipitate, and the precipitate may additionally contain calcium and/or magnesium carbonate. Those skilled in the art will be aware of the industrial waste gas. Providing a relatively rich source of combustion gases, the methods and systems can also be applied to remove combustion gas components from lower concentration sources (eg, atmospheric air) containing concentrations that are much lower than, for example, flue gas pollutants. In some embodiments, the methods and systems encompass reducing the concentration of contaminants in the atmospheric air by creating a stable precipitate and then using the procedures outlined herein to produce aggregates. In such cases, the atmosphere The concentration of pollutants in the gas can be reduced by 1〇0/〇 or more, 20% or more, 30% or more, 40% or more, 5% or more, 60°/〇 or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 99% or more, 99.9% or more 'or 99.99%. This reduction in atmospheric pollutants can be described herein. The yield is either achieved at a higher or lower yield and can be accomplished in a sinking step or in a series of sinking steps. In some embodiments, the C〇2 source is associated with a divalent cation (eg, soil testing) The metal cation) aqueous solution is contacted at some point during the process, such as before, during or after the aqueous divalent cation solution is in the precipitation condition. The C 〇 2 source in contact with the aqueous divalent cation solution may be any conventional c 〇 source. The 〇2 source can be a gas, a liquid, a solid (such as dry ice), a supercritical 44 201012755 body, or a C奋2 liquid. In a particular embodiment, the c〇2 source is a gas = 〇2 source. This gaseous c〇2 source is, in certain cases, a waste material derived from the plant (ie, a by-product of the plant's activity program). The nature of the plant may vary among such embodiments, with plants of interest including power plants. Chemical processing plant machinery processing plant, refinery, cement plant, steel plant and other plants that manufacture fuel combustion of C〇2 or by-products of another processing step (such as calcination of cement plants). The gas stream can be substantially pure C02 may comprise a plurality of components comprising C02 and one or more additional gases. A plurality of different exhaust streams may be treated to utilize a plurality of combustion gas components. Suitable exhaust streams have, in certain embodiments, from 200 ppm to 1,000,000 ppm. , such as 200, 〇〇〇ppm to 1000ppm, including 200,000ppm to 2000ppm, such as i3〇, 〇〇〇pprn to 2000ppm, the amount of C〇2. The waste stream may contain one or more additional components, such as water, NOx (-nitrogen oxides: NO and n〇2), SOx (-sulfur oxides: s〇, S〇2 and SO3), voc (volatile organic compounds), heavy metals such as mercury and particulate matter (suspended in gases) Solid or liquid particles) The waste streams can be produced by a number of different types of plants. Waste streams suitable for the present invention include waste streams from the burning of fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas) and naturally occurring organic fuel deposits (e.g., tar sands). Human fuel product, heavy oil, oil shale, etc. In some embodiments, the waste stream suitable for use in the system and method of the present invention is derived from a pulverized coal power plant, a supercritical coal power plant, and a co-firing coal power generation. Plant, fluidized bed coal power plant, gas or oil-fired boiler and steam turbine power plant, gas or oil boiler, simple cycle gas turbine power plant or gas or oil-fired boiler compound cycle gas thirst 45 201012755 round power plant. In some embodiments, a waste stream produced by a power plant that combusts syngas (i.e., a gas produced by vaporizing organic matter (e.g., coal, biomass, etc.)) is used. In some embodiments, the use is derived from Integrating a waste stream of a gasification cycle (IGCC) plant. In some embodiments, a waste stream produced by a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) plant is in accordance with the system and method of the present invention Used to make aggregates. In certain embodiments, substantially NOx, SOx, and/or CO2 contained in the flue gas of a 1 〇〇〇/0 power plant is used to make precipitates for aggregates. The sediment can be produced by a single precipitation step or multiple precipitation steps. The processing of C〇2 can additionally include other procedures, such as 'decreasing the concentration of CO 2 in the flue gas (such as by incorporating C〇2 into the sink) Medium), a previously prohibited energy intensive procedure may be implemented to remove residual CO 2 in the exhaust stream. In some embodiments, the gas entering the power plant (eg, general atmospheric air) may comprise a C〇2 concentration that is greater than the smoke The concentration of C〇2 in the flue gas leaving the power plant when the gas has been treated. As such, systems and methods encompass the supply of c〇2 containing gas (eg, atmospheric air) to a power plant; processing the gas in a power plant (eg, by burning fossil fuels to consume 〇2 and producing additional c〇2); The treated gas is released by removing ❹C〇2; and self-generating enthalpy, wherein the gas released from the power plant has a C〇2 content lower than that of the gas supplied to the power plant. In some embodiments, the gas evolved from the power plant comprises at least 10% less than the gas entering the power plant, at least 20% less C2, at least 30% less CO2, less than 40% less C〇2 At least 50% C〇2, at least 6〇%C〇2, at least 70% C〇2, at least 80% C〇2, at least 9〇%c〇2, at least 95% C〇2 At least 99% C02, at least 99.5% C02 or at least 46 201012755 99.9% C〇2. In some embodiments, the gas system entering the power plant is atmospheric air and the gas system leaving the power plant is treated with a gas. Waste streams produced by cement plants are also suitable for use in the systems and methods of the present invention. The cement plant waste stream comprises waste streams derived from wet and dry process plants, which may use a shaft kiln or a rotary kiln, or may include a pre-calciner. Each of these plants can burn a single fuel or burn two or more fuels sequentially or simultaneously. • Obtained from a chimney containing combustion gases burning fossils or biofuels

Factory exhaust gases, such as flue gases, are suitable for use in the exhaust gases of the systems and methods of the present invention. Carbon dioxide can also be produced by other industrial processes, such as the calcination of minerals in cement plants. The composition of the flue gas can vary. In some embodiments, the amount of C〇2 in the flue gas can range from 350 ppm to 400,000 ppm, such as from 2000 ppm to 200,000 Ppm, and includes from 2 ppm to 180,000 ppm. Other components as disclosed herein may also be present in the flue gas (e.g., water, NOx, SOx, heavy metals such as mercury, and particulate matter). The flue temperature φ can also be different. In some embodiments, the temperature of the flue gas ranges from 0 °C to 2000C, such as from 60 °C to 7000 °C, and includes 1 Torr. 〇 to 4〇〇. Hey. The exhaust gas stream can be supplied by the workers: to the sedimentation site, any conventional means of transporting the exhaust gas stream from the waste to the sedimentation plant. In some embodiments, the exhaust &gt;&apos;&apos;IL is provided as a gas conveyor (e.g., a conduit) that is operated from one location of the plant (e.g., a factory flue) to one or more locations of the sink site. The source of the exhaust stream may be the end position relative to the /placement location such that the source of the exhaust stream is 1 inch or more away from the sinking position, such as 10 inches or more, including 100 inches or more. For example, the exhaust stream can be transported to a sedimentation site by a remote plant via a CO 2 gas delivery system, such as a pipeline. The factory produces or has not been processed (eg, other components are removed) before it reaches the site of precipitation (ie, where precipitation and/or aggregate formation is made). In still other embodiments, the source of the exhaust stream is near the point of precipitation. For example, the site of the sink is integrated with the source of the exhaust stream, such as a power plant that integrates a precipitation reactor to precipitate precipitates that can be used to make aggregates. A portion of the exhaust stream originating from the plant (i.e., not the entire exhaust stream) can be used to make precipitates and then produce aggregates. In such particular embodiments, the portion of the exhaust stream that is used for precipitation of the precipitate may be 75% or less, such as 6% or less, and includes 50% or less. In still other embodiments, substantially all of the exhaust stream produced by the plant (e.g., 80% or more) is used to precipitate precipitates suitable for use in making the aggregates of the present invention. In these specific embodiments, 80% or more, such as 90% or more, including 95% or more, up to 1%%, the exhaust gas stream generated by the source (such as flue gas) can be used in the sinking hall. The sinking of things in the temple. As indicated above, the exhaust stream can be obtained from a similar structure of a flue or factory. In these particular embodiments, a line (e.g., a conduit) is coupled to the helium flue to allow gas to exit the flue via the line and to the location of the sinking system. Depending on the particular configuration at the point of use of the exhaust stream, the source location of the exhaust stream may be different (e.g., to provide a waste stream having a suitable or desired temperature). As such, in certain embodiments, the exhaust gas stream has a range from 0 ° C to 180 (TC temperature, such as 60 ° C ^ 700 ° C 'can be at the point of departure of the boiler or gas turbine, kiln or power plant The chimney provides the flue gas at any point of the desired temperature. If necessary, the smoke system maintains a temperature above the dew point (eg, 125 ° C) to avoid condensation and related complexity. Above the dew point, certain steps can be taken to reduce the adverse effects of condensation (eg using stainless steel conduits, fluorocarbons (eg poly(tetrafluoroethylene)) lines, water dilution and pH control) so that the catheter does not change rapidly Bad. Any conventional experimental procedure can be used to bring the volume of water into contact with the CO 2 source. For C 〇 2 gas, the contact test procedure of interest includes (but is not limited to): direct contact with the experimental procedure, such as starting the gas The volume of the bubble passing through the seawater, the parallel contact method, that is, the contact between the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow in the unidirectional flow, the retrograde method, that is, the contact between the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow in the reverse flow, and the like. Contact can be dip , A bubbler jet

The use of Venturi reactors, sprinklers, gas filters, sprayers, trays or filled column reactions and the use of convenient analogs is accomplished. In a specific embodiment t, the natural floating of the fresh or small (5) solution droplets of the straight county is in contact with the gas system in the chamber. After the carbonate mineral precipitate is produced from water, the resulting precipitated carbonate mineral composition is separated from the mother liquor to produce an individual carbonate mineral precipitate product. The separation of the sacred objects can be achieved by any conventional method, including mechanical means = such as the overall excess of water from the age of the sinking 'if only by gravity or another two mechanical presses, by the mother liquor n grades to produce liquids, etc. Out. The separation of the whole water produces - wet, dewatered sediment. In some embodiments, the resulting dewatering matter is then dried: it can be achieved by air drying the liquid. When air-dried, it should be taken, and air drying can be carried out at a temperature ranging from _7〇&lt;tS 12〇〇c. In 49 201012755 special implementation of the specific shot, dry _ by Cheng, which cold beam sinks the temple, reduces the surrounding pressure 7 force ^ reach (ie beads dry) in the material of the water directly from the cold H phase Enough to make the material in the specific embodiment, the body is dried by the mouth. In another drying, such as transferring the liquid to the exhaust stream of the m plant via an atomizer, and the helium is passed in parallel with the direction of the atomizer or retrograde through the hot drying test procedure, the drying station may include "', '.疋〇, spray-drying structure, etc.. In the specific concrete, cold, dry, self-generating waste or similar operation, the waste heat is used for the drying step = when the source is necessary, the sinking matter can be after the sinking hall and Store in the mother liquor for a period of time before separation. For example, 'from the range of the temperature to the temperature of the hearing, such as Cong to 25C' (10) stored in the mother liquor _ Da - paragraph range from 丨 to 诵 day or longer (such as several years New Ten Years or longer), such as 丨 to 〇 〇. At the stage of the water-sinking cake, several exemplary methods can be used to make aggregates. In some cases, the cake can react with fresh water to produce A set of different solid precipitation compounds that are more stable in light water and then processed further to produce aggregates. In some cases, the cake can be subjected to artificial lithification, ie the temperature and pressure of artificially making rocks. Under conditions, it can be further processed. In this case, the filter cake can be passed through an extruder. In some of these cases, the procedure can be carried out without the use of adhesives to produce synthetic rock, such as aggregates, which does not contain a binder or has a minimum amount of binder. In other cases, one or more binders are used. 50 201012755 The Re-(10) Substance_New Green includes the following combinations of two ways to form a solid product in the sinking matter—the freshwater Γ metastable carbonic acid derivative has been converted into The final fate of the second ', form. Strictly controlled by the water content of the wet 'can control the maximum volume of 4 〇 60 and the final strength and density. Generally, the wet cake will be the volume of water. For tighter aggregates , wet cake will be &lt;50%

