SU757541A1 - Method of preparing pectins and cellulose - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of obtaining polysaccharides, which can be used as zhelirucic and emulsifying substances in the food and textile industry, for the preparation of blood plasma substitutes, etc.

The closest prototype of the proposed method is a method for producing b-arabinose, pectin and cellulose, in which the beet pulp is hydrolyzed at 95 ° C with 1% sulfuric acid and the cellulose is filtered. The filtrate is partially evaporated in vacuo and the pectin is precipitated with alcohol. After neutralization, the alcoholic extract is evaporated, fermented with yeast to resolve sucrose and β-galactose, and L-arabinose is recovered with 96% alcohol, purified by ion-exchange treatment, and isolated in crystalline form in a yield of 8.2% [1].

The disadvantages of this method are:

1. The absence of the stage of inactivation of enzymes before extraction of sugar beet leads to the production of dark-colored pectin, which cannot be used to prepare plasma substitutes

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blood and in all cases where an unpainted or slightly colored product is required.

2. Use for the extraction of pectic substances of sulfuric acid, which causes degradation. more than water or hydrochloric acid solution.

3. Insufficient cleaning of the pulp from the accompanying substances.

The purpose of the invention to obtain unstained non-degraded pectic substances and cellulose, suitable for producing producers of cellulase.

This is achieved by pre-inactivating the enzyme system of crushed sugar beet roots with boiling alcohol with a 1: 2 - 1: 3 module with simultaneous alcohol extraction of all alcohol-soluble substances (sucrose, saponins, etc.), extracting pectic substances with distilled water at 40-50 ° C and the module 1:20 - 1:25 for 1-2 hours, extraction of the residue from aqueous extraction with 1-2% hydrochloric acid at 70-80 ° C with a module 1: 15-1: 20 for 1-2 hours followed by the release of pectic substances known

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using organic solvents. To obtain cellulose, the residue from the aqueous and hydrochloric acid extraction is neutralized, washed with water and dried. Sucrose, located in the alcohol extract, emit well-known methods.

Sugar beet roots can be a source of not only sucrose, but also other valuable compounds: pectins and cellulose, which constitute the bulk of the dry substances. Pectic substances that can be used as a plasma substitute. I, according to existing requirements, must be unpainted or slightly colored. Pretreatment of crushed sugar beet roots with boiling alcohol inactivates the sugar beet enzyme system, causing the beet chips to darken. Pectin substances, which are then extracted, have either a very light color or are completely unpainted.

Aqueous extraction or extraction with hydrochloric acid (as opposed to sulfuric acid in the prototype) contributes to obtaining high molecular weight pectin, which has gelling properties.

Cellulose remaining after water and hydrochloric acid extraction, practically does not contain impurities and can be used to produce cellulase. The presence of impurities in cellulose, such as pectin impurities, will induce a small amount of pectinase in a cellulase preparation.

In addition, sucrose is a by-product of the production of pectins and cellulose.

Example 1.1 kg of sugar beet roots is crushed in 2 liters of boiling methanol and allowed to cool to room temperature '. After that, methanol is poured, and the beets are poured with a new portion of methanol, equal to the first, the mixture is brought to a boil and allowed to cool to room temperature. Methanol is poured off, and crushed beets are dried and ground. The output of the air-dry slightly gray powder from 1 kg of root is 40 g (or 4%).

Dry powder (40 g) is poured with distilled water 1:25. Water extraction, carried out for 1.5 hours at 40 ° C. The extract is filtered through a cotton fabric. This extraction is carried out five times. All obtained extracts are combined, filtered and evaporated under vacuum (15-20 mm Hg) at 40 ° C to a volume of 200-250 ml.

To isolate pectin, the evaporated extract is treated with methanol (1: 1 by volume), settled, the precipitated pectin is filtered off, dried by changing the solvent (methanol, ether) and finally dried on

the air. The output of pectin 6.3 g. Plant material after extraction

water is dried at 50 ° C.

After aqueous extraction, the powdered plant material is extracted with 2% hydrochloric acid at a modulus of 1: 20, 70 ° C for .2 hours. The extract is filtered and the pectin is precipitated by the addition of methanol (1: 1 by volume). The precipitated pectin is filtered off and dried by changing the solvent (methanol, ether) and finally dried in air at room temperature. The output is absolutely white pectin 10 g

Re-extraction with 2% hydrochloric acid under the above conditions gives another 1.7 g of absolutely white pectin.

