SU953020A1 - Method of preparing linen fibres to spinning - Google Patents

Description

(54) METHOD FOR PREPARING LINEN FIBER TO SPINNING

one

The invention relates to the technology of flax fiber processing in preparatory workshops of spinning production.

In the development of the flax industry, a significant increase in the production of flax fabrics, which are in high demand among the population due to high hygienic properties, especially fabrics of the dress and linen assortment, is expected.

The increase in the production of fabric and yarn should be dried up by increasing the productivity of labor and equipment, increasing the linear density and quality of yarn, and further improving working conditions.

The solution of the tasks posed is primarily related to the development and introduction of new equipment and technology, for example, the introduction of the method of chemical refining of fiber at the first stages of its processing in the spinning industry, which will allow further dry spinning. Drying is the most rational method, since it allows the formation of yarn from low-grade raw materials and drastically improves working conditions in - spin production, reduce energy costs, reduce the number of production areas. In addition, the further real rates of increase in the production of fabrics in the dress and lingerie of its assortment depend on the possibility of a reduction of raw material resources.

For the production of these fabrics, the most qualitative types of flax fiber are currently used: combed flax and towels, the production of which is limited by the general resources of the raw material harvested in the country and the applied processing technology. One of the sources for expanding the raw material base for the production of the assortment under consideration is the development of lower-quality types of flax fibers, for example, short flax fibers, which constitute the main share (65 ° / o) in the production of all flax fibers and up to the present time, mainly for the production of technical and packaging fabrics.

Difficulties in the processing of short flax fiber in household fabrics are due to the fact that the short fiber is very uneven in length and strength, contains a large amount of dust and fires (up to 20%). basically, chemically refined (henbane) flax on yarn, which is obtained by bleaching the fibers in mass, tape and rover in the first stages of its processing in spinning. As a result of chemical refinement, the physicomechanical properties of the fibers change greatly, and their gluing is significant, which reduces the spinning properties of the fibers and causes breakage in the spinning. One of the main reasons for the bonding of the fibers after chemical refinement is the formation of adhesives on the fiber surface - products of partial dissolution in the bleaching bath of hemicelluloses, lignin residues, pectin and proteins that are poorly washed out with water during further washes.

The problem of eliminating the bonding of flax fibers, especially short ones, is very relevant, since the high monolithicity of the fibers in the mass, tape or rover complicates the technological process of its processing in various parts of the spinning industry, in particular, causes discontinuity of the process.

A known method of preparing flax fiber for spraying includes chemical upgrading followed by water washing. Chemical upgrading is carried out according to the method of oxidative boiling in an alkaline peroxide solution 1.

The disadvantage of the known method is the inadequate quality of the preparation of the fiber for spinning, which consists in the development of significant bonding, which adversely affects the spinning properties of the fiber. Further processing in spinning is possible only for the most valuable types of raw materials - combed flax and tow by the wet method, where fiber bonding is less pronounced. In the processing of short fibers, which is possible only by the dry method of spinning, the stickiness factor leads to a negative result.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the invention is the method of preparing flax fiber for spinning, including chemical refining followed by water washing with the presence of an auxiliary agent, for which urea is used in an amount of 10 and 80 g / l or surfactant substances, for example, the cationic drug alcamon OC-2 based on quaternary ammonium salts of diethylaminomethyl diglycol ethers of higher fatty alcohols C 4-GIB, the preparation OC-20 based on hydroxyethyl iodine these higher fatty alcohols cachalot fat or

the preparation of stearox based on ethoxylated stearic acid with a concentration of these drugs in a solution of 1 g / l. Chemical fiber refining is carried out in the tape by the peroxide method

white 2.

The known method allows to obtain a labial tape with low bonding of fibers; however, during processing, a breakage is observed at a high enough rate, processing of short fiber in a spinning process is impossible, and the strength characteristics of the yarn produced are not high enough. The purpose of the invention is to increase the spin capacity of the fiber by reducing gluing, providing the possibility of processing short fiber and increasing the strength properties of yarn. The goal is achieved by a method of preparing flax fiber for the chemical refining followed by water washing in the presence of auxiliary

an agent according to which ammonium chloride is used as an auxiliary agent in the amount of 1.5-2.5 g / l and washing is carried out at 35-40 ° C for 15-- 25 minutes.

The process of chemical enrichment

can be carried out by any known method, for example, alkaline peroxide, chlorite, etc., during processing

fiber in mass, in the form of a ribbon or roving.