The water, in the less compact filter cake, the wet cake will be &gt; 5% water. The hardened, &apos;obtained&apos; product can then be mechanically added, such as crushed or comminuted and classified to produce aggregates of desired characteristics (e.g., size, specific shape, etc.). In such procedures, the setting and mechanical processing steps can be carried out in a substantially continuous manner or at different times. In a particular embodiment, a large volume of precipitate can be stored in an open environment where the precipitate is exposed to the atmosphere. For the solidification step, the precipitate may be rinsed with fresh water or fresh water on it in a conventional manner, or naturally exposed to fresh water to produce a solidified product. The solidified product is then mechanically processed as described above. In an embodiment of an embodiment of the invention, the sediment is mechanically dispersed in a uniform manner to a depth of interest, such as up to 12 inches, such as 1 by a belt wheeler and a high speed grading machine. Up to 12 inches, including 6 to 12 inches. The dispersion is then rinsed with fresh water in a conventional ratio, such as one/half gallon of water per cubic inch of precipitate. Then, using steel rolls, such as those used for compacting asphalt, press it several times to tighten the object. The surface is repeatedly cleaned on a regular basis, such as on a weekly basis, until the article exhibits the desired chemical and mechanical properties, at which point the material is machined into aggregates by crushing. 51 201012755 In the procedure of using temperature and Lili, the dehydrated/children's version is generally dried first. Then let Lai be exposed to heavy water and increase the temperature and pressure, and σ for a specific time. The amount of water added, the temperature, the pressure and the exposure time, 'and σ and the thickness of the cake can be varied according to the composition of the starting material and the desired, and the fruit is dried. The experimental procedure is exposed to 40 ° C. 24-48 hours. Add water back to the desired percentage, such as to ι% _ stomach. For example, 1/〇-10/〇' is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 100/〇 weight/weight. The thickness and size of the cake may be adjusted as necessary; in certain embodiments, the thickness may vary from 0.05 inches to 5 inches, such as 〇1_2 inches or ©0.3-1 inches. The cake is then exposed to a combination of increased temperature and pressure by any conventional means, such as in a platen press using a hot platen, for a given period of time. The heat of the plates can be provided by the heat of an industrial waste stream such as a flue gas stream. The temperature can be any suitable temperature. In general, a thicker filter cake requires a higher temperature; an example of a temperature range is 4 (M5 (rc, such as 60-120C, such as 7G-llGt, or 8G_1G (rc. Similarly, pressure) It can be any pressure suitable to produce the desired result; exemplary pressures include 1000-100,000 barriers per square inch (psi), including 2〇〇〇5〇, _psi, or 〇2000-25,000 psi, or 2__2〇, _ (d) 'or·_5_ ^. Finally, the time for pressing the filter cake can be any suitable time, such as M〇〇 minutes, or 1-50 minutes, or 2_25 minutes. Then, the resulting hard piece can be viewed, for example, by being placed outside and Stored, cured by placing in a chamber that is in high humidity and high heat, etc. These solidified hard sheets are then used as building materials themselves or crushed to make aggregates. The method of increasing the temperature and pressure of the cake is carried out by means of an extruder 52 201012755 (such as a spiral type extruder). The sleeve of the extruder reaches an elevated temperature; the elevated temperature can be supplied by, for example, a cigarette. Used as preheating and two buckets before the press operation. This pressure The material can be turned over by compressing the mold, via a light, =6 square (which can actually provide any desired agglomerate shape = between compression belts or any other conventional method) In the feeding section of the pressure reducer, the screw can be heated to assist the program. The spiral turns the delicious mold to further reduce the depth. When compressing. _ device ° == in the spiral sweeping hole in the wealth and in the spiral and barrel can contain the venting zone. Especially in the hot extrusion H m minus the σ anastomosis when the pressure is reduced from the transport agglomerated cap The material is removed from the ventilated area, and then the vapor is then forced to transport the material (4) and the material is molded. The mold, the slave, the further extrusion shape, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, etc., the road, the inner opening can be a circle Both the shape and the elliptical shape can be formed by any method that adjusts the opening/shape of the final aggregate, such as by a flying knife, and can be cut into any material by any conventional length of 0.05 to 6 materials. Customary length. Fan Yuan. Typical diameter can be 〇 5 inches ^ 呀 'Although the length may exceed these ranges beyond this.,, to 1,0 inches, although the diameter may be known to the use of the r-mode segment can be converted by the sigma, σ-speed metastable carbonate minerals into 53 201012755 Hard, stable form and further conducive to aggregates in the binder reading to harden the wire _ sticky! ^ 丨. Lin can also use loot to _. (: temperature. 敎 tungsten mold ^. hot mold section usually f The process of making gas or other materials for the installation of the temple first sends the flue to the mold to heat the hot smoke. It is not intended to be limited by theory. The above is considered to be moved to the f-mode. © by re-adjusting Gu, cake t The compound is formed into a chemical system. The form is not required to cause the adhesive to be ruptured or crushed by the outer adhesive. Therefore, the retention: acid complex two = vermiculite hardness of at least 2.5 M 〇 hS, or at least 3, or m 〇 hs, or 3_8 Mohs, or 3_6 M 〇 hs, or 2 German also. The binder may be added to the carbonate ore before the formation of the aggregates == together to provide structural stability or to fix the powder to the proper location and for further processing. Blood is not limited to Portland cement, fly ash, Shi Xi stone, and twisted samples (but 悴 悴 、, 二 仙 胶 or its two binders include those that become relatively fluid during heating and are hardened again during cooling) These binders provide processing assistance when squeezing and bonding mineral powders together. Examples of such binders include advancing and teaching plastic polymers such as red olefins, which reduce their interest in silk filaments for themselves or with minerals. The raw materials are chemically reacted to form coated and bonded minerals. Examples of such adhesives include thermosetting resins such as Epoxy Resin II, 2010-12755=May, or Fat and Reactive Inorganic Materials such as Portland Cement, Dish义和石灰.g When using a binder, 'depending on the nature of the mineral raw material', using any suitable age agent rate; in the specific implementation of the material, the effect _ / 0 to 50% weight / weight, such as 〇 1% to 2% , or 〇 5仏10% ' or 0.5% to 5%, or 〇.5% to 2%.

The post-formation plus X may include further step-wise moisture treatment, drying, sintering or sensitive design techniques for accelerating or completing any desired chemical reaction or morphological change. Other post-additions may include, for example, # crushing or grinding to reduce particle agglomeration or purity. The particle size of the swivel can be separated or separated by filtration. In some cases, the particle size of the aggregate may be / (ie, relatively similar particle size) and in other cases, the difference in particle size / aggregated by the invention as outlined in the above-described formation technique The body's abnormal report is large. The desired properties can be tailored to the aggregate by controlling the size, shape, surface texture and internal pore structure of the aggregate. - In some embodiments, the aggregates of the present invention can be processed into a shape having an aspect ratio wherein the length is substantially longer than its width. Thus, substantially longer than "intended to be in the range of 2 to 100 times longer, such as 5 to 5 times longer, including 5 to 10 times longer. Aggregates having a high aspect ratio may be due to longitudinal orientation along their long axis It is possible to improve the flow properties of concrete and the aggregation of aggregates. In some cases, the aggregates of the invention may be in the shape of a round file, tube or capsule (3A). By "capsule" is meant a cylindrical tube having rounded edges. In this case, the agglomerated system of the present invention has a meandering shape, and the term "prism" is used in the conventional sense to mean that the n-side polygon bottom and the n-side are connected to the corresponding side. The triangular aggregates (ie, η=3) provided by the rider can have high concrete flow properties and can provide extremes. 四 (4) In the context of the invention, the invention includes the shape and the mouthpiece. The aggregate mixture can have shapes including, but not limited to, 稜鏡 + '5! spheres, polygons, cylinders, triangles, arcs, rings, spheres, ellipses, stars, discs, and any combination thereof. Depending on the intended use of the milk mouth, the type and number of different shapes in the mixture may vary. The type and number of shapes in the mixture may be equally distributed or may be in a shape having a higher percentage than the others. In a specific embodiment, the collective mixture of the present month may be of a different shape, but with a slightly varying particle size. By ', only a slight change, means that the particle size deviation is no more than 0.05 inches in some embodiments, or no more than 1 inch in some embodiments, or in some embodiments. No more than 2 inches. In another specific embodiment, the aggregate mixture can have different sizes, but have similar or identical shapes (e.g., triangular lumps aggregates of different sizes). In another embodiment, the shape and size of the aggregate mixture can vary. The invention also provides a mixture of aggregates comprising particles of the same shape and size. In an exemplary embodiment, the aggregate mixture of the present invention comprises aggregates of different shapes and sizes. The voids between larger aggregates can be occupied by smaller aggregates reducing the total space between the aggregated particles. This allows the strong and long-lasting aggregate base to reduce the cement content in roads and concrete. 56 201012755

To increase the shape of the particles filling the porosity of the aggregate bed. Illustrated and guilty Demonstrating exemplary aggregates of this category (respectively, jumping grading spheres, and &amp; opening/) 纟 specific embodiment towel, the open void can remain unfilled to provide higher Porosity and liquid flow through the material. In a particular embodiment, the open void can be filled with cement to produce a high cement content coagulation or M non-reactive fill. The voids created by a mixture of similar shapes of similar size may also be filled with polymeric materials or other structural support features. The aggregates of the invention may also be formed along one or more axes of aggregate particles • having one or more connected open spaces. In some cases, the aggregate may be in the form of a hollow cylinder or a polygonal crucible containing tubular voids extending through the aggregate (see Figures 3F, 3G and 3H). Such structures can be produced by extrusion, molding or making of pores of solid polymeric particles. The open space in the aggregate can be filled later (such as cement, polymer fibers, etc.) or can remain unfilled. Another embodiment provided by the present invention is a hollow aggregate. Hollow aggregates can have any shape (e.g., spherical, dished, polygonal prism, etc.) and size and have one or more substantially empty internal voids. ", substantially empty" means that the internal pores are contained in the voids in the internal pores, and the voids are in the shape of a hole in the shape of a hole in the outer layer of the shell. For example, a groove with an external groove helps any money body to flow through the packed aggregate bed. The external groove can be produced by engraving into the flat arm, /, and pressing the aggregate. ^In or ❹ is a non-arbitrarily spaced groove) or ". The grooves may also be created directly across the surface of the aggregate or may have a curved pattern. f implementation of the financial record 1 can be formed into a combination of t-collective 1 hybrid sub-hybrid molding: external grooves can be embedded in the grooves of other aggregate particles. The particles can be tight (ie, the grooves are tightly embedded to reduce the gap between the particles) or dance. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a plurality of I-shaped external groove shaped aggregate shapes may be combined to produce a smooth, durable surface, but still allow for any desired liquid helium collective . A specific embodiment of the present invention is a spherical aggregate having an outer groove == (well-gradedX, ie, the average sentence covers a plurality of sizes). The embodiment may include an outer groove having a plurality of shapes and an open space through the center eight The fluid is allowed to pass through the aggregates of the aggregate particles. In the specific embodiment, the 'aggregate shape' or more includes the = body flowing through the material (as described above). An exemplary aggregate mixture having different poly(tetra) particle groups is illustrated in Figures 3I, 3J, 3K and as described above, and the aggregate composition of the present invention comprises a genus 58 201012755

