SU711378A1

SU711378A1 - Photometer

Info

Publication number: SU711378A1
Application number: SU762436334A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Евгений Леонидович Кондратьев; Вячеслав Дмитриевич Письменный; Александр Турсунович Рахимов; Владимир Борисович Саенко
Priority date: 1976-12-29
Filing date: 1976-12-29
Publication date: 1980-01-25

Description

Изобретение относится к области измерительной техники и может быть использовано при обработке экспериментальных результатов, полученных с помощью пленочных датчиков излучения.The invention relates to the field of measurement technology and can be used in the processing of experimental results obtained using film radiation sensors.

Известны приборы - денситометры ⁵ИТФ-11 и ДФЭ-10, предназначенные для дозиметрических целей [1].Known devices - densitometers ⁵ ITF-11 and DFE-10, designed for dosimetric purposes [1].

Однако эти приборы предназначены только для одномерных измерений. Для измерений в одной точке оператору необходимо с помощью стрелочного прибора подобрать положение фотометрического клина, на шкале которого отсчитывается величина оптической плотности почерне- _J5ния. При обработке же пленки, облученной электронным пучком с большой апертурой, необходимо проводить многомерный анализ, что резко увеличивает объем информации и делает обработку результатов _мс помощью этих приборов трудоемким и длительным процессом.However, these instruments are intended for one-dimensional measurements only. For measurements at one point, the operator must use a dial gauge to select the position of the photometric wedge, on the scale of which the value of the optical density of blackening is measured _J5 . When processing the film irradiated by electron beam with a large aperture, it is necessary to carry out a multivariate analysis, which greatly increases the amount of information and makes handling _m results using these devices laborious and lengthy process.

Наиболее близким по технической сущности к предложенному является фото2 метр, содержащий источник зондирующего излучения, осциллограф и сканирующее устройство в виде вращающегося барабана, датчик перемещения которого соединен с блоком развертки луча осциллографа. В этом устройстве достигается некоторое увеличение скорости денситометрических измерений. Это устройство позволяет получить набор осциллограмм, при этом длительность развертки луча осциллографа пропорциональна длине пленки, а количество осциллограмм соответствует числу строк, пропорциональных ширине пленки [2],The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a photo2 meter containing a probe radiation source, an oscilloscope and a scanning device in the form of a rotating drum, the displacement sensor of which is connected to an oscilloscope beam scanner. This device achieves a slight increase in the speed of densitometric measurements. This device allows you to get a set of waveforms, while the duration of the sweep of the beam of the oscilloscope is proportional to the length of the film, and the number of waveforms corresponds to the number of lines proportional to the width of the film [2],

Однако для построения топограммы оптической плотности почернения пленки необходимо проводить ручную обработку осциллограмм.However, to construct a topogram of the optical density of the blackening of the film, it is necessary to carry out manual processing of the oscillograms.

Цепь изобретения - автоматизация измерения топограммы оптической плотности почернения пленки.The chain of the invention is the automation of the measurement of the topogram of the optical density of the blackening of the film.

Эго достигается тем, что фотометр <Ego is achieved by the fact that the photometer <

снабжен пороговым устройством, вход которого соединен с приемником излуче3equipped with a threshold device, the input of which is connected to the receiver of radiation3

711.378 ния, генератором импульсов, вход которого соединен с выходом порогового устройства, а выход - с регулятором яркости луча осциллографа. При этом барабан снабжен механизмом вертикального перемещения, датчиком вертикального перемещения, выход которого соединен с входом блока смещения луча осциллографа.711.378 pulse generator, the input of which is connected to the output of the threshold device, and the output to the brightness control of the oscilloscope beam. In this case, the drum is equipped with a vertical displacement mechanism, a vertical displacement sensor, the output of which is connected to the input of the oscilloscope beam offset unit.

На фиг. 1 изображена функциональная схема фотометра, а на фиг. 2 - хронограмма работы фотометра.In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of a photometer, and in FIG. 2 - a chronogram of the photometer.

