SU891054A1 - Method of processing straw into fodder - Google Patents

Description

(54) METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF STRAW ON FEED

I

This invention relates to fodder production and can be used in the production of ruminant feed from straw.

There are various methods of processing straw in order to increase the digestibility of straw: physical, mechanical and chemical.

A known method of treating straw with acids followed by steaming, which includes grinding, loading straw into the tank, where it is mixed with 300-400 l of water and 1.62, 2 kg of concentrated hydrochloric acid, then steam is fed into the tank through the steam line, heating the contents for 2.5-3 hours. After cooling, the carbohydrate feed is fed to cows fj,

This method leads to the enrichment of straw with sugars, however, the yield of Sugars in straw is insignificant - only 2.8–3.7%.

The closest to the proposed method is the treatment of straw, which involves steaming the straw under a pressure of 6-6.5 atm at 158– for 2-3 hours after pre-wetting the straw to 8085%. This method allows to significantly increase the yield of Sugars in straw (up to 17-20%) 2.

However, this method has a significant drawback, which is V.TOM, that the method requires significant energy costs for its implementation, since it is necessary to use special boiler houses to obtain the required amount of steam.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy costs of the method while maintaining the high nutritional value of the treated straw,

The goal is achieved by the method, including steaming straw under pressure, before steaming, an acid in the amount of 0.3-0.5% of its weight is added to the straw, and the steaming is carried out at a pressure of 3-4 atm and 130140 ° C. Moreover, after steaming, the straw is neutralized with urea. Example 1: Straw is moistened with a weak acid solution (3–4 parts by weight 0.1% HC1 is taken per weight). The mixture is mixed well, placed in a fodder and steamed at 95-100 ° C for 3 hours. removing excess acid, you can simply additionally warm the mixture with constant stirring for an hour, or add urea based on 1 part of feed 1/100 part of urea. As a result of this treatment, we obtain a carbohydrate-protein feed containing,%: dry matter 31 ; sugar 5.91 (for absolute dry matter), protein 8.2 (urea. Example 2. Straw (can be shredded) is swept away with a weak 0.1% solution of sulfuric acid (for 1 weight.h, straw take 3- 4 parts by weight of acid.) The mixture is well mixed and placed in a feed tank and steamed at 95-100 ° C for 5 hours. Urea is added at a rate of 1/100 per 1 part by weight of straw. mix Feed contains,%: dry substance 29.2, sugar 7.4 (per absolute dry substance), protein 7.9. Example 3. The straw is moistened with a weak solution of 0.1% HCl. for 3 hours at 95-100 in KopMosanapifflKe. Add 1/100 part of urea to the weight of the original straw. All mix thoroughly and incubate for 30 minutes in a feed tank. A carbohydrate-protein feed with a dryness of 25.8%, sugar containing 7.9 is obtained % (for a completely dry substance), protein 7.1%, which is fed with ruminant weavers Example 4. To intensify the process of saccharification of raw materials 4, 4, it is advisable to steam in feed hoppers 3aMeHiiTb in autoclaves at non-small pressures. 3.5 bar The amount of acid is 0.5%. The results of saccharification of vegetable raw materials in autoclaves using the example of straw are given in Table 1. Autoclaving makes it possible to increase the content of sugars to 15–18%. When used as a catalyst for hydrochloric acid and when the raw material was evacuated in an autoclave after its treatment, the product was not neutralized. When used as a catalyst for sulfuric acid and in order to enrich the feed with protein, the saccharine product from the autoclave is neutralized and enriched with urea, which is a source of intense protein. The optimum time of processing of raw materials in the autoclave when using as -. The acid catalyst should be considered 2.5 hours. With an increase in the autoclaving time, the decomposition of sugars begins. Characteristics of experimental batches of straw are given in table 2. The carbohydrate-protein feed obtained by thermochemical method has been tested on ruminants. The balance experiments carried out on the bulls showed that the feed obtained had a high nutritional value and digestibility (tabs. Gobies have increased weight gain by 11.5% compared to control. When fed this straw to lactating cows, milk yield increases by 8.9%, kirnosti - by 5.4%. The digestibility of nutrients by gobies is given in Table 3. Thus, the proposed method of processing straw makes it possible to obtain a high-nutrient feed% product containing charcoal from straw and other plant waste. Levoda, sugar and protein.

60.3

52.2

8910544

Table I

Table 3

53.9

68.9 56.0

68.0

57.4

66,968,9

67.2

66.5

Claims (2)

1. A method of treating straw for feed by means of proparnvar under pressure, characterized in that in order to cross the energy costs of procuring, before steaming, acid is added to the straw in an amount of 0.3-0.5% of its weight, and steaming is carried out at a pressure of 3-4 atm and 130-140 C. 2. The method according to claim 1, about tl and h ayusch and with the fact that after steaming Continued table. 3 78.0 61.5 67.8 nor is the neutralization of straw with urea. Sources of information taken into consideration during the examination 1.Dudkin M.S. et al. Efficiency of feeding dairy cows with hydrolyzed roughage in combination with urea. - Livestock production, M., I960, No. 11, pp. 31-34. 2. USSR author's certificate number 719597, cl. A 23 K 1/12, 1978.