Shapes and clustering particles based on the surface of the aggregates (eg, using the desired properties of the aggregates). The shape of the money cluster includes (but is not limited to): circular, irregular, thin moon, angular / elongated, slender, semi-angular, semi-circular, high roundness, eve Shape, cylinder, sphere, triangle, arc, ring, habitat, ς round, star, 稜鏡 and any combination thereof. The surface texture of exemplary aggregates includes, but is not limited to, surface textures selected from the group consisting of: chords, smooth, granules, crevices, grooves, crystals, honeycombs, and mixtures thereof. Figure 1 provides a schematic flow diagram of an assembly manufacturing process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In the specific real towel depicted in Figure i, the waste gas stream 30 is first charged with an aqueous solution of a divalent cation (1〇) such as Ca2+4Mg2+ to produce a precipitated reaction mixture containing C〇2, and then the reaction mixture is subjected to precipitation. Under conditions. In some embodiments, the CO 2 feed and precipitation can occur simultaneously, as in a single piece of silk scarf. As depicted in the figure, the exhaust gas stream 30 is combined with the divalent cation enthalpy in the precipitation step 2〇 into the divalent cation aqueous solution, and the component (4) is contacted to produce (for example) carbonic acid or bicarbonate. And carbonate ions. Likewise, exhaust components such as SOx and NOx form aqueous sulfur and nitrogen containing species. As such, the incorporation of water causes, for example, an increase in the C〇2 content of the water in the form of carbonic acid, bicarbonate, and carbonate ions, which results in a concomitant decrease in the partial pressure of C〇2 in the waste stream in contact with water. The precipitation reaction mixture may be acidic, having a pH of 6 or lower, such as 5 or lower and including a pH of 4 or lower; however, as described in further detail herein, the precipitation reaction mixture is formed by charging an aqueous divalent cation solution at 59 201012755 Previously, the precipitation reaction mixture was made alkaline (pH 7 or higher, such as PH8, 9, 1 〇, u or 12). In a specific embodiment, the concentration of c〇2 used in the exhaust gas for water is ι% or higher '2% or higher, 4% or higher, 8% or higher, 1% or higher, ιι% or higher '12% or higher' 13% or higher, 14 % or higher, 15% or higher, 20% or higher '25% or higher, including 5% or higher, such as 75% or even higher. In some embodiments, the exhaust gas contains other Components such as sulfur oxides (SOx); nitrogen oxides (Ν〇χ); heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead, antimony and the like; radioactive materials; particulate matter; volatile organic constituents and the like. One or more of the fractions may also enter the solution to form an aqueous solution. For example, sox may enter the solution in the form of sulfate and/or sulfite; In the form of an acid salt and/or a nitrite; mercury enters the solution in the form of vaporized water, etc. In certain embodiments, the contact conditions are adjusted such that, in addition to C〇2, the other components of the exhaust gas are The gas phase is moved into the aqueous phase, such as sox&amp;/or mercury, which is eventually enriched in the aggregate of the invention. The contact experimental procedure of interest includes (but is not limited to) direct contact with the experimental procedure 'if the gas is bubbled through the water The volume and parallel contact mode, that is, the contact between the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow in a unidirectional flow, the retrograde mode, that is, the contact between the gas phase flow and the liquid phase flow in the reverse flow, the cross flow mode, and the like. Contact can be accomplished via a leacher, bubbler, jet Venturi reactor, sprayer, gas filter, sprayer, tray or packed column reactor, and the like for ease of use. In one example, the contact is carried out via a 201012755 cross-flow contactor that flows in a direction perpendicular to the plate of water or other liquid. In one embodiment, a naturally floating solution droplet having a diameter of 5 microns or less is The gas system is contacted in the chamber. In the sinking step 20, the carbonate and/or bicarbonate compounds are precipitated. The precipitation conditions of interest include those in which they change the physical environment of the water to produce the desired precipitated product. For example, Increasing the temperature of the water to a value suitable for precipitation of the desired carbonate compound. In such embodiments, the water temperature can be provided to a value from 5 to 70. The value of 〇, such as 2 〇 to 5 〇〇 c And includes 25 to Φ 45 C. As such, although a given set of precipitation conditions can have a temperature ranging from 〇 to 100 ° C, in certain embodiments the temperature can be increased to produce the desired precipitate. In the examples, the temperature is extracted using energy generated by low or zero carbon dioxide sources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, and the like. In some embodiments, the temperature is increased by the heat of the flue gas. When the water 2pH is during the established precipitation procedure, it can vary from 7 to 14, and in a particular embodiment, the pH is raised to a basic value as necessary to drive precipitation of the carbonate mineral. In these particular embodiments, the pH is increased to a minimum (if not eliminated) value of C 〇 2 gas generation during precipitation. In these particular embodiments, 卩1^ can be raised to 10 or more, such as 11 or higher. If necessary, use any conventional method to increase the pH of the water. In a particular embodiment, a pH enhancing agent can be used, wherein examples of such agents include oxides, hydroxides (such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, brucite), carbonates (such as sodium carbonate), and the like. Things. The amount of pH enhancer added to the brine source will depend on the particular nature of the reagent and the volume of saline to be modified and will be sufficient to increase the pH of the brine source to the desired value. Alternatively, the pH of the brine source can be increased to the desired value by electrolysis of water. 201012755 c〇2 Feed and carbonate mineral precipitation can occur in a continuous process or in different steps. As such, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention, the feed and precipitation can occur in the same reactor of a system, as illustrated in step 2 of Figure 1. In still other embodiments of the invention, the two steps may occur in different reactors by first charging C〇2 into the water of the feed reactor and then subjecting the resulting C02-containing water to a separate precipitation condition. In the reactor. Amorphous vermiculite in the aggregate product may be desirable, for example, to improve the hardness and durability of the aggregate product. The cerium-containing material may be added to the aqueous divalent cation solution before the exhaust gas such as a combustion gas (e.g., a gas containing C 〇 2) is charged into the water. In such embodiments, the vermiculite is added with a pH enhancing agent, such as fly ash derived from coal. Since the fly ash (i.e., CaO) oxide content&apos; adds fly ash to the divalent cation aqueous solution will substantially increase the pH which will help the vermiculite dissolve in the fly ash. When the carbon dioxide-containing exhaust gas is charged into the divalent cation alkaline solution containing dissolved vermiculite, carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid, which rapidly dissociates into carbonate ions. The presence of carbonate ions in the concentration of the sinking chamber allows the formation of carbonate compounds, which can simultaneously be inserted into the meteorites of the sinking hall. After the sedimentation reaction mixture produces a sinking matter, the sinking matter is separated from the precipitated reaction mixture to produce a separation chamber, as illustrated in the step of Fig. 1. The separation of the precipitate from the precipitation reaction mixture utilizes a variety of conventional methods, including drainage (eg, sedimentation of the precipitate after gravity sedimentation, followed by drainage), decantation, filtration (eg gravity filtration, vacuum filtration, forced air filtration), centrifugation, pressing ( Pressing, or any combination thereof, achieves a separation of the whole water to produce a wet, dewatered precipitate. 62 201012755

The resulting dewatered precipitate can then be dried as appropriate to produce a dry sink as shown in step 60 of Figure i. Drying can be achieved by air drying. When air-drying sediments, air drying can be carried out at room temperature or at a higher temperature in a specific implementation, and higher temperatures are stored by reading and listening. In this type of implementation, (4) exhaust streams from power plants (such as flue) Gas) is used in the drying step, wherein the exhaust stream can have a temperature ranging from the sun to 70 CTC, such as hunger to Wc. The exhaust stream can be indirectly heated with a gas (e.g., air) in the drying phase during the drying phase. The desired temperature, based on the specificity of the exhaust gas and the configuration of the plant, may be in the exhaust stream by means of a factory location suitable for the location, such as in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) or at a specific distance above the flue. A gas conveyor (such as a conduit) is provided. In another embodiment, the sinking system is sprayed dry to the money, and the towel containing the sediment is fed to the pure stream of the gas-fired power plant, for example, by fog. H will (10) pass through the main drying chamber and pass it in parallel with the direction of the regulator. Faced with the implementation of the ship, the dry 2 is achieved by cold green dry (ie green), in which cold private property, reduce the surrounding pressure, add enough _ to make the hungry towel more sublimate. Depending on the specific dry process, the dry _ may include financial components, cold-constructed structures, spray-dried structures, and the like. The fine substance derived from the separation reaction 11 (10) can be washed before drying, as described in the step 5G. The water is cleaned (for example) to remove bribes from decontamination (10). The π-wash water used can be transferred (for example) by (iv) its money discarded in the tailings pond, ocean, 63 201012755 sea, lake, etc. In step 70, the dry precipitate is processed as necessary to provide the desired aggregate product. As noted above, this step can include contacting the precipitate with fresh water (with or without drying) to produce a set of products, followed by mechanical addition of the set of products to produce the desired aggregate. In a particular embodiment, a system is used to perform the above methods, wherein such systems include those described in more detail below. B. Coagulable Composition An additional embodiment of the present invention is a settable solidifying composition comprising a hydraulic cement and a C〇2 clamped aggregate of the present invention; the composition solidifies and hardens by the addition of an aqueous fluid such as water, such as Into concrete or plaster. The term "water cement" includes its conventional meaning to mean a composition which solidifies and hardens upon combination with water or a solution, wherein the solvent is water, such as a blend solution. The combination of the cement of the present invention and an aqueous liquid produces The solidification and hardening of the product is due to the formation of hydrates formed by cement after reaction with water, wherein the hydrate is essentially insoluble in water. ° The aggregates of the invention are found to be useful in replacing conventional Portland with pure Portland. Conventional natural rock aggregates used in cement combination. Other hydraulic cements of interest are Portland cement blends in a particular embodiment. The term ''Portland cement blend,' refers to Porter A hydraulic cement composition of a blue cement component and a significant amount of a non-Portland cement component. When the cement of the present invention is a Portland cement blend, the cement includes a wave-cement component. Portland cement component Can be any conventional Portland cement. As is known in the art, 64 201012755 Portland cement is a limited amount of calcium sulfate that is controlled by grinding Portland cement clinker (over 90%) and controlling the setting time. A powder composition produced by up to 5% of minor constituents (as allowed by various standards). When the exhaust gas used to provide carbon dioxide for the reaction is contained, a sufficient amount of sulfate may be present in the form of calcium sulfate in the precipitated mineral of cement or aggregate. To compensate for the demand for additional carbonic acid. As defined by the European standard EN 197.1, Portland cement clinker should be made up of at least two-thirds (mass;) of calcium citrate (3Ca〇.si〇2 and ❿ 2CaOSi〇2) a hydraulic material consisting of the remainder of the composition of aluminum and iron-containing clinker and other compounds. The ratio of CaO to SiO2 should not be less than 2.0. The magnesium content (Mg〇) should not exceed 5.0 mass. Regarding the Mg lanthanide, magnesium bismuth oxide and brucite may be formed later in the solidification reaction to cause deformation and weakening and cracking of the cement. In the case of cement containing carbonic acid, no brucite will be formed because it may contain MgC. ^ In a specific embodiment, the present - Ming Portland cement composition is any specification that meets ASTM standards and C 150 (Type I-VIII) of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM C50 - Portland Cement Standard Specification) Portland cement. ASTM C 15〇 covers eight types of Portland cement, each with different properties and specifically for their properties. Also interested in hydraulic cement is carbonated hydraulic cement. This carbonated hydraulic cement, The method of manufacture and use is described in US Provisional Application No. 60/931,657, filed May 24, 2007, filed on May 28, 2007, and No. 60/937,786 and 2007, July 28, 2007. U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/017,371, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in Such as a blend of Portland cement and carbonated hydraulic cement. In a particular embodiment, the first cement (eg, Portland cement) content of the blend ranges from 10 to 90% (weight/weight), such as 30 to 70% (weight/weight) and includes 40 to 60% (w/w), such as a blend of 80% 〇PC and 20% carbonated hard cement.

The settable composition of the present invention, such as concrete and plaster, is combined with hydraulic cement and a certain amount of aggregates by simultaneously or by pre-combining cement and aggregates, and then combining the obtained dry components with water (stucco Fine aggregates, such as sand; concrete, coarse aggregates with or without fine aggregates, are produced with water.

The coarse aggregate material of the concrete mixture of the cement composition of the present invention may have a minimum size of about 3/8 inch and the size may vary from a minimum value to one inch or more, including between these limits. The gradient changes. The finely divided aggregates are less than 3/8 inch in size and can be gradually changed from a subtle size to a 200-mesh aperture. Fine aggregates may be present in the mortar and cement of the present invention. The cement to aggregate ratio may differ in the dry composition of the cement and in a particular embodiment ranges from:: 4:1 〇, such as 2:10 to 5:10 and includes 55:1 〇〇 〇 to 7〇: 1〇〇. In the second place, the combination with the remainder can reduce the composition of the composition (such as the liquid phase of the concrete (such as the new fluid) can (4) the water changes to the water containing the agent, etc. The dry component is prepared for the solidification composition (4) • 2 2· Η)' such as 3:1G to 6:1G and includes 4:1() to 6:1. In the examples, 'cement can be mixed with - or a mixture of four blends to add concrete to provide the desired characteristics or improved concrete properties that cannot be obtained with the basic blend (1) 66 201012755 mixture, which is easier to use or more suitable. A composition for a specific purpose or cost reduction. As is known in the art, the blend is any material that is different from hydraulic cement, secrets and water, or that is used as a component of concrete or mortar to enhance some of its characteristics, or to reduce it. Its cost. The amount of blend used can vary, depending on the nature of the blend. In a particular embodiment, the amount of such components can vary from i to 50% w/w, such as from 2 to the secret weight/weight.

Blends of interest include finely divided blends such as cementitious materials, pozzolans; pozzolanic and cementitious materials; nominally inert materials. Volcanic ash includes (four) soil, opal stone, clay, shale, fly ash, Shixia ash, f mountain tuff and some of the known volcanic ash of the stone rock system. The specific granulated blast furnace slag and the high ash fly have a hardening and cementing property. The nominal inert material may also contain finely divided unprocessed quartz, dolomite, limestone, marble, granite and others. Fly ash is defined in ASTMc6i8. Other types of blends of interest include plasticizers, accelerators, retarders, gas carriers, blowing agents, water reducing agents, corrosion inhibitors, and pigments. As such, blends of interest include, but are not limited to, arresting agents, anticoagulants, gas carriers, defoamers, metal reactivity reducing agents, binder blends, dispersants, color blends , brain inhibitors, moisture-proof admixtures, gas generating agents, anti-permeability agents, pumping agents, shrinkage compensation blends, fungicidal blends, bactericidal compounds, insecticidal blends, rheology modifiers, Finely divided mineral cerium, volcanic ash, aggregates, agents, strength enhancers, water repellents and any other concrete or mortar blends or additives. Blends are well-known in the art and can be used in any of the above-mentioned types or any other desired type of 67 201012755 compound; see, for example, U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12A26,776, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. in. In a particular embodiment, the settable solids of the present invention comprise cement in combination with fibers, such as where fiber reinforced concrete is desired. The fibers may be made of materials containing oxides, steel, carbon, fiberglass or synthetic materials such as polypropylene, nylon, polyethylene, polystyrene, snails, high strength aramid (ie 8) or mixtures thereof. The components of the settable composition can be combined using any conventional experimental procedure. The materials can be mixed in the batch or some or all of the materials can be consumed. ❹ Alternatively, some of the material may be mixed with or without a blend of water (e.g., a wide range of water-reducing blends), and then the remaining material may be mixed therewith. Any conventional device can be used as a mixing device. For example, a H〇bart mixer, a tilted drum mixer, an Omni mixer, a Henschel mixer, a v-type mixer, and a Nauta mixer can be used. The components can be solidified after the components are combined to produce a settable composition (e.g., concrete) which will solidify after a predetermined period of time. The setting time may vary from 30 minutes to 48 hours in a particular embodiment, such as from 30 minutes to 24 hours and from 1 hour to 4 hours. The strength of the solidified product may also vary. In particular embodiments, the strength of the set cement may range from 5 MPa to 70 MPa, such as from 1 MPa to 50 MPa and from 20 MPa to 40 MPa. In a particular embodiment, the solidified product made from the cement of the present invention is extremely durable, as measured by the test method described in ASTM C1157. Aspects of the invention additionally include structures made from the aggregates of the invention and the settable composition 68 201012755. The results are as follows: _ 纟 发 发 录 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四The elements of the seawater source are as described above. For example, the mineral component of the concrete component of the concrete is the one that has been produced by seawater, and the seawater marker data containing different elements of the identification amount, such as lock, potassium, sulfur, and sodium, will be recorded.