Фотометр содержит барабан 1, на котором крепится облученная пленка 2, барабан с помощью электродвигателя 3 вращается по винту 4 и может смещаться в вертикальном направлении. Датчиком этого смещения является шток 5 и потенциометр 6, включенный в цепь источника постояннбго напряжения и соединенный с входом осциллографа 7. Пленка просматривается зондирующим светом, который создается лампой 8, фокусируется на пленку объективом 9 и через фильтр 10 с помощью светопровода 11 регистрируется приемником излучения 1.2, сигнал с которого используется для запуска осциллографа и одновременно соединен с входом порогового устройства 13с регулируемым уровнем порогового значения сигнала. Пороговое устройство управляет работой генератора импульсов 14, соединенного с регулятором яркости луча осциллографа, и работой генератора счетных им* пульсов 15, соединенного с переучетным устройством 16«The photometer contains a drum 1, on which the irradiated film 2 is attached, the drum by means of an electric motor 3 rotates along a screw 4 and can be displaced in the vertical direction. The sensor of this displacement is the rod 5 and potentiometer 6, included in the DC voltage source circuit and connected to the input of the oscilloscope 7. The film is viewed by probe light, which is created by the lamp 8, is focused on the film by the lens 9 and is registered by the light guide 11 by the radiation detector 1.2 , the signal from which is used to start the oscilloscope and is simultaneously connected to the input of the threshold device 13 with an adjustable level of the threshold value of the signal. The threshold device controls the operation of the pulse generator 14, connected to the brightness control of the oscilloscope beam, and the operation of the generator of calculating them * pulses 15, connected to the recounting device 16 "

Фотометр работает следующим образом.Photometer works as follows.

Пленка 2 крепится на барабане 1 с узким зазором по окружности. Запуск осциллографа 7 настроен на сигнал полной интенсивности зондирующего излучения, который регистрируется приемником излучения 12 и происходит в момент ' прохождения зазора через зондирующий луч, т. е. начало развертки совпадает с началом просмотра пленки. Один оборот барабана соответствует строке⁴' на осциллографе. Сигнал датчика вертикального смещения приводит к соответствующему смещению на экране осциллографа, ί Таким образом, на экране электронно-лучевой трубки осциллографа при просмотре пленки создается растр строк, при этом длительность развертки луча осциллографа соответствует длине пленки, а количество строк по вертикали - ширине пленки. Пороговое устройство 13 настраивается на заданный уровень сигнала, пропорциональный оптической плотности потемнения облученной пленки. Уровень сигна ла может регулироваться. На выходе устройства 13 вырабатываются импульсы, управляющие работой генератора импульсов 14, включающих яркость луча (точку на экране осциллографа) при условии, если приемник излучения 12 регистрирует бигнал, отличный от заданного уровня.The film 2 is mounted on the drum 1 with a narrow clearance around the circumference. The start of the oscilloscope 7 is tuned to the signal of the full intensity of the probe radiation, which is detected by the radiation detector 12 and occurs at the moment the gap passes through the probe beam, i.e., the beginning of the sweep coincides with the start of viewing the film. One revolution of the drum corresponds to line ⁴ 'on the oscilloscope. The signal of the vertical displacement sensor leads to a corresponding displacement on the screen of the oscilloscope, ί Thus, a line raster is created on the screen of the oscilloscope’s cathode ray tube when viewing a film, while the scan time of the oscilloscope beam corresponds to the film length and the number of vertical lines corresponds to the film width. The threshold device 13 is adjusted to a predetermined signal level proportional to the optical density of the darkening of the irradiated film. The signal level can be adjusted. The output of the device 13 produces pulses that control the operation of the pulse generator 14, including the brightness of the beam (a point on the screen of the oscilloscope), provided that the radiation detector 12 registers a signal other than a given level.

Таким образом, в случае неоднородного почернения пленки на экране осциллографа строится изоуровень оптической плотности почернения. Изменяя пороговое значение сигнала можно получить голограмму. ‘ Одновременно с управлением яркости луча осциллографа пороговое устройство .13 управляет работой генератора тактовых импульсов 15. Число импульсов пропорционально длине строки с уровнем сигнала, превышающим пороговое значение. Счетчик 16 суммирует импульсы и при просмотре пленки дает значение площади выявленных контуров.Thus, in the case of an inhomogeneous blackening of the film, an iso-level of the optical density of blackening is constructed on the oscilloscope screen. By changing the threshold value of the signal, a hologram can be obtained. ‘At the same time as controlling the brightness of the oscilloscope beam, the threshold device .13 controls the operation of the clock generator 15. The number of pulses is proportional to the length of the line with the signal level exceeding the threshold value. The counter 16 summarizes the pulses and when viewing the film gives the value of the area of the detected contours.

Хронограмма работы фотометра представлена на фиг. 2, из которой наглядно виден процесс построения изоуровня ¹оптической плотности почернениям Автоматическая работа фотометра существенно ускоряет обработку и анализ экспериментальных результатов.A chronogram of the operation of the photometer is shown in FIG. 2, from which the process of constructing the optical level iso-level ^{1 to} blackening is clearly visible. The automatic operation of the photometer significantly speeds up the processing and analysis of experimental results.