The total yield of pectin is 18.0 g from the theoretical (10% is the loss during precipitation).

The vegetable powder, after extraction with water and hydrochloric acid (as described above), is neutralized with a solution of soda or alkali to pH 7, washed with water and dried at 100 ° C.

A sugar beet pulp powder is obtained with a yield of 1.5% by weight of the beet.

From the methanol extract, sugar is recovered in the usual way (by evaporation and crystallization). From 1 kg of beets extract 150 g of sucrose, or 83% of the theoretical.

Example 2. 1 kg of sugar beet roots is crushed in 3 liters of boiling ethanol and allowed to cool to room temperature. Then the ethanol is poured, the beets are poured with a new portion of ethanol, equal to the first, bring the mixture to a boil and leave to cool to room temperature. Then ethanol is poured, and the beets are dried, then crushed. The yield of air-dry powder from 1 kg of root is 40 g (or 4%).

Dry powder (40 g) is poured with distilled water 1:20. Aqueous extraction is carried out for 1 hour at 50 ° C. The extract is filtered through a cotton fabric. This extraction is carried out five times. All obtained extracts are combined and after filtration evaporated under vacuum at 50 ° C to a volume of 200-250 ml. ^four

To isolate pectin, one stripped off extract is treated with ethanol (1: 1 by volume), settled, and the precipitated pectin is filtered off. Then the pectin is dried by changing the solvent (alcohol, then ether) and finally dried in air. The output of pectin 6,1, the Plant material after extraction with water, dried at 50 ° C.

Powdered vegetable

material after water extraction

extracted with 1% hydrochloric acid

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at module 1:15, 80 ° C for 1 hour. The extract is filtered and the pectin is precipitated by the addition of alcohol (1: 1 by volume). The precipitated pectin is filtered off and dried by changing the solvent (alcohol, ether). Window- 5

preferably, the pectin is dried in air at room temperature. · Output with> d absolutely white pectin - 10.2 g

Re-extraction with 1% hydrochloric acid under the above conditions gives another 1.7 g of absolutely white pectin.

The total yield of pectin is 18 g or 90% of the theoretical (10% is the loss during precipitation). ¹⁵

Plant material after extraction with water and a solution of hydrochloric acid is neutralized with a solution of soda or alkali to pH 7, washed with water and dried at 100 ° C. 20

A sugar beet pulp powder is obtained with a yield of 1.5% by weight of the beet.

Sugar is extracted from the alcoholic extract in the usual way (by evaporation and crystallization). From 1 kg of beets extract 150 g of sucrose, or 83% of the theoretical.

The present invention makes it possible to obtain highly purified acidic polysaccharides — pectins that can be used in medicine.

The present invention also makes it possible to obtain neutral polysaccharides, namely cellulose. The cellulose obtained by the proposed method is a pure preparation free from acidic polysaccharide impurities. This dd cellulose is necessary for carrying out. microbiological work on the cultivation of cellulase-producing microorganisms, which will then

(used for the decomposition of plant tissue tissue for subsequent extraction in pure form

various components of plants.

If microorganisms (producing cellulase) are grown on such an environment ’that is well purified from impurities, they will almost exclusively produce cellulase free from impurities of pectinase, proteinase, etc.

Thus, the present invention makes it possible to obtain purified preparations of pectic substances and cellulose, necessary in the national economy.

As a by-product, sucrose is obtained, which can be used as a reactive.

Claims (1)

Claim A method of producing pectin substances and cellulose from pectin-containing raw materials by acid hydrolysis, followed by isolation of target products, characterized in that, to obtain non-degraded non-colored pectin and cellulose, suitable for the production of cellulase producers, the raw material is pretreated with boiling aliphatic alcohol at module 1: 2 - 1 : 3, followed by extraction of the dry residue with water for 1-2 hours at 40-50 ° C and module 1:20 -1: 25, and hydrolysis is carried out with a 1-2% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid for 1-2 hours at 70-80 ° C and Module 1: 15-1: 20.