c. Structure Other specific embodiments include an artificial structure comprising the aggregate of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same. Thus, in certain embodiments, the invention provides a human construct comprising - or a plurality of aggregates as described herein. The man-made structure can be any structure that uses aggregates, such as buildings, water yards, river banks, or any other man-made structure that incorporates polynuclear or rock; Material body

Carbon oxide clamps the poly-slit, has more negative, aggregates and = or any aggregates described herein. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides - comprising a polymeric structure such as a liming, water axis road, wherein the town (4) comprises a co2 derived from a fossil fuel source, such as by a value greater than 1G or less. See if you find the proof. In the case of a listener, the invention provides a man-made structure comprising an aggregate such as a building, a dam or a road, wherein - part or all of the aggregate system - a light aggregate, such as a density of 90_115, and wherein The aggregate has a redundancy value that is more negative than _10 or more than _20. In some embodiments, the structure of the 1G·na collection system is light 69 201012755. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of providing _containing c源自2=collectives derived from a source of fossil fuel, such as obtaining a proof that the value of δ c is more negative than _10 or less than _2〇 And using aggregates to make at least a partial structure. In some specific solid pastes, at least a portion of the aggregation system - light aggregates, such as a density of 9 (M15 ib / ft3 aggregates. 2. Roads in certain embodiments, the invention provides an inclusion of one or A variety of roads of the aggregates of the present invention or road components comprising one or more aggregates of the present invention and methods and systems for making such roads and/or components. Additional remedies of the present invention include obtaining a carbon-clamped transaction commodity In some embodiments, the present invention provides carbon dioxide-clamped roads, i.e., constructed of components, which may comprise one or more aggregates of the present invention, the entire manufacture of which results in C〇2 pliers such as those derived from industrial sources. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a road that can include the aggregates of the present invention, carbon dioxide-clamped cement, forms, and other components, wherein the amount of carbon dioxide produced when manufacturing the road is lower than The amount of carbon dioxide clamped in the road material. The term “road” is used herein to include surface categories commonly used for transportation and leisure. It includes motor vehicles, animal and pedestrian traffic, pedals. Roads for use in transportation of vehicles and any other individual or group of uses. The roads of the present invention may include, but are not limited to, roads, sidewalks, decks, footpaths, paved walkways, and the like, as described in more detail below. For example, gravel road 201012755 is a structured structure and a road that generally comprises two or more layers of flattened and flat concrete. In some embodiments, the invention provides a c〇2 clamped aggregate comprising A road derived from an aggregate of C〇2 of an industrial waste gas source. In some embodiments, the road contains an aggregate containing synthetic carbonate. In some embodiments, the road contains one in % ^ Aggregates less than 15 'less than -20, less than -25. In some embodiments, Φ ❹ the road contains a ball-bound stone, trihydrate, magnesite or one or more of these Combined Aggregates The aggregates of the above specific embodiments can be used in one or more of the components of the road, as described in additional detail below. The aggregates can constitute a road! 5, 1〇, 2〇, 30, 40, 50 60 , 7〇, 8〇 or 9〇% by weight, such as more than 20% by weight, or more than 5% by weight. In some physical closures, roads, highways, public (four), urban streets, airport runways, Sidewalks or occupational space pavements. Highways include the main roads for people to travel at important destinations such as cities and towns. A group of interconnected roads can be called "road systems", "road networks" or "highways". The city street includes any public roads, and the land adjacent to the building. The city's road system is mainly used for vehicle traffic, but – traffic flow, but can accommodate people. &amp; one - as the road to the fresh Μ 6 load road. This hair tt New Road Lai is the airport Qi. The runway includes the narrow road that takes off and land on the plane, the second-rate anti-money, the rest in the bribery Tree riding except ^ stop ^: 71 201012755 For the starting point of aircraft taxiing, take-off and landing. Sidewalk package = common on the tiled surface of the roadway next to the wheel traffic. The sidewalk of the present invention is mainly used for paving roads for pedestrian traffic, including paved roads along the cobblestone road and along the beach (i.e., beach path), in the park, and between the residential and commercial buildings. The walkway of the present invention may include a footway and other roads that are designed to be non-vehicle reduction/or animal traffic. The open f-floor can be any nucleus-shaped block that has been flattened and can be used for many different purposes. For example, open space pavements can be playgrounds, sports and leisure venues (domain courses, ice rinks), parking lots, and the like. The plain road surface can be the foundation of temporary dwellings or storage facilities. The space pavement can be applied to the load scale and the thickness of each layer can vary greatly. # The invention also provides - a road containing materials, the material is clamped at least 〇.5 〇 〇 〇 每 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , The road of British sucking sweetness at least 5 mouths C02' in some specific examples, each _ straight line sucks less H) ridicule C〇2 ' or even every straight straight British road to sweet 〇 mock C〇2. This material can be any material, as described herein, which is made in an artificial process and can therefore be as described elsewhere by way of a general bribe or a fourth test. 4 The leaf T as the road system is made of various components and the present invention is also heterozygous. ,, road components, including any secret ship construction 组分 components). In a specific embodiment t, the road component =,, = 72 201012755 mixture, soil stabilizer, concrete, molding material or asphalt. In certain other embodiments, the road component can be a settable composition such as cement, concrete, or shaped building materials such as bricks. In certain embodiments, the road component comprises a c〇2 clamped synthetic carbonate 'as described for use in the aggregates of the invention' or a carbonate having a δ C value of less than -15 or -20. The amount of carbonate present in the road components of the road may vary depending on the particular type and size of the road structure to be constructed and its geographic location. In a particular embodiment, the amount of carbonic acid salt in the road component can range from 1 to 100% weight/weight, such as from 5 to 99% weight/weight, including from 1 to 90%, or from 15 to 50%, or 30 to 70%, or 50 to 80%, or 60-90%, or 70-1 〇〇〇/0, or 70-99%. In the manufacture of road components, a certain amount of carbonate components are combined with water and other additional components including, but not limited to, clay, shale, soft slate, calcium silicate, mined stone, Portland cement. , fly ash, slag cement, binders, aggregates (such as blast furnace slag, bottom ash, gravel, limestone, granite, sand, etc.), ash, silicate and volcanic ash. Synthetic hydrazines of interest for carbonate production test procedures include, but are not limited to, US Provisional Patent Applications, which are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/126,776, No. 12/163, 205, and No. 12/344, 019 Case Nos. 61/017,405; 61/017,419; 61/057,173; 61/056,972; 61/073,319; 61/079,790; 61/081,299; 61/082,766; 61/088, 347; pp. 61/088, 340; 61/101, 629; and 61/101, 631; the disclosures of each of each of each of each As described elsewhere herein, the road components of the present invention and the synthetic carbonates used in the roads can be made by water-precipitating calcium and/or magnesium carbonate 73 201012755 compositions. In some embodiments the 'road component is a bitumen product. The term "asphalt" (ie, bituminous) is used in its conventional sense to include black or dark solid, semi-solid or viscous materials that are naturally or made, mainly from petroleum garments that have been removed from crude oil, η// It consists of kerosene and other southern molecular weight enthalpy of the oil steaming museum. Thus the invention provides a bitumen product comprising a combination of agglomerates and aggregates as described herein. The amount of I collectives in the road greening products of the present invention can vary widely. It can range from 5 to 50%, including 10 to 40%, such as 25 to 35%. C〇2 clamped asphalt, the method of manufacture and the system thereof are additionally described in U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/110,495, filed on Oct. 31, 2008, and on Serial No. 61/149,949, filed on Feb. 9, 2009; The disclosures are each incorporated herein by reference. In other embodiments, the road component is a soil stabilizer. Therefore, a soil stabilizing agent means a component for improving the stability and structural integrity of the soil (i.e., maintaining its shape). The C〇2 clamped soil stabilizer, its method of manufacture, and the system are additionally described in U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 61/149,633, filed on Jan. 3, 2009, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In other embodiments, the road component is a formed building material. By "forming" is meant forming, such as molding, casting, cutting, or making an artificial structure having a shape of a body. Molded building materials are different from amorphous building materials (such as powders, pastes, slurries, etc.). The latter do not have a clear and stable shape, but instead conform to containers such as bags or other containers that contain them. The C〇2 clamp synthetic building material, its method of manufacture, and the system are additionally described in U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 61/149,610, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. , ❹ 、, as deducted from the road as above, as the c〇2 clamped road of the present invention may include - or multiple road layers. For example, a road, such as a c〇2 nip road, may include one or more of a subgrade, a subbase, a base, and a surface layer (as those terms are known to those skilled in the art). It should be clear that the composition of these layers determines the type of material that can be used in it. For example, when the present day is used in one or more of the layers, if no reinforcing steel or other corrosive material is present, the aggregate may be any one that has virtually no strength and durability of the aggregate. The conversion of the chloride content, the body of the invention made of water containing a high amount of chloride, such as water or water, may be processed without treatment or with minimal processing to remove chloride. Moreover, in some embodiments, the invention provides - or a plurality of layers comprising poly-, wherein eight or all of the poly-seam-like rotors. Unlike conventional jetting, the = 2 collective can be an advantage of the road because, during the reaction, the aggregate provides a stronger bond of the crucible and thus provides a more durable layer. The method of manufacturing roads, such as the 8-2 road, involves constructing any of these layers—or any of them. As such, constructing a road according to the aspect of the present invention, such as C〇2 clamping the road, includes constructing a new road to replace the previously constructed road, or repairing any of the sections constructed by the first &amp; In other suspension embodiments, the tC02 clamped road can be full thickness regenerative. In other embodiments, the road of the present invention may be a resurfacing only surface (i.e., stacked). The road bottom layer road base layer provided by the invention. A step of making a subgrade may include a soil deuteration step. Also _ road soil of the invention 75 201012755 The stabilizer component stabilizes the underlying soil. The subgrade soil should be blended with the road soil stabilizer component to provide a uniform composition. Depending on the desired properties (eg, capacity, frost resistance), the roadbed may be additionally mixed with other road components (such as cementitious materials) to provide higher stability. Subgrades can also be treated with herbicides to prevent or slow the growth of plants that may affect the long-term structural integrity of the subgrade. When manufacturing a stable subgrade, it is only necessary to blend a stabilizing component (e.g., a high load bearing material and/or a soil stabilizing composition) with any conventional mixing equipment to obtain a substantially uniform composition. To ensure maximum structural integrity, the subgrade should be compacted to a suitable density to avoid deformation and/or erosion. ❹ “at an appropriate density” means a compactness not less than 9〇% of its maximum density. In some cases, the roadway of 'appropriate compactness may need to be added to make the subgrade compact with its optimum moisture content. Before final compaction, the height of the subgrade (ie the thickness) can be adjusted (ie the final grade) to match the desired load of the road. The degree of the moon can be achieved by any conventional experimental procedure. Under the condition of 'Using vibrating plate (ie Wacker plate), vibrating pro or bump vibrating compactor. The leveling base layer should be compacted by tightening the equipment longitudinally and laterally until it is fully compacted. After the crucible is the most compact, the primer can be added to the grade (j) subgrade surface. Generally, if the thickness of the final road surface is less than 1 cm, the bottom should be applied to the subgrade. An exemplary primer comprises an emulsified asphalt product containing a quantity of the above C〇2 sweetened synthetic carbonate. The primer is primarily used to fill the surface voids to 'stabilize fine particles and promote adhesion of the overlying substrate to the base layer. The road provided by the invention The second layer is the sub-base layer. The sub-base layer is 76 201012755 above the subgrade and is mainly supported by the structural support of the superposed base layer and the surface layer. In some embodiments, the sub-base layer may have a minimum thickness or no absence at all. According to the ultimate capacity of the road, because the purpose of a stable subbase is to provide a uniform sentence distribution traffic load on the underlying roadbed, the base material suitable for use can be evenly distributed to the applicable loader. In some embodiments, the sub-base layer may comprise bulk particulate material. Second, the particulate material is loaded, meaning that they are non-bonded or adhered to each other in place and in real time, but rely on natural blending of adjacent particles. Bulk particles The ratio of fine to coarse particles in the material will depend on the load capacity of the road. Therefore, the particle size of the bulk particulate material in the base layer can vary widely, ranging from 0.05 to 25 cm, although it should not exceed 37 5 In some cases, the bulk particulate material may be a non-reactive aggregate containing C〇2 clamped synthetic carbonate. The aggregate component may be crushed and settable as described above. The article may be made or may be a molded aggregate having a shape suitable for entanglement with adjacent aggregate particles (e.g., a star). • In other embodiments, the substrate layer may comprise a bonding material. They are bonded to adjacent particles by a binder. A binder is a component that substantially solidifies or abuts adjacent particles. In some cases of the invention, the binder contains C〇. 2 The synthetic carbonate pitch product is clamped. In other cases, the binder may be a cement containing C〇2 clamped synthetic carbonate. In a preferred embodiment, the base layer comprises a reactive aggregate. By using reactive aggregates, a matrix is formed between the aggregate particles - which allows the substrate to minimize the damage of the fines from the roadbed into the road structure and minimize the damage of the cracking action. In some embodiments, 77 201012755 water was added to the composition to provide optimum moisture content and material uniformity. The backing layer of the layer material may be as described above for the roadbed. In some embodiments, the base layer may comprise a pre-pound concrete slab. = Condensate can be obtained by mixing and molding the suction clamp to synthesize carbonate disc cores (such as wave money) and other topping materials. Concrete slabs can also be made (4), such as steel structures or Ming wire mesh. Another layer of the road provided by the present invention is a base layer. The base layer is placed under the table = below and promoted to the outside age, drainage and anti-mixing and is the construction equipment ^ supply-敎 platform. The base layer of the present invention may substantially comprise the above-mentioned base layer = collective. Underground drainage problems may exist in roadbeds, roadbed soil areas, areas where unsuitable materials have been removed, or in full thickness of the trajectory /body/and other preference for inclusion of c〇2 shot synthetic carbonate. In a two specific embodiment, the aggregate base layer comprises a mixture of reactive aggregates and reactive agglomerates. The ratio of reactive aggregates in the mixture is different from '5 to 25%, including 5 to i5%, such as 10%. The polymeric composition may also contain a certain amount of cementitious components. The addition amount of the cementitious component varies depending on the type of road, ranging from 基 to 20% by weight of the base layer, including 1 to 10% by weight, such as 5 〇 〇 / _ mixed dense grading or osmotic hot asphalt. . The soil can be borrowed from the base material or the base material by using the base material. In some cases, the material is dispersed by moving the construction equipment in other cases, and it is beautiful when it is fixed by the machine. In some /, the embodiment of the towel can be added to the water to form a towel to provide the optimum moisture content 78 201012755, the material is uniform. The base material should be evenly distributed to the uniform depth and concentrated. The base layer can also be poured from a mixing container such as a cement mixer truck. When &amp; base layer, the thickness may vary depending on its intended purpose, ranging from 3 to 2 inches. For example, for a residential driveway or sidewalk, the base level can be between 3 and 5 miles | but for high traffic roads where the heavy vehicles are parked, 3 can exceed 15 inches. ,

