SU27472A1 - A device for determining the center of gravity of trapezium areas - Google Patents

Description

The proposed device is intended to determine the center of gravity of trapezium areas and represents a sector on whose arc the ratios of the lengths of the shortest of two parallel sides of the trapezoid to the length of the major side in the range from 0.0 to 1.0, respectively, are plotted. and rectangle.

The radial lines of the sector, corresponding to different values of this ratio from the center of the sector, show the relative distances from the smaller of the parallel sides of the trapezium to the borders and to the centers of gravity of equal areas, the end points of which distances are connected in smooth curves. First, the use of the device takes place when placing 6 bends of rods in reinforced concrete structures, when it is necessary to break the support area of oblique tensile forces (usually having the shape of a triangle, a trapezium, a rectangle or a combination of these figures) into equal parts, find their centers of gravity and demolish the last on the axle beams.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device and FIG. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, the symbols used in the formulas and the method of using the device are explained.

The device device is based on the use of the following calculation formulas. Tabulated:

 .. iQ: X-. :

one.... .,

lt 0,0 -to IjO, respectively, preliminarily: the most extreme and the rectangle, on the same radial lines corresponding to different values of this ratio, are plotted; the center of the sector is the relative distances Lt from the parallel sides of the trapezium to the borders and centers of gravity equal areas, the end points of which distances are connected by smooth curves.

.-chg: ShrSh L / G 1 .. t: L k /

Ti0. “IdCKper, F: igb le-;, m-UU: t:% 1i; W% fng7. Ii4 w w I h .... Xr ..- Date: 10/01/2002

Number of pages: 2

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Class 27474 Fourth Year Council

DESCRIPTION

leveled to the copyright certificate of G. E. Efiyov, dated March 16, 1931 (for reference. reference. No. 85069).

On the issuance of copyright certificate published August 31, 1932.

The proposed level relates to levels with sighting devices equipped with diopters.

In FIG. 1 shows a side view of the level; FIG. 2 - front view; FIG. 3 shows a section along the line AB in FIG. one; FIG. 4 - view of the sighting tube with a slit.

The level consists of an ordinary box / with a hole for inserting the sighting tube 2. On the right side of the box / on axis 8 a rigid plumb line 3 is installed, on the ends of which cylindrical tubes 4 are perpendicular to it in order to fix thin steel needles 5 in them. on the left, there is a stand plate 6 for strengthening the sighting hair 7, according to which in the sight tube 2 there is a sight slit on the end facing the eye.

The hair 7 and the center of the slit of the sighting tube are in the same plane. The needles 5 are inserted into the plumb line 3 at a right angle to the direction of the center of gravity of the plumb line, as a result of which, when the device is horizontal, the hair 7 and the needles 5 are aligned. Atom is the last property and is based on the principle of the proposed leveling device.

The subject matter of the invention.

The level is distinguished by the use of a hard plumb line 3 with needles 5, which serve to align them in the same plane with the horizontal hair 7 in order to set the tool in a horizontal position. invention

Type of. .Spark.

Date: 10/01/2002

Number of pages: 2

Previous document: SU 27474

Next Document: SU 27478

Class 42c, 8

No. 27475

D ZHZHZ-Vvorekoe witnessto your way

about pi with aN and e

a device for determining the horizontal position using a graded rake.

To the author's testimony of A.I. Iedvedev, dated August 9, 1928 (for reference. Certificate. No. 31144).

On the issuance of copyright certificate published August 31, 1932.

In the proposed device, related to the type of devices for determining horizontal laying, a hair was used in the field of view of the pipe, connected by means of gears with movement of the pipe in a vertical plane, in order to obtain a point at the intersection with the rangefinder circle to combine with a zero graded rod. intended for reading on it the value of the horizontal position in the appropriate scale.

In FIG. 1 shows a side view of the proposed device with a partial section; FIG. 2 is a section on an enlarged scale along the line AB in FIG. one.

The proposed instrument is connected to a theodolite or a kipregel as follows. The axis of the JO pipe of the theodolite enters a tightly fixed tube in a rack / with a fitted bevel gear 2 (Fig. 1), which engages with gear 3, the sleeve of which is passed freely in the transverse direction through a circular hole in the axis 9 and is provided with a through axial through hole of a tetrahedral shape with a rod 4, of the same cross section, passed through it with a sharpened end in a bearing 7 fixed on the eye of a pipe W. On the rod 4 there is a cylindrical gear 5 engaging with a gear ring 6 turning on a glass mandrel 77 J2 with diametrically perpendicular risks, on ring 6, diameter is drawn on hair M. When the JO pipe rotates in a vertical plane, gear 3 rotates relative to stationary gear 2 together with the stem 4, which, with the help of the serration 5 on it, turns gear ring 6 with reinforced hair M at the same angle as the pipe turned, since the ratio of teeth to gears x 2, J, 5 and 6 is such that when you turn the pipe 360 ° in the vertical plane, the same degree will turn and ring 6 The distance measuring filaments in pipe 10 are replaced by a distance measuring circle {6 7J, which is cut on glass 72. The coupling of gears must be such that, with a horizontal pipe of theodolite, hair J4 was also horizontal and aligned with the horizontal risk on glass / 2.

In order to determine the horizontal position between two points of the terrain, the conventional rail was placed horizontally on a special invention.

tripod and perpendicular to the pipe axis of the tool, which is also brought into a horizontal position, after which the pipe in a vertical plane is directed onto the rail so that the zero division of the rail 15 visible in the pipe (Fig. 2) coincides with the intersection point of the distance measuring circle 13 with a hair 14; at the same time, the counted number of rake divisions from O to the intersection of the distance circle / 5 with the rail / 5 gives a horizontal distance from the tool to the rail in a multiple ratio, i.e. if each division of the rail corresponds to two meters of distance in the terrain, then the actual distance in meters will be equal to the counted division multiplied by two.

The proposed device can also be used to determine the elevation of one point over another, for

which rake / 5 is placed vertically. Since the horizontal and vertical distances are determined arithmetically by the device, all calculations of the corrections for the slope of the lines are eliminated, and to clarify the determined value of the space, the average of the upper and lower readings is taken.

Happy to invent.

A device for determining the horizontal position using a graded rail sighting, which is characterized by using a hair line M in the field of view associated with gears 6-5 and 3-2 with the movement of the pipe in a vertical plane in order to get at the intersection with a circle of 3 points with the end of the graded rod designed to read on it the horizontal values of the pad in the appropriate scale.