The greatest advantages of the method are realized in the processing of short fiber in the mass, since this makes it possible to significantly expand the raw material base in the production of fabrics for a dress and linen assortment. However, the method can successfully

can also be used to prepare for the spinning of combed flax fiber and tow. The known equipment is suitable for the implementation of the method.

Example. Flax short fiber is refined in the AKD-6-2U mask in the mass by the chlorine peroxide method according to the following process conditions.

1. Chlorite treatment in an aqueous solution containing sodium chlorite 2.5% by weight of the fiber; nitre 3 g / l; wetting agent OP-7 or OP-10 0.5 g / l.

Processing mode: circulation for 10 min at 20 ° C; input of sulfuric acid to a pH of 2- 2.5; temperature rise to 40-45 ° С 15 min. treatment at 40-45 ° С 1 h.

2. Neutralization without descent of the solution with caustic soda to a pH of 7-8.

3. Wash with cold water 3 times for 10 minutes.

4. Peroxide whitening in an aqueous solution containing g / l:

Wetter OP-7

or OP-100.25-0.35

Hydrogen peroxide (calculated

on active oxygen) 1.1 -1.2 Sodium tripolyphosphate 0.3-0.5 Magnesium sulphate0.1 -0.2

Sodium silicate 10

Total alkalinity of the solution. Processing mode, min: Circulation of the solution at 20 ° С 5 Raising the temperature to 90 ° С 40 Processing at 90 ° С30

5. Washing with water with the addition of sodium tripolyphosphate 1 g / l for 10 minutes at 90 ° C, washing twice with water at 70 ° C for 10 minutes.

6. Kislovanie aqueous solution of acetic acid 1.1 g / l at 30 ° C for 20 min

7. Rinse with water at 40 ° C for 10 min.

Relative discontinuous load

Specific work gap, kgcm / g

Breakage at 100 W / h

Physico-mechanical properties of yarn produced from short flax fiber Relative discontinuity

After chemical upgrading, the fiber is washed with a solution of ammonium chloride in four ways. Bath module 8.5. Circulation change after 10 min.

Option 1. Washing with ammonium chloride 1.5 g / l for 15 minutes at 35-40 ° C.

Option 2. Washing with ammonium chloride 2.5 g / l for 15 min at 35-40 ° C.

Option 3. Washing with ammonium chloride 1.5 g / l for 25 minutes at 35-40 ° C.

Option 4. Washing with ammonium chloride 2.5 g / l for 25 min at 35-40 ° C.

Then the ammonium chloride solution is drained and the fiber is squeezed out in a centrifuge. 5 No fiber extraction.

The washing process eliminates fiber bonding by dissolving and removing adhesive components formed during chemical refining.

The physicomechanical indicators of yarn produced from short flax fiber are listed in Table. one.

Table 1

8,9it

8.52

9.01

T, 26

1.13

, 2.1

it, 01 6 6 6 6

according to the invention and by a known method, are given in table. 2

Claims (2)

Table 2 The invention allows eliminating the agglomeration of flax fiber, ennobled by any known chemical method, and thereby reduce the breakage during its processing in the course of spinning and increase the strength characteristics of the yarn produced; to increase the spinning ability of flax fiber, including short fiber, and to create conditions for obtaining not only mixed (with the addition of chemical fibers), but also pure yarn suitable for the MANUFACTURING of fabrics of various dress and linen assortment, which are in great demand in population due to high hygienic and operational properties; to produce chemical refining of short flax fiber both in the belt and rover and in the mass and to create the possibility for its processing by the dry method of spinning. Chemical enrichment of short flax fiber in the mass makes it possible to reduce the dust content, improve the separability of fires from the fiber at the first stages of the technological process, thereby improving the working conditions in spinning workshops and increasing equipment productivity. 8. The invention of the method of preparing flax, fiber for spinning by chemical refining followed by water washing in the presence of an auxiliary agent, characterized in that, in order to increase the spin capacity of the fiber by reducing stickiness, making it possible to process short fiber and increase the strength characteristics of the fiber. As an auxiliary agent, ammonium chloride is used in the amount of 1.5-2.5 g / l and washing is carried out at 35-40 ° C for 15-25 minutes. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Reference book on the chemical technology of processing flax fabrics. M., “Light Industry, 1973, p. 50. 2. Ostrovska A.V., et al. Voltage variation of the labial tape during the drying and binning process. Abstract collection “Textile industry, Moscow, TsNIITEElegg, 1977, No. 7, p. 55-59 (prototype).