Prior to compaction, the various substrates can be graded to ensure proper leveling. Moreover, the basics are in the Jiafenglian New Zealand, the other main construction equipment is anti-rolling. Any rugby shirt along the surface can be removed by the second process or can be removed and replaced if necessary. When it is basic, the base layer should be compacted in sections and therefore carried out to two more compact steps. The (4) should be compacted in sections to give the layers a greater thickness. The maximum compact thickness of each segment shall not exceed two. The compaction of the base layer should be as high as 100% under the rigid pavement = 2 flexing asphalt pavement. At 95/0 and in other embodiments, the base layer can comprise - recycled material. Recycled with full thickness, intended from a full thickness structure. The regenerator is used to mix the old asphalt pavement into the surface, and to regenerate and pulverize it by mixing the uniform material and the underlying material. Partially crushed soil. When the material is filled with material, the base layer can be constructed as described above and the base material comprises particles recovered from the recycled road except that - part of the compactness is in the preferred embodiment. Pavement. Rigid, fixed form U-face of the present invention:::; 79 201012755 The side mold is used to arrange the condensable composition at an appropriate level and alignment position until it is solidified and hardened. Rigid, fixed form of pavement 2 Joint-type unreinforced, seamed steel or continuous reinforced concrete pavement

Q 2 type without ribs means “to divide the road surface into pieces that are separated by shrink joints” to control the ruptured road surface _. Joint-type unreinforced concrete road surface without reinforcement 'but using tip rods and tie rods. , seam-type steel bars, meaning: In addition to the use of steel bars in the plate to control the cracks in the plate, similar to the joint-type reinforced bars, continuous steel bars, meaning the use of steel bars and fine in some specific implementation The hard-to-fix, fixed-form pavement condensable 2 system contains a cementitious component called a synthetic carbonate, a poly-powder extract. Water is added to the composition: the desired shape is placed on the grading base layer =: Before the :=:::r composition, the road form is provided with the second ❹ == sturdy and oil-impregnated. c〇2 clamps the solidified composition. Any error is provided by the experimental procedure for the condensate =; = Le beforehand to ensure that ~_ and even face. Should go = and tile butterfly. Provide 〇) 2 clamp the condensable gj composition, so that the sentence is true. After the distribution, the composition can be used (4) The mechanical vibration of the monthly tightening motive in the Tixian Jiajian New Zealand, (four) deeper than the lower wire 201012755 ==== solid composition. The vibration time can be = two seconds. After using any conventional scraper tools, such as 4: / ΐ ί (4) ^ vibrating (four) board, (four) scraping off the horizontal roller tube flattening machine, the board leveling the road surface. - General 'scratched plate modified c〇2 clamp can be solidified ^ =, : Use hand sills (such as board or leveler) and force. Use manual _- and seal curing to solidify the road: solid == table _, by wet