Claims

The invention relates to the field of measuring technology and can be used in the processing of experimental results obtained using film radiation sensors. Known devices - densitometers ITF-11 and DFE-1O, intended for dosimetry purposes 1. However, these devices are intended only for one-dimensional measurements. For measurements at a single point, the operator must, with the help of a switch instrument, select the position of the photometric wedge, on the scale of which the value of the optical density of blackening is measured. When processing a film irradiated by an electron beam with a large aperture, it is necessary to carry out a full-body analysis, which dramatically increases the amount of information and makes the processing of results using these instruments a time-consuming and lengthy process. The closest in technical terms to the proposed is a photometer containing a source of probe radiation, an oscilloscope and a scanning device in the form of a rotating drum, the displacement sensor of which is connected to an oscilloscope beam scanner. This device achieves some increase in the speed of densitometric measurements. This device allows you to get a set of waveforms, while the duration of the oscilloscope beam scan is proportional to the film length, and the number of oscillograms corresponds to the number of lines proportional to the width of film 2, However, to build a topogram of the optical density of the blackening of the film, it is necessary to manually process the waveforms. The purpose of the invention is to automate the measurement of the topogram of the optical density of the blackening of the film. This is achieved by the fact that the photometer is equipped with a threshold device, the input of which is connected to the radiation receiver, an irsmynbcoB generator, the input of which is connected to the output of the threshold device, and the output to the oscilloscope beam intensity regulator. At the same time, the drum is equipped with a vertical movement mechanism, a vertical movement sensor, the output of which is connected to the input of the oscilloscope beam offset unit. FIG. 1 shows the functional range of the photometer, and FIG. 2 - chronogram of the photometer. The photometer contains a drum 1 on which the irradiated film 2 is attached, the drum with the help of electromotor 3 rotates on screw 4 and can be shed in a vertical direction. The sensor of the eugo bias is a rod 5 and a potentiometer 6, including one to one in the circuit of a source of constant voltage and. connected to the input of the sprgraph of the count 7. The film is grown by external light, which is created by lactation 8, is focused on the film by the lens 9 and through the filter S. with the HELP of the light guide 11 registers with the threshold 1.2 which is used to start the oscilloscope and simultaneously connected to the input of the threshold devices 13c regush-1 by the threshold level of the signal capturing. The threshold device controls the operation of the pulse generator 14, connects the beam brightness regulator, and the operation of the calculator of counting tracks IS connected to the counting device 16 The photometer works as follows Film 2 with the drum 1 with Y; circumference around the circumference. The launch of the oscilloscope 7 is set to a full intensity signal, which is detected by the receiver-radiation 12 and occurs at the moment of passage of the gap through the beam, i.e., the beginning of the sweep coincides with the beginning of viewing the film. One turn of the drum corresponds to the line on the oscypograph. The signal of the vertical displacement sensor leads to a corresponding displacement on the oscilloscope screen ,,: Thus, on the screen of the electron beam tube of the oscilloscope, a film raster is created on the oscilloscope screen, while the oscilloscope beam sweep duration corresponds to the film width, and the vertical row width of the film is . Prince The threshold device 13 is tuned to a predetermined signal level, proporizing the optical density during the irradiation of the irradiated film. Signal level can be adjusted. At the output of the device 13, 1-pulses are generated, controlling the operation of the pulse generator 14, including the beam brightness (turning on the oscilloscope screen), provided that the radiation receiver 12 detects a signal different from the specified level. Thus, in the case of non-uniform blackening of the film on the oscilloscope screen, the optical density level is blackened. By changing the threshold you can get a topogram. Simultaneously with the oscilloscope beam brightness, the threshold device 3.3 controls the operation of the generators of the clock pulses IS. The number of pulses is proportional to the long-line with the signal level exceeding the threshold value. The counter 16 summarizes the pulses and when viewed, the packet gives the value of p. spade outlined contours. The chronogram of the photometer is shown in FIG. 2, from which the process of constructing the optical density of the black eye is clearly visible. The automatic operation of the photometer is essentially the processing and analysis of experimental results. Formula isobretenise A photometer containing a source of radiation, an oscilloscope and a scanning device in the form of a rotating drum, the displacement sensor of which is connected to the box of the oscilloscope beam sweep, from the fact that, using the toporgamma of the oscilloscope, you can use the same value as the optical density of the toporgamma and the optical density of the optical density of the toporgamma optical density. pleshki, it is equipped with a threshold device, the input of which is connected to the receiver and a pulse generator, the input of which is connected to the output of the threshold device, and the output to the regulator of the irregular beam oscilloscope At the same time, the drum is equipped with a mechanism for vertical movement, a sensor for vertical movement, the output of which is connected to the input of the displacement unit of the radiograph. Information sources taken into account in the examination of 1, Kozlov V.F. Photographic dosimetry of ionizing radiation, Atomizdat, M „1964, p. 30-35. 2, M.A. Abro and others. Method for studying the current density distribution in a large-area electron beam. And the All-Union Science of Technology Conference on photometry. Theses of reports. Moscow, 29 no br - December 3, 1976, p. 213 (prototype).