: Applied across the tile form or by manual operation of the "IS road top layer of the invention. The surface layer is placed in the subgrade = contact with the = load. The surface layer should be constructed to provide features such as grinding, control and drainage. Further, the surface layer is used as a waterproof layer for the underlying substrate, the underlayer, and the subgrade. The surface layer can be constructed in two different stages to prepare its two wear layers and tie layers. The wear layer is the layer that is in direct contact with the traffic load. It means accepting the impulse of traffic wear and can be removed and changed at the same time. Linkage is the traffic load of the surface layer. Straight in some embodiments, the skin layers provided by the present invention comprise substantially aggregates and asphalt binders. In addition, it is possible to additionally use the 0) 2 clamped synthetic Wei salt as a mineral filler. Table 2 The amount of binder used can vary from 5 to 5 %, including 50 to 5 to 35%. The particle size of the aggregate used in the surface layer may vary, ranging from 201012755 50 to 15 cm, including wo 荩 to 12.5 cm, such as 75 to 10 cm. The skin layer is made by mixing the aggregate and the mineral filler with the hot-greening binder until the entire aggregate and mineral filler material are completely coated. The asphalt coated aggregate material can then be distributed over the surface of the subgrade to produce a smooth uniform layer. Additional bituminous dosing agents can be used to fill any void or level change along the surface. The surface layer is compact at high temperatures. By "high temperature" is meant no less than 125. The temperature of 〇. The compaction of the surface can be achieved by at least one press of the static tandem drum rolls to completely position the bitumen coated aggregate particles. The surface layer should be tightened only until smooth, so that the aggregate particles are not crushed. After compaction, depending on the size and geographical location of the road, the surface layer can be cut and further processed by chemical blends (such as anti-stripping agents). To improve resistance and corrosion resistance. In other embodiments, the skin layer may be tiled for the rigid forming described above. In the case where the surface layer is a concrete slab, the surface may be chemically blended to improve frost resistance, moisture damage and peeling damage. Rigid concrete skins can be used primarily for pedestrian traffic or for lighter loads. 〇 In some embodiments, the surface layer is a cover layer. The overlay layer, which means the surface repair layer of the road, restores smoothness and improves structural integrity or existing surface. The cover layer of the present invention can be reduced or knotted. By "bonding" is meant that the cover layer forms a substantial bond or seal between the underlying surface and the new coated cover layer. Cracks or ruts in the underlying layer should be repaired prior to application of the cover. Prior to application to the cover, an adhesive layer can be used to ensure proper coverage of the cover to existing pavement surfaces. 82 201012755 e When preparing the existing pavement of the overlay, the surface should be cleaned (eg water sprayed) and leveled prior to use of the overlay. In some cases, leveling is accomplished by using a leveling layer that fills the rut and remedies the difference in existing surface heights. In other cases, the existing road surface is leveled by grinding. Grinding is used to remove high points and create a flat surface instead of filling the rut and uneven compaction. Grinding can be accomplished using conventional grinding equipment followed by cleaning of the loose material. The amount of grinding of the surface layer can vary from 5 to 30% of the existing surface, including 5 to 15%, such as 10%. Where most of the surface layer has been ground (i.e., greater than 25%), the corresponding increased adhesion layer should be used. In some embodiments of the invention, heat may be utilized during the construction of various layers of the road. Heat can be applied to the layer composition prior to providing the layer composition to the construction site to improve adhesion between the layers of the particles or to improve the processability of the layer material. Heat can also be applied after the various layers of the composition have been provided to ensure even distribution of the composition and to aid in the smoothing or firming of the layers. Heat can be applied using any conventional heater = application. In some cases, heat can be applied via a heated reactor during mixing. Heat can also be applied via a heating device, wherein the heating devices are rolled across the road during or after. The heating means may heat the electrical coil or gas to a 7L piece and may be in contact with the road layer via a convection of the heating coil or may be directly connected to the surface, such as via a heated roll. In other cases, a gas discharge device that emits hot milk and is in contact with each road layer may be utilized. In some embodiments, heating can be accomplished by microwaves. The microwave emitting device can be applied with a layer of coating at the time of coating the dice or other materials. The use of microwaves during the construction of a road surface is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,594,022, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 83 201012755 Anti-stripping agents can be added to any of the layers if necessary. Anti-stripping agents help to improve adhesion and aggregate bonding, especially when using the above non-reactive aggregates. The anti-stripping agent also allows the aggregate particles to act as a water repellent to protect the road/moisture such as rutting, cracking and exposure. The anti-stripping agent may be added to the layers in various concentrations ranging from 0.25 wt% to 0.75 wt%, including from 0.25 wt% to 0.5 wt%, such as 0.35 wt 〇/〇. The water repellent can be any conventional anti-stripping agent commonly used in road construction, and exemplary reagents can be found under the trade names DERBO, DIA BOND or SUPERBOND XS. An illustrative road structure utilizing c〇2 clamp σ synthetic sulphate according to a particular embodiment of the present invention is now reviewed in detail. However, the following comments utilizing the C〇2 clamp σ &amp; sulphate road structure are not limited thereto and are provided merely to further describe various embodiments of the invention. Road components comprising C〇2 clamped synthetic carbonates find use in a variety of different applications. Specific road structures found to be applicable to the composition of the road components of the present invention include (but are not limited to): roads, sidewalks, pedal lanes, beachfront roads, airstrips, city lanes, crane gravel roads, parking lots, ice rinks, and any other flats. Paving the plot. ❹ The method and system of the present invention clamps the C〇2, in particular by clamping into the environment. By ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, By "CO2 clamp, it means to put co2 into a storage stable = form 1 such as components in the built environment, such as roads, sidewalks, bicycles 0 beach roads, airstrips, city lanes, cobblestone roads, parking lots, field ice As such, the method of the present invention clamps co2 to prevent co2 gas 84 201012755 = into the gas and CO; does not become atmospheric - part of the long-term storage 々 2 in the form of storage stable means - a form of a substance that is stored on the ground or in water for a long period of time under exposure conditions (ie, open to the atmosphere, water environment, etc.) without significant (if any) decomposition, such that the time is such as 1 year or longer, 5 years or Longer, 10 years or longer, 25 years or longer, 5 years or more, 100 years or longer, assuming that the building materials of interest are kept in the normal environment for their intended use. The storage stability can be tested in a short test at elevated temperatures, as described elsewhere herein. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a road comprising a c〇2 clamping component containing a synthetic carbonate. In some embodiments, the c〇2 clamp group Is selected from one or more of the following: aggregates, cement, cement, asphalt, soil stabilizers, concrete, binders, settable materials, molding materials (stacks, stones, plates) and any other Components of Road Construction. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a road component comprising a co2 clamped synthetic carbonate. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a road for inclusions containing aggregates a component wherein the aggregate has a S! 3C value that is more negative than _10, or (in some embodiments) more negative than _2 。. The aggregate can constitute 10, 20, 30, 40 of the road, 50, 60, 70, 80 or more. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method comprising: constructing a road comprising a C〇2 clamping component comprising a synthetic carbonate. In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a method comprising: constructing a path of a package &amp; aggregate, wherein the aggregate has a more negative, or (in some embodiments) a δ13 value that is more negative than -20 The aggregate can constitute a road ^ 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 8 0 or 90% or more. 85 201012755 VIII In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a road group comprising: obtaining a C〇2 clamped synthetic carbonate; and making a C包含2 clamp Synthetic carbonate road component. The road component can be 'aggregate, cement, cement, asphalt, soil stabilizer, concrete, binder, molding material (stack, stone, plate) and solidify composition In a listener's actual age wipe, the present invention provides a method of making a road component, the method comprising: obtaining a synthetic carbonate, wherein the carbonic acid has a more negative -10 ' or (in some specific In the examples) it is more negative than the δ C value of _2 ,, and a road component comprising c〇2 clamped synthetic carbonate is produced. The road components may be, for example, aggregates, cement, cement, asphalt, soil stabilizers, concrete, binders, molding materials (bricks, stones, plates) and settable compositions. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a system for making a road component comprising a C〇2 clamped synthetic carbonate, the system comprising: an input port comprising water for soil testing; The salt compound precipitates conditions and produces a C〇2 clamped carbonate carbonate compound precipitation station; and a road component builder for making road components containing co2 clamped synthetic carbonate. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a system for making a road component comprising a synthetic carbonate, wherein the carbonate has a more negative -10 ' or (in some embodiments) more negative Δ130 value at _20' The system comprises: an input port containing water for soil testing; a carbonate precipitation compound station in which water is in a precipitation condition of a carbonate compound and produces a synthetic carbonate, wherein the carbonate has a more negative -10, or (in some embodiments) a δ13 (: value; and a road component builder for producing a road component containing synthetic carbon 86 201012755 acid salt, wherein the carbonic acid is more than -20 The salt has a S13c value that is more negative to -10, or (in some embodiments) more negative than _2. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of clamping co2, the method comprising: The alkaline earth metal ion-containing water is contacted with the industrial waste gas stream containing C〇2; the CO 2 clamped synthetic carbonate is precipitated from the water containing the soil metal ion, wherein the synthetic carbonate contains C衍生2 derived from the industrial waste gas stream. And manufacturing a co2 clamp Carbonate road component.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of clamping C〇2 comprising: contacting an alkaline earth metal ion-containing water with an industrial waste gas stream containing C〇2; and precipitating from water containing alkaline earth metal ions a synthetic carbonate wherein the carbonate has a δ13 (3 value) which is more negative than 〇 或 or (in some embodiments) is more negative than -20, wherein the synthetic carbonate comprises derived from an industrial waste stream C〇2; and the manufacture of a road component containing the synthetic carbonate, wherein the 5th stone analate has a δ13 which is more negative than 〇, or (in some embodiments) is more negative than -20 ( In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of making a carbon-clamped transaction commodity, the method comprising: manufacturing a road component comprising a c〇2 clamped synthetic carbonate compound; determining a road component Combining the quantified amount of c 〇 2; and fabricating a carbon-clamped transaction commodity based on the measured quantified amount. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of obtaining a carbon-clamped transaction commodity, the method Including: (8) generating c〇2; (9) sending & sending a co2 sweetener which (i) produces a secret containing a c〇2 sweetened t-form; (a quantitative amount of the twisted tread wiper; and (iii) manufacture - based on the measured quantified amount Carbon clamp trader 87 201012755; and (c) receiving the carbon clamp traded article from C〇2 tongs. III. Method The method of the invention comprises a method of making aggregates, clamping C〇2 via manufacturing aggregates The method comprises the steps of: forming a plurality of sets of aggregates, a method of manufacturing a settable composition, a method of manufacturing a structure comprising the aggregate of the present invention, and a commercial method. Μ Α. A method of manufacturing aggregates in some specific methods In an embodiment, the invention provides a method of making an aggregate. In a specific embodiment, the invention provides a method for producing aggregates by dissolving carbon dioxide in an industrial waste stream in an aqueous solution. The method may additionally comprise an aqueous solution. Precipitating - or a plurality of carbonate compounds, dewatering the precipitate and further processing the known (four) temples to produce aggregates. The second step of processing may include increasing temperature and/or pressure (as described elsewhere herein) 'Such as By press-pressing, or squeezing the treatment. In a certain invention, the aggregate group thus obtained is additionally provided: in the composition: in some specific implementations, the provision is provided by Acid salt to produce aggregates containing synthetic carbonates and to make aggregates. In some embodiments, the genus ions 3 are clamped to C〇2. The obtaining step may include self-contained soil testing in 箪The synthetic cesium carbonate is precipitated in this item 7, for example, a brine such as seawater. === In the example, the obtained step material includes 2 tests = the water of the ion is connected to the industrial waste gas containing c〇2 before the step (4). 88 201012755 Touch; the industrial waste stream may originate from, for example, a power plant, foundry, cement plant, refinery or smelter; the exhaust stream may be, for example, flue gas. In some embodiments, the obtaining step additionally includes increasing the pH of the water containing the soil metal ions to 10 or higher prior to the precipitation step. In some embodiments, the manufacturing step additionally includes: producing a settable composition comprising the synthetic carbonate; and allowing the settable composition to form a solid product. In a partial alternative embodiment, the manufacturing step additionally includes subjecting the precipitate to a combination of temperature and pressure sufficient to produce an aggregate suitable for the intended use. In some alternative embodiments, the generating step comprises mixing the synthetic carbonate with one or more of the following: water, Portland cement, fly ash, lime, and binder. The generating step may additionally comprise mechanically refining the solid product such as by molding, extruding, granulating, crushing or a partial combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the manufacturing step includes contacting the synthetic carbonate with fresh water to convert the synthetic carbonate to a fresh water stable product. In some embodiments, the contacting step comprises: distributing the synthetic carbonate in an open region; and contacting the distributed synthetic carbonate with fresh water. B. Other Methods In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method comprising: obtaining a composition comprising hydraulic cement and aggregates comprising synthetic carbonate; and producing a settable composition comprising the resulting composition Things. In certain embodiments, the synthetic carbonate comprises a clamp c〇2. The method may additionally comprise solidifying the settable composition into a solid product, such as a structural product, such as a road, or asphalt, or a portion of a building foundation. 89 201012755 &amp; In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of clamping a co2 method comprising: contacting an alkaline earth metal ion-containing water with an industrial waste IU1 containing C〇2' self-contained soil metal ion Precipitated in the water - synthetic carbonate 'where the synthetic Wei salt comprises c〇2 derived from the pure stream of the Wei industry; and k comprises an aggregate of the synthetic carbonate. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of making a C〇2 clamped aggregate. The method comprises: obtaining a CO2 clamp component (or carbonate) wherein the carbonate comprises a δ13〇: value An industrial origin of less than -10, or less than -20, c〇2); and an aggregate comprising a co2 clamping component. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method comprising: obtaining a settable composition comprising hydraulic cement and a C〇2 clamped aggregate; and producing a solid product from the settable composition. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of clamping carbon dioxide, the method comprising: precipitating a C〇2 clamped carbonate compound composition from water containing alkaline earth metal ions; and manufacturing a clamp comprising c〇2 An aggregate of a carbonate compound composition. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of making a carbon-clamped transaction commodity by: producing an aggregate comprising a synthetic C〇2 clamped carbonate compound; determining an aggregate Combining the quantified amount of C〇2; and fabricating a carbon-entangled transaction commodity based on the measured quantified amount. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a method of obtaining a carbon clamped traded article by: producing C02; sending C02 201012755 to a C〇2 clamper; (1) producing a synthetic c〇 2 arranging the aggregate of the carbonate compound; (ii) determining the quantified amount of the clamped c〇2 in the C〇2 aggregate, and (111) producing a carbon-entangled trading commodity based on the measured quantified amount; (c) receiving the carbon clamped transaction commodity from the C〇2 clamp. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of making an artificial rock without the use of a binder by: (1) obtaining a starting material containing a synthetic carbonate; (1) making the synthetic carbonic acid The salt is in a condition of Φ to dissolve and reprecipitate, thereby forming an artificial rock, wherein the formation of the artificial rock is not dependent on the chemical reaction of the starting material. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method of making an aggregate comprising combining an industrial process exhaust with water comprising a species that will react with the exhaust to form a precipitate and processing the precipitate to form agglomerate' body. The process of the present invention permits the fabrication of aggregates of virtually any size or shape and any number of other features, such as hardness, wear resistance, density, porosity, chemical composition, mineral composition, acid resistance, alkali resistance Sex, chloride content, sodium content, c〇2 retention and reactivity (or lack thereof). Thus, in some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of making aggregates by grouping aggregates into a predetermined set of features. In some of these specific embodiments, the aggregates comprise co2 derived from an industrial waste stream. In some embodiments, the feature comprises the size and shape of the aggregate; it may additionally include hardness, wear resistance, density, porosity, chemical composition, mineral composition, acid resistance, alkali resistance, chloride content. One or more of sodium, C02 retention, and reactivity (or lack thereof). 91 201012755 The method of forming the aggregate into the desired shape or size is as described herein. β can be used to make any desired mixture, for example one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or A mixture of aggregates of more than ten aggregate sizes and aggregates having one, two, two, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more than ten aggregate shapes. For example, a set of aggregates can have up to &gt;, two sizes and at least two shapes or exactly two sizes and exactly two types of shapes. This is merely exemplary and can be used in any number and combination of numbers. The dimensions may be any predetermined suitable size, such as to provide the desired degree of filling and to reduce the cement's need for cement, and may be used as a grading dimension from the largest coarse aggregate to the finest fine aggregate or any combination thereof. . Likewise, the shapes can be any predetermined suitable shape, such as all in one shape or in a variety of shapes. ! Aggregates of a partial size in the group can be made in one shape, while others can be made in one or more other shapes. For example, the method of the present invention allows for the manufacture of a set of aggregates comprising - a group level = a smashed open body for filling and a portion having an elongated shape = an aspect ratio as described elsewhere herein. Improves flow and/or reduces cracking by use. Other possibilities = objects are combined with other people's meals, smaller items are filled and: aggregates are sought. The possibility of material is only meticulous and familiar. The group of aggregates can be made in virtually any form according to its pre-made work; thus the guard can determine the characteristics of the group of swivels and can be "sized and shaped". Contains other applicable characteristics, such as a reaction in a seven-knife application, some degree of reactivity may be applicable, or may be applicable to an aggregate group with a characteristic percentage of 92 201012755 Φ, but not all of the group For example, when constructing a road, the water having a surface layer composed of a certain degree of reactive aggregates oscillates the surface of the road, and the undulating aggregate reacts and forms a strong base layer (10). =Reactive aggregates of n% positive, such as aggregates containing aggregates of stone materials, to the reaction lungs. This can be a specific size of aggregates, or aggregates of all specific sizes. The features of the body or its j that can be varied based on the conditions under which the aggregate is made include hardness. Aggregates, but if they are soft, such as to fill the carcass at a particular height, the shape or shape of the group can be set. The body may be more suitable. For example, In the case of glutinous rice mining gaps, it may be desirable to collectively replenish the aggregates of a plurality of sizes, such as the aggregates in the coal mines, in the coal mines. Such as ^ _ mine left (4) tightly filled with aggregates when changing ρΗΪίΓίΓ stability, such as solubility as in neutral, acid or test conditions: certain aggregates in the group made in This gap leaves the concrete which has a controlled permeability in accordance with the size and shape of the swivel. IV. System The aspect of the invention additionally includes a carbonate compound composition, 93 201012755 such as brine-derived carbonate And a hydroxide mineral composition and agglomerates of the invention and a concrete and mortar comprising the aggregate of the invention, such as a processing plant or a manufacturing plant. The system of the invention may have any configuration that can implement a particular manufacturing method of interest. Aspects of the invention additionally include systems for making aggregates of the invention and concrete and mortar comprising the aggregates of the invention from divalent cations and industrial waste components, such as processing plants or manufacturing plants. The inventive system can have any configuration that can implement a particular manufacturing method of interest. Figure 2 provides a schematic diagram of a precipitation and agglomeration system fabrication system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 2, system 1 includes bivalent The cation 11 〇. In a particular embodiment, the divalent cation 110 comprises a structure having an input port for an aqueous solution of divalent cations, such as a tube or conduit derived from the ocean or the like. Processed by the system to produce a precipitate and When the divalent cation aqueous solution of the aggregate is produced as seawater, the input port communicates with the seawater fluid. For example, the input port may be a sea line to a roadbed system. The official line or the feed port, or the input port may be a ship. The inlet port in the body (if the system is part of a marine fishing vessel). ❽ Figure 2 also shows an exhaust gas stream source 130 comprising carbon dioxide and other combustion gas components. The exhaust gas flow can be different as described above. The source of divalent cations and the source of spent gas stream are coupled to a feeder and a precipitator reactor 120. The feeder and precipitator 120 can comprise any of a variety of different components, such as a temperature moderator (as designed to heat water to a desired temperature), chemically added components (eg, for use in a chemical pH enhancer (eg, fly) Ash) is introduced into water) and electrolytic components (such as cathode/anode). The feeder and precipitator 120 can be batch program, semi-batch 94

201012755 Programs or continuous program operations. a difference, depending on the situation in the separation of 11 l4G towel processing Shen Dian anti-2 production such as slurry). Separator 140 can utilize a variety of different water removals such as continuous centrifugation, centrifugation, over-heart, gravity settling, and methods. (4) The material can be easily washed with fresh water and retained in a wet turbidity to cure the reaction. Partial mechanical water removal can be performed to adjust the strength of the solidified product to control strength and hardness. The system shown in Fig. 2 also includes a water removal (4) money machine for drying the separator 14 . The drying machine (4) may include a component, a cold-hidden structure, a dry phase drying, and a Confucian diet, as described in more detail above. It is also shown that a cleaning station 150 is selected in which, for example, a large amount of dewatered precipitate of the separator 140 is cleaned to remove salts and other solutes of the precipitate prior to drying of the 16G towel. The dry precipitate of dry _ 16G is then provided to a wire collective manufacturing unit 180, wherein the precipitate can be subjected to mechanical processing to produce the most substantial product. 〃 As indicated above, the system can exist on land or at sea. The system may be a land-based system that is tied in a coastal area (eg, near or even at - (iv) location] whose towel system is fed by a source of divalent cations (such as the sea), &quot;u-dense and aggregation system m or The precipitation and aggregate manufacturing system can be a water-based system (ie, a system that exists on water or in water). If necessary, this system can exist on ships and sea-based equality. 95 201012755 IV. Utilities The aggregates of the present invention The settable composition comprising the same is found in a variety of different applications, such as aboveground stable C〇2 clamped products and in building or construction materials. It has been found that the specific structure of the settable composition of the present invention includes (but not Limited to) pavements, building structures such as buildings, foundations, &amp; lanes/roads, overpasses, parking structures, brick/block walls and footings for gates, fences and poles. Threat Adhesive construction is carried out, such as in the monument and fills the gap between the constructed blocks. The stucco can also be used in other applications for the existing structure, such as the original plaster e-filament or erosion section of the peak generation. It is provided that those skilled in the art fully disclose and describe how to make and make inventions and micro-inventors believe that the invention is a model of the invention and that it does not intend to indicate that the following experiments are all or only. Ensure the accuracy of the numbers used (eg, quantity, temperature, etc.), but must state the error and deviation of some experiments. Unless otherwise indicated, the parts are parts by weight, the molecular weight is the weight average numerator f. The temperature is .c and Lili At atmospheric pressure or near atmospheric pressure.

[Examples] Example 1. Precipitated carbonate: Aggregates can be obtained by precipitating carbonate formed by contact of seawater with carbonized carbon in the presence of hydroxide and gas emulsified sodium: 40 knives and 4 knives The rate will be sent to the A Qing 00 gallon sea water pump, _ life open shot until the financial level is located at the bottom of the tank at the bottom of the 96 201012755 carbon oxide gas sprayer about 6 inches above. Once the tank is filled with carbon, the carbon dioxide is transferred to the sea at a rate of 5.6 or higher. The slurry of the waste hydrogen-containing tail sand containing about kilograms is added to the seawater via an on-line solid-liquid mixer. in. Before the pulping, the magnesium hydroxide tailings were jet milled to reduce the particle size and improve the dissolution rate. Once the amount of magnesium oxide tailings is added, the carbon dioxide is continuously sprayed until about 9,400 pounds of carbon dioxide is added. Once the carbon dioxide gas is turned off, half of the mixture in the tank (first tank) is moved into the other tank (second tank). The above procedure takes nearly 30 hours. After θ ing, about 300 gallons or less of the 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 〇 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 The mixture was then transferred to a second tank over a period of about 5 hours and allowed to settle by gravity for 8-12 hours. 'The precipitate has been removed from the bottom of the second tank. The removed precipitate was washed with fresh water and dewatered in a filter press to form a 3% solids filter cake. This filter cake was then used as a substrate for forming the following examples. The map analysis of the Shen Temple is illustrated in Figure 4-8. For example, Figure 4 illustrates the XRD analysis of the Shen Temple. Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the TGA of the precipitate. Figure 7 illustrates the FT-IR of the precipitate and Figure 8 illustrates the SEM image of the precipitate. As illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, the 'Mg:Ca ratio is high and the precipitate is still quite wet as indicated by the TGA spectrum.

Na Mg A1 Si S Cl K Ca Fe Weight 1.65 19.99 0.00 0.24 0.06 2.09 0.07 1.68 0.04 97 201012755 % Table 1 · XRF Elemental Analysis of Precipitates As illustrated in Figure 4, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of precipitates Indicates the main phase of the ball-celled magnesia (Mg5(C03)4(0H)2.5(H20)), another phase of the gallstone (MgC〇3.3H2〇), and some Lingzhen mines (Mg5(C03)4 (0H) 2.4 (H20)) and the presence of secondary components of calcite. Some rock salt was also detected. %H20 %C02 Weight 0 / 〇 ] 27.38 31.98 Table 2: C02 content percentage (Coulomb analysis) and H20 percentage calculated from TGA Figure 7 provides the FT-IR spectrum of the precipitate. Figure 8 provides scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of precipitates at 250x and 4000χ magnification. - Example 2. Aggregates formed using only precipitates In this prophetic example, the aggregates can be made from the precipitated carbonate samples prepared above and comprising trihydrate carbon stone, water calcite and vermiculite. In this example, the sinking system was placed in a filter vessel and heated to 7 〇 -9 〇. The water droplets are wet. The filtrate is then collected, heated and recirculated through the precipitated carbonate for 7-21 days or until the agglomerates on the filter vessel are fully hydrated and the water no longer flows through the agglomerates. The mass is then broken to form an existing aggregate sample. 0 Example 3. Aggregate formed by extruding the precipitate 98 201012755 In this example, it will be prepared essentially as described in Example 1 and contains magnesium trihydrate Stone and vermiculite and a sample of precipitated carbonate containing approximately 60% by weight of water were placed in a 1.5-barrel barrel extruder with heat and venting. The extrusion benefit was heated to approximately 220 ° C and the material was placed into the extruder in approximately 5 seconds. The outlet of the extruder exit mold is 0 375 inches. The material is obtained from an extruder and contains magnesite and calcite as well as starting minerals with a moisture content of less than 1%. However, most of the material is prematurely calcified in the extruder to produce a cake. The cake is then dried at 60 ° C to produce a hard, brittle mass that can be broken into fine aggregate particles. Example 4. Aggregate formed by mixing a precipitate with another material In this example, a precipitated carbonate sample system prepared in essence as described in Example 1 with different amounts of lime, fly ash, money Stone (CaS〇3) and/or, Portland cement mix and solidify and harden. In each sample, based on the intended purpose of the aggregate, as intended to make the aggregates, 'reactive, or,, non-reverse, sexual, or conform to the specific strength characteristics of the aggregate', prepare different ratios of precipitates and Additives. In each case, the solidified and hardened material is broken into appropriate granules for pre-application. Example 5. Aggregates formed by wet grinding of precipitates with ethanol, in this example, the agglomerate system wet-grinds precipitates with ethanol When prepared in this example, the frustum carbonate sample prepared in the above manner is filtered on a standard I alkali press to produce a close-up solid cake. 胄1G% ethanol weight / weight solution added to the sink and 99 201012755 ball grinding mixture 2 · 24 hours ° 'The grinded grades are dried overnight in the air around the fume hood. The resulting product is a compact self-consolidating plate, It can be broken into pieces suitable for coarse or fine aggregates. The Mohs hardness of the product is at least 2. Example 6 · Aggregates formed by heating and pressurizing the precipitate

In this example, the sample of the sinkhouse prepared as described in Example 1 was dried under thieves in a large baking pan for 48 hours and then crushed and ground to a fineness of about 100 in a home (four) blender. 200 mesh. The finely ground precipitate is then mixed with water to form a mixture comprising 90-95% solids and water added (5_1% by weight of the remainder).

Then in the -Wabash press, heat 4, χ8, pressurize this in the mold; material 'the platform is preheated to 9 (TC for at least 2 hours. After precipitation, the mixture is added, the lid is pressed The stopper is applied to the sinking object; the pressure of 64嗍_〇(4) is about 1 second. Then the mold is not pressed and the mold is opened again, and it is scraped off in the mold shape and moved to the mold core. Then, the lid is covered. Press the stopper of the press and apply a pressure of 64 sneak for a total of 5 minutes. The pressure is pressed and the press is pressed and the squad is 11 (the rc is dried up; the hour is over. After the drying time is over, the pressed squeezing is removed from the oven and Cooling to form aggregates under ambient conditions - Cooling to room temperature. Polyslits have some slightly brown to white stones; ^ Appearance. When the surface of aggregates cannot be broken by hard (four), indicating Μ * hard 』 2 or greater ' It can be compared with the hardness of most natural limestones. When the group is cut in half, the secret money ^ North (four) Calem rock stone formation: 100 201012755 laminated structure. Only crush the natural limestone flakes just to break the existing aggregates. Rubbing natural limestone and aggregates between palms Ϊ, species indicates that the aggregate is only slightly brittle than limestone. / Example 7. Fine synthetic aggregates of existing carbonate sinks Fine synthetic aggregates (FSA) are a synthetic aggregate similar to sand and utilize the methods described herein. Made from existing precipitated carbonates. To incorporate e into the concrete mixture and replace the fine aggregates (sand) in some or all of the concrete mixture with its clamped carbon content to offset the carbon content of Portland cement. For hundreds of pounds per cubic yard, for example, 100 pounds of Portland cement will require about 200 pounds of FSA to make carbon-neutral concrete. A 6-pack mixture with 5 % gray fly will require 564 FSA to neutralize carbon; 846 pounds is required at 25 〇 / 〇 fly ash; 1128 lbs for 1 〇〇 % PC. The typical sand content of concrete ° is 1100-1600 lb. Using carbon fiber or carbon neutralization with FSA will help concrete Industry is in line with the burgeoning legislation to reduce greenhouse gases. FSA can provide innovative carbon credits and recycled material credits. Because FSA replaces fillers with another filler, the expected acceptance will be better than replacing some of the adhesive materials. It is easy. FSA can be used as a substitute for sand in concrete, ash, sand, etc. to reduce or eliminate the carbon footprint of these products. Key features of FSA include: • Calcium and magnesium carbonate composition • Minimum 45% clamping C02 content • Particle size range to accumulate % by the sieve: 101 201012755. 100% pass through No. 4 sieve (4,750u). 95-98% through No. 8 sieve (2,360u). 65-75% through No. 16 Sieve (l,180u). 40-50% through 30 mesh (600u). 10-15% through 50 mesh (300u). 0-2% through 100 mesh (150u) • consistent batch size distribution Within 10% • Compliant with ASTMC-33 • Compared to sand with similar water content, the flow properties of the product under carbon neutrality in the concrete have not changed or improved. • Compared to sand in a similar water content, carbon in concrete. The strength properties under the degrees have not changed or improved. • Compared to sand with similar water content, the durability (ASR, freeze-thaw, etc.) under carbon neutrality in concrete has not changed or improved. Sand, the shrinkage properties under carbon neutrality in concrete have not changed or improved • relative to water in similar water Quantitative sand, 碳 under carbon neutrality in concrete No modification or improvement in modification • leaching NaCl content &lt;0.1% • Example of stability during storage and transportation 8. Coarse synthesis of existing carbonate precipitates Aggregate coarse synthetic aggregates (CSA) refer to aggregates having a particle size ranging from 1/4" to 1 1/2". CSA is produced by the method described herein and is intended for use in the current use of 102 201012755 Natural coarse gatherings ^ Maximize in roadbed, asphalt and concrete. The use of CSA to reduce carbon or carbon towel and concrete systems helps the concrete industry to comply with legislation to reduce greenhouse gases, such as CA AB32. Use provides carbon credits and recycled material credits. Because CSA replaces the filler of another filler, acceptance is much faster and easier than replacing a portion of the adhesive material. CSA can be used to use similar grades of gravel or gravel. The (4) quality CSA produced by the Weifang &amp; or (4) as a source of cations can be limited to the roadbed silk. CSA wants to use it in the way of current aggregates. The maximum use will be in roadbed, asphalt and concrete. Based on the plant location and the cation/alkaline source, two grades of CSA are available. One is a 1% carbonate mineral (carbonate CSA) suitable for all uses. Due to the possibility of alkali_ vermiculite reactivity (if used in concrete), another grade (tannin CSA) will be used only in asphalt and roadbed. Key features of the FSA include: ❿ • Industry standard for coarse limestone aggregates (ASTMc〇 33) • Caltrans specifications for coarse aggregates of concrete, asphalt and subgrade • Minimum 44% C02 content in all carbonate CSA • Minimum 30% clamped c矽2 content in tannin CSA • Consistent grading • No reduction in processability, mechanical properties, shrinkage or durability of roadbed, asphalt or concrete relative to conventional coarse aggregates • For concrete applications The carbonate CSA used can be leached from NaCl 103 201012755 content &lt; 0.1 〇 / 〇 and Wei Gu secret cover, in the material reduction device is stable Example 9 · Measure the s13C value of the solid precipitate ❹

The solid precipitate containing carbonate was prepared by seawater using commercially available c〇2 (praxair) di-dihydrate followed by pH adjustment. Two kinds of precipitates were prepared in two types: = _361 and MLD13). Unlike atmospheric gas, air separation is not the main source of canned carbon dioxide. Although it is sometimes derived directly from fueling materials, the most economical way to produce carbon dioxide is in the form of a brewing company's manufacturing process or by the by-product of a natural production well. It is then purified and liquefied and sold to customers around the world. In general, the generation of canned gas from fermentation = near _3 〇 to _2 〇 and the δ Ι 30 from the canned gas source of the petroleum source is approximately -40 to -30. Therefore, the canned gas isotope is expected to be light (like flue gas) and is in the range of _20 to _40. For comparison, δ13 of C〇2 in seawater (the value is about 0, the y3c value of air is not more negative than _1 〇, and for the acid salt in natural limestone, the value is soil 3. If the carbonate in the sediment The salt mainly contains c〇2 derived from canned gas, and its value is expected to be in the range of -20 to -40, which is not as close to that of carbonate in seawater or air or carbonate in natural limestone. The δ13 of the precipitate (the value is obtained by mass spectrometry. Multiple samples are repeated for each precipitate). It does not meet the typical values of natural limestone and seawater and conforms to the isotope light foreseen in canned gas. The §13C value of 〇2 is measured in the precipitate as 'see the table below (the amount is 8 〇): 104 201012755 dl3C dl80 dl3C dl80 (%〇) (%·) Sample ID uncor StDe uncor StDe (%〇 )cor (%〇)cor y V rr P00361-001 -29.42 0.010 -11.5 1 0.01 1 -31.44 -12.44 P00361-004 -29.73 0.010 1 -7.84 0.010 -31.16 -832 MLD13P00001-10 5 -27.75 0.010 -7.25 0.010 - 28.40 -7.54 MLD13P00001-00 -27.66 0.010 -7.23 0.001 -27.42 -7.28 6 This example proves that according to this issue The S13C value of the carbonate-containing precipitate prepared by the method contained in the method can be measured with high precision and such value is within the predicted negative range of C〇2 of the industrial source, indicating that it is derived from carbonate or natural carbonate. Differences between air or seawater c〇2. Although the invention has been described in detail by way of illustration and example, for the purpose of clarity of understanding, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can readily understand The specific changes and modifications are made without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the 'W-faces are only illustrative of the principles of the invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art will be able to configure the same time. Or it is shown in this article, but its embodiment is contained in Qianshen and Fan. In addition, all the examples and conditional languages described in this article are mainly intended to assist the reader to understand 105 201012755 The principles and inventors of the present invention promote The concept provided by the technology is not to be construed as limited to the details and the details of the particular embodiments. For a statement intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Furthermore, irrespective of the structure, including such equivalent thereof attempt of currently known equivalents and equivalents developed the future, i.e., any development of the elements to perform the same function. Therefore, the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited to the exemplary embodiments shown and described herein. The scope and spirit of the invention are defined by the scope of the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 provides a flow chart of a precipitation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 provides a schematic diagram of a system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 illustrates exemplary aggregate structures and aggregate mixtures in accordance with aspects of the present invention. 3A: cylinder; 3B: triangular prism; 3C: mixture of spherical and bridge; 3D: gap-graded spherical, 3E. 彳久镜 mixture; 3f_3H: hollow aggregate with tubular void Steroids '3I-3L: Aggregate mixtures with different aggregate combinations. Figure 4 provides a χ-ray diffraction spectrum of a representative carbonate compound precipitate. Figure 5 provides a temperature gradient analysis of a representative carbonate compound precipitate. Figure 6 provides a temperature gradient of a representative carbonate compound precipitate after drying in a desiccator. Analysis 106 201012755 Figure 7 provides a Fourier-transformed IR spectrum of a representative carbonate compound precipitate. Figure 8 provides a scanning electron micrograph of a representative carbonate compound precipitate. Figure 9 provides X-ray diffraction spectra of representative aggregates. Fourier-transformed IR spectra of representative aggregates are provided. Figure 11 provides TGA/DTG spectra of representative aggregates. Figure 12 provides scanning electron micrographs of representative aggregates. [Key element notation] 10 Divalent cations 20 Precipitation 30 Waste gas flow 40 Separation 42 to tailings pond, ocean 50 Washing 60 Drying 62 Exhaust, fine particles 70 Aggregate manufacturing 80 Aggregate 100 System 110 Divalent cation source 120 Feeder and precipitator 130 Exhaust gas stream 107 201012755 140 Separator 142 to the end Sand pool, ocean 150 washing machine 160 dryer 162 exhaust, fine particles 170 gathered Aggregate manufacturing unit 180

108

Claims (1)

201012755 VII. Patent Application Range: 1. An aggregate comprising synthetic carbonate. 2. The aggregate according to claim 1 of the patent application, wherein the synthetic carbonate comprises a clamped CO 2 . 3. The aggregate according to claim 2, wherein the synthetic carbonate comprises a precipitate derived from water containing an alkaline earth metal. 4. The aggregate according to item 3 of the patent application, wherein the alkaline earth metal-containing brine is used. 5. The aggregate according to item 4 of the patent application, wherein the brine is sea water. 6. The aggregate according to claim 3, wherein the alkaline earth metal ion-containing water comprises CO 2 derived from an industrial waste stream, wherein at least a portion of the C02 system derived from the industrial waste stream is present in the form of a C02 in the form of a synthetic carbonic acid. In the salt. 7. Aggregate according to Clause 6 of the patent application, wherein the industrial waste stream is derived from a power plant, a foundry, a cement plant, a refinery or a smelter. 8. The aggregate according to claim 2, wherein the synthetic carbonic acid 109 201012755 salt comprises at least one of the following: a carbonated mother compound, a carbonated money compound, and a carbonic acid magnesium compound. 9. The aggregate according to item 8 of the patent application, wherein the weight ratio of the magnesium to the calcium carbonate ranges from 10/1 to 1/10. The aggregate according to the scope of claim 8 wherein the calcium carbonate compound comprises at least one of the following: calcite, vermiculite, hexagonal calcite, hexahedite, and amorphous carbonic acid dance. 1. The aggregate according to item 8 of the patent application scope, wherein the magnesium carbonate compound contains at least the following: ballite, magnesite, hydrocarbite, I-foot carbon town stone, pentahydrate magnesite, water Lingzhen mine and amorphous barium carbonate. =·According to the eighth part of the patent scope, the aggregates contain at least one of the following: A rain, calcium magnesium formate, I dolomite, carbon slag and water carbon and magnesium feed according to the scope of patent application (M2) wherein the synthetic carbonate comprises an aggregate of at least 1% by weight, and a summer ball of carbon meteorite. 14. The synthetic carbonate is contained in an amount of at least 5 according to any one of the claims 10 to 12. Aggregate of % by weight, its complex ball of carobite. 15 'According to the scope of the application of the scope of the scope of the 13-14th article, in the 110 201012755, the synthetic carbonate additionally contains trihydrate carbon stone, water A magnesite or a combination thereof. 16. The aggregate according to claim 8 wherein the aggregate comprises ruthenium. 17. The aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the aggregation system is reactive. The aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate system is non-reactive. 19. The aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic carbonate salt comprises from 1% to 99% of aggregates. 20. According to the first item of the scope of patent application Aggregates, wherein the aggregates are coarse aggregates. The aggregate according to claim 20, wherein the coarse aggregates have an average particle size ranging from 0.125 inches to 6 inches. The aggregate of the first item, wherein the aggregate is fine aggregate. 23. The aggregate according to claim 22, wherein the fine aggregate 111 201012755 has an average ranging from 0.001 inch to 〇25 inch Granules / 24. According to the scope of the patent application, there are particles of the group consisting of the following: (4) (4) having a sheet shape, an angular shape, an elongated shape, an elongated sheet shape H irregular, a thin high roundness shape and any mixture thereof; And + angular, semi-circular, wherein the aggregate has a composition selected from the group consisting of: glassy, smooth, granule, rough, crystal grain surface &amp; Μ, honeycomb and mixtures thereof. The cluster of the third item of the range has a particle shape selected from the group consisting of: a polygon; a collective set = a triangle, an arc, a ring, an ellipsoid, an ellipse, a star-shaped two-ball, and any And the aggregate in the 稜鏡 丨 具有 has a ruthenium-like, smooth, granule, coarse, crystalline, bee-grain and its present composition selected from the group consisting of: 26. The aggregate of the third term, ❹ has a Mohs hardness ranging from about I.5 to 9. "Agglomerate 27. The aggregate according to item 26 of the patent application, having a Mohs hardness ranging from about 2.5 to 6. ', h collective with 28. According to any one of the scope of claims 1 to 27, the aggregate also contains the following - the latter: Portland cement, which is ash, stone 112 201012755 ash and binder. 29. The aggregate according to claim 28, wherein the aggregate comprises Portland cement. 30. The aggregate according to claim 29, wherein the weight ratio of the synthetic carbonate to the Portland cement ranges from 0.1/1 to 58. 31. The aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate has a unit density of from 100 to 150 lb/ft3. 32. The aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the aggregate has a density of 75-125 lb/ft3. 33. An aggregate comprising a CO 2 clamp component. 34. An aggregate comprising carbon having a 313C value that is more negative than -10 (15, 20, 25, 30, 35). 35. An aggregate comprising 90-100% carbonate-containing minerals, 0.5-1.5% sulfate, sulfite or a combination thereof; containing the remainder of other materials. 36. A collection of aggregates comprising a plurality of types of aggregates, wherein the aggregates of the type of 2010 2010 755 comprise features selected from three or more of the following: hardness, wear resistance, density, size and shape. 37. An aggregate suitable for use in a building material, wherein the aggregate has a unit density of less than 115 lb/ft3 and is a carbon negative aggregate. 38. A method of making an aggregate comprising a synthetic carbonate, the method comprising: obtaining a synthetic carbonate; and producing an aggregate comprising the synthetic carbonate. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein the synthetic carbonate comprises a sweet C〇2. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the obtaining step comprises precipitating the synthetic carbonate from water containing alkaline earth metal ions. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the alkaline earth metal ion-containing water is brine. 42. The method according to claim 41, wherein the brine is sea water. 43. The method of claim 40, wherein the obtaining step further comprises, in addition to the step 114 201012755, contacting the alkaline earth metal-containing water with the industrial waste gas stream containing C〇2 prior to the precipitation step. 44. According to the method of claim 43, wherein the industrial waste gas stream is derived from a power plant, a foundry, a cement plant, a refinery or a smelter. 45. The method according to claim 44, wherein the exhaust gas stream is a flue gas. 46. The method of claim 40, wherein the obtaining step further comprises increasing the alkaline earth metal ion-containing water to 10 or higher prior to the precipitation step. 47. The method of claim 38, wherein the manufacturing step further comprises: exposing to produce a settable composition comprising the synthetic carbonate; and allowing the settable composition to form a solid product. 48. The method of claim 47, wherein the manufacturing step comprises mixing the synthetic carbonate with one or more of the following: water, Portland cement, fly ash, lime, and binder. 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the manufacturing step further comprises mechanically refining the solid product. 115 201012755 50. The method of claim 49, wherein the mechanical refining comprises molding. 51. The method of claim 49, wherein the mechanical refining comprises extrusion. 52. The method of claim 49, wherein the mechanical refining comprises granulation. 53. The method of claim 49, wherein the mechanical refining comprises crushing. 54. The method of claim 38, wherein the manufacturing step comprises contacting the synthetic carbonate with fresh water to convert the synthetic carbonate to a fresh water stabilizing product. 55. The method of claim 54, wherein the contacting step comprises: distributing the synthetic carbonate in an open region; and contacting the distributed synthetic carbonate with fresh water. 56. A composition comprising: a hydraulic cement; and 116 201012755 an aggregate comprising a synthetic carbonate. 57. The composition of claim 56, wherein the synthetic carbonate comprises a sweet C〇2. 5. The composition according to claim 57, wherein the synthetic carbonate comprises a sinking substance derived from water containing a soil metal ion. 59. The composition of claim 58 wherein the alkaline earth metal-containing water comprises C02 derived from an industrial waste stream. The composition according to any one of claims 56 to 59, wherein the synthetic carbonate contains δ13 (the value is more negative than -20 carbon. 61. According to the composition of claim 68, Wherein the alkaline earth metal ion-containing water is a brine. 62. The composition according to claim 61, wherein the brine is seawater. 63. The composition according to claim 57, wherein the synthetic carbonate comprises the following At least one of: a calcium carbonate compound, a magnesium carbonate compound, and a magnesium carbonate compound. 117 201012755 64. The composition according to claim 63, wherein the synthetic carbonate comprises a calcium carbonate compound, a magnesium carbonate compound, and a calcium magnesium carbonate compound. 65. The composition according to claim 56, wherein the aggregation system is reactive. 66. The composition according to claim 56, wherein the aggregation system is non-reactive. 67. The composition of item 56, wherein the aggregate comprises vermiculite. 68. The composition according to claim 56, wherein the aggregate comprises 69. The composition of claim 56, wherein the composition further comprises water, wherein the composition is a settable composition. 70. The composition according to claim 69, wherein the solidifies The composition is a concrete. 71. The composition according to claim 69, wherein the settable composition is a stucco. 118 201012755 72. The composition according to claim 69, wherein the settable cylinder The composition is a soil stabilizer. The composition according to claim 56, wherein the composition further comprises at least one blend. 74. The composition according to claim 56, wherein the water The hard cement comprises a second synthetic carbonate. 75. The composition according to claim 74, wherein the second carbonate comprises a clamped co2. - σ 76. A method comprising: obtaining a water-containing a cement and a cylinder containing an aggregate of synthetic carbonate; forming a curable composition containing the resultant composition. 77. Method according to claim 76 Wherein the synthetic carbonate comprises a sweetened CO 2 . 78. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method further comprises solidifying the settable composition into a solid product. 79. According to the method of claim 78, Wherein the (4) body product is a structural product of 119 201012755. 80. The method of claim 79, wherein the structural product is part of a road. 81. The method according to claim 79, wherein the structural product is asphalt 82. The method of claim 79, wherein the structural product is a building foundation. 83. A roadbed comprising an aggregate comprising a synthetic carbonate. 84. The roadbed according to Article 83 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the aggregation system is reactive. 85. The roadbed of claim 83, wherein the synthetic carbonate 包含 comprises a sweet C〇2. 86. A bitumen comprising an aggregate comprising a synthetic carbonate. 87. The bitumen according to claim 86, wherein the synthetic carbonate comprises a sweet C〇2. 120 201012755 88. A system for producing an aggregate comprising synthetic carbonate, the system comprising: an input port for water containing a soil of a soil; a carbonate compound precipitation station that causes water to be carbonated The salt compound precipitates conditions and produces a synthetic carbonate; and an aggregate builder for making aggregates containing the synthetic carbonate. 89. The system of claim 88, wherein the aggregate manufacturer comprises a refining station to mechanically refine the aggregate containing the synthetic carbonate. 90. A method of sweetening C〇2, the method comprising: contacting an alkaline earth metal ion-containing water with an industrial waste gas stream containing co2; and synthesizing a synthetic carbonate from the alkaline earth metal ion-containing water, wherein the synthesis The carbonate comprises co2 derived from an industrial waste stream; and an aggregate comprising the synthetic carbonate is